Final answer:
Dispersion refers to the spreading of a signal where different parts of the signal reach the recipient at varying times, affecting the wave by causing signal broadening due to the speed differential of its frequency components.
Explanation:
The term that refers to the spreading of a signal where different parts arrive at the receiver at different times is known as dispersion. Dispersion affects waves by causing a broadening of the signal, as different frequency components of the wave travel at different speeds. This is especially important in optical fibers, where dispersion can cause pulse broadening, potentially limiting the bandwidth and impairing the integrity of the data being transmitted. Option C is correct .
Factors such as scattering and refraction directly relate to the phenomenon of dispersion. For instance, scattering causes the redirection of light within a medium and refraction is the bending of a wave when it enters a medium where its speed is different. In the context of signal transmission, residence time is the average time a molecule spends in its reservoir, though this concept is less directly related to the question at hand.
anna litical is practicing a centripetal force demonstration at home. she fills a bucket with water, ties it to a strong rope, and spins it in a circle. Anna spins the bucket when its half- full of water and when it is quater- full of water. In which case is more force required to stop spin the bucket circle.
Answer:
half filled bucket requires more force to stop
Explanation:
When spinning a bucket half filled it is clear that is has greater mass of water than the quarter filled bucket.
While revolving any mass tied about a fixed point we have a centripetal force acting on the bucket which makes it take the circular path during the motion.
This is centripetal force is given as:
[tex]F_c=m.\frac{v^2}{r}[/tex]
where:
[tex]m=[/tex] mass of the revolving body
[tex]v=[/tex] tangential velocity
[tex]r=[/tex] radius of revolution
From the above equation we observe that centripetal force is directly proportional to mass and square of the velocity but inversely proportional to the radius of the revolution which is same as the length of the rope between the hand and the bucket (more precisely the distance between the center of revolution and the center of mass of the revolving body). While this force acts inward to the circular path and not along the tangential direction.The revolving mass has to be brought to rest in this case the momentum of the heavier mass will be greater and from the Newton's second law of motion we have the the rate of change in momentum directly proportional to the force applied.
Mathematically:
[tex]F=\frac{d}{dt}(m.v)[/tex]
here the mass is constant so,
[tex]F=m.\frac{d}{dt} v[/tex]
Therefore if the length of the rope, and the speed of revolution is same in both the case then the half filled bucket whose mass is greater than the quarter filled bucket will require more force to stop the circular motion of the bucket.
Answer: so there is potiental enrgy need to stop spinning the bucket
Explanation:The Force of and bucket outcome is determed by the force of that i uesd to
The area under the curve of the net external force vs time graph is equal to __________ or ________.
Impulse delivered
or
Change in momentum.
Final answer:
The area under the net external force vs time graph is equal to impulse or change in momentum, representing the impulse-momentum theorem.
Explanation:
The area under the curve of the net external force vs time graph is equal to impulse or change in momentum. This relationship arises from Newton's second law of motion, which states that the force acting on an object is equal to the rate of change of its momentum. In graphical terms, when force is plotted on the y-axis and time on the x-axis, the area under the curve represents the impulse, which is the product of the force and the time interval over which it acts. This impulse is equivalent to the change in momentum of the object according to the impulse-momentum theorem.
A sailboat moves north for a distance of 10.00 km when blown by a wind 30° east of south with a force of 5.00×10^4 N . How much work was done by the wind?
Answer:
-433 MJ of work
Explanation:
Given:
Displacement of the sailboat is, [tex]d=10.00\ km[/tex] towards north
Force applied by the wind is, [tex]F_w=5.00\times 10^4\ N[/tex]
Direction of the force is, [tex]\theta=30(Towards\ East\ of\ South)[/tex]
The vector diagram representing the given scenario is shown below.
We know that, work done by a force is the dot product of force and displacement and is given as:
[tex]W=F\cdot d=Fd\cos x[/tex]
Where, 'x' is the angle between the tails of the vectors 'F' and 'd'.
Now, from the figure below, we can find 'x'.
[tex]x=180-\theta=180-30=150[/tex]
Now, plug in all the given values and solve for 'W'.
[tex]W=(5.00\times 10^4\ N)(10.00\times 10^3\ m)(\cos 150)\\\\W=-433012702\ J =-433\ MJ[/tex]
Therefore, the work done by the wind is nearly 433 MJ. The negative sign implies that the force acts in the direction opposite to the displacement.
The Earth and the Moon are attracted to each other by universal gravitation. The Earth is much more massive than is the Moon. Does the Earth attract the Moon with a force that is greater, smaller, or the same size as the force with which the Moon attracts the Earth?
Answer:
Earth attract the Moon with a force that is greater.
