Answer:
FALSE
Explanation:
The density of seawater depends on certain factors such as-
Amount of salt present- The density of seawater is directly proportional to the salt concentration in the seawater. More is the amount of salt, more is the water density. Pressure- The seawater density increases with the increasing pressure. Pressure thus plays a significant role in controlling the density of seawater. The temperature of the seawater- The temperature also plays an important role, as both temperature and density of seawater are inversely proportional to each other.Thus, the above-given statement is False.
hich of the statements is true regarding CO2? All of these choices are correct. CO2 plays a vital role in maintaining Earth's temperature. CO2 can be produced by natural and man-made processes. CO2 is released as a product of respiration. CO2 is a greenhouse gas.
Matter are anything that is made up of atoms. The quantity of matter can be observed only on the basis of mass and volume calculation. Therefore, all of the given choices are correct.
What is matter?Matter is a substance that has some mass and can occupy some volume. The matter is mainly used in science. Matter can be solid, liquid or gas.
Matter is anything that is made up of atoms. Anything around us that can be physically seen and touched are matter. Ice, water and water vapors are example of matter. Mass can also be represented as number of molecules. Volume is measured only in liter.
CO[tex]_2[/tex] plays a vital role in maintaining Earth's temperature. CO[tex]_2[/tex] can be produced by natural and man-made processes. CO[tex]_2[/tex] is released as a product of respiration. CO[tex]_2[/tex] is a greenhouse gas.
Therefore, all of the given choices are correct.
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Which of the following is/are INCORRECT conversions in the metric system? Circle ALL that are false - there may be more than one! - for a complete answer.
(a) 1 km = 1000 m (b) 50 mL = 0.50 L
(c) 125 mm = 12.5 cm (d) 23 pm = 0.000000000023 m
Answer:
(b) 50 mL = 0.50 L
Explanation:
Metric system is a measurement system that uses decimalized in all their factor, which mean every rank difference can be expressed as a factor of 10(deci=10). The decimalized number makes it easier to convert the unit, make the metric system easier to be learned and used.
The Metric system will use a prefix to determine the factor, a kilo is 1000, mili is 1/1000, centi is 1/100, pico is 1/10^12.
(a) 1 km = 1000 m
True, kilo is 1000
(b) 50 mL = 0.50 L
This option is false. mili is 1/1000, so 50/1000= 0.05 L
(c) 125 mm = 12.5 cm
True, mili is 1/1000 while centi is 1/100.
So 125mm will be: 125mm * 100mm/1000cm= 12.5cm
(d) 23 pm = 0.000 000 000 023 m
True, pico is 10^-12
Final answer:
The incorrect metric system conversions are option (b), 50 mL = 0.50 L (it should be 0.05 L), and option (c) is correct, with 125 mm actually equaling 12.5 cm. The other options (a) and (d) are correctly converted.
Explanation:
The incorrect conversions in the metric system from the options provided are:
(b) 50 mL = 0.50 L is incorrect because 50 mL equals 0.05 L, not 0.50 L.(c) 125 mm = 12.5 cm is incorrect because 125 mm equals 12.5 cm, as the conversion between millimeters and centimeters is accurate with 10 mm being equivalent to 1 cm.The correct conversions are:
(a) 1 km = 1000 m (This is a correct conversion.)(d) 23 pm = 0.000000000023 m (This is also a correct conversion in the metric system as 1 picometer (pm) equals 1 x 10-12 meters.)To clarify option (b), it is important to remember that 1 liter (L) equals 1000 milliliters (mL). Therefore, 50 mL should be divided by 1000 to convert to liters, which results in 0.05 L, not 0.50 L.
If a certain battery supplies 1.0×108 electrons per second to the negative terminal and the battery contains 7.00 moles of electrolytic solution (which means the solution contains 7.00 moles of HSO4), what fraction of the solution undergoes a chemical reaction each second
Answer:
The answer to the question is
Fraction of solution in reaction = 1.18 × 10⁻¹⁷
Explanation:
The reaction is as follows
H₂SO₄ ⇆ H⁺ + HSO₄⁻
Negative electrode
Pb + HSO₄⁻ ⇆ PbSO₄ + H⁺ + 2e⁻
That is one mole of H₂SO₄ produces 2 moles of electtrons to the negative electrode
number of electrons in one mole of electrons = Avogadro's number =6.02×10²³
Therefore 7 moles will produce 14 moles of electtrons
Total number of electrons = 14 × 6.02×10²³ = 8.428×10²⁴ electrons
Fraction of electron produced = Fraction of solution in chemical reaction
= 1.0×10⁸÷8.428×10²⁴ = 1.18 × 10⁻¹⁷
Fraction of solution in reaction = 1.18 × 10⁻¹⁷
Gallium has an orthorhombic structure, with a0 = 0.45258 nm, b0 = 0.45186 nm, and c0 = 0.76570 nm. The atomic radius is 0.1218 nm. The density is 5.904 g/cm3, and the atomic weight is 69.72 g/mol. Determine (a) the number of atoms in each unit cell; and (b) the packing factor in the unit cell.
