Option D
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) do Makes more copies of a sample of DNA
Explanation:
A procedure to create several portraits of a distinct DNA section is termed as Polymerase chain reaction. In other words, it is a lab routine handled to compose various representations of a portion of DNA. PCR is extremely explicit and can be utilized to increase, or model, a particular DNA destination from a hybrid of DNA particles.
In PCR, the effect is regularly cycled within a range of temperature variations, which deduct countless models of the destination range to be exhibited. PCR intends to obtain sufficient of the objective DNA region that it can be examined or applied in some other way.
what type of mutation causes no change in the amino acid sequence of a protein?
Explanation:
Single nucleotide polymorphisms
Single nucleotide polymorphisms involve a change in a nucleotide base which is part of triplet codon. Because the genetic code shows degeneracy, minor changes do not affect the mRNA sequence or codons.
Further Explanation:
Spontaneous changes within the genome can occur during the phase of cell division, called mutations. These are errors when copies of the DNA are made within the cell; mutations can range from small changes called single nucleotide polymorphisms to large-scale deletions and multi-gene additions.
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A silent mutation is the type of mutation that does not alter the amino acid sequence of a protein, as it changes one codon to another that encodes the same amino acid.
Explanation:The type of mutation that causes no change in the amino acid sequence of a protein is known as a silent mutation. This occurs because the genetic code is redundant, meaning that multiple codons can encode the same amino acid. Thus, when a silent mutation occurs, a codon is changed to another codon that still encodes the same amino acid. For example, a change from CCA to CCU will still encode the amino acid proline, and as a result, the protein sequence remains unchanged.
A silent mutation is a type of mutation that causes no change in the amino acid sequence of a protein. It occurs when a codon mutation results in the use of a different, but chemically similar, amino acid. For example, a change from CCA to CCU will still encode proline, so no discernible change occurs.
These mutations can occur in non-coding regions or within exons without altering the final amino acid sequence. They are only detectable if the gene is sequenced, as they do not change the protein product.
The number of covalent bonds that an atom tends to form is equal to:
A: the number of valence electrons.
B: the number of unbalanced neutrons.
C: the number of unpaired electrons.
D: the atomic number.
E: the number of nearby atoms.
Answer: C): the number of unpaired electrons.
Explanation: A covalent bond is a type of chemical bond formed by sharing equal number of electrons between two non-metal atoms so that both can attain the a stable octet or duplet structure of noble gases. The electrons shared by two non-metal atoms are the unpaired electrons. For example, in the formation of a chlorine molecule, a chlorine atom has seven valence electrons and electrons usually occur in pairs. Having seven valence electrons means that a chlorine atom has three pairs of electron and one unpaired electron in its outermost shell. The two chlorine atoms will combine together each donating its unpaired electron to be shared, thus leading the two atoms to attain stable octet structure of Argon.
PROJECT: ENERGY FLOW IN ECOSYSTEMS Assignment Directions: Part 1: Draw and describe a food chain that shows the flow of energy between IMAGINARY organisms. Be sure to create at least seven make-believe organisms. Part 2: Then, draw an energy pyramid for at least three of the organisms from your food web. Show how energy varies as you move up the pyramid. Part 3: Label the tropic level for each organism (producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, etc). Assignment Guidelines: Drawing correctly shows connections between organisms and demonstrates an understanding of food webs, trophic levels, and energy pyramids. Drawing is neat and interesting to look at. Drawing has correct spelling and labeling. Submission Requirements: A picture and description of a food chain and an energy pyramid When submitting written assignments, please remember to: Submit the assignment question(s) and your responses. Proofread for spelling, grammar, and punctuation.
Answer:
The food chain showing seven organisms can be drawn as follows:
Plants → grasshoppers → mice → frog → snakes→ eagles → decomposers
The plants are the primary source of food in a food chain or a food web. The animals which feed on plants will be termed as herbivores or primary consumers like the grasshopper. The organisms feeding on primary consumers will be the secondary consumers like mice.
An energy pyramid for three of the organisms can be shown as follows:
mice (10 kilocalories)
↑
Grasshoppers (100 kilocalories)
↑
Plants ( 1000 kilocalories)
As the energy pyramid shows, only about 10% of the energy travels from one trophic level to another.
