Answer: The percentage of heterozygous population is 99%
Explanation:
According to the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium equation, the homozygous recessive individuals are represented by the q^2 term
Thus, q^2 = 0.0001
q = √0.0001 = 0.01 or 1%
Now, to calculate the percentage of heterozygous individuals in the population: subtract percentage of homozygotes from 100%
i.e 100% - 1% = 99%
Therefore, the percentage of heterozygous population is 99%. Also, this means 1 out of 100 people in the population suffer from Phenylketonuria (PKU).
Final answer:
The percentage of the population that is heterozygous for Phenylketonuria (PKU), given a homozygote frequency of 0.0001, is 1.98%. This calculation is based on the Hardy-Weinberg principle.
Explanation:
The student has asked about the percentage of the population that is heterozygous for Phenylketonuria (PKU), given that the frequency of homozygotes with this disorder is 0.0001. To solve for the heterozygous frequency, we can use the Hardy-Weinberg principle. This principle states that p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1, where p and q represent the frequency of the dominant and recessive alleles, respectively. Given that q2 (homozygous recessive) equals 0.0001, we can calculate q as the square root of 0.0001, which is 0.01. Therefore, p (frequency of the dominant allele) equals 1 - 0.01 = 0.99. The frequency of heterozygotes (2pq) is then calculated as 2 * 0.99 * 0.01 = 0.0198 or 1.98% of the population.
This shows that 1.98% of the population is heterozygous for PKU. Such individuals carry one mutant allele for PKU but generally do not exhibit symptoms of the disorder. However, they can pass the allele to their offspring, contributing to the genetic diversity and the occurrence of the disorder in the population.
Describe the manner in which you would determine how long ago two species of bacteria diverged from one another.
Answer:
One of the probable ways to determine how long ago any two species of bacteria diverged from each other is by drawing a phylogenetic tree.
Explanation:
Phylogenetic tree are trees that show the ancestry of two species of interest and the relationship between them.The idea behind the construction of phylogenetic tree is darwins's "descent with modification theory".A phylogenetic tree is constructed using the similarities or differences in either physical characteristics, behavorial, or genetic buildup.Derived traits shared between the different species are the actual data used to construct a phylogenetic tree.In New York City, Mayor Michael Bloomberg has recently recommend that the city, with the help of private donors, make cash payments to poor and underprivileged parents who can certify that their children are attending school on a regular basis. The payments would start after third grade and go through high school, rising each year as dropout rates get higher and a child's forgone earning potential is higher. What economic concept does this policy represent?
Answer:
Incentives
Explanation:
An incentive is something that promotes motivation to a people to behave a certain way.
The preferences can be their needs, wants or desires.
In this case, the New York county mayor with the help of private donors are making cash payouts to poor and under privileged who can certify that their children are going to school.
The cash payouts is a motivation since the poor parents do not have money.
They are motivated to take their children to school something the city mayor wants.
Who were two of the most important anthropologists in the development of evolutionism in anthropology?
Answer:
Sir Edward Burnett Tylor & Lewis Henry Morgan.
Explanation:
Anthropology may be defined as the field of science that mainly deals with the study of the human and its behavior. The evolutionary study of human is done in Anthropology.
Burnett Tylor & Lewis Henry Morgan gave the first theory on the anthropology. They explained the impact of the society on the behavior and evolution of organisms. According to them, the development of the society is based on the order of the culture and occurs at different rate. They explain the social evolution in anthropology.
Thus, the answer is Burnett Tylor & Lewis Henry Morgan.
Answer:
Sir Edward Burnett Tylor & Lewis Henry Morgan
Explanation:
Edward Burnett Tylor is known as the founder of cultural anthropology as proposed an evolutionary theory that is progressive and include historical evidences and relationships from primitive ages to modern cultures.
While Lewis Henry Morgan invented the study of kinship terminology and also introduced the concept of universal cultural evolution. The kinship terminologies represented the worldwide classification system both in the new and old world ages.
Hence, these two play the most important role in the development of evolutionism in anthropology
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If one builds a canal linking a predator-rich pond to a predator-poor pond, then what type of selection should subsequently be most expected among the mosquitofish in the original predator-rich pond, and what type should be most expected among the mosquitofish in the formerly predator-poor pond?
Answer:
The answer is directional selection.
Explanation:
Selection types can be given as stabilizing, disruptive and directional selection and the example given in the question is an example of directional selection.
In directional selection, the phenotypes of the species take role in determining their chances of survival and in this situation the one will have the advantage over the other species in terms of survival because they were initially living in different conditions therefore they will experience directional selection but in opposite directions meaning one will have a positive impact and the other negative.
I hope this answer helps.
Building a canal between a predator-rich and predator-poor pond will likely cause directional selection among mosquitofish in both ponds, favoring traits that help avoid predation.
Explanation:When a canal is built that links a predator-rich pond to a predator-poor pond, it creates an opportunity for predators and prey species to move between these two environments. For the mosquitofish in the original predator-rich pond, the introduction of this new link may lead to directional selection. This type of selection will favor the mosquitofish traits that are better at evading predators, perhaps leading to faster or more agile fish that can escape predation. Meanwhile, in the formerly predator-poor pond, the mosquitofish there may soon experience an increase in predation pressure due to the movement of predators through the canal.