Answer:
a) atoms/cell = 8 atoms
b) FE = 0.3876
Explanation:
You have the following data:
ao=0.45258 nm
bo=0.45186 nm
co=0.76570 nm
density=p=5.904 g/cm^3
atomic weight=69.72 g/mol
Avogadro number = 6.02x10^23 atom/mol
a) The number of atoms per cell is calculated by clearing it from the density formula:
atoms/cell = (px(cell volume)x(Avogadro number))/atomic weight
cell volume = aoxboxco = (0.45258x10^-7cm)x(0.45186x10^-7cm)x(0.76570x10^-7cm) = 1.5659x10^-22 cm^3
replacing values:
atoms/cell = ((5.904 g/cm^3)x(1.5659x10^-22 cm^3)(6.02x10^23 atoms/cell))/69.72 g/mol = 7.9 atoms = 8 atoms
b)the packing factor is calculated by:
FE = ((atoms/cell)x(atom volume))/cell volume
atom volume = 4pixr^3/3 = 4pix(0.1219x10^-7 cm)^3/3 = 7.5875x10^-24 cm^3
FE = (8x7.5875x10^-24)/(1.5659^-22 cm^3) = 0.3876
The number of atoms in each unit cell and the packing factor in the unit cell are;
a) Number of atoms in each unit cell = 8 atoms
b) Atomic packing factor = 0.3876
We are given;
a_o = 0.45258 nm ≈ 0.45258 × 10⁻⁷ cm
b_o = 0.45186 nm = 0.45186 × 10⁻⁷ cm
c_o = 0.76570 nm = 0.7657 × 10⁻⁷ cm
Atomic radius; r = 0.1218 nm = 0.1218 × 10⁻⁷
density; ρ = 5.904 g/cm³
Atomic weight = 69.72 g/mol
Avogadro's number = 6.02 × 10²³ atom/mol
a) The number of atoms per cell is calculated by clearing it from the equation;
Number of atoms per cell = (ρ × cell volume × Avogadro number)/atomic weight
Where;
cell volume = a_o × b_o × c_o
Cell volume = 0.45258 × 10⁻⁷ × 0.45186 × 10⁻⁷ × 0.7657 × 10⁻⁷
Cell volume = 1.5659 × 10¯²² cm³
Thus;
Number of atoms per cell = (5.904 × 1.5659 × 10¯²² × 6.02 × 10²³)/69.72
Number of atoms per cell = 7.9 atoms
Number of atoms per cell ≈ 8 atoms
B) Formula for the packing factor is calculated from the formula:
Packing Factor = (number of atoms per cell x atom volume)/cell volume
Formula for atom volume is;
Atom volume = 4πr³/3
Atom volume = (4π × 0.1218 × 10⁻⁷)³/3
Atom volume = 7.5875 × 10¯²⁴ cm³
Thus;
Packing Factor = (8 x 7.5875 x 10¯²⁴)/(1.5659¯²²)
Packing Factor = 0.3876
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Although carbon dioxide is the primary compound discussed with respect to global warming; of the common atmospheric components the global warming potential (GWP) of a carbon dioxide molecule is very low. Which statement best explains this pair of facts?
Answer:
C. CO2 exists in relatively high concentrations.
Explanation:
From the available options:
A. CO2 molecules are highly symmetrical.
B. CO2 has a low molar mass.
C. CO2 exists in relatively high concentrations.
D. CO2 is formed in the combustion of fossil fuels.
The focus on CO2 as far as global warming is concerned is not because It has a high global warming potential but because of its relatively high concentration in the atmosphere as a result of both natural and anthropological activities.
The correct option is C.
Choose whether the statements about oil sands are true or false. The viscosity of bitumen is about 100 times greater than the viscosity of water. Oil from oil sand deposits is only obtained by first heating the sands at high temperatures. Oil sands contain sand, water, and light crude oil.
The First 2 statements stated above were false whereas the third one is a true statement.
Explanation:
The viscosity of bitumen is about 100 times greater than the viscosity of water - FalseReason - The viscosity of bitumen is about not 100 times greater than the viscosity of water, it is actually 100, 000 times greater.
Oil from oil sand deposits is only obtained by first heating the sands at high temperatures is False.Reason- Oil from oil sand deposits is not obtained by first heating the sands at high temperatures but by using steams
Oil sands contain sand, water, and light crude oil is true.A pump contains 1.5 L of air at 175 kPa. You draw back on the piston of the pump, expanding the volume until the pressure reads 45 kPa. What is the new volume of air in the pump?
Answer:
[tex]\large \boxed{\text{86.8 L}}[/tex]
Explanation:
The temperature and amount of gas are constant, so we can use Boyle’s Law.
[tex]p_{1}V_{1} = p_{2}V_{2}[/tex]
Data:
[tex]\begin{array}{rclrcl}p_{1}& =& \text{0.579 atm}\qquad & V_{1} &= & \text{150 L} \\p_{2}& =& \text{1.00 atm}\qquad & V_{2} &= & ?\\\end{array}[/tex]
Calculations:
[tex]\begin{array}{rcl}0.579 \times 150 & =& 1.00V_{2}\\86.85 & = & 1.00V_{2}\\V_{2} & = &\dfrac{86.85}{1.00}\\\\& = &\textbf{86.8}\\\end{array}\\\text{The new volume of the gas is } \large \boxed{\textbf{86.8 L}}[/tex]
The electron configuration of Ne is:
1s 12s 12p 3
1s 22s 22p 6
1s 22s 22p 33s 2
1s 22s 22p 5
1s 22s 22p 63s 1
The correct answer would be....