The food chain is defined as the relationship of organisms in an ecological area. The food chain comprises several trophic levels, in which organisms are categorized at different levels.
The food chain for the grasslands is given as:
Plants - insects - lizard or mouse - snakes - hawks - decomposers
The plants are the autotrophs that prepare their food and occupy the first trophic level as producers. The insects are the herbivorous animals or insects that are termed as primary consumers in the second trophic level, followed by secondary, tertiary, and quaternary consumers. The last three trophic level consumers are carnivores.
The energy pyramid of the organism is given in the attachment below.
The energy flow in the food chain follows the 10% law, which means that only 10% of the energy is transferred at each trophic level and the rest is lost as heat.
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How is the cell in Diagram B effectively using its resources?
Since lactose is absent, the repressor protein is blocking the genes and stopping transcription.
Since lactose is present, the repressor protein will begin transcription.
The cell continually produces the enzymes needed to break down lactose.
RNA polymerase is transcribing the genes since lactose is present.
Since lactose is absent, the repressor protein is blocking the genes and stopping transcription.
Option A.
Explanation:Lac operon or lactose operon is the genetic mechanism of the cell to produce the enzyme digesting lactose by production of lactase enzymes. The bacterial cell has this mechanism of lac operon which controls the production of definite amount of lactase only in presence of lactose, to minimize the wastage of proteins.
In the lac operon, there are cap sites, promoter region, operator region, and the genes producing enzymes. In presence of lactose, protein produced from the promoter attaches with the lactose which acts as inducer and frees up the operator sites for RNA polymerase to act. But in absence of glucose, the operator site remains blocked, as in figure B, restricting the lactase production.
Answer: Answer is A
Explanation: I took the Test
These cells are part of the domains Archaea and Bacteria.
prokaryotes
eukaryotes
Answer:
Prokaryotes
Explanation:
A prokaryote can be described as an organism which is unicellular and lacks a nucleus. Other membrane- bound organelles are also absent in the prokaryotes. Organisms of the domain Archaea and Bacteria are prokaryotes.
Eukaryotes are organisms which possess a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles. These organisms are more complex than the prokaryotic organisms. Eukaryotic organisms are usually multicellular. Examples of eukaryotic organisms include humans, dogs, cats etc.
Will cloning lead to designer babies who are denied an open future?
photosynthesis changes light energy into ____ energy
Answer:
Photosynthesis changes light energy into chemical energy.
Answer:
Chemical energy.
Explanation:
"Photosynthesis is the process plants use to change light energy into chemical energy. This chemical energy is stored in the form of a sugar called glucose. Photosynthesis occurs mainly in the leaves of plants. Very little, if any, occurs in other parts of the plant."
Why did Hooke call what he saw a cell
Answer:
Because they reminded him of the bare wall rooms where monks lived. These rooms were called cells.
Explanation:
"The correct answer is that Robert Hooke called what he saw a cell because it reminded him of the small rooms monks lived in, which are also called cells.
In 1665, Robert Hooke, an English scientist, observed a thin slice of cork through a microscope. He saw a multitude of tiny, empty compartments that resembled the cells of a honeycomb. These compartments were the cell walls of the plant cells that had once been alive. Hooke named these structures "cells" because they reminded him of the small, spare rooms called cells that monks lived in. The term "cell" in this context was chosen to reflect the resemblance between the small, enclosed spaces inhabited by monks and the small, enclosed spaces he observed in the cork tissue. This discovery and naming convention marked the beginning of the field of cell biology."
how would it be possible to have the normal amount of a hormone circulating in the blood yet still have symptoms that indicate a shortage of that hormone?
Answer/Explanation:
There are a few ways this could be possible.
It could be that the receptors in the cell that are supposed to recognise and respond to the hormone are not working (by mutation, shortage, or inhibited by another factor). Therefore, even though there is plenty of hormone circling, the hormone is unable to cause the normal signalling responses, because the receptor is not acting upon its binding. This could also be true for a variety of proteins involved in that particular pathway, maybe the receptor protein is working fine, but another protein in that pathway is malfunctioning.
