Explanation:
Sutures are a type of fibrous joint that binds two bones together into a solid, immobile expanse of bone. We are most familiar with sutures in the skull that connect the different cranial bones Sesamoid bones are small bones embedded in tendons where they pass over a joint. The most prominent sesamoid bone is the kneecap, officially known as the patella. tSurrounding your brain is the part of your skeleton known as your skull. Your skull is made of bone and cartilage, or firm tissue; its job is to protect your brain. Some of the bones surrounding the brain, and some of the bones are facial bones. Facial bones are bones like the jaw and cheekbonesThe hyoid bone is small, U-shaped bone in the throat. It is located in the front, middle of the throat between the lower jaw and the larynx, which is also called the voice box. The hyoid bone is involved in several functions of the throat, including breathing, swallowing, and talkingThe coccyx is a small bone at the base of your spine.Our spines are made up of 24 small bones in our back that support the weight of our bodyThe sternum is one of the largest flat bones in the human body. It located in the center of the chest, which is why it is often called the breastboneSutural bones develop between the flat bones of the skull. Sesamoid bones occur in tendons and protect them. The skull consists of cranial and facial bones.
Explanation:The bones that sometimes develop between the flat bones of the skull are called sutural bones. These bones form irregularly shaped bones that fill the gaps in the cranium's flat bones.
Small bones occurring in some tendons in the hand or foot are called sesamoid bones. They function to protect tendons from excessive wear and tear and aid in tendon function.
The cranium and facial bones together compose the skull. The skull consists of cranial bones and facial bones that support the structures of the face and protect the brain.
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The parents of a 13-year-old boy with a sore throat for a week, vomiting for two days, swollen lymph glands, and stiff achy joints is now seeking antibiotic treatment after herbal remedies were unsuccessful. Throat cultures reveal infection with group A streptococci. This child is at high risk for development of which cardiac complicaton?
ANSWER: MITRAL VALVE STENOSIS
EXPLANATION:
The child have the risk of having MITRAL VALVE STENOSIS. It is also referred to as mitral stenosis.
Mitral valve stenosis occurs as results of the mitral valve opening narrowing. Which effect to less blood flowing through it.
The mitral valve is located between two chambers (the atrium and the ventricle) on the left side of your heart.
However, Mitral valve stenosis can lead to different health issues, including blood clots, difficulty breathing, fatigue, and heart failure.
Mitral valve stenosis is specifically caused by rheumatic fever (a childhood disease). This rheumatic fever occurs has a result of the body's immune response to an infection associated with the streptococcal bacteria.
Acute rheumatic fever affects the joints and the heart greatly. It causes joints inflammation temporarily and in severe case causes chronic disability.
Nevertheless, this cardiac complication have treatment and it is based on whether the affected individuals shows symptoms. Medications like blood thinners or anticoagulants (to reduce the risk of blood clots), diuretics, antiarrhythmics (to cure abnormal heart rhythms), beta-blockers (to slow your heart) etc, are being administered based on the level of the complication.
A bear is placed in a laboratory whose interior is designed to precisely mimic its natural environment. However, the environment is kept in full light 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Which of the following is the bear likely to do?1) attempt to mate.
2) behave normally.
3) stop foraging.
4) fail to hibernate.
Answer:
4) fail to hibernate
Explanation:
Animals, such as bear, tend to hibernate when the conditions of the environment become harsh for them. As a result, the go to hibernation mode for that period of time. Bears usually hibernate during the winter season when the temperature outside becomes lower.
When a bear will be placed in the laboratory with constant sunlight, the bear will fail to hibernate as the bear will have no burrow or cave for hibernation and also he might consider the light source as conditions being warm.
A migratory bat species pollinates agave plants in northern Mexico on its way to the southwestern United States where it spends the summer eating insects and reproducing. Farmers spraying pesticides affect these bats, which eat the insects and also feed them to the baby bats. This could be the start of a story about ________.