1s^2 2s^2 2p^6
Two or more than two atoms with different physical or chemical properties can not combine together to form an element. Therefore, the electronic configuration of Neon is 1s²2s²2p⁶.
What is element?Element generally consist of atoms or we can atoms combine to form element. Atoms of an element is always same, means all the properties of all atoms of one type of element is same.
The systematic distribution of electrons in the various atomic orbitals is called its electronic configuration. The atomic number of neon is 10. The electronic configuration of neon is 1s²2s²2p⁶. 1,2,3 represents the number of shells and s and represents the orbitals. The superscripts represents the number of electrons in each orbitals.
Therefore, the electronic configuration of Neon is 1s²2s²2p⁶.
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Objects with higher temperatures:________________.1. emit only shortwave radiation. 2. emit most of their energy in the form of longwave energy. 3. radiate less total energy than cooler objects radiate. 4. emit more shortwave radiation than cooler objects do.
Objects with higher temperatures emit more electromagnetic energy than cooler objects and do so at shorter wavelengths. This results in hotter objects emitting a larger fraction of their energy as shortwave radiation compared to cooler objects.
Explanation:The question asks how objects with higher temperatures behave in terms of radiation. Based on the principles of physics, objects with higher temperatures emit more electromagnetic energy and do so at shorter wavelengths compared to cooler objects. This is because a higher temperature results in more vigorous atomic collisions, releasing energy across a spectrum but more intensely at shorter wavelengths. For instance, as a metal heats up, its color changes from dull red to bright orange-red and, at even higher temperatures, to brilliant yellow or blue-white, indicating emissions at shorter wavelengths. Similarly, the sun, being much hotter than the Earth, emits most of its energy in the shortwave end of the electromagnetic spectrum, whereas the Earth emits in the longwave end.
Hence, the correct statement is: Objects with higher temperatures emit more shortwave radiation than cooler objects do. This is aligned with the scientific understanding that hotter bodies not only radiate more energy across all wavelengths compared to cooler ones but also shift their peak emission towards shorter wavelengths, thereby emitting a larger fraction of their energy at these higher frequencies and energies.
3. Before tackling this problem, be sure you know how to find the antilog of a number using a scientific calculator. A solution has a pH of 5.4. Write the formula you will use to calculate the [H ] and then show all your work leading to the determination of [H ].
Answer:
3.98 ×10-6 mol dm-3
Explanation:
The pH is defined as the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration to base ten. This implies that when we want to obtain the concentration of hydrogen ion in moldm-3 and all we have is the pH of the solution, we simply take the antilog of the negative value of the given pH value. This follows from the definition of pH above. All these steps are shown in the image attached.
To compute the concentration of hydrogen ions [H+] from the pH of a solution, use the formula [H+] = 10^(-pH). In the given problem, where the pH is 5.4, the [H+] is approximately 3.98 *10^-6 M.
Explanation:The subject of this question involves a calculation commonly performed in Chemistry related to the measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution, colloquially known as pH. The concentration of hydrogen ions, denoted as [H+], can be found from the pH using the formula: [H+] = 10^(-pH). If a solution has a pH of 5.4, the concentration of the hydrogen ions would be calculated as: [H+] = 10^ (-5.4). Using a scientific calculator to find the antilog, the [H+] is approximately 3.98 *10^-6 M.
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In CF4 and NF3, the ___electron groups on the central C and N atoms have a ___ arrangement. The shapes of the molecules are determined by the number of ___ of electrons: since CF4 has ___ bonded atom(s) and ___ lone pair(s) of electrons, the shape is ___. Since NF3 has ___ bonded atom(s) and ___ lone pair(s) of electrons, the shape is ___.
Answer:
Explanation:
In CF4 and NF3, the valence electron groups on the central C and N atoms have a tetrahedral arrangement. The shapes of the molecules are determined by the number of bonding and nonbonding of electrons: since CF4 has four bonded atom(s) and zero lone pair(s) of electrons, the shape is tetrahedral.
CF4 and NF3 have electron groups which are arranged tetrahedrally. CF4, having four bonded atoms and no lone pairs, has a tetrahedral shape. NF3, having three bonded atoms and a lone pair of electrons, has a trigonal pyramidal shape.
Explanation:In CF4 (Carbon Tetrafluoride) and NF3 (Nitrogen Trifluoride), the electron groups on the central carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) atoms have a tetrahedral arrangement. The shapes of these molecules are determined by the number of lone pairs of electrons.
In CF4, there are four bonded atoms and no lone pair of electrons, thus, the shape is tetrahedral. On the other hand, in NF3, nitrogen is bonded to three fluorine atoms and has one lone pair of electrons, so it has a trigonal pyramidal shape.