Explanation:
According to the law of gravitation, the gravitational force between two masses is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Mathematically, F1 = Gm1m2/r²... 1
Let m1 be the mass of the earth and m2 be that of the moon
If the Earth is much more massive than is the Moon, the new force of attraction between them will become;
F2= G(2m1)m2/r²
F2 = 2Gm1m2/r² ... (2)
Dividing eqn 1 by 2 we have;
F1/F2 = (Gm1m2/r²)÷(2Gm1m2/r²)
F1/F2 = Gm1m2/r²×r²/2Gm1m2
F1/F2 = 1/2
F2=2F1
This shows that that the earth will attract the moon by a force 2times the initial force of the masses(i.e a much greater force)
What tension must a 42.1 cm length of string support in order to whirl an attached 1,000.0 g stone in a circular path at 2.85 m/s?
Answer:
Tension in the string will be 19.293 N
Explanation:
We have given length of the string r = 42.1 cm = 0.421 m
Mass of the stone m = 1000 gram
We know that 1000 gram = 1 kg
Velocity in the circular path v = 2.85 m/sec
We have to find the tension in the string
Tension in the string will be equal to centripetal force
So tension [tex]T=\frac{mv^2}{r}[/tex], here m is mass, v is velocity and r is length of the string
So tension in the string [tex]T=\frac{1\times 2.85^2}{0.421}=19.293N[/tex]
So tension in the string will be equal to 19.293 N
At a certain time a particle had a speed of 18 m/s in the positive x direction, and 2.4 s later its speed was 30 m/s in the opposite direction. What is the magnitude of the average acceleration of the particle during this 2.4 s interval?
m/s2
a) in the initial direction of motion
b) opposite the initial direction of motion
c) direction changes continuously
Answer:
(a) (18m/s/t₁)m/s²
(b) -12.5m/s²
(c) -20mls²
Explanation:
(a) Let t₁ be the initial time
a = v-u/t
acc = (18m/s/t₁)m/s²
(b) acc = -30m/s/2.4
= -12.5m/s²
(c)The particle was at a speed of 18m/s in the positive x-direction and later after 2.4s ≡Δt, it was at speed of -30m/s in the negative x-direction.
so this imply that the velocity was first v₁ =18m/s and later v₂ = -30m/s.
The average acceleration is then:
Aavg = Δv
Δt
= v₂-v₁/Δt
= -30-18/2.4 = -20mls²
What frequencies (in Hz) will a 1.85 m long tube produce in the audible range (20 Hz - 20,000 Hz) at 18.0°C for the following cases?
Answer:
The lowest frequency is 45.01 Hz.
The second lowest frequency is 135.03 hz.
The highest frequency is 19993.4 Hz.
Explanation:
Given that,
Length = 1.85 m
Range of frequency = 20 hz - 20000 Hz
Temperature = 18.0°C
Suppose, the tube is closed at one end lowest frequency , second lowest frequency and highest frequency
We need to calculate the velocity of sound
Using formula of sound velocity
[tex]v=v_{0}+0.61\times T[/tex]
Put the value into the formula
[tex]v=332+0.061\times18[/tex]
[tex]v=333.09\ m/s[/tex]
(a). For closed end,
We need to calculate the lowest and second lowest frequency
Using formula of frequency
[tyex]f_{n}=(2n+1)\times\dfrac{v}{4l}[/tex]
If n =0
[tex]f_{0}=\dfrac{v}{4l}[/tex]
Put the value into the formula
[tex]f_{0}=\dfrac{333.09}{4\times1.85}[/tex]
[tex]f_{0}=45.01\ Hz[/tex]
If n = 1
[tex]f_{1}=\dfrac{3v}{4l}[/tex]
Put the value into the formula
[tex]f_{1}=\dfrac{3\times333.09}{4\times1.85}[/tex]
[tex]f_{1}=135.03\ Hz[/tex]
Now, The maximum audible range is 20000 Hz.
We need to calculate the value of n
Using formula of frequency
[tex]f_{n}=(2n+1)\dfrac{v}{4l}[/tex]
Put the value into the formula
[tex]20000=(2n+1)\times45.01[/tex]
[tex]20000=2n\times45.01+45.01[/tex]
[tex]n=\dfrac{20000-45.01}{2\times45.01}[/tex]
[tex]n=221.6[/tex]
We need to calculate the maximum frequency
Using formula of frequency
[tex]f_{n}=(2n+1)\dfrac{v}{4l}[/tex]
Put the value into the formula
[tex]f_{221.6}=(2\times221.6+1)\times45.01[/tex]
[tex]f_{221.6}=19993.4\ Hz[/tex]
Hence, The lowest frequency is 45.01 Hz.
The second lowest frequency is 135.03 hz.
The highest frequency is 19993.4 Hz.
