PLEASE HELP!
Match the action to the effect on the equilibrium position for the reaction N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g).

Match Term Definition
1.) Decreasing the pressure A) Shift to the left
2.) Adding hydrogen gas B) Shift to the right
3.) Adding a catalyst C) No effect

May someone help me match these definitions?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

1) Increasing the pressure          A) Shift to the left  

2) Removing hydrogen gas        B) Shift to the right    

3) Adding a catalyst                     C) No effect

Explanation:

Le Châtelier's principle states that when there is an dynamic equilibrium, and this equilibrium is disturbed by an external factor, the equilibrium will be shifted in the direction that can cancel the effect of the external factor to reattain the equilibrium.

1) Decreasing the pressure:

When there is an increase in pressure, the equilibrium will shift towards the side with fewer moles of gas of the reaction. And when there is a decrease in pressure, the equilibrium will shift towards the side with more moles of gas of the reaction.The reactants side (left) has 4.0 moles of gases and the products side (right) has 2.0 moles of gases.So, decreasing the pressure will shift the reaction to the side with more moles of gas (left side).

so, the right match is: A) Shift to the left.

2) Adding hydrogen gas:

Adding hydrogen gas will increase the concentration of the reactants side, so the reaction will be shifted to the right side to suppress the increase in the concentration of hydrogen gas by addition.

so, the right match is: B) Shift to the right.

3) Adding a catalyst:

Catalyst increases the rate of the reaction without affecting the equilibrium position.Catalyst increases the rate via lowering the activation energy of the reaction.This can occur via passing the reaction in alternative pathway (changing the mechanism).The activation energy is the difference in potential energies between the reactants and transition state (for the forward reaction) and it is the difference in potential energies between the products and transition state (for the reverse reaction).in the presence of a catalyst, the activation energy is lowered by lowering the energy of the transition state, which is the rate-determining step, catalysts reduce the required energy of activation to allow a reaction to proceed and, in the case of a reversible reaction, reach equilibrium more rapidly.with adding a catalyst, both the forward and reverse reaction rates will speed up equally, which allowing the system to reach equilibrium faster.

so, the right match is: B) No effect.

Answer 2

When a constraint is imposed on a reaction system in equilibrium, the equilibrium position will change in order to annull the constraint.

What is equilibrium?

A reaction is said to have attained dynamic equilibrium when the rate of forward reaction is equal to the rate of reverse reaction. We know that when a constraint is imposed on a reaction system in equilibrium, the equilibrium position will change in order to annull the constraint.

Now the effect of the factors stated on the equilibrium position is matched  below;

Increasing the pressure ------ > Shift to the right

Removing hydrogen gas  -------> Shift to the left  

Adding a catalyst      ----------> No effect

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Related Questions

Bohr's atomic model differed from Rutherford's because it explained that electrons exist in specified energy levels surrounding the nucleus. electrons are embedded within the rest of the atom like plum pudding. an atom is an indivisible sphere. electrons circle the nucleus.

Answers

Electrons exist in specified energy levels surrounding the nucleus.

Answer:

electrons exist in specified energy levels surrounding the nucleus.

What is the correct answer?

Answers

Answer:

[tex]\boxed{\text{c) Mg}}[/tex]

Explanation:

Think of it this way.

The Mg half-reaction has the most negative potential, so it has the least tendency to go to the right.

For the same reason, it has the greatest tendency to go to the left.

The oxidation half-reaction would be

Mg ⟶ Mg²⁺ + 2e⁻    E° = 2.37 V

[tex]\text{The most readily oxidized species is \boxed{\textbf{Mg}}}[/tex]

What properties must a solid have to undergo sublimation

Answers

Answer:

Sublimation occurs in solids with vapor pressures that exceed atmospheric pressure at or near room temperature.

Explanation:

For a solid to undergo sublimation, it must have relatively low intermolecular forces on the surface allowing it to transition directly from solid to gas with the addition of energy. The heat of sublimation (AHsub) is key in understanding this process, which involves the sum of the heat of fusion and vaporization.

A solid must have certain properties to undergo sublimation. Sublimation is the direct conversion of a solid to a gas without passing through the liquid phase. To sublimate, the solid should have sufficient intermolecular forces on the surface that can be overcome relatively easily with the addition of energy, such as heat. This is why substances with higher vapor pressures near room temperature can often undergo sublimation.