-threats to a keystone species
-an extirpation
-insect biodiversity
-sustainable agriculture
-an umbrella species
Answer:
Threat to a keystone species
Explanation:
Keystone species are organisms that play a unique and crucial role within the ecosystem, that is, regulating the environment to help maintain a balanced habitat. Removing these organisms will result in an unbalanced ecosystem, this will affect other organisms and can lead to biodiversity degradation.
The _____________is a pear-shaped muscle that has the capability to accommodate a pregnancy. The middle layer of the uterine wall is called the myometrium . Prior to ovulation, the inner layer of the uterine wall_____________, the________ will build up with blood in preparation for a possible implantation. Every month, usually one mature ovarian follicle will leave the_________________ , and will be picked up by the sweeping . Fertilization will most commonly take place in the_______________ . The neck of the uterus is called the_____________ , which is connected to the______________ that contains numerous folds known as the rugae.
Answer:
Following words will be filled in the blanks in the given sequence -
UterusProliferatesProliferationOvaryFallopian tubeCervixVaginaExplanation:
Uterus is the pear-shaped organ in our body that has capability to accommodate pregnancy. After fertilization the fertilized ovum moves to uterus and gets implanted in the endometrial wall i.e. inner wall of the uterus.
In simple terms Proliferation means the the preparation of uterus for accommodating pregnancy by implantation of fertilized ovum.
Ovary is the primary reproductive organ of female and eggs or ova are produced by it.
Fallopian tube is a tube like structure that lies between uterus and ovary. It provides passage for the eggs to reach to the uterus and also provides a site for the fertilization.
Cervix is lower part of the uterus which is also called Neck of the Uterus.
Consider the consequences of a mutation in the DNA template sequence 5'ATG3' to 5'TTG3': What is (a) the resulting change in the mRNA codon and (b) the effect on the corresponding amino acid?
Answer:
Point mutation is the mutation that affect the single nucleotide base.
Explanation:
In the present question, ATG is replaced by TTG, that is, A (adenine, purine) is replaced by T (thymine, pyrimidine). ATG codes for methionine and TTG codes for leucine.
(a) The resulting mRNA codon will have leucine instead of methionine. ATG is a initiation codon. Without initiation codon.
(b) The resulting change will affect the amino acid also. As methionine will be replaced by leucine. The correct protein synthesis will not occur without the initiation codon.
This type of mutations are known as transversions, where purine (A) is replaced by pyrimidine (T).
What is a product from fatty acid oxidation of palmitate?
Answer: Acetyl coA
Explanation:
The beta-oxidation of palmitate (hexadecanoic acid); one of the most common saturated fatty acids, occurs in the mitochondria and yields 8 molecules of Acetyl-coA that then enters the citric acid cycle and electron transport system to yield ATP.
1. The carrier proteins through which sugar enters pancreatic beta cells have______.A. A Lower Km.B. A Higher Km.C. The Same Km.2. Than the carriers through which sugar enters muscle cells . In order for muscle cells to increase sugar import_______.A. Blood sugar levels must be high.B. Insulin must be present.C. Glycogen must be present.D. Glucagon must be present.3. Oh, and glucokinase has a______when compared to hexokinase.A. High Km.B. Low Km. 4. ________are responsible for the release of transferrin from the transferrin receptor and iron form transferrin. A. Proton Pumps.B. Iron Reductases.C. Ferriportins.D. Iron Oxidases.5. ________Convert the iron to the active form in which it may be exported.A. Proton Pumps.B. Iron Reductases.C. Ferriportins.D. Iron Oxidases. 6. This happens in the_______.A. Lysosome.B. Cytoplasm.C. Intermembrane Space.D. Interstitial Fluid.
1. The carrier proteins via which sugar comes into pancreatic beta cells have HIGHER Km when compared to the carriers via which sugar comes into muscle cells at fasting blood sugar levels.