Final answer:
To find the resonant frequencies of a 1.85 m long tube, calculate the speed of sound at 18.0°C, and determine the wavelengths for both an open and closed tube. Use these to calculate the fundamental frequencies, which are 92.5 Hz for the open tube and 46.3 Hz for the closed at one end tube, with higher harmonics also possible in the audible range.
Explanation:
The question involves calculating the resonant frequencies of a tube at a certain temperature, which relates to the physics concept of standing waves in air columns. Specifically, a 1.85 m long tube will produce different frequencies based on whether it's closed at one end or open at both ends, due to the formation of nodes and antinodes. At 18.0°C, the speed of sound in air can be calculated using the formula v=331.4 + 0.6T, where T is the temperature in degrees Celsius. This gives 331.4 + 0.6(18.0) = 342.2 m/s for the speed of sound. The wavelength λ for the fundamental frequency (for a tube open at both ends) is 2L, where L is the length of the tube. Thus, λ = 2(1.85 m) = 3.70 m. The frequency can then be calculated using f = v/λ, resulting in approximately 92.5 Hz. For a tube closed at one end, the fundamental frequency has a wavelength of 4L, because only quarter-wavelengths can fit in the tube, making the fundamental frequency approximately 46.3 Hz. Higher harmonics can also be calculated for both cases, but they will depend on the number of nodes and antinodes that can fit within the tube for closed and open situations respectively.
the New England Merchants Bank Building in Boston is 152 mm high. On windy days it sways with a frequency of 0.12 HzHz , and the acceleration of the top of the building can reach 2.3 %% of the free-fall acceleration, enough to cause discomfort for occupants. what is______________
Answer:
The question is incomplete or some details are missing. The last part of the question says ; What is the total distance, side to side, that the top of the building moves during such an oscillation? Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.
Total distance (x) = 0.3972m
Explanation:
The detailed steps is as shown in the attachment
Technician A says that the starter motor used to crank diesel engines can draw up to 400 amps of current. Technician B says that high resistance on the insulated side of a starter motor circuit would cause higher than specified starter motor current draw. Who is correct?a. Technician A
b. Technician B
c. Both Technician A and Technician B
d. Neither Technician A nor Technician B
Answer: Option A : Technician A
Explanation:
The statement/observation, "that the starter motor used to crank diesel engines can draw up to 400 amps of current" made by Technician A is correct.
A diesel engine uses up to 400+ Amperes of electricity to start up a diesel engine in the ignition chamber of motor engine.
If an object which weighs 100 lbs on the Earth's surface were placed on a planet with 3 times the radius of the Earth and with 5 times the Earth's mass, how much would that object weigh? Enter answer to nearest 0.1 lbs.
The object's weight on the other planet is determined by the force of gravity on that planet, which depends on the planet's mass and radius. The object's weight can be found by plugging these values into the formula for gravitational force, once the actual mass of the object is obtained by dividing its weight on Earth by the Earth's gravitational acceleration.
Explanation:To find the weight of the object on the other planet, we need to calculate the gravitational pull on that planet. The force of gravity is given by the formula F = G * (m1 * m2) / r^2, where G is the gravitational constant, m1 and m2 are the masses of the objects, and r is the distance between the centers of the two objects (which in this case is the radius of the planet).
On Earth, the object weighs 100 lbs. This is its mass times the gravity of Earth, which is roughly 9.8 m/s^2. So we can find the mass of the object by dividing the weight (100 lbs) by the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s^2).
The planet in question is stated to have 3 times the Earth's radius and 5 times its mass. So we substitute these values into the formula along with the mass of the object we calculated, and solve for F, the force, which will be the weight of the object on the other planet.
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A ball is moving across a level platform 1.6m above the floor. After rolling off the ball hits the floor 20 from the base of the platform. What is the velocity of the ball as it left the platform? Remember that the platform is level and that the ball is moving horizontally when it leaves the platform.
Answer:
The correct answer is
35.01 m/s
Explanation:
To solve the question, we note the given variables thus
Height of platform S = 1.6 m
Distance from the platform the ball landed = 20 m
S = ut + 0.5gt² therefore 1.6 = 0.5 × 9.81 × t² or t = 0.57 s
Distance = 20 m = velocity × time
Therefore velocity = Distance / time = 20 m/0.57 s = 35 m/s
Answer:
Explanation:
When the skydiver descends to a certain height above the ground, she deploys her parachute to ensure a safe landing. Usually the parachute is deployed when the skydiver reaches an altitude of about 900 m (3000 ft). Immediately after deploying the parachute, does the skydiver have a nonzero acceleration?
Final answer:
After deploying the parachute, a skydiver does experience nonzero acceleration as the increased drag causes rapid deceleration until reaching a new lower terminal velocity.