The amount of energy required for a solid to sublimate is indicated by the heat of sublimation (AHsub), which is the sum of the heat of fusion (AHfus) and the heat of vaporization (AHvap). This is an application of Hess's law and signifies the total amount of energy needed to change the phase from solid to gas. The equation Q = mLs is used to calculate the energy involved in the process, where Ls represents the heat of sublimation.

Common examples of substances that can sublimate include dry ice (CO2), iodine, naphthalene, and 1,4-dichlorobenzene. Substances that sublimate have unique uses, such as dry ice being a good refrigerant, because it cools through the endothermic sublimation process without leaving a liquid residue as it transitions to gas.

Bill dropped in to see Sarah. How long is it appropriate for him to stay?

15 minutes
30 minutes
one hour

Answers

It will be appropriate for bill to stay for 30 minutes.

1. When describing wavelengths, frequency is the number of crests or troughs passing through a given point over a given unit of time.

True False

2. Physics is the study of matter.

True
False

Answers

The study of chemicals and bonds is called chemistry. There are different types of elements and these are metals and nonmetals.

What is wavelength?

The wavelength is the spatial period of a periodic wave.

According to the question, the answer to both questions is as follows:-

When describing wavelengths, frequency is the number of crests or troughs passing through a given point over a given unit of time is true.Physics is the study of matter is true.

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Calculate the hydrogen-ion concentration [H+] for the aqueous solution in which [OH-] is 1 x 10-2 mol/L. Is this solution acididc, basic, or neutral? Show your work.

Answers

Answer:

[H⁺] = 1.0 x 10⁻¹² M.

Explanation:

∵ [H⁺][OH⁻] = 10⁻¹⁴.

[OH⁻] = 1 x 10⁻² mol/L.

∴ [H⁺] =  10⁻¹⁴/[OH⁻] = (10⁻¹⁴)/(1 x 10⁻² mol/L) = 1.0 x 10⁻¹² M.

∵ pH = - log[H⁺] = - log(1.0 x 10⁻¹² M) = 12.0.

∴ The solution is basic, since pH id higher than 7 and also the  [OH⁻] > [H⁺].

How much energy is lost during an average chemical reaction?

Answers

In a reaction, there is no energy lost or created because of the law of conversion of energy. The energy is just transformed from one form to others.

What is a chemical reaction?

A chemical reaction is a reaction in which the reactant are combined to form products.

In a chemical reaction, energy does not lose, it is just transformed into another form.

Thus, In a reaction, there is no energy lost or created because of the law of conversion of energy. The energy is just transformed from one form to others.

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A chemist dissolves 274.mg of pure barium hydroxide in enough water to make up 50.ml of solution. calculate the ph of the solution. (the temperature of the solution is 25°c.)

Answers

Answer:

12.81.

Explanation:

Molarity (M) is defined as the no. of moles of solute dissolved in a 1.0 liter of the solution.

M = (no. of moles of solute)/(Volume of the solution (L))

M = (mass/molar mass) NaCl / (Volume of the solution (L))

mass of Ba(OH)₂ = 274 mg = 0.274 g, molar mass of Ba(OH)₂ = 171.34 g/mol, Volume of water = 50.0 mL = 0.05 L.

M = (mass/molar mass) Ba(OH)₂ / (Volume of the solution (L)) = (0.274 g / 171.34 g/mol) / (0.05 L) = 0.03 M.

Ba(OH)₂ is dissociated according to:

Ba(OH)₂ → Ba²⁺ + 2OH⁻,

Every 1.0 mol of Ba(OH)₂ gives 2.0 moles of OH⁻.

∴ [OH⁻] = 2(0.032 M) = 0.064 M.

∵ pOH = -log[OH⁻]

∴ pOH = -log(0.064) = 1.194.

∵ pH + pOH = 14.

∴ pH = 14 - pOH = 14 - 1.194 = 12.81.

Consider this reaction:

Which statement is most likely true about HBr?
It turns blue litmus red.

It reacts with carbon dioxide to form a carbonate.

It feels slippery.

Answers

Answer:

It turns clear phenolphthalein pink.

answer above is for second answer

Explanation:

The statement that is most likely true about HBr is It turns blue litmus red

Properties of an acid

From the question, we are to determine which statement is most likely true about HBr

HBr is Hydrobromic acid. Since it HBr is an acid, it must have the properties  of an acid

Some of the properties of an acid are

Acids have sour taste. Acids turn blue litmus red.Acids react with active metals to yield hydrogen gas.