Another option could be that for some reason the cell is targeting the hormone for degradation, meaning it is unable to carry out its functions even though it is present in the blood.
The possible reason for the symptom of lack of hormone with the presence of hormone circulating has been lack of receptor susceptibility, or presence of hormone degrading enzyme.
Hormones are chemical messenger that travels in the bloodstream and performs various functions. The hormones are the proteins that act as signal transducers.
The presence of hormones in the bloodstream through experiencing symptoms of lack of hormone has been due to the lack of receptor susceptibility to detect the hormone.
Another factor that has been mediating the lack of hormones has been the degradation of the enzyme. The presence of enzymes or other substances degrades the hormones and results in the lack of detected hormones.
Thus, the hormone through being present in the blood has remained undetected due to lack of receptor susceptibility, or presence of hormone degrading enzyme.
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Which statement best describes the limits of science?
A. Science is unable to answer religious questions:
B. Science is unable to answer abstract questions.
C. When scientific methods are used, science can answer any
question.
D. Typically, science is used to answer only mathematical questions.
Answer:
A. science is unable to answer religious questions
Answer:
d
Explanation:
Describe the three basic levels in an ecosystem. Provide an example of each.
Answer:
Producers: The green plants that make high energy molecule such as glucose (food) by the help of the sunlight is known as the producers.
Example: Plants and blue-green algae.
Consumers: The small animals that feed on the plants for their energy requirement is known as consumers.
Example: Rabbit, Goat, Cow
Decomposers: The bacteria, fungi and other microorganism that feed on the dead and decaying animals and obtain energy from this organic matter is known as decomposers.
Example: Winter fungus.
Answer:
Producers: There are the organisms that can make their own food in the ecosystem such as green plants and chemo synthetic bacteria.
Consumers: These are the organisms that feed on these producers to obtain energy such as the herbivores.
Decomposers: These are the organisms that break down living things to organis matter when they die.
Explanation:
the punnet square below represents the result of the cross between two tall pea plants.
part a: identify the genotypes & phenotypic ratios of the offspring (2 points)
part b: identify two offspring from the punnet square that could produce short pea plants if they were crossed. explain your answer (2 points)
Answer:
Part a:
The phenotypic ration will be 4:0. This is because all the offsprins will be taal,
The genotypic ration will be 2:2. This is because there will be a 50% chance of the offsprings to be homozygous tall. There is also a 50% chance for the offsprings to be heterozygous tall.
Part b:
When two heterozygotes will be crossed, there will be 25% chance that the offspring could be short pea plant.
T t
T TT Tt
t Tt tt
Why are GMOs a threat to a species survival?
Answer:They are nonnatural products so they could phiscally hurt the species
Explanation:
If you think about it it makes since.
What are the challenges surrounding genetics, heredity, and inheritance?
Explanation:
The study of genes that combines with an organism's environment to determine development and behavior is called as Genetics.
The passing on characteristics from parents to their offspring, through sexual reproduction is termed as Heredity.
Inheritance is the practice of transferring assets, securities, debts, rights and obligations after the death of an individual.
In biology the study of heredity is known as genetics. The method of genetic transmission and identification of DNA is the current pillar of biology.
Final answer:
The study of genetics, heredity, and inheritance faces challenges like understanding disease resistance variability, the hereditary nature of genetic and psychological disorders, and the ethical implications of genetic privacy and discrimination.
Explanation:
The challenges surrounding genetics, heredity, and inheritance are numerous, and they play crucial roles in understanding why outcomes from the same disease vary among individuals. Underlying genetic differences can result in one individual surviving a disease while another succumbs—this points to the influence that genetic makeup has on disease resistance and the immune response. Genetic diseases can be passed through family lines following various patterns of inheritance, such as autosomal dominance and recessiveness, X-linked patterns, incomplete dominance, codominance, and lethality.
Furthermore, the genetic components to psychological disorders like depression or schizophrenia are an area of active research. While there is evidence to suggest a hereditary component in these conditions, environmental factors and gene-environment interactions are also significant contributors. Conditions such as childhood obesity can also have a genetic basis, compounded by lifestyle and psychological factors.