Explanation:
Immediately after deploying her parachute, a skydiver does indeed have a nonzero acceleration. When a parachute opens, it rapidly increases the area exposed to air resistance, causing a significant increase in drag. As a result, the force of air resistance acting on the skydiver greatly exceeds the force of gravity, which causes a rapid deceleration of the skydiver. The magnitude of this deceleration is determined by the net force acting on the skydiver, which now includes the strong opposing force from the parachute's drag. This deceleration continues until the skydiver reaches a new, much lower terminal velocity with the parachute open.
Four equal masses m are so small they can be treated as points, and they are equally spaced along a long, stiff wire of neglible mass. The distance between any two adjacent masses is l. What is the rotational inertia I_cm of this system about its center of mass?
1) 1/2 ml^2
2) 3 ml^2
3) ml^2
4) 2 ml^2
5) 4 ml^2
6) 7 ml^2
7) 5 ml^2
8) 6 ml^2
Answer: 5m/L^2
Explanation:
Inertial I = mr^2 where r = distance from axis of rotation, while m is the mass of the object.
I = 2[m(1L/2)^2] + 2[m(3L/2)^2] = 2m×. 25/L^2+ 3m×2. 25/L^2= 0. 5m/l^2 +4. 5m/l^2
= 5m/l^2.
Stefan's Law says:
A) that doubling the star's temperature would also double its peak wavelength.
B) the energy radiated by a blackbody is proportional to T3.
C) that if the Sun's temperature were doubled, it would give off 16X more energy.
D) the hotter a star's surface, the bluer it looks to us.
E) E =mc2.
Answer:
The Sun's temperature were doubled, it would give off 16X more energy.
Explanation:
The Stefan's law gives the relationship between total energy radiated per unit surface area of a black body and the temperature. It is given by :
[tex]j\propto T^4[/tex]
[tex]j=\sigma T^4[/tex]
[tex]\sigma[/tex] is the constant of proportionality called the Stefan–Boltzmann constant
T is temperature
So, the correct statement regarding Stefan's Law is that if the Sun's temperature were doubled, it would give off 16 X more energy. Hence, the correct option is (C).
Final answer:
Stefan's Law, or the Stefan-Boltzmann law, indicates the power output of a black body like the Sun would increase by a factor of 16 (C) if its temperature were to double, due to the relationship where energy flux is proportional to the fourth power of temperature. Hence, (C) is the correct option.
Explanation:
The correct answer to the statement 'Stefan's Law says' is that if the Sun's temperature were doubled, it would give off 16X more energy.
This relationship is known as the Stefan-Boltzmann law and states that the total energy flux (energy radiated per square meter) from a black body, such as a star, is proportional to the fourth power of its absolute temperature, as expressed in the formula [tex]F = \sigma\T4[/tex] (with sigma being the Stefan-Boltzmann constant).
Therefore, if the temperature of the Sun were to double from its current temperature (approximately 5800 K to 11600 K), its power output, or radiated energy, would increase by a factor of 24 or 16.
Show that the effective force constant of a series combination is given by 1keff=1k1+1k2. (Hint: For a given force, the total distance stretched by the equivalent single spring is the sum of the distances stretched by the springs in combination. Also, each spring must exert the same force. Do you see why?
Answer:
1keff=1k1+1k2
see further explanation
Explanation:for clarification
Show that the effective force constant of a series combination is given by 1keff=1k1+1k2. (Hint: For a given force, the total distance stretched by the equivalent single spring is the sum of the distances stretched by the springs in combination. Also, each spring must exert the same force. Do you see why?
From Hooke's law , we know that the force exerted on an elastic object is directly proportional to the extension provided that the elastic limit is not exceeded.
Now the spring is in series combination
F[tex]\alpha[/tex]e
F=ke
k=f/e.........*
where k is the force constant or the constant of proportionality
k=f/e
[tex]f_{eff} =f_{1} +f_{2}[/tex]............................1
also for effective force constant
divide all through by extension
1) Total force is
Ft=F1+F2
Ft=k1e1+k2e2
F = k(e1+e2) 2)
Since force on the 2 springs is the same, so
k1e1=k2e2
e1=F/k1 and e2=F/k2,
and e1+e2=F/keq
Substituting e1 and e2, you get
1/keq=1/k1+1/k2
Hint: For a given force, the total distance stretched by the equivalent single spring is the sum of the distances stretched by the springs in combination.
Students in Mr. Jackson's class built two containers designed to keep Ice pops cold for a
penod of time. Both containers had the same dimensions, but were constructed from
diferent materials. They put one Ice pop in each container, kept the surrounding
temperature constant, and measured how long it took for each ice pop to melt. The table
shows their results.
Container Time it took the Ice Pop to Melt (min)
1-25
2-32
Which container was most likely made with a material that had a low specific heat?