Hence, the statement that is most likely true about HBr is It turns blue litmus red

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9.69×10^25 formula units of iron(III) nitrate is equal to how many moles of Fe(NO3)3?

Answers

Answer:

160.9 mol ≅ 161.0 mol.

Explanation:

It is known that every 1.0 mole of compound or element contains Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10²³) of molecules or atoms (formula units).

Using cross multiplication:

1.0 mole of Fe(NO₃)₃ contains → 6.022 x 10²³ formula units.

??? mole of Fe(NO₃)₃ contains → 9.69 x 10²⁵ formula units.

∴ The no. of moles of He contains (9.69 x 10²⁵ formula units) = (1.0 mol)(9.69 x 10²⁵ formula units.)/(6.022 x 10²³ formula units) = 160.9 mol ≅ 161.0 mol.

During nuclear decay, if the atomic number decreases by one but the mass number is unchanged, the radiation emitted is

A positron
An alpha particle
A beta particle
None of these choices are correct

Answers

Final answer:

OPTION A.

In nuclear decay, if the atomic number decreases by one but the mass number is unchanged, the radiation emitted is a positron. This type of decay is known as positron emission.

Explanation:

During nuclear decay, if the atomic number decreases by one but the mass number is unchanged, the radiation emitted is, in fact, a positron. This type of decay is called positron emission. In positron emission, a proton in the nucleus is converted into a neutron, and a positron is emitted. This process leads to a decrease in the atomic number by one unit but the mass number remains unchanged as the overall amount of nucleons (protons + neutrons) is conserved.

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Final answer:

During nuclear decay, if the atomic number decreases by one but the mass number is unchanged, the radiation emitted is a beta particle.

Explanation:

During nuclear decay, if the atomic number decreases by one but the mass number is unchanged, the radiation emitted is a beta particle. Beta particles are high-energy electrons or positrons that are emitted during the decay of a nucleus. They have a negative charge and are smaller than alpha particles, making them capable of penetrating further through materials. This type of decay is referred to as beta decay.

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which of the following best describes what happens to the force of attraction if the distance between two objects increase?
1.it varies
2.it decreases
3.it increases
4.it stays the same

Answers

Answer:

3.it increases

Explanation:

Final answer:

The force of attraction decreases when the distance between two objects increases, according to the inverse-square law for forces like gravity and electrostatic forces.

Explanation:

When the distance between two objects increases, the force of attraction between them decreases. This principle is observed in both gravitational and electrostatic forces. The magnitude of the force actually decreases as the square of the distance increases. If the distance doubles, the force between the objects would decrease to one fourth of its original value. Additionally, an increase in mass for an object in uniform circular motion will result in an increase of the required centripetal force to maintain the same speed.

If 25.21 ml of naoh sloution is required to react completed with .550 g khp, what is the molarity of the naoh solution

Answers

The molarity of the NaOH solution is calculated by determining the moles of KHP, which is 0.002693 mol, and then using the volume of the NaOH solution that reacted with KHP. The molarity comes out to be 0.1068 M.

To determine the molarity of the NaOH solution, we need to know the stoichiometry of the reaction between NaOH and KHP (potassium hydrogen phthalate). The equation for the reaction is:

KHP + NaOH -> KNaP + H2O

Each mole of KHP reacts with one mole of NaOH. First, we determine the moles of KHP:

Molar mass of KHP (C8H5KO4) = 204.22 g/mol

Moles of KHP = mass of KHP / molar mass of KHP

Moles of KHP = 0.550 g / 204.22 g/mol = 0.002693 mol KHP

Since the mole ratio between KHP and NaOH is 1:1, the moles of NaOH will also be 0.002693 mol. We can now determine the molarity (M) of the NaOH solution.

Molarity (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution

Molarity of NaOH = 0.002693 mol / 0.02521 L = 0.1068 M

Therefore, the molarity of the NaOH solution is 0.1068 M.