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The tank for a car holds 24 24 gallons. The gasoline gauge shows the tank is 3 8 38 full. How much gas is still in the tank? Give your answer as a proper fraction, whole number, or mixed number reduced to lowest terms
Answer : The amount gas still in the tank is, 9 gallons
Explanation : Given,
Volume of tank of a car = 24 gallons
Total gasoline gauge shows the tank is 3/8 full.
Now we have to calculate the amount gas still in the tank.
The amount gas still in the tank = [tex]24\text{ gallons}\times frac{3}{8}[/tex]
The amount gas still in the tank = [tex]9\text{ gallons}[/tex]
Thus, the amount gas still in the tank is, 9 gallons
The car's gas tank, which holds 24 gallons, is ⅓ full, equating to 9 gallons of gas remaining in the tank.
The car's gas tank holds 24 gallons, and the gasoline gauge shows that the tank is ⅓ full. To find out how much gas is still in the tank, you should multiply the total capacity of the tank by the fraction that represents how full it is. In this case, you would calculate:
24 gallons × ⅓ = 24 gallons × 3/8 = 9 gallons.
So, there are 9 gallons of gasoline still in the tank.
10. What is the molarity of a MnO4- solution if 23.5 mL of this solution is required to react completely with 30.0 mL of 0.134 M Fe2 solution according to the equation 5Fe2 (aq) MnO4-(aq) 8H (aq) ---> 5Fe3 (aq) Mn2 (aq) 4H2O(l)
Answer:
The molarity of a MnO4- solution
= 0.0342 M
Explanation:
Equation of reaction:
5Fe2 (aq) MnO4-(aq) 8H (aq) ---> 5Fe3 (aq) Mn2 (aq) 4H2O(l)
This is an example of redox titration.
Using titration formula:
CAVA/CBVA = NA/NB
where CA is the molarity of Fe2+ = (0.134 M)
CB is the molarity of MnO4- = (?????)
VA is the volume of Fe2+ = (30mL)
VB is the volume of MnO4- =(23.5mL)
NA is the numeric coefficient of Fe2+ in the equation of reaction = ( 5 )
NB is the numeric coefficient of MnO4- in the equation of reaction =(1)
Substituting the values into the formula;
0.134×30/CB×23.5 = 5/1
Therefore CB = 0.134×30/23.5×5
= 0.0342 M
A cylindrical can is to be made to hold 1L of oil. Find the height of the can, in centimeters, that will minimize the cost of the metal to manufacture the can. Assume the base, sides and top are made of the uniformly thick metal and ignore seams. 1L=1000cm^3
Answer:
The answer is h = 2r cm
Explanation:
To construct the container, a rectangle-shaped piece is cut to make the cylindrical body of said container, and two circular-shaped pieces for its lids. We establish A as the total area of the container, At will be the area of the lids, Ac will be the area of the body, r will be the radius of the cylindrical body and h will be its height.
The total area A of the cylindrical container will be given by the following equation:
A = 2 π r^2 + 2 π r h
To solve the equation we will use the information from the exercise: the volume of the container is 1 liter. This means that:
Volume = π r^2 h = 1000
Clearing the height h, we have:
h = 1000/(π r^2)
Substituting this expression in the equation for area A:
A = 2 π r^2 + 2 π r h = 2 π r^2 + 2 π r (1000 / (π r^2)) = 2 π r^2 + 2000/r
A(r) = 2 π r^2 + 2000/r, condition r> 0
Optimizing this equation:
A’(r) = 4 π r - 2000/r^2 = 4 (π r^3 - 500)/r^2
If A’(r) = 0
Solving for r:
r = 3√(500/π) cm
Substituting in the equation for height:
h = 1000/(π r^2),
h = 2 3√ (500/π) = 2 r cm
A scientist wants to make a solution of tribasic solution phosphate, na3po4, for a laboratory experiment. How many grams of na3po4 will be needed to produce 675 ml of a solution that has a concentration of na+ ions of 1.50 m
Answer:
55.75g
Explanation:
From
m/M = CV
Where
m= required mass of solute
M= molar mass of solute
C= concentration of solution
V= volume of solution=675ml
Molar mass of solute= 3(23) + 31 + 4(16)= 69+31+64=164gmol-1
Number of moles of sodium ions present= 1.5× 675/1000= 1.01 moles
Since 1 mole of Na3PO4 contains 3 moles of Na+
It implies that 1.01/3 moles of Na3PO4 are present in solution= 0.34moles
mass of Na3PO4= number of moles × molar mass= 0.34 × 164 =55.75g
The relative atomic mass of Chlorine is 35.45. Calculate the percentage abundance of the two isotopes of Chlorine, 35Cl and 37Cl in a sample of chlorine gas. (Total 2 marks)
Answer:
35Cl = 75.9 %
37Cl = 24.1 %
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
The relative atomic mass of Chlorine = 35.45 amu
Mass of the isotopes:
35Cl = 34.96885269 amu
37Cl = 36.96590258 amu
Step 2: Calculate percentage abundance
35.45 = x*34.96885269 + y*36.96590258
x+y = 1 x = 1-y
35.45 = (1-y)*34.96885269 + y*36.96590258
35.45 = 34.96885269 - 34.96885269y +36.96590258y
0.48114731 = 1,99704989y
y = 0.241 = 24.1 %
35Cl = 34.96885269 amu = 75.9 %
37Cl = 36.96590258 amu = 24.1 %
A certain amount of heat is added to 1 cup of water and the temperature raises by 5°C. How much will the temperature raise if three times the amount of heat is added to the same amount of water?