A. Container 1 because it took the shortest amount of time for the ice pop to melt, and
materials with low specific heat are poor Insulators
B. Container 1 because it took the shortest amount of time for the Ice pop to melt, and
materials with low specific heat are good Insulators
C. Container 2 because it took the longest amount of time for the Ice pop to melt, and
materials with low specific heat are poor insulators
D. Container 2 because it took the longest amount of time for the ice pop to melt, and
materials with low specific heat are good insulators
The ice in first container melts fastly because the container is made of material with low specific heat capacity. The material is a poor insulator.
What is specific heat capacity ?The heat energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree Celsius per one gram of that substance is called its specific heat capacity. It is an intensive property.
Less the specific heat, heat energy required by the material is less to increase the temperature. If a substance is having higher specific heat it requires more heat energy and it is a poor conductor.
To melt a substance heat energy is required to absorb by the substances to weaken the intermolecular forces. If the ice in container melts easily than the ice in other container, the material of the first container is made with material of less specific heat.
The material with less specific heat is a thermal conductor. Therefore, option A is correct.
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"Electromagnetic radiation travels or propagates through space in the form of a wave but can interact with matter as a particle of energy called a photon. This dual nature is referred to as":____________
Answer:
"Electromagnetic radiation travels or propagates through space in the form of a wave but can interact with matter as a particle of energy called a photon. This dual nature is referred to as" Wave particle duality (answer)
Explanation:
Electromagnetic radiation is created when an atomic particle, such as an electron, is accelerated by an electric field, causing it to move, and it is a form of energy that spreads as both magnetic and electrical waves that travels in vessels of energy called photons.
All types of electromagnetic radiation travel at the speed of light, radiation can be also described in terms of particles of energy, called photons. Electromagnetic radiation is generated when an electrical charge is accelerated. The acceleration produces oscillating electric and magnetic fields. Electromagnetic radiation ranges from gamma rays with very short wavelength to long radio waves. Electromagnetic radiation has the dual nature: its exhibits wave properties and photon properties.
Waves are characterized by frequency, wavelength, speed and phase, where as, a photon is the basic unit of all light. Wave particle duality can be explained as when an entity exhibits a wavelike and a particlelike properties though these properties never appear simultaneously.
Which Earth system spheres are involved in this particular scientific investigation on hydraulic fracturing? Choose one or more: a.biosphere b.atmosphere c.hydrosphere d.cryosphere e.geosphere
Hydraulic fracturing involves several of Earth's system spheres including the geosphere (with drilling into rock formations), the hydrosphere (with extensive use of water), and the biosphere (potential impacts on ecosystems).
Explanation:The scientific investigation on hydraulic fracturing involves several of Earth's systems, specifically the biosphere, the hydrosphere, and the geosphere. The geosphere is involved as hydraulic fracturing involves the extraction of natural gas from deep underground rock formations. The hydrosphere is engaged as large quantities of water are used in the process, potentially affecting water resources. Finally, the biosphere is implicated as there could possibly be impacts on local ecosystems and wildlife from the operation and waste produced from the process.
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When we initially detect physical stimuli, such as odors, light, and sound, we call this Group of answer choices a.perception. b.sensation. c.absolute threshold. d.difference threshold.
Answer: B. Sensation
Explanation:
Sensation is input about the physical world obtained by our sensory receptors, and perception is the process by which the brain selects, organizes, and interprets these sensations. In other words, senses are the physiological basis of perception. Perception of the same senses may vary from one person to another because each person’s brain interprets stimuli differently based on that individual’s learning, memory, emotions, and expectations.
The sensitivity of a given sensory system to the relevant stimuli can be expressed as an absolute threshold. Absolute threshold refers to the minimum amount of stimulus energy that must be present for the stimulus to be detected 50% of the time.
Sometimes, we are more interested in how much difference in stimuli is required to detect a difference between them. This is known as the just noticeable difference (jnd) or difference threshold.
Final answer:
The initial detection of physical stimuli such as odors, light, and sound is known as sensation, which is distinct from perception, the interpretation of these stimuli.
Explanation:
When we initially detect physical stimuli such as odors, light, and sound, the process is referred to as sensation. Sensation occurs when sensory receptors detect sensory stimuli, involving the conversion of physical energy like light or sound waves into a form of energy that the brain can understand, which is electrical stimulation. On the other hand, perception involves the organization, interpretation, and conscious experience of those sensations. It is during the perception process that we can identify specific objects, sounds, or smells and comprehend what they mean or represent in our environment. While absolute threshold refers to the minimum amount of stimulus energy required to be detected about 50% of the time, it is not the initial detection of stimuli itself.