The molarity of the NaOH solution is [tex]{0.107 \text{ M}[/tex]

To find the molarity of the NaOH solution, follow these steps:

1. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between NaOH and KHP (potassium hydrogen phthalate). The reaction is as follows:

  [tex]\[ \text{NaOH} + \text{KHC}_8\text{H}_4\text{O}_4 \rightarrow \text{KNaC}_8\text{H}_4\text{O}_4 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \][/tex]

2. Calculate the moles of KHP that reacted with the NaOH solution. The molar mass of KHP [tex](KHC$_8$H$_4$O$_4$)[/tex] is 204.22 g/mol. Using the given mass of KHP (0.550 g), we can find the moles of KHP:

  [tex]\[ \text{moles of KHP} = \frac{\text{mass of KHP}}{\text{molar mass of KHP}} = \frac{0.550 \text{ g}}{204.22 \text{ g/mol}} \][/tex]

3. Perform the calculation for the moles of KHP:

  [tex]\[ \text{moles of KHP} = \frac{0.550}{204.22} \approx 0.002693 \text{ mol} \][/tex]

4. Since the reaction between NaOH and KHP occurs in a 1:1 molar ratio, the moles of NaOH that reacted with KHP are equal to the moles of KHP:

 [tex]\[ \text{moles of NaOH} = \text{moles of KHP} = 0.002693 \text{ mol} \][/tex]

5. Calculate the molarity of the NaOH solution. The volume of the NaOH solution used is 25.21 ml, which is equivalent to 0.02521 L (since 1 L = 1000 ml):

 [tex]\[ \text{Molarity of NaOH} = \frac{\text{moles of NaOH}}{\text{volume of NaOH in liters}} = \frac{0.002693 \text{ mol}}{0.02521 \text{ L}} \][/tex]

6. Perform the calculation for the molarity of NaOH:

  [tex]\[ \text{Molarity of NaOH} = \frac{0.002693}{0.02521} \approx 0.1068 \text{ M} \][/tex]

7. To express the molarity with the correct number of significant figures, consider the given data. The volume of NaOH has four significant figures (25.21 ml), and the mass of KHP has three significant figures (0.550 g). Therefore, the molarity should be expressed with three significant figures:

  [tex]\[ \text{Molarity of NaOH} = 0.107 \text{ M} \][/tex]

A scientist prepared an aqueous solution of a 0.45 M weak acid. The pH of the solution was 2.72. What is the percentage ionization of the acid? 19% 0.42% 42% 0.19%

Answers

Answer:

0.42%

Explanation:

∵ pH = - log[H⁺].

2.72 = - log[H⁺]

∴ [H⁺] = 1.905 x 10⁻³.

∵ [H⁺] = √Ka.C

∴ [H⁺]² = Ka.C

∴ ka = [H⁺]²/C = (1.905 x 10⁻³)²/(0.45) = 8.068 x 10⁻⁶.

∵ Ka = α²C.

Where, α is the degree of dissociation.

∴ α = √(Ka/C) = √(8.065 x 10⁻⁶/0.45) = 4.234 x 10⁻³.

∴ percentage ionization of the acid = α x 100 = (4.233 x 10⁻³)(100) = 0.4233% ≅ 0.42%.

The answer is 0.42% just did it ;)

Explain what is meant by sp3 hybridization

Answers

Final answer:

The process of sp³ hybridization involves the mixing of an s orbital with three p orbitals to form four sp³ hybrid orbitals. This type of hybridization occurs in molecules like methane. On the other hand, sp² hybridization involves the mixing of an s orbital with two p orbitals to form three sp² hybrid orbitals, which occurs in molecules like boron trifluoride and ethene. Lastly, sp hybridization is the mixing of an s orbital with a single p orbital to form two sp hybrid orbitals, which occurs in molecules like beryllium hydride.

Explanation:

sp³ hybridization is a process where an s orbital and three p orbitals mix to form a set of four sp³ hybrid orbitals. These hybrid orbitals are arranged in a tetrahedral geometry, with each lobe of the hybrid orbitals pointing towards one of the corners of the tetrahedron. This type of hybridization occurs in molecules such as methane (CH₄).



sp² hybridization is the mixing of an s orbital and two p orbitals to form a set of three sp² hybrid orbitals. These hybrid orbitals are arranged in a trigonal planar geometry, with each lobe of the hybrid orbital pointing towards one corner of the triangle. This type of hybridization occurs in molecules such as boron trifluoride (BF₃) and ethene (C₂H₄).



sp hybridization is the mixing of an s orbital with a single p orbital to form a set of two sp hybrid orbitals. These hybrid orbitals are oriented linearly, with each lobe of the hybrid orbital pointing in opposite directions. This type of hybridization occurs in molecules such as beryllium hydride (BeH₂).



In the case of ethene (C₂H₄), each carbon atom undergoes sp² hybridization to form three sp² hybrid orbitals. One of these hybrid orbitals forms a bond with the identical hybrid orbital on the other carbon atom, resulting in the formation of a double bond. The remaining two hybrid orbitals form bonds with the 1s orbitals of two hydrogen atoms. The unhybridized 2pz orbitals on each carbon atom form another bond by overlapping sideways with each other.