Explanation: A high Km amount shows a low affinity for the substrate. The carrier protein (GLUT4), which is basically observed in muscle cells, do possess a stronger affinity for glucose (low km 1.8-4.8mM) thereby making sure that maximum glucose is efficiently transported in tissues in situations where glucose concentration drops. While the carrier proteins located in beta cells (GLUT2) do show a high km ~20mM, as a higher km promotes for glucose sensing.
2. In order for muscle cells to raise sugar import INSULIN MUST BE PRESENT.
3. Oh, and glucokinase has a HIGH Km when compared to hexokinase.
Explanation: Glucokinase do possesses a minimal affinity (higher Km) for glucose as it will only function in situations of increased glucose concentration in serum.
4. Proton pumps are required for the release of transferrin from the transferrin receptor and iron form transferrin.
Explanation: H+ ATPases reduces the pH of the vesicle and results in transferrin to produce iron.
5. Iron Reductases Convert the iron to the active form in which it may be exported.
6. This happens in the Lysosome.
Explanation: Ferric iron is transformed into ferrous iron (which is the active type) through the activities of ferric reductase.
Sir John Eccles discovered that if a neuron was stimulated, a chemical substance was released into a synapse that caused a nearby neuron to allow the movement of sodium ions into the cell. In turn, this caused the charge of the internal membrane to increase and become more positive and an action potential became more likely to occur. This was a reversal of the electric charge.
True or False
Answer:
Option- True
The given statement, "Sir John Eccles discovered that if a neuron was stimulated, a chemical substance was released into a synapse that caused a nearby neuron to allow the movement of sodium ions into the cell. In turn, this caused the charge of the internal membrane to increase and become more positive and an action potential became more likely to occur. This was a reversal of the electric charge", is correct in all senses.Explanation:
As, the difference in chemical balance between the different neuron structures causes the synapses and thus with the help of chemicals or charge particles the message or information is sent from the initial point to its destination in order to analyze all the required information.While, Sir John Eccles was a well known neurologist and research worker who perform various experiments on improving the knowledge regarding the human nerve system.Which statement best describes the process of respiration?
A. oxygen and sugar are used in the process that provides energy to cells, water and carbon dioxide are given off.
B. water and sugar are used in the process that provides energy to cells, oxygen and carbon dioxide are given off.
C. oxygen and carbon dioxide are used in the process that provides energy to cells, sugar and water are given off
D. carbon dioxide and sugar are used in the process that provides energy to cells and water and oxygen are given off.
Answer:
A. oxygen and sugar are used in the process that provides energy to cells, water and carbon dioxide are given off.
Explanation:Respiration is a biochemical process that uses oxygen and glucose to generate energy with the release of carbondioxide and water. All organism respires and the oxygen is used for cellular respiration.
C6H1206 +6O2----6CO2+6H2O+Atp(energy)
The Co2 and H2O is used by plant for the process of photosynthesis in producing there food.
The correct description of respiration is that oxygen and sugar are used to provide energy to cells, with water and carbon dioxide being released as byproducts.
Explanation:The statement that best describes the process of respiration is: A. oxygen and sugar are used in the process that provides energy to cells, water and carbon dioxide are given off. This process is known as cellular respiration, a vital metabolic process where cells break down glucose (sugar) in the presence of oxygen to release energy. The chemical equation representing cellular respiration is C6H12O6 + 602 → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy. This means that glucose and oxygen are consumed, and carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP are produced.
It is critical to differentiate between the respiration process of the respiratory system, which involves the exchange of gases with the outside atmosphere, and cellular respiration that occurs inside cells. Both processes are interdependent, with the respiratory system providing the oxygen needed for cellular respiration and removing the carbon dioxide produced as a byproduct.
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What feature distinguishes this type of capillary from a continuous capillary?