A hammer is used to drive a nail into a board. Work is done in the act of driving the nail. Compared to the moment before the hammer strikes the nail, the mechanical energy of the hammer after its impact will be:
A. Greater, because the hammer has done work.
B. Greater, because work has been done on the hammer.
C. Less, because the hammer has done work.
D. Less, because work has been done on the hammer.
When a hammer drives a nail into a board, it does work on the nail, resulting in the hammer's mechanical energy being less after the impact due to the transfer of kinetic energy. The correct answer is C. Less, because the hammer has done work.
The question relates to mechanical energy and work in a physics context, specifically during the interaction between a hammer and a nail. When a hammer drives a nail into a board, it transfers some of its kinetic energy to the nail, doing work on the nail. As the kinetic energy is transferred from the hammer to the nail, the hammer's mechanical energy decreases. Therefore, the correct answer is C. Less, because the hammer has done work. This is due to an inelastic collision where some of the kinetic energy is not conserved in form of kinetic energy but could be converted into other forms such as thermal energy or energy needed to deform the nail and the wood.
Points A and B are in a region of uniform electric field. Point A is at the origin and point B is on the x-axis at x = 0.150 m. The electric potential at point A is 200 v and the electric potential at point B is 500 v. What are the magnitude and direction of the uniform field in this region?
Answer: 2000 v/m, from B to A.
Explanation: if point A is at the origin (x=0m) and point B is at the point x= 0.150m, the distance between both points (d) = 0.150 - 0 = 0.150m
Point A is at a 200v potential and point B is at a potential of 500v.
Difference in potential produces a voltage (v) = 500 - 200 = 300v.
The relationship between voltage, electric field intensity and distance is given by the formulae below
v=Ed
Where v = voltage = 300v, electric field =?, d = 0.150m
300 = E×0.150
E = 300/0.150
E = 2000 v/m.
Since point B is at higher potential than A, it implies that if there is an electron in this field, it will move from B to A thus making the direction of field be from B to A.
The electric field's magnitude is 2000v/m and its direction is from B to A along the negative x-axis.
Explanation:The electric field (E) in a region of space is defined as the electric force per unit charge. The electric field direction is taken to be the direction of the force it would exert on a positive test charge. The electric potential at a point in the field is the work done in bringing unit positive charge from infinity to that point. In your case, the electric potential difference, ΔV between point A and point B is: ΔV = Vb - Va = 500v - 200v = 300v. The separation between A and B, Δx is 0.150m. The magnitude of the electric field E can be calculated by the equation E = - ΔV / Δx = - 300v / 0.150m = - 2000v/m. The negative sign indicates that the field direction is from B to A along the negative x-axis.
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Describe the total momentum of billiard balls before and after the cue ball collides with another ball.
Answer:
The Total Momentum before and after collision remains the same.
Explanation:
Note that the balls have the same masses.
A moving cue ball has an initial momentum. After every collision with another stationary ball, the momentum, which is the product of their mass and velocity, of the balls is conserved. This simply means that the total momentum before the collision is the same as the total momentum after the collision.
This also means that the energy must be conserved as well. The balls cannot fling away from each other with more energy than you give them.
Answer:
Total momentum is conserved before and after collusion and it's elastic.
Explanation:
For two colliding balls, the general vector equation for conservation of linear momentum is giving as
Ma*V1a = Ma*V2a + Mb*V2b
Where Ma=mass of que ball = Mb = mass of billiard ball so therefore
V1a= velocity of que ball before impact, V2a = velocity of que ball after impact, V2b = velocity of billiard ball after impact.
So therefore:
V1a = V2a + V2b
The height of an object dropped from the top of a 64-foot building is given by h(t)=-16t^2+64. How long will it take the object to hit the ground?
Answer:
1.86 s
Explanation:
Given the expression
h(t) = -16t²+ 64...................... Equation 1
Where h = height of the object, t = time it will take the object to hit the ground.
Given: h = 64 foot.
We have to concert from foot to meters
If 1 foot = 0.3048 meters
Then, 64 foot = 0.3048×64 = 19.51 meters.
We substitute the value of h into equation
119.51 = -16t²+64
-16t² = 199.51-64
-16t² = 55.51
t² = 55.51/-16
t² = 3.469
t = √3.469
t = 1.86 s.
Hence it will take the object 1.86 s to hit the ground.
Four identical metallic spheres with charges of +8.2 µC, +9.0 µC, −7.8 µC, and −8.8 µC are placed on a piece of paper. The paper is lifted on all corners so that the spheres come into contact with each other simultaneously. The paper is then flattened so that the metallic spheres become separated.
a. What is the resulting charge on each sphere?
b. How many excess or absent electrons (depending on the sign of your answer to part (a)) correspond to the resulting charge on each sphere?
Answer:
a) 0.15 μC b) 9.4*10¹¹ electrons.