Rise in temperature is 15°C.
Explanation:
We know that
Q = m [tex]\times[/tex] c [tex]\times[/tex] ΔT
Q - heat required
m - mass of the substance
c - specific heat capacity
ΔT - change in temperature
Given :
1 cup of water = 250 mL =250 g
specific heat capacity of water = 4.184 J/g°C
temperature rises by 5°C
[tex]Q = 250 \times 4.184 \times 5[/tex]
[tex]Q = 5230 J[/tex]
If three times of heat is added
[tex]Q = 5230 \times 3[/tex]
[tex]Q = 15690 J[/tex]
Therefore
[tex]15690 = 250 \times 4.184 \times \triangle T[/tex]
[tex]\triangle T = \frac{15690}{250 \times 4.184}[/tex]
[tex]\triangle T = 15[/tex]
Rise in temperature is 15°C.
A reaction is exothermic when:_______.a. weak bonds break and strong bonds form. b. strong bonds break and weak bonds form. c. strong bonds break and strong bonds form. d. weak bonds break and weak bonds form.
Explanation:
An exothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that during the chemical reaction releases energy. "Exo" means releases under the word Exothermic and "thermic" means heat. Bonds are broken and replaced as chemical reactions occur, forming new materials. When bonds are formed energy is released and for breaking of the bond, energy is needed. Hence, when weak bonds are broken less amount of energy is needed and when a strong bond is formed a high amount of energy is released.Compared to a hydrocarbon chain where all the carbon atoms are linked by single bonds, a hydrocarbon chain with the same number of carbon atoms, but with one or more double bonds, will _____.
Answer:
Be more constrained in structure
Explanation:
This is because double bonds confer unsaturation on an organic molecules. The molecules are more ordered as they have lesser number of hydrogen atoms in them.
Having same number of carbon atoms means they are corresponding molecules.
For example. Ethyne is corresponding to ethane. Since ethyne has less number of hydrogen atoms than ethane, it will be more constrained in structure than ethane.
A hydrocarbon chain with the same number of carbon atoms, but with one or more double bonds, will be more constrained in structure.
Hydrocarbon:A hydrocarbon is any of a class of organic chemicals made up of only the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H).
This is because double bonds unsaturation on an organic molecules. The molecules are more ordered as they have lesser number of hydrogen atoms in them.
Having same number of carbon atoms means they are corresponding molecules.
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At 25 ∘C the reaction CaCrO4(s)←→Ca2+(aq)+CrO2−4(aq) has an equilibrium constant Kc=7.1×10−4. What is the equilibrium concentration of Ca2+ in a saturated solution of CaCrO4?
Answer:
2.67 × 10⁻²
Explanation:
Equation for the reaction is expressed as:
CaCrO₄(s) ⇄ Ca₂⁺(aq) + CrO₂⁻⁴(aq)
Given that:
Kc=7.1×10⁻⁴
Kc= [tex][Ca^{2+}][CrO^{2-}_4][/tex]
Kc= [x][x]
Kc= [x²]
7.1×10⁻⁴ = [x²]
x = [tex]\sqrt{7.1*10^{-4}}[/tex]
x = 0.0267
x = [tex]2.67*10^{-2}[/tex]
Plants make sugar by the process of photosynthesis. The reactants are carbon dioxide and water, in the presence of sunlight. Most gases, like carbon dioxide, enter and leave the plant through the
Answer:
Stomata
Explanation:
Each plant possesses openings on its leaves known as stomata. Stomata are very important for gaseous exchange in plants. Gases enter and leave the plant via the stomata on the leaves.
Carbon dioxide required for photosynthesis is found in air. It enters into the plant through the stomata on its leaves. Oxygen which is produced during photosynthesis also leaves the plant leaves through the stomata on the leaves.
A stock solution containing Mn2 ions was prepared by dissolving 1.584g of pure manganese metal in nitric acid and diluting to a final volume of 1.000L. The following solutions were then prepared by dilution:a. For solution A, 50.00mL of stock solution was diluted to 1000.0mL.b. For solution B, 10.00mL of solution A was diluted to 250.0mL.c. For solution C, 10.00mL of solution B was diluted to 500.0mL.Calculate the concentrations of the stock solution and solutions A, B and C.3
The concentration of the stock solution is 0.029 M
The concentration of the solution A is 0.00145 M.
0.000058 moles/litre is the concentration of Solution B.
0.00000116 moles/ litre is the concentration of solution C.
Explanation:
Weight of the manganese metal dissolved is 1.584 and diluted in 1000 ml.