Explanation:
Fenestrated capillaries are "leakier" than ceaseless vessels. They contain little pores, notwithstanding little holes between cells, in their dividers that take into consideration the trading of bigger particles. This sort of narrow is found in territories that require a great deal of trade between your blood and tissues.Function-
Capillaries are exceptionally minor veins so little that a solitary red platelet can scarcely fit through them. They help to interface your courses and veins in addition to facilitating the trading of specific components between your blood and tissues. This is the reason tissues that are extremely dynamic, for example, your muscles, liver, and kidneys, have a wealth of vessels. Less metabolically dynamic tissues, for example, specific sorts of connective tissue.The CNS communicates with peripheral body structures through pathways. These conduct either sensory nerve signals from ____________ or motor nerve signals to ____________ ; processing and integration occur along them. These pathways travel through the white matter of the spinal cord as they connect various CNS regions with spinal nerves. A pathway consists of a(n) ____________ (groups or bundles of axons that travel together in the CNS) and a(n) nucleus (a collection of neuron cell bodies located within the CNS).
Answer:
receptors, effectors, tract
Explanation:
first is receptor because we have to sense the stimulus for our brain to send signal to certain parts or effectors to act on it. The third blank is tract because it serves the definition of tract which says a tract major passage in the body, large bundle of nerve fibers, or other continuous elongated anatomical structure or region.
The central nervous system communicates with the body through pathways in the spinal cord that connect the CNS with peripheral nerves. These pathways consist of tracts and nuclei.
Explanation:The central nervous system (CNS) communicates with peripheral body structures through pathways. These pathways conduct either sensory nerve signals from the body or motor nerve signals to the body, while processing and integration occur along them. These pathways travel through the white matter of the spinal cord as they connect various CNS regions with spinal nerves.
A pathway consists of tracts (groups or bundles of axons that travel together in the CNS) and a nucleus (a collection of neuron cell bodies located within the CNS).
EEG studies of the neocortex suggest that the __________ frontal lobe is more active when a person wants to approach something pleasant, while activity in the __________ frontal lobe is associated with wanting to withdraw from something unpleasant.
In certain cancers, the GTPase activity of the RAS G-protein is inhibited. This means that the RAS protein can no longer hydrolyze GTP into GDP. What effect would this have on downstream cellular events?
Explanation:
The epidermal development factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase associated with the guideline of cell development, wound mending, and tissue fix. When EGF ties to the EGFR, a course of downstream occasions makes the cell develop and isolate. In the event that EGFR is actuated at improper occasions, uncontrolled cell development (malignancy) may happen. After the ligand ties to the phone surface receptor, the initiation of the receptor's intracellular parts sets off a chain of occasions that is known as a flagging pathway, here and there called a flagging course. In a flagging pathway, second delivery people catalysts and enacted proteins interface with explicit proteins, which are thus initiated in a chain response that in the long run prompts an adjustment in the cell's condition For example, an expansion in digestion or explicit quality articulation. The occasions in the course happen in an arrangement, much like an ebb and flow streams in a waterway. Collaborations that happen before a specific point are characterized as upstream occasions, and occasions after that point are called downstream occasions.In positive control of several sugar metabolism-related operons, the cAMP receptor protein (CRP) binds to DNA to stimulate transcription. Which of the following environmental conditions causes an increase in CRP activity in stimulating transcriptionCorrect a decrease in glucose and an increase in cAMP
Answer:
CRP (cAMP receptor protein) is a protein found in bacteria. It is a regulatory protein.
Explanation:
CRP binds to cAMP which brings the conformational change which leads to the binding of CRP to specific sites on DNA promoter. This activates the transcription through interaction with RNA polymerase. Decrease in glucose and increase in cAMP causes an increase in CRP activity. cAMP is low when glucose behaves as a carbon source. This is due to inhibition of adenylate cyclase enzyme (cAMP producing enzyme). So, a decrease in glucose level will increase cAPM level.
The majority of the benefits of exercise during pregnancy occur in the ____________; the majority of the risks of exercise during pregnancy apply to the ___________.