The concept of orbital hybridization allows atomic orbitals to combine and form hybrid orbitals that have different energy and orientation compared to the constituent orbitals. In the case of carbon, different combinations of s and p orbitals can produce four sp³, three sp², or two sp hybrid orbitals.



An sp³ hybrid orbital can also hold a lone pair of electrons. For example, in ammonia (NH₃), the nitrogen atom is surrounded by three bonding pairs and a lone pair of electrons. The nitrogen atom undergoes sp³ hybridization, with one hybrid orbital occupied by the lone pair.

which metal cation has the greatest tendency to be reduced (a) Pb2+ (b) Cr3+ (c) Fe2+ (d) Sn2+

Answers

Answer:  (a) [tex]Pb^{2+}[/tex]

Explanation:

The metal with negative reduction potential will easily lose electrons and thus is oxidized and the one with positive reduction potential will easily gain electrons and thus is reduced.

Where both [tex]E^0[/tex] are standard reduction potentials.

[tex]E^0_{[Pb^{2+}/Pb]}=-0.126V[/tex]

[tex]E^0_{[Cr^{3+}/Cr]}=-0.74V[/tex]

[tex]E^0_{[Fe^{2+}/Fe]}=-0.44V[/tex]

[tex]E^0_{[Sn^{2+}/Sn]}=-0.13V[/tex]

Thus here [tex]Pb^{2+}[/tex] with negative reduction potential and least magnitude has the most tendency to gain electrons and thus can be most easily reduced.

Which of the following statements is true for real gases? Choose all that apply. As attractive forces between molecules increase, deviations from ideal behavior become more apparent at relatively low temperatures. Attractive forces between molecules cause an increase in pressure compared to the ideal gas. As attractive forces between molecules increase, deviations from ideal behavior become more apparent at relatively high temperatures. Attractive forces between molecules cause a decrease in pressure compared to the ideal gas.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Attractive forces between the gase molecules become significant at lower temperatures

Reason for that is when the temperature of the molecules decrease .the kinetic energy also decreases .at a certain low temperature the gases change into the liquid state . Therefore the attractive forces between these gas molecules become very significant near liquefying temperature . that's why they deviate from their original behavior at low temperature

Final answer:

Real gases deviate from ideal gas behavior primarily due to intermolecular attractions and the volumes of the gas molecules. The effects of these factors are more pronounced at high pressures and low temperatures.

Explanation:

The behavior of real gases deviates from ideal gas behavior due to intermolecular attractions and the finite volume of gas molecules. Attractive forces between molecules have the effect of pulling them closer together, which decreases the pressure or volume. This phenomenon is more pronounced at low temperatures as the lower kinetic energy (KE) at cold temperatures can't overcome these attractions as efficiently.

On the contrary, as the pressure increases the volume of the gas molecules themselves becomes appreciable relative to the total volume occupied by the gas. Therefore, real gases behave more like ideal gases at relatively low pressures and high temperatures, and significant deviations occur at high pressures and low temperatures.

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Choose the correct statements.
A. The noble gases are very unstable.
B. In the world, elements are usually in their pure form.
C. Eight electrons in the outer shell is the most stable configuration.
D. A chemical bond is a strong attractive force between atoms.

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer to your question is:  C

Explanation:

A. The noble gases are very unstable.  This option is wrong because noble gases are the most stable elements.

B. In the world, elements are usually in their pure form.  this option is wrong because most of the elements are part of compounds.

C. Eight electrons in the outer shell is the most stable configuration.  This option is correct, metals and non metals reach stability by gaining or losing electrons to reach electrons

D. A chemical bond is a strong attractive force between atoms. This option is also right, this is a correct definition of chemical bond.

What holds quarks together?

Answers

gluons because they so tightly  glue quarks together.

Which describes the role of oxygen in photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Oxygen is a reactant in photosynthesis and a product of cellular respiration.

Oxygen is a product of photosynthesis and a reactant in cellular respiration.

Oxygen is produced in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

Answers

Answer:

Oxygen is a product of photosynthesis and a reactant in cellular respiration.

Explanation:

During photosynthesis green plants manufacture their food using carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight. The product of this reaction is formation of food and oxygen gas to the environment. Therefore, oxygen is given off during photosynthesis.