The number of moles of manganese will be calculated as
Number of moles = mass ÷ atomic mass (atomic mass of manganese = 54.93 gram/mole)
Thus number of moles = 1.584 ÷ 54.93
= 0.029 moles
Molarity or concentration of the Mn ions is calculated by the formula:
M= n ÷ V
M = 0.029 ÷ 1
0.029M is the molarity of the solution given.
Now to know the molarity of solution A
It can be known by
M1V1 = M2V2
0.029 × 50 ml = M2 × 1000 ml
M2= 0.00145 M thus the molarity of the solution A is 0.00145 M.
Molarity of solution B ( 10 ml of solution A is diluted to 250 ml)
Applying the formula:
M1V1 = M2V2
0.00145 × 10 = M2 × 250 ( ml will be converted to L by dividing the volume with 1000)
M2 = 0.000058 moles/litre is the concentration of Solution B.
For solution C ( 10 ml of solution B is diluted to 500ml)
From the formula:
M2 V2 = M3V3
0.000058 × 10 = M3 × 500 ( Volume will be changed to L )
0.000058 × 0.01 = M3 × 0.5
= 0.00000116 moles/ litre is the concentration of solution C.
Consider the following reaction:
CO(g)+2H2(g)⇌CH3OH(g)
This reaction is carried out at a specific temperature with initial concentrations of [CO] = 0.27 M and [H2] = 0.49 M. At equilibrium, the concentration of CH3OH is 0.11 M. Find the equilibrium constant at this temperature.
Answer:
9.43 L^-2mol^-2
Explanation:
The ICE table was constructed and shown in the image attached. After construction of the ICE table, the equilibrium constant is easily determined from the equation of the reaction and law of active masses as shown in the image attached.
The equilibrium constant temperature is "9.43".
Calculating the constant temperature:Initial concentration:
[tex]\to [CO] = 0.27 \ M\\\\[/tex]
[tex]\to [H_2] = 0.49\ M\\\\[/tex]
Using the ICE table for constructed as follows:
Equation:
[tex]CO(g) + 2H_2\ (g) \rightleftharpoons CH_3OH(g)\\\\[/tex]
Initial [tex]\ (M): \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0.27 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0.49 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0\\\\[/tex]
Change[tex]\ (M): \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ -x \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ - 2x \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ -x\\\\[/tex]
Equal [tex]\ (M) : \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0.27-X \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0.49-2x \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ x \\\\[/tex]
[tex]\to [(CH_3OH)]_{equil} = (x) M\ = 0.11\ M\\\\ \to x= 0.11 \\\\[/tex]
Calculating the equilibrium concentration of [tex]H_2[/tex]:
[tex]\to [H_2] = (0.49-2x)\ M[/tex]
[tex]= (0.49-2\times 0.11)\ M \\\\ = (0.49- 0.22)\ M \\\\= 0.27\ M \\\\[/tex]
Calculating the equilibrium concentration of [tex]CO[/tex]:
[tex]\to [CO] = (0.27 - x)\ M[/tex]
[tex]= (0.27 -0.11) \ M \\\\ = 0.16\ M \\\\[/tex]
Calculating the equilibrium constant value:
[tex]\to K_c =\frac{[CH_3OH ]}{[CO][H_2]^2}[/tex]
[tex]=\frac{(0.11)}{(0.16)(0.27)^2} \\\\ =\frac{(0.11)}{(0.16)(0.0729)} \\\\ =\frac{(0.11)}{(0.011664)} \\\\= 9.43[/tex]
Therefore, the final answer is "9.43"
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The carbocation electrophile in a friedel-crafts reaction can be generated in ways other than by reaction of an alkyl chloride with alcl3.give an example
Answer: iron (II) Chloride can be used instead of AlCl3
Explanation:
Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction involves the introduction of alkyl group in an aromatic ring with an alkyl halide using a strong Lewis acid, such as aluminium chloride, ferric chloride, or other MXn reagent, as catalyst.
The function of AlCl3 or fecl3 in Friedel-Craft reaction, is to produce electrophile, which later adds to benzene ring. This electrophilic aromatic substitution allows the synthesis of monoacylated products from the reaction between arenes and acyl chlorides or anhydrides. The products are deactivated and do not undergo a second substitution. Normally, a stoichiometric amount of the Lewis acid catalyst is required for both the substrate and the product form complexes.
AlCl3 or fecl3 (and other Lewis acids like it) will coordinate to halogens, and facilitate the breaking of these bonds. In doing so, it increases the electrophilic nature of its binding partner, making it much more reactive as to complete the reaction.
Gerald's science teacher mixed room temperature samples of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide in a large beaker. The solution still looked clear like water, but when the students carefully touched the beaker one at a time, it felt warm to the touch.
Answer:
A.
A chemical reaction was producing a new substance.
Explanation:
Equation of the reaction
NaOH + HCl --> NaCl + H2O
Heat of neutralization is the amount of heat evolved when one mole of acid reacts with one mole of an alkaline to form one mole of water.
When a neutralisation reaction is carried out, there is an exothermic change; energy released into the surroundings therefore since heat is given out which is what is felt.