An ethical challenge in genetics is the right to privacy concerning an individual's genetic information. Medical, ethical, and social issues, such as discrimination based on genetic information or the ethical implications of genetic editing technologies, are at the forefront of modern genetics discussions.
Gregor Mendel concluded that the tall plants in the P generation passed the factor for tallness to the F,
generation
true or false?
Answer:
True
Explanation:
In one particular experiment, Mendel took pollen from a true breeding short pea plant and cross pollinated them with a true breeding tall pea plant. The true breeding plants are called the parental generation. After planting the seeds collected, he observed that all the offspring were tall just like the tall parental plant. The offspring belong to filial generation.
A student notices that the saucer below a coffee cup becomes warmer after coffee is poured into the cup. Energy was transferred from –
the cup to the saucer by conduction.
the saucer to the cup by conduction.
the cup to the saucer by convection.
the saucer to the cup by convection.
Answer:
The correct option is A) the cup to the saucer by conduction
Explanation:
Conduction can be described as a process in which heat from an object that is warmer is transferred to an object which is cooler until both the objects have an equal amount of heat. When coffee is poured in a cup, the cup gets heat and its heat is greater than the saucer which is cooler. As a result of conduction, heat passed to the saucer from the cup until both have equal amounts of heat. Hence, the correct option is A.
In the given scenario, the heat energy was transferred from:
A). the cup to the saucer by conduction.
Conduction is described as the process by which the heat transfers from one material to another.In the given case, the hot coffee leads to the transfer of heat to the cup and then to the saucer below it through conduction.The conduction allows the heat from the cup to transfer to the saucer till they both share same level of heat.Thus, option A is the correct answer.
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The more ________________ the homologous structure, the more likely they _______________ shared a common ancestor
The more numbers of the homologous structure, the more likely they have recently shared a common ancestor.
Explanation:
Homologous organs are defined as those organs which do have different functions but a similar basic structure which denotes the divergent evolution. Homologous organs are seen in species that are very close to each other which are more related with each other in terms of evolution. For example, a bird is more close to each man than a fish, so do share more homologous organs common to man than fishes do. Examples of the homologous organs are hands of human and wings of birds. They have same basic structure like skeletal structure which is humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals and phalanges. They are similar in structure but have different functions like flying in birds and gathering food in humans.
Which statement is true of crossing over?
A. It occurs during prophase of mitosis.
B. It allows for genetic variation.
C. It occurs only in animals.
D. It stops genetic variation.
Answer:
B. It allows for genetic variation.
Explanation:
As prophase progresses, homologous chromosomes come to lie side by side and become intertwined rather like a zipper. This process is called synapsis. During synapsis, homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material between one another which allows for genetic variation. This exchange is called crossing over.
Question 3 (3 points)
Photosynthesis involves the transformation of light energy into what molecule?
DNA
glucose
ATP
water
Answer: ATP
Explanation: During photosynthesis particularly in the light dependent reaction or light reaction ATP ( Adenosine triphosphate) is produced.
The thermal energy of matter depends on how fast its particles are moving on average, which is measured by temperature and on how many particles there are which is measured by _________________?
a) matter
b) temp
c) mass
d) none of the above
Answer:
The correct option is C) mass
Explanation:
Thermal energy can be described as the total kinetic energy which an moving object possesses. As the temperature of an object will be raised, its particles will move with faster energy and hence the thermal energy will increase. The thermal energy of an object also depends on the number of atoms which the particular object possesses. The number of atoms present in an object is referred to as the mass of the object.
What is the basic definition of evolution?
Answer: Cumulative inherited change in a population of organisms through time leading to the appearance of new forms
Explanation:
Identify the molecule that is not a compound ?
O=O i.e Oxygen gas is not a compound.
Explanation:
Compound is formed when two different elements combine by chemical bonds like covalent, ionic, metallic and coordinate bonds. eg. water, SiH4
Molecule is formed when two same atoms form bonds between them, they are formed by sharing of electrons between them.
Discribe the process of natural selection.
Answer:
The process by which organisms that are better suited to their environment than others produce more offspring. As a result of natural selection, the proportion of organisms in a species with characteristics that are adaptive to a given environment increases with each generation.