During cellular respiration, organisms use oxggen gas to liberate energy from food. Most times carbon dioxide is the waste product from the reaction.

Final answer:

Oxygen is produced as a byproduct of photosynthesis and consumed as a reactant in cellular respiration. These two processes are connected in the carbon cycle, recycling oxygen and carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere.

Explanation:

The role of oxygen in photosynthesis and cellular respiration is reciprocal. During photosynthesis, oxygen is produced as a byproduct when water molecules are split to provide electrons. This process consumes carbon dioxide and releases oxygen. On the other hand, during cellular respiration, oxygen is a reactant that works alongside glucose to produce ATP, which is the main energy currency in cells. As a result, carbon dioxide and water are generated as waste products.

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are intimately connected in the biological carbon cycle. The oxygen released during photosynthesis is the same oxygen that is consumed during cellular respiration. This relationship sustains life on Earth by recycling oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Oxygen also enables cellular respiration to occur efficiently, allowing organisms to produce the ATP necessary for cellular functions.

Determine the oxidation number of Cl in each of the following species.Cl2O7AlCl4-Ba(ClO2)2CIF4+

Answers

These are four questons and four answers:

Answers:

1)  7⁺2) 1⁻3) 3⁺4) 5⁺

Explanation:

Question 1) Cl₂O₇:

a) Net charge of the compound: 0

b) Rule: oxygen works with oxidation state +2, except with peroxides.

d) Rule: balance of charges: ∑ of the charges = net charge

Call X the oxidation number of Cl:

2×X + 7 (-2) = 02X - 14 = 02X = +14X = +14 /2 = + 7

Conclusion: the oxidation number of Cl in Cl₂O₇ is 7⁺.

Question 2) AlCl₄⁻

a) Net charge of the ion: - 1

b) Rule: common oxidation number of Al in compounds: +3

c) Rule: balance of charges: ∑ charges = net charge = - 1

1 (+3) + 4X = - 1+3 + 4X = - 14X = - 1 - 34X = - 4X = - 1

Conclusion: the oxidation number of Cl in AlCl₄⁻ is 1 ⁻.

Question 3) Ba(ClO₂)₂

a) Net charge of the compound: 0

b) Rule: common oxidation number of BA in compounds: +2

c) Rule: common oxidation number of O in compounds (except in peroxides): -2

d) Rule: balance of charges: ∑ charges = net charge = 0

+2 + 2X + 4 (-2) = 02X +2 - 8 = 02X - 6 = 02X = +6X = + 3

Conclusion: the oxidation number of Cl in Ba(ClO₂)₂  is 3⁺.

Question 4) CIF₄⁺

a) Net charge of the ion: + 1

b) Rule: common oxidation number of F : - 1 (it is the most electronegative)

c) Rule: balance of charges: ∑ charges = net charge = + 1

X + 4(-1) = +1X - 4 = +1X = +1 + 4X = + 5

Conclusion: the oxidation number of Cl in ClF₄⁺ is 5⁺.

A gas has a volume of 50.0 cm3 at a temperature of -73°C. What volume would the gas occupy at a temperature of -123°C if the pressure stays constant?

f 5.0 cm3

g 3.75 cm3

h 37.5 cm3

j 50.0 cm3

Answers

Answer:

h. 37.5 cm³

Explanation:

We can use the general law of ideal gas: PV = nRT.

where, P is the pressure of the gas in atm.

V is the volume of the gas in L.

n  is the no. of moles of the gas in mol.

R is the general gas constant,

T is the temperature of the gas in K.

If n and P are constant, and have different values of V and T:

(V₁T₂) = (V₂T₁).  

V₁ = 50.0 cm³, T₁ = -73°C + 273 = 200 K,

V₂ = ??? cm³, ​T₂ = -123°C + 273 = 150 K.

∴ V₂ = (V₁T₂)/(T₁) = (50.0 cm³)(150 K)/(200 K) = 37.5 cm³.

So, the right choice is: h. 37.5 cm³.

If the pH of a solution is 5, what is its OH ion concentration?

Answers

Answer:

1.0 x 10⁻⁹ M.

Explanation:

∵ pH = - log[H⁺].

∴ 5.0 = - log[H⁺].

log[H⁺] = - 5.0.

∴ [H⁺] = 1.0 x 10⁻⁵ M.

∵ [H⁺][OH⁻] = 10⁻¹⁴.