Carbon tetrachloride, CCl₄, is a solvent that was once used in large quantities in dry cleaning. Because it is a dense liquid that does not burn, it was also used in fire extinguishers. Unfortunately, its use was discontinued because it was found to be a carcinogen. It was manufactured by the following reaction:
[tex]CS_2+3Cl_2 \longrightarrow CCl_4+S_2Cl_2[/tex]
The reaction was economical because the byproduct disulfur dichloride, S₂Cl₂, could be used by industry in the manufacture of rubber products and other materials.
a. What is the percentage yield of CCl₄i if 719 kg is produced from the reaction of 410. kg of CS₂?
b. If 67.5 g of Cl₂ are used in the reaction and 39.5 g of S₂Cl₂ is produced, what is the percentage yield?
c. If the percentage yield of the industrial process is 83.3%, how many kilograms of CS₂ should be reacted to obtain 5.00 × 10⁴ kg of CCl₄? How many kilograms of S₂Cl₂ will be produced, assuming the same yield for that product?
Answer:
The answers to the question are
a. Percentage yield = 86.804 %
b. Percentage yield =92.2 %
c. 3.09×10⁶ kg of CS₂ should be reacted to obtain 5.00 × 10⁴ kg of CCl₄ at 83.3 % yield
c. (i) 4.39×10⁶ kg of S₂Cl₂ will be produced alongside at 83.3 %yield
Explanation:
a.To solve the question, we note that in the chemical reaction
1 mole of CS₂ reacts with 3 moles of Cl₂ to produce 1 mole of CCl₄ and 1 mole of S₂Cl₂
Mass of CCl₄ produced = 719 kg (Actual yield)
Mass of CS₂ in the reaction = 410 kg
Molar mass of CCl₄ = 153.82 g/mol,
Number of moles of CCl₄ =[tex]\frac{Mass}{Molar mass}[/tex] = 719/153.82 = 4.674 moles
Molar mass of CS₂ = 76.139 g/mol
Number of moles of CS₂ =[tex]\frac{Mass}{Molar mass}[/tex] = 410/76.139 = 5.385 moles
Therefore theoretical yield of CCl₄= 5.385 moles×153.82 g/mol
= 828.303 kg
Percentage yield = [tex]\frac{Actual Yield}{Theoretical Yield} *100[/tex] → [tex]\frac{719}{828.303} *100[/tex] = 86.804 %
b. Mass of the Cl₂ used in the reaction = 67.5 g
Mass of S₂Cl₂ produced =39.5 g (Actual yield)
Molar mass of Cl₂ = 70.906 g/mol
Number of moles of Cl₂ =67.5/70.906 = 0.952 moles
Molar mass of S₂Cl₂ = 135.04 g/mol
Number of moles of S₂Cl₂ =39.5/135.04 = 0.293 moles
However here 3 moles of Cl₂ produces 1 mole of S₂Cl₂, therefore 0.952 moles of Cl₂ will produce 0.952/3 or 0.317 moles of S₂Cl₂
Therefore actual yield = 0.317 moles ×135.04 g/mol = 42.851 g
Percentage yield = 39.5/42.851×100 =92.2 %
c. To produce 5.00 × 10⁴ kg at 83.3 % yield
We have Percentage yield = [tex]\frac{Actual Yield}{Theoretical Yield} *100[/tex], we have
Theoretical yield = [tex]\frac{Actual Yield}{Percentage Yield} *100[/tex] = [tex]\frac{500*10^4}{83.3} *100[/tex] = 600.24 × 10⁴ kg
Number of moles of CCl₄ in 600.24 × 10⁴ kg of CCl₄ is given as
600.24 × 10⁷ g/153.82 g/mol, = 39022240.023 moles
Since 1 mole of CS₂ is required to produce 1 mole of CCl₄. then 39022240.023 moles of CS₂ is required to produce 39022240.023 moles of CCl₄ theoretically
mass of required CS₂ = Number of moles ×Molar mass of CS₂ = 39022240.023 moles × 76.139 g/mol = 3088181053.204 = 3.09×10⁶ kg
Therefore 3.09×10⁶ kg should be reacted to obtain 5.00 × 10⁴ kg of CCl₄
Mass of 39022240.023 moles of S₂Cl₂ is given by
39022240.023 moles × 135.04 g/mol = 5269563292.7466 g which at 83.3 % yield gives 0.833 ×5269563292.7466 g = 4389546222.8579 g
= 4389546.2228579 kg = 4.39×10⁶ kg of S₂Cl₂
Final answer:
The calculation involves determining percentage yields and quantities of reactants and products in the reaction for carbon tetrachloride production, highlighting the importance of stoichiometry and efficiency in industrial processes.
Explanation:
The question involves the calculation of percentage yields and amounts of reactants and products in a chemical reaction that produces carbon tetrachloride, CCl4, from carbon disulfide, CS2, and chlorine, Cl2, with disulfur dichloride, S2Cl2, as a byproduct. This is a real-world application related to the manufacturing process of carbon tetrachloride and its safety implications due to its carcinogenic properties.