Answer: mother, fetus
Explanation:
There are many benefits associated with exercise to the mother this includes the reduction in back pain, it helps in constipation, promotes healthy weight, improves the fitness of mother and strengthen the heart and also improves the blood vessels by preventing the deposition of fat in them.
There are majority of risks associated with the fetus during pregnancy these includes the premature contraction of the uterus, premature labor and premature birth of the fetus. The overexercise done by mother is likely to affect the growth of the fetus.
What type of force does a backpack exert on the body’s back and hips?
tension
compression
flexion
extension
Answer:
Compression
Explanation:
Backpack cause strain in one's neck, back and shoulders especially when it is loaded with load, the weight's force pull backward. In order to compensate for the force we bend forward at the hips or arch our back and this causes the spine to compress unnaturally.
Answer:
compression
Explanation:
plato/ edmentum
The closest living relative of P. chromatophora is the heterotroph, P. ovalis. P. ovalis uses threadlike pseudopods to capture its prey, which it digests internally. Which of the following, if observed, would be the best reason for relabeling P. chromatophora as a mixotroph? // as a mixotroph instead of an autotroph?
A) a threadlike pseudopod
B) a pigmented central vacuole, surrounded by a tonoplast
C) a vacuole with food inside
D) a secretory vesicle
E) a contractile vacuole
Answer:
Option-(C): A vacuole with food inside.Explanation:
The plant cells consists of the different organelles which are required to maintain the optimum level of food productivity to drive the different processes inside the environment and maintains the balance for the conservation of energy inside the environment or any space. As, the vacuoles are there either to store food resources or has the capacity to store the required amount of enzymes for the sake of digestion of food materials and other substance which enters the plant cell, while the enzymes are there to digest the macro-molecules into the basic components.The bacterial species Staphylococcus aureus is found on the skin and in the nasal passages of about 20% of the human population. In healthy individuals, S. aureus is benign (does not cause harm) in these locations. However, if it is introduced into the bloodstream through, for example, a wound, it can make a person gravely ill. Thus, the ecological relationship of S. aureus with a human:______________
Answer:
The ecological relationship of Staphylococcus aureus with a human can be mutualistic or antagonistic.
Explanation:
Mutualism is a type of ecological interaction. It occurs between 2 individuals in which each individual has a net benefit.
Antagonism is the opposite of Mutualism. It also occurs between two individuals but in this case one specie is getting the advantage at the expense of the other specie.
The enzyme phosphofructokinase catalyzes the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) activates the enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK) by binding at a site distinct from the substrate-binding site. This is an example of:__________.
Answer: Allosteric activation
The enzyme phosphofructokinase catalyzes the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) activates the enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK) by binding at a site distinct from the substrate-binding site. This is an example of allosteric activation.
Explanation:
The enzyme, phosphofructokinase is an allosteric enzyme since it possess more than one active site. The other active site is called an allosteric site.
Thus, since AMP binding at the allosteric site of PFK increases its affinity for its substrate (fructose-6-phosphate and ATP) conversion, then it is said to be an example of allosteric activation.
Emma is having a tea party with her stuffed animals and dolls, and pretends that they love the tea and cookies she prepared. Emma's belief that her stuffed animals and dolls are alive and hold human qualities is an example of ____.
Answer:
The correct answer is animism.
Explanation:
The concept that all the things whether living or non-living, comprising human beings, geographic features, animals, natural processes, and other non-living entities exhibits life, which associates them with each other is termed as animism. Animism is a belief that helps in determining general associations of holiness amongst the various systems of beliefs.
Animism generally has an application in explaining the differences between ancient beliefs and present organized religion. In the majority of the situations, animism is not regarded as a religion, however, a characteristic of different beliefs and practices. Thus, the given case is an illustration of animism.