Explanation:
As the total charge must be conserved, the total charge on the spheres, after being brought to contact each other, and then separated, must be equal to the total charge present in the spheres prior to be put in contact:
Q = +8.2μC +9.0 μC +(-7.8 μC) + (-8.8 μC) = +0.6 μC
As the spheres are assumed perfect conductors, as they are identical, once in contact each other, the excess charge spreads evenly on each sphere, so the final charge, on each of them, is just the fourth part of the total charge:
Qs = Qt/4 = 0.6 μC / 4 = 0.15 μC.
b) As the charge has a positive sign, this means that each sphere has a defect of electrons.
In order to know how many electrons are absent in each sphere, we can divide the total charge by the charge of one electron, which is the elementary charge e, as follows:
[tex]N =\frac{0.15e-6C}{1.6e-19C} = 9.4e11 electrons[/tex]
Which seismic wave is characterized by alternating compression-expansion parallel to the direction of wave movement?
Answer: Acoustic or sound wave
Explanation:
Acoustic wave is a type of wave energy that travels through a medium by adiabatic compression and decompression, they have acoustic velocity which is determined by the type and nature of medium they travel through. They are mechanical and longitudinal waves with characteristic features such as amplitude, period, frequency and wavelength.
Examine the symbols below:
Four schematics are shown. Symbol A shows two dots and a line draw from one not connected to the other. Symbol B shows two dots and a line draw from one connected to the other. Symbol C shows vertical lines in the pattern long, short, long, and short with a plus and minus symbol on it. Symbol D shows a dot in the center of two brackets with short horizontal dashes connected to them.
Which image represents an open switch in a circuit?
Symbol B
Symbol A
Symbol C
Symbol D
Answer: Symbol A
Explanation:
The four symbols described here represent:
- Symbol A shows two dots and a line draw from one not connected to the other. --> this is an open switch. A switch is component of a circuit that is used to open/close the circuit in order to interrupt/allow the flow of current through the circuit. In this case, the switch is open, since the line does not connect the second dot.
- Symbol B shows two dots and a line draw from one connected to the other. --> this is the symbol used to represent the switch when it is closed, so it is a closed switch.
- Symbol C shows vertical lines in the pattern long, short, long, and short with a plus and minus symbol on it. --> this symbol represents a battery, which consists of two or more cells and provides the electromotive force that pushes the electrons along the circuit.
Therefore, the correct symbol representing the open switch is
Symbol A
For this case we have that by definition, the switch is a control component that opens or closes a circuit.
It is necessary to emphasize that if the switch is open then the flow of electrons from one point to another is not allowed. Thus, it is said that we are in the presence of an open circuit.
The correct option is symbol A, an open switch is shown graphically in the attached image.
Answer:
Option B
What is the difference between series and parallel circuits? Specify in words and algebraic formula, if possible, the relationships between current, voltage, and resistance in each type of circuit.
Series Circuit.
There is only one path in which electrons can flow in a circuit.
Algebraic Formulas (for n number of components)
I = I1 = I2 = I3 =In
V= V1 + V2 + V3 + - - - + Vn
Req = R1 + R2 + R3 + - - - + Rn
Vn = I Rn
Parallel Circuit.
There is more than one path in which electrons can flow in a circuit.
Algebraic Formulas
I = I1 + I2 + I3 = - - - - - +In
V= V1 = V2 = V3 + - - - - - = Vn
1/Req = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + - - - - - + 1/Rn
V = In Rn
a 8.0 * 104 kg spaceship is at rest in deep space. it's thrusters provide a force of 1200 kn. the spaceship fires its thrusters for 20 s, then coasts for 12 km. how long does it take the spaceship to coast this distance?
Answer:
40 seconds
Explanation:
Thrusting speed = V
Where V=at
a= F/m
Therefore V = Ft/m
F = 1200kN = 1200000N
t = 20s
m = 8.0 * 104 kg
V = 1200000 * 20 / 80000
V = 300m/s
Time for the spaceship to coast a distance of 12km
Distance = Vt
t = 12000/300 = 40seconds
The time taken for taking the spaceship to coast this distance is 40 seconds
The calculation is as follows:
Thrusting speed = V
Where
V=at
And,
[tex]a= F\div m[/tex]
Therefore [tex]V = Ft\div m[/tex]
Now
F = 1200kN
= 1200000N
t = 20s
[tex]m = 8.0 \times 104 kg[/tex]
Now
[tex]V = 1200000 \times 20 \div 80000[/tex]
V = 300m/s
Time for the spaceship to coast a distance of 12km
Distance = Vt
[tex]t = 12000\div 300[/tex]
= 40seconds
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A charge of −−3.00 nC is placed at the origin of an xyxy-coordinate system, and a charge of 2.00 nC is placed on the yy-axis at y=y= 4.00 cm. (a) If a third charge, of 5.00 nC, is now placed at the point x=x= 3.00 cm, y=y= 4.00 cm, find the xx- and yy-components of the total force exerted on this charge by the other two charges. (b) Find the magnitude and direction of this force.