Explanation:
a population of antelope has a negative population
A population of antelope has a negative or declining population when the situation possesses birth plus immigration rate is lower than that of death plus emigration rates.
What is Population?A population may be defined as the number of individuals of the same species living in a particular area at a given time.
The complete question is: A population of antelope has a negative population growth rate. Which of these conditions must also be true for the population growth rate to be negative? The options are :
Births + Immigrations > deaths + emigrations.Births + emigrations < deaths + immigrations.Births + Immigrations < deaths + emigrations. Births + emigrations > deaths + immigrations.Thus, the correct option for this question is C, i.e. Births + Immigrations < deaths + emigrations.
It is well estimated with the given equation below:
Negative or declining population = B + I < D + E.
where B = birth rate
I = immigration
D = death rate
E = Emigration
Therefore, it is well described above.
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how is motion recognized
Which of these events happens during M phase in the cell cycle?
O
A. The nucleus of a cell divides into two identical nuclei.
O
B. All of a cell's chromosomes are copied when DNA replicates.
. The cell's DNA is checked for errors in replication.
O
D. The cell grows in size by adding cytoplasm and cell organelles.
"The nucleus of a cell divides into two identical nuclei" happens during M phase in the cell cycle.
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
A series of events is a cell cycle which take place within a cell as it expands and divides. An "interphase" is most time taking phase of cycle as it develops and replicates its chromosomes then prepares for cell division.
The second phase is "mitosis" which itself have four important subphase like Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase, out of four prophase is most time taking and rank second after interphase in occupying more time.
Here the replicated chromosomes split in two different nuclei. These genetically identical cells have chromosomes which results after cell-division.
In a population, natural selection acts on
Answer:
In a population, natural selection acts on phenotype of individuals.
Explanation:
Natural selection tends to favour those organisms of a population which carry traits that allow them to be better adapted to the environment and these traits are passed on to their offsprings. Natural selection tends to act on the phenotype of the population whereas evolution is the phenomenon which changes the allele frequencies. Natural selection acts on individual organisms of a population whereas the change in populations, on the whole, arises due to evolution.
Natural selection within a population acts on the phenotypes of individuals. It affects differential survival and reproduction success, leading to advantageous traits becoming more common in successive generations.
Explanation:In a population, natural selection primarily acts on the phenotypes (the observable physical and biological traits) of individuals, not directly on their genotypes (the genetic makeup). Natural selection operates based on the differential survival and reproduction success of individuals. Those with advantageous traits have a higher likelihood of survival and reproduction, and these traits become more common in the population over generations. As a result, the population can gradually evolve.
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Which of the following is a substrate used in cellular respiration.
Question 8 options:
carbon dioxide
rubisco
the product of photosynthesis
ion channels
The product of photosynthesis is the substrate used in cellular respiration
Explanation:
The product of photosynthesis is glucose which is used in cellular respiration as a substrate. Glucose enters the glycolysis, forming pyruvate, pyruvate when reacted with pyruvate dehydrogenase forms 2 molecules of acetyl CoA. These 2 molecules of Acetyl CoA enters the TCA cycle forming reducing agents which eventually enters Electron Transport Chain forming ATP molecules.
Cell membrane and transport
Answer:
The cell membrane is the membrane which separates a cell from its outer environment. A cell membrane is semi-permeable as it is selective in allowing the materials to enter into it and move out of the cell. The cell membrane is made up of phospholipid bilayer. The tails are made up of fatty acids which are packed inward of the layer. The phosphate head points outwards. The cell membrane also comprises of glycerol and cholesterol. Certain proteins are also embedded in the structure of the cell membrane which facilitates the movement of certain molecules across the cell membrane.
explain virology in biology
Answer:
Virology is the study of viruses and virus-like agents, including (but not limited to) their taxonomy, disease-producing properties, cultivation and genetics. It is often considered a part of microbiology or pathology.
Explanation:
Answer: virology is the study of viruses
Explanation:
Virology is the study of viral : which are submicroscopic, parasitic particles of genetic material contained in a protein coat– and virus-like agents.