Human activities, including fossil fuel combustion, farming, and deforestation, are known to increase the levels of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxides in our atmosphere. Measurable warming of Earth due to these greenhouse gases can alter ecosystem dynamics. In addition to the direct climatic effects on organisms within biomes, warming can lower levels of sea ice and increase precipitation in Arctic areas. Global warming can also melt permafrost in the tundra and increase sea surface temperatures, which could increase the intensity of hurricanes in vulnerable areas. Within communities, climatic change can shift interdependent species "out of sync," potentially causing indirect loss of species. For example, if pollinators and the plants they pollinate become out of synch, the pollinators may not be able to switch to a different food source, and the plants may not be able to reproduce. If the climate warms significantly, tundra permafrost may melt, which may lead to ________ the community.
Answer:
succession occurring in the community
Explanation:
Succession: a number of persons or things following one another in order or sequence.
A domino affect
In viruses called retroviruses, the genetic information is contained in RNA; these viruses have no DNA. These viruses also have an enzyme called reverse transcriptase. What is its function?
Answer:
It catalyses the synthesis of complementary DNA copies from RNA.
Explanation:
The reverse transcriptase is an enzyme that allows strands of DNA molecules to be synthesized from a single strand RNA template. The enzyme, also known as RNA directed DNA polymerase is usually used by retroviruses to synthesize complementary DNA sequence from an RNA template, a process that is an opposite of transcription.
In retroviruses, the enzyme reverse transcriptase's main function is to convert the virus's RNA back into DNA, which can then be integrated into the host cell's genome, allowing the virus to replicate. This unique mechanism has led to the development of specific drugs that can inhibit these enzymes and prevent viral replication.
Explanation:In retroviruses, such as HIV, the genetic information is stored in RNA instead of DNA. These retroviruses encode an enzyme known as reverse transcriptase. The principal function of reverse transcriptase is to convert RNA back into DNA which is then incorporated into the genome of the host cell. This process, also referred to as reverse transcription, allows the virus to replicate using the host's cell machinery, effectively using its cells as a factory to produce more viruses. This is unique to retroviruses, because in healthy, uninfected cells, this transcription process usually travels from DNA to RNA, not the other way around.
Interestingly, this unique mechanism has facilitated the development of drugs to inhibit reverse transcriptase and stop the virus from replicating without disrupting the host's normal cellular functions. Some of these drugs include reverse transcriptase inhibitors like AZT used in the treatment of HIV. This strategic approach has resulted in significant progress in managing and controlling diseases caused by retroviruses.
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A human kidney filters about 200 liters of blood each day. Approximately two liters of liquid and nutrient waste are excreted as urine. The remaining fluid and dissolved substances are reabsorbed and continue to circulate throughout the body. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted in response to reduced plasma volume. ADH targets the collecting ducts in the kidney, stimulating the insertion of aquaporins into their plasma membranes and an increased reabsorption of water.If ADH secretion is inhibited, which of the following would initially result?
a) Number of aquaporins would increase in response to the inhibition of ADH
b) The person would decrease oral water intake to compensate for the inhibition of ADH
c) Blood filtration would increase to compensate for lack of aquaporins
d) Person would produce a greater amount of dilute urine
Answer:
d) Person would produce a greater amount of dilute urine
Explanation:
ADH stands for anti diuretic hormone. It is also called vasopressin or arginine vasopressin. It is a hormone produced by the hypothalamus of the brain and then stored in the posterior pituitary gland.
Anti diuretic hormone acts by regulating the water balance in the blood. Osmotic sensors in the hypothalamus react to the concentration of particles in the blood. These particles include molecules of sodium, potassium, chloride, etc.
When blood pressure is too low, these sensors and baroreceptors tell your kidneys to release water to maintain a healthy range of these substances. They also regulate the body’s sense of thirst.
This is the study of similar and different structures in organisms.
Answer:
comparative anatomy
Explanation:
comparative anatomy is the study of similarities and differences in the structure/anatomy of different species. it has aided in the study of evolutionary biology and of common descent.