Answer:
Explanation:
a )
Force on 5 nC due to -3 nC
= 9 x 10⁹x 5 x 3 x 10⁻¹⁸ / ( 5 x 10⁻²)²
= 5.4 x 10⁻⁵ N
X component = 5.4 x 10⁻⁵ cosθ
= -5.4 x 10⁻⁵ x 3/5
= -3.24 x 10⁻⁵ N
y component
= -5.4 x 10⁻⁵ x 4/5
= -4.32 x 10⁻⁵ N
Force on 5 nC due to 2 nC
= 9 x 10⁹x 5 x 2 x 10⁻¹⁸ / ( 3 x 10⁻²)²
= 10 x 10⁻⁵ N
x component = 10 x 10⁻⁵ N
Total x component = (10-3.24)x10⁻⁵ N
= 6.76 x 10⁻⁵ N
y component = -4.32 x 10⁻⁵ N
magnitude = √( 6.76² + 4.32²) x 10⁻⁵ N
= 8 .02 N
DIRECTION =
Tan θ = -4.32 / 6.76
θ = 32.5
with negative x -direction , south west.
One can find the total forces exerted on the third charge in x and y directions using Coulomb's Law. The total force endured by the third charge is calculated by computing the vector sum of the individual forces. The direction of this force is determined using trigonometric principles.
Explanation:Using Coulomb’s law, we can determine the forces exerted by each individual charge on the third charge. First, we need to find the distance between each charge and the third charge. We have (x12 = 3 cm, y12 = 4 cm) for the first charge and (x23 = 0 cm, y23 = 0 cm) for the second charge.
Now, the forces in x and y directions can be calculated using the formula: F = k * |q1 * q2| / r², where k is Coulomb's constant, q1 and q2 are the magnitudes of the charges, and r is the distance between the charges.
The components of the total force experienced by the third charge due to the first and the second charge can be calculated by adding the individual forces in both x and y directions. For total force magnitude use this formula: Ftotal = sqrt((Fx)² + (Fy)²).
To find the direction of the total force, you can use this formula: Tan θ = Fy / Fx. The direction of the force will be in the quadrant of the combined forces.
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The power rating on a light bulb indicates how much power it would dissipate when it is hooked up to the standard household voltage of 120 V (this rating does not mean that the light bulb always dissipates the same amount of power, assume that the resistance is constant in this case).
A. How much power is dissipated in a light bulb that is normally rated at 75 W, if instead we hook it up to a potential difference of 60 V?
B. How much power is dissipated in a light bulb that is normally rated at 75 W, if instead we hook it up to a potential difference of 120 V?
Answer:
A. P = 18.75 watts
B. P = 75 watts
Explanation:
V = 120 Volts
P = VI
I = P/V = 75/120 = 0.625 Amps
V = IR
R = V/I
R = 120/0.625 = 192 Ω
So the resistance of the bulb is 192 Ω and it does not change as it is given in the question.
A. How much power is dissipated in a light bulb that is normally rated at 75 W, if instead we hook it up to a potential difference of 60 V?
As P = VI and I = V/R
P = V*(V/R)
P = V²/R
P = (60)/192
P = 18.75 watts
As expected, it will dissipate less power (18.75 watts) than rated power due to not having rated voltage of 120 Volts.
I = V/R = 60/192 = 0.3125 Amps
or I = P/V = 18.75/60 = 0.3125 Amps
Since the resistance is being held constant, decreasing voltage will also decrease current as V = IR voltage is directly proportional to the current.
B. How much power is dissipated in a light bulb that is normally rated at 75 W, if instead we hook it up to a potential difference of 120 V?
P = V*(V/R)
P = V²/R
P = 120/192 = 75 watts
I = P/V = 75/120 = 0.625 Amps
As expected, it will dissipate rated power of 75 watts at rated voltage of 120 Volts.
For a light bulb rated at 75 W at 120 V, the power dissipated at 60 V is 18.75 Watts and at 120 V, it would dissipate its rated power of 75 Watts.
Explanation:The power dissipated by a resistor (in this case, a light bulb) can be calculated using the formula P = V² / R, where P is the power, V is the potential difference (or voltage), and R is resistance.
A. With a potential difference of 60 V (half of its normal voltage), we expect the bulb to dissipate a quarter of its normal power. Hence, the power in this case would be (60V)²/R = 75W/4 = 18.75 Watts.
B. The rating on the bulb is 75 W assuming a household voltage of 120 V. So, if we hook it up to a potential difference of 120 V, it should dissipate its normal rated power of 75 Watts.
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