∴ [OH⁻] =  10⁻¹⁴/[H⁺] = (10⁻¹⁴)/(1.0 x 10⁻⁵ M) = 1.0 x 10⁻⁹ M.

When is balance achieved between the forward and reverse reactions?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Balance is achieved when a reaction is in equilibrium.

At equilibrium, the rate of forward reaction is equal to the rate of backward or reverse process.

What element on the periodic table is named after the european capital where it was discovered in 1923?

Answers

Answer:

The element is Hafnium

Explanation:

Hi, Hafnium was discovered in 1923 by George Charles de Hevesy y Dirk Coster in Denmark. It's name was given after the capital of that country: Copenhagen which name in latin is Hafnia.

From the data below, calculate the total heat (in j) needed to convert 0.782 mol of gaseous ethanol at 300.0°c and 1 atm to liquid ethanol at 25.0°c and 1 atm

Answers

Answer:

You must remove [tex]\text{50.6 kJ}[/tex] .

Explanation:

There are three heat transfers in this process:

Total heat = cool the vapour + condense the vapour + cool the liquid  

       q          =           q₁            +                q₂                   +           q₃

       q          =       nC₁ΔT₁        +          nΔHcond             +        nC₂ΔT₂

Let's calculate these heat transfers separately.

Data:

You don't give "the data below", so I will use my best estimates from the NIST Chemistry WebBook. You can later substitute your own values.

C₁ = specific heat capacity of vapour = 90 J·K⁻¹mol⁻¹

C₂ = specific heat capacity of liquid   = 115 J·K⁻¹mol⁻¹

ΔHcond = -38.56 kJ·mol⁻¹

Tmax = 300   °C

  b.p. =   78.4 °C

Tmin =   25.0 °C

n = 0.782 mol

Calculations:

ΔT₁ = 78.4 - 300 = -221.6 K

q₁ = 0.782 × 90 × (-221.6) = -15 600 J = -15.60 kJ

q₂ = 0.782 × (-38.56) = -30.15 kJ

ΔT = 25.0 - 78.4 = -53.4 K

q₃ = 0.782 × 115 × (-53.4) = -4802 J = 4.802 kJ

q = -15.60 - 53.4 - 4.802 = -50.6 kJ

You must remove [tex]\text{50.6 kJ}[/tex] of heat to convert the vapour to a gas.

Final answer:

To find the total heat needed to convert the gaseous ethanol to liquid, one must first consider the cooling of the gaseous ethanol, then the condensation of the gaseous ethanol, and lastly cooling the liquid ethanol to 25 degrees Celsius. Each step requires a specific calculation, and the final heat value is the sum of all energies calculated in these three steps, with all values converted to the same energy unit for accuracy.

Explanation:

We first need to handle the cooling of the gaseous ethanol. For this, we'll use the specific heat capacity ... Given that the heat capacity (cv) of ethanol is about 75 J/mol*K (approximated because the exact value can vary), the heat loss (q1) could be calculated in this way:

q = cv * n * ΔT = 75J/mol*K * 0.782mol * (300-25)K

Subsequently, for condensation, we'll use the heat of condensation ... Assuming the heat of condensation of ethanol to be around 38.56 kJ/mol (procured from a standard table or book), we get:

q = ΔHvap * n = 38.56 kJ/mol * 0.782 mol

Lastly, we need to consider cooling the liquid ethanol to 25°C ... Therefore, knowing that the specific heat of liquid ethanol is about 112 J/mol*K:

q = c * n * ΔT = 112J/mol*K * 0.782mol * (78.37-25)K

Summing all these energies, then converting to an identical energy unit, gives you the total energy required.

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If a tree dies and the trunk remains undisturbed for 13,750 years, what percentage of the original 14c is still present? (the half-life of 14c is 5730 years.)

Answers

Answer:

18.94%.

Explanation:

The decay of carbon-14 is a first order reaction.The rate constant of the reaction (k) in a first order reaction = ln (2)/half-life = 0.693/(5730 year) = 1.21 x 10⁻⁴ year⁻¹.The integration law of a first order reaction is:

kt = ln [A₀]/[A]

k is the rate constant = 1.21 x 10⁻⁴ year⁻¹.

t is the time = 13,750 years.

[A₀] is the initial percentage of carbon-14 = 100.0 %.

[A] is the remaining percentage of carbon-14 = ??? %.