Final answer:
Comparative anatomy is the study of the similarities and differences in the structures of different species. Evidence for evolution is provided by homologous structures.
Explanation:
Comparative anatomy is the study of the similarities and differences in the structures of different species. Scientists compare the anatomy, embryos, and DNA of living things to understand how they evolved. Evidence for evolution is provided by homologous structures, which are structures shared by related organisms that were inherited from a common ancestor.
When animal cells are grown in a petri dish, they typically stop dividing once they have formed a single, unbroken layer on the bottom of the dish. This arrest of division is an example of:___________.A) cancer.B) cell constraint.C) density-dependent inhibition.D) cell division repression.E) growth factor desensitization.
Answer: C) density-dependent inhibition
Explanation: When density is high. cell division is inhibited. Density-dependent inhibition occurs when cells grow to a limit and the density of the area is high, growth becomes inhibited as a result of competition for nutrients, space and growth factors. When such arises, the cells get a notification to stop division.
Suppose that the human insulin protein that was produced by the bacteria was much shorter than it should be. Upon further investigation, it was found that the DNA of the human insulin gene had a mutation while in the bacterial cells. What type of mutation could not result in these observations?
Explanation:
Mutations are changes in a DNA sequence, and they can occur due to radiation or other types of DNA damage. If mutations occur in the part of a gene that encodes a protein (the coding region of a gene), they can change the amino acid sequence of that proteinBut not always; a silent mutation is a type of mutation in the coding region of a gene that doesn't actually change the amino acid sequence of the protein that is madeA point mutation is a change in one nucleotide or base pair of a DNA sequence. An example would be if a C in the DNA code was changed to a T Point mutations can happen anywhere along a DNA sequence, Mutations in the coding region of DNA can directly affect the amino acid sequence of the protein productUse the information from the article to answer the question.
Asteroids and Comets
Which statements describe the characteristics of asteroids? Check all that apply.
formed 4.6 billion years ago
orbit the Sun beyond Jupiter
range in size from a few feet to more than 300 miles across
have a total mass greater than the mass of the moon
most are found in the asteroid belt
Answer: Formed 4.6 billion years ago and most are found in the asteriod belt
Explanation:
Answer:
1.)formed 4.6 billion years ago 3.)range in size from a few feet to 300 miles across 5.) most are found in the asteroid belt
Explanation:
read the article provided
A bacterial cell is suddenly expelled from a warm human intestine into the cold world outside. Which one of the following adjustments might the cell make to maintain the same level of membrane fluidity that the cell had in the intestine?a. increase the length of the hydrocarbon tails in its membrane phospholipids.
b. increase the proportion of unsaturated hydrocarbon tails in its membrane phospholipids.
c. increase the proportion of hydrocarbon tails with no double bonds in its membrane phospholipid.
d. decrease the amount of cholesterol in the membrane.
Answer:
b. Increase the proportion of unsaturated hydrocarbon tails in its membrane phospholipids.
Explanation:
A bacterial cell in the warm human intestine that has been expelled into the cold world outside has to increase the proportion of unsaturated hydrocarbon tails in its membrane phospholipids to be able to maintain the level of membrane fluidity it experienced in the intestine.
This is because membrane phospholipids are unsaturated fatty acids that have more double bonds and a shorter hydrocarbon tail which prevents them from been tightly packed together thereby increasing the fluidity of the phospholipids in the bacterial cell.
Answer:
b. increase the proportion of unsaturated hydrocarbon tails in its membrane phospholipids.
Explanation:
Fluidity of the plasma membrane depends on the fluctuations of the structure of its cholesterol, length of the fatty acid chains and the extent of saturation.
Thus fluidity is encouraged by;
Increase in unsaturation of the fatty acids tails. The more unsaturated the chain, the' more bent' or 'kink' they are and therefore the less aligned, and therefore more fluidity. Since unsaturation favours fluidity the answer is B.
The short the fatty acid tails; shorter tails are less packaged together they therefore promote fluidity. longer chains gives close packing encouraging rigidity.