To calculate the percentage yield of CCl4, we use the formula: Percentage Yield = (Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield) × 100.The amount of a reactant or product can be determined by using stoichiometry based on the balanced chemical equation.The calculation of the required amount of reactant for a desired product yield is crucial in industrial processes to ensure efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
The A-36 steel band is 2 in. wide and is secured around the smooth rigid cylinder. If the bolts are tightened so that the tension in them is 400 lb, determine the normal stress in the band, the pressure exerted on the cylinder, and the distance half the band stretches.
Answer:
Explanation:
(1) first part of solution: we know stress= Force/Area ; Force= 400lb and Area as given
(2) Second part of the solution its the standard formula for Hoop stress and the formula explains all the terms
(3) Third part of the solution we know Strain= (Change in length)/original length and also the strain are substituted in terms of strain and youngs modulus
Further explanation are given in the attach document.
The normal stress in the band is 1600 psi. The pressure exerted on the cylinder is 25 psi. The distance elongation of the half band stretch is 0.0140 in
From the given information, the stress in the steel band can be determined by using the formula:
[tex]\mathbf{\sigma _1 = \dfrac{F}{A}}[/tex]
where;
tensional force = 400 lbwidth of the steel = 2 inradius from the center = 8 inthe length of the thickness = 1/8 in∴
[tex]\mathbf{\sigma _1 = \dfrac{400 }{ 2 \times \dfrac{1}{8} }}[/tex]
[tex]\mathbf{\sigma _1 = \dfrac{400 \times 8 }{ 2 }}[/tex]
[tex]\mathbf{\sigma _1 = 1600 \ psi}[/tex]
The hoop stress as a result of the pressure applied while tightening the bolts is estimated by using the expression:
[tex]\mathbf{\sigma = \dfrac{pr}{t}}[/tex]
[tex]\mathbf{1600= \dfrac{p\times 8}{1/8}}[/tex]
p = 25 psi
The distance elongation of the half band stretch is computed by using the formula:
[tex]\mathbf{\delta = \varepsilon _1L}[/tex]
[tex]\mathbf{\delta = \dfrac{\sigma}{E}\times \pi \times r_{mean}}[/tex]
[tex]\mathbf{\delta = \dfrac{1600}{29*10^{5}}\times \pi \times (8+ \dfrac{1}{16})}[/tex]
[tex]\mathbf{\delta =0.01397 \ in}[/tex]
[tex]\mathbf{\delta \simeq0.0140 \ in}[/tex]
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Which of the answer choices correctly describes a solvent made of molecules that have areas of partial positive and negative charge?
ionizing solvent
polar solvent
true solvent
nonpolar solvent
Answer: polar solvent
Explanation:
Polarity can be said to mean, charge separation. Thus, polar solvents are solvents that have charge separation and the ability to solvate i.e dissolve ions.
A polar solvent molecule has slight electrical charge as a result of its shape. A typical and most common example is water, with an oxygen and two hydrogen atoms. The two hydrogen atoms are at an angle to the single oxygen atom. Water is the classic polar solvent. The oxygen atom tends to polarize electron density to itself.
When dissolving a solid or liquid, as the temperature of the solvent increases, the rate of dissolution?
A. increases.
B. decreases.
C. stays the same.
D. either increases or decreases, depending upon the liquid.
Answer:A. Increases
Explanation:
Heating or an increase in temperature increases the kinetic energy of particles thereby increasing their motion and how they relate and react with one another.
Increase in the temperature of the solvent is directly proportional to the rate of dissolution. The rate of dissolution increases due to the increase in kinetic energy. This makes the solvent particles interact faster with the solute particles thereby increasing the dissolution rate.
Experimental Procedure, Part A.1. Calculate the mass of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (molar mass = 372.24 g/mol) required to prepare 250 mL of a 0.010 M solution. Show the calculation here and on the Report Sheet. Express the mass to the correct number of significant figures.
Answer:
0.93 g of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate is required.
Explanation:
Molarity of a solution = (Number of moles of solute in solution)/(Volume of solution in liter)
Here, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate is the solute.
Volume of solution = 0.250 L
Molarity of solution to be prepared = 0.010 M
So, number of moles of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate required = [tex](0.250\times 0.010)[/tex] moles = 0.0025 moles
We know, number of moles = (mass)/(molar mass)
So, mass of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate required = [tex](372.24\times 0.0025)g[/tex] = 0.93 g
Hence, 0.93 g of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate is required.
Final answer:
To prepare a 0.010 M solution of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, multiply the molarity (0.010 M) by the volume (0.250 L) and the molar mass (372.24 g/mol), resulting in 0.9306 g of the compound, rounded to four significant figures.
Explanation:
To calculate the mass of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate needed to prepare a 0.010 M solution, we use the formula mass = molarity (M) × volume (L) × molar mass (g/mol). Here, we have a molarity (M) of 0.010 and a volume (V) of 250 mL, which is equivalent to 0.250 L. The molar mass (Mm) is given as 372.24 g/mol. The calculation is as follows:
Mass = 0.010 M × 0.250 L × 372.24 g/mol
Mass = 0.9306 g of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate
This value is rounded to four significant figures because the molarity is given to two decimal places and the volume is given to three significant figures, making the least number of significant figures two (for the molarity).