∵ kt = ln [Ao]/[A]

∴ (1.21 x 10⁻⁴ year⁻¹)(13,750 years) = ln (100.0%)/[A]

1.664 =  ln (100.0%)/[A]

Taking exponential for both sides:

5.279 = (100.0%)/[A]

∴ [A] = (100.0%)/5.279 = 18.94%.

If a tree dies and the trunk remains undisturbed for 13,750 years, 18.94% of the original C-14 will still be present.

What is radioactive decay?

Radioactive decay is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by radiation.

C-14 decays with a half-life (th) of 5730 years. We can calculate the rate constant (k) using the following expression.

k = ln2 / th = ln2 / 5730 y = 1.210 × 10⁻⁴ y⁻¹

The decay follows first-order kinetics. We can calculate the fraction of the original C-14 after 13,759 years using the following expression.

[tex][C]/[C]_0 = e^{-k.t} \\[C]/[C]_0 = e^{-(1.210.10^{-4}y^{-1} ).(13,750y)} = 0.1894 = 18.94 \%[/tex]

where,

[C] is the amount of C after a time t.[C]₀ is the original amount of C.

If a tree dies and the trunk remains undisturbed for 13,750 years, 18.94% of the original C-14 will still be present.

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*PSYCHOLOGY*
What is the main importance of withholding personal judgment against people with mental illness?

A)You save yourself from embarrassment and humiliation.
B)Disorders don't affect you, so you don't need to get into someone's business.
C)You can attempt to objectively understand a person's troubles.
D)all of the above

Answers

Final answer:

Withholding personal judgment against people with mental illness is important to understand their troubles objectively and provide support.

Explanation:

The main importance of withholding personal judgment against people with mental illness is that it allows us to attempt to objectively understand a person's troubles. When we withhold personal judgment, we can empathize with individuals suffering from mental illness and provide them with the support and care they need. Additionally, by not judging, we create an environment that encourages open communication and reduces the stigma surrounding mental health.

When deciding whom to invite to a party, you should consider which of the following?

ages, interests, and favorites of guests
time of the party
the place the party is to be held
all of the above

Answers

Answer:

all of the above I'm pretty sure

Final answer:

When deciding whom to invite to a party, one should consider the ages, interests, and favorites of guests, the time of the party, and the place the party is to be held, as these factors influence the event's success and shape the relationships among attendees.

Explanation:

When deciding whom to invite to a party, it is essential to consider all of the above: the ages, interests, and favorites of guests; the time of the party; and the place the party is to be held. This comprehensive approach ensures that the party is enjoyable for all attendees and suits their preferences and schedules. Not only do these factors play a crucial role in the immediate success of the event, but they can also impact the long-term relationships and social dynamics among those attending.

Considering the ages of guests is important for various reasons. From the practicality of socializing with children of differing ages, as a four-year-old would have different needs and restrictions compared to a four-month-old, to understanding the societal expectations and roles as host or guest in a setting. Furthermore, the interests of guests inform the activities and conversations that will resonate with the crowd. Additionally, by accommodating individuals' favorites, be it food, music, or decorations, you curate a personalized experience that can strengthen relationships.

The time of the party dictates its atmosphere and can affect the availability of your guests. An evening event may suit adults, while a midday gathering might be better for children. Finally, the place where the party is held influences the mood, comfort, and possible activities. Whether in a public venue or a private home, the setting establishes the tone for the interactions and experiences of those present.

A 45.9 g sample of a metal is heated to 95.2°c and then placed in a calorimeter containing 120.0 g of water (c = 4.18 j/g°c) at 21.6°c. the final temperature of the water is 24.5°c. which metal was used?

Answers

Answer:

Iron

Explanation:

Heat released by the metal sample will be equivalent to the heat absorbed by  water.

But heat = mass × specific heat capacity × temperature change

Thus;

Heat released by the metal;

= 45.9 g × c ×(95.2 -24.5) , where c is the specific heat capacity of the metal

= 3245.13c joules

Heat absorbed by water;

= 120 g × 4.18 J/g°C × (24.5-21.6)

= 1454.64 joules

Therefore;

3245.13c joules = 1454.64 joules

c = 1454.64/3245.13

  = 0.448 J/g°C

The specific heat capacity of the  metal sample is 0.448 J/g°C. The metal use is most likely, Iron.

Final answer:

The metal used is copper.

Explanation:

The specific heat equation, q = mcΔT, can be used to determine the metal used. By plugging in the given values and solving for the metal's specific heat, we find that the closest value is to copper. Therefore, the metal used is copper.

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