Option c, is reducing unsaturation,but promoting saturation which does not favour rigidity, therefore very wrong.
option d, is wrong because increasing cholesterol levels promotes fluidity by preventing close packing. Therefore, decreasing it favours rigidity.
Which of the following is most similar in structure to ATP?
A) a pentose sugar B) a DNA nucleotide C) an RNA nucleotide D) a phospholipid E) an amino acid with three phosphate groups attached
Explanation:
Nucleic acids, DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid and RNA or Ribonucleic acid are the biological macro-molecules formed by the polymerization of monomeric units called Deoxy-ribonuclotide and Ribonucleotide respectively.Each nucleotide or deoxy-ribonucleotide is comprised of: A pentose sugar, deoxyribose for DNA and ribose for RNA. The Ribose has a hydroxyl group at the 2' carbon position of the sugar molecule. This hydroxyl group is replaced by hydrogen in the deoxyribose sugar.A nitrogenous base, like adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine (for DNA) and uracil (for RNA) linked to the 1' carbon of the deoxyribose or ribose sugar through glycosidic linkage.One phosphate group which forms a phosphodiester bond in between the 3' carbon of one sugar molecule with the 5' carbon of the next sugar molecule in the nucleic acid polymer.An ATP molecule contain: Ribose as the pentose sugar but not deoxyribose.The nitrogenous base here is Adenine.Three phosphate groups, alpha, beta and gamma, linked to each other by two phospho-anhydride bonds and to the ribose sugar by one phosphate-ester bond.The ATP molecule loses two of its phosphate groups, the beta phosphate and the gamma phosphate, and forms a phosphodiester bond between the 3' carbon of one ribose sugar molecule and the 5' carbon of the next ribose sugar molecule in the Ribonucleic acid polymer.Final answer:
The structure most similar to ATP is an RNA nucleotide because both have a nitrogenous base, a ribose sugar, and phosphate groups.
Explanation:
Among the choices provided, the one that is most similar in structure to ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is C) an RNA nucleotide. Both ATP and an RNA nucleotide consist of three parts: a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar (ribose), and phosphate groups. An RNA nucleotide has a ribose sugar, a nitrogenous base, and can have one, two, or three phosphate groups attached to it. ATP has an adenosine backbone, which is a combination of adenine (the nitrogenous base) and ribose (the five-carbon sugar), plus three phosphate groups (α, β, and γ) attached.
The cichlid Cynotilapia afra, introduced at West Thumbi Island in Lake Malawi in the 1960s, has split into two genetically distinct populations, located at the north and south ends of the island. How can scientists determine whether these populations are now different species, according to the biological species concept?
Answer:
Determine whether individuals from one population will interbreed with individuals from the other population when introduced into each other's native habitats
Explanation:
According to the biological species concept, organisms can be considered to be of the same species if they can interbreed successfully together to produce a viable and fertile offspring.
Therefore, to determine whether these populations are now different according to the biological species concept, scientists should introduce both individuals from each population to each other. If they are able to interbreed and produce viable and fertile offspring, it means they are of the same species, but if they are unable, it means they are not of the same species.
Final answer:
Scientists can determine whether the populations of Cynotilapia afra on West Thumbi Island are different species by studying their reproductive isolation and genetic differences.
Explanation:
According to the biological species concept, two populations are considered different species if they are reproductively isolated and cannot produce viable offspring. To determine if the populations of Cynotilapia afra on West Thumbi Island are different species, scientists can study their reproductive isolation and genetic differences. They can analyze the mating behavior and breeding success of individuals from the north and south populations to see if they are interbreeding. Additionally, they can examine the genetic makeup of individuals from both populations to determine if there are significant genetic differences. If there is evidence of reproductive isolation and genetic differentiation, it would suggest that the north and south populations of Cynotilapia afra on West Thumbi Island have diverged enough to be considered different species.