The result could be a shift in mosquitofish populations towards traits that improve survival in the presence of predators, such as more drab coloration or behaviors that make them less noticeable. This change aligns with findings from studies by John Endler and others, suggesting that predation pressure can significantly alter the physical and behavioral characteristics of prey species. Both disruptive selection and assortative mating may also come into play, as different traits become advantageous in the new shared environment of the canal-linked ponds.
Suppose we found a solar system with the property described below. In light of what you have learned about the formation of our solar system, decide whether the discovery should be considered reasonable or surprising. (a): A solar system has 15 planets that all orbit the star in approximately the same plane. The two planets closest to the star are terrestrial and the rest are gas planets?
Answer:
Surprising
Explanation:
This is surprising because the total number of planets in our solar system are nine which revolve around a central star i.e sun in different orbital paths.
Also, out of 9 nearly four planets i.e Mercury, Earth, Venus and Mars are terrestrial i.e having some land forms. Out of remaining 5 non terrestrial planets nearly four planets are gas planets (Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune and Saturn) and these planets are distantly positioned from the central star
Hence, the given discovery is surprising
In familial hypercholesterolemia, individuals homozygous for the allele causing the disorder completely lack receptors on liver cells that take up cholesterol from the blood stream. Heterozygotes have one-half the number of receptors while individuals homozygous for the normal allele are phenotypically normal. This is an example of:
Answer:
The correct answer is - incomplete dominance.
Explanation:
A inheritance pattern that is characterized by pattern in which the one allele is not completely dominant over the its recessive variant of the allele and due to its incomplete dominance a third phenotype expressed over, termed as the incomplete dominance.
In the case of the familial hypercholesterlemia, it is genetic disorder in which the individual lacks the receptors on liver cells remove cholesterol from the blood. This condition occur in the homozygous allele case. In normal people have receptors normal while in heterozygous condition individual have half of the total receptors.
Thus, it is the case of incomplete dominance.
Human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEACAM6)
This gene codes for a protein that is located in the extracellular matrix. This protein is involved with cell cycle regulation, particularly with adhesion between cells. It is thought to be a proto-oncogene. When over-expressed, it becomes an oncogene, because it leads to unregulated cell division and inhibits cellular death T/F
Answer:
True.
Explanation:
Cancer may be defined as the uncontrolled growth of the cell cycle that leads to the abnormal cell formation. The cancerous cell require less time to grow as the normal cells and they are immortal in nature.
The mutation in the tumor suppressor gene or in the proto oncogene leads to the formation of the cancerous cells. The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEACAM6) acts as proto oncogene and gain of function mutation will change this proto oncogene into oncogene. This leads to uncontrolled cell growth.
Thus, the correct answer is true.
Nicole and Camille are synchronized swimmers for their college swim team. They often work long hours to ensure the movements in their routine are perfectly timed. What part of their brains must Camille and Nicole rely on most?
Answer: Camille and Nicole must rely on the cerebrum
Explanation:
Since Camille and Nicole are synchronized swimmers, there is no doubt that they will require the following:
- movement of legs and arms, which are voluntary actions controlled by the cerebrum
- proper reasoning and judgment for perfectly timed dives, which are controlled by the seat of intelligence - the cerebrum
- long hours of practice to perfect learning, and learning of information is also controlled by the cerebrum.
Thus, both Camille and Nicole must rely on the parts of the brain called cerebrum
According to Yalom (2005), there are 11 therapeutic factors through which changes occur in group psychotherapy. Which factor correlates with learning to give to others?
Question is incomplete i have added full question in ask for detail section.
Answer:
Option a. altruism is correct.
Explanation:
Altruism is "the belief in or practice of disinterested and selfless concern for the well-being of others" (More detail in attached info graph)
Moreover, Yalom's eleven Therapeutic Factors are: (More detail in attached info graph)
Instillation of hopeuniversalityimparting informationaltruismthe corrective recapitulation of the primary family groupdevelopment of socializing techniquesimitative behaviorinterpersonal learninggroup cohesivenesscatharsisexistential factorsAccording to Yalom (2005), altruism in group psychotherapy correlates with learning to give to others. It provides members with a sense of value and significance. Option c is correct.
In group psychotherapy, according to Yalom (2005), there are 11 therapeutic factors through which changes occur. One of these factors is altruism, which correlates with learning to give to others. Altruism provides members with a sense of value and significance by helping others in the group, and this can foster personal growth and self-esteem. This is distinct from other therapeutic factors such as catharsis, which involves emotional relief, group cohesiveness, which focuses on the bond among group members, and universality, which helps members realize they are not alone in their struggles.Complete question as follows:
According to Yalom (2005), there are 11 therapeutic factors through which changes occur in group psychotherapy. Which factor correlates with learning to give to others?
a. catharsis
b. group cohesiveness c. altruism d. universality
After his journey on the HMS Beagle, Darwin made this now-famous sketch in his notebook. Which ideas does it represent? A sketch made by Darwin. A line labeled 1 branches into three branches. These branches divide as well, and so on. Descendants of each of the initial branches are composed of a group labeled from A to D.
A. All species are connected to one another in a "family tree."
B. All species are linked to one another by common ancestry.
C. Species are constant and unchanging in their present forms.
D. Species are the product of special creation by God and not subject to natural laws.
E. Species descend from other species just as naturally as children come from parent.
Answer: A. All species are connected to one another in a "family tree."
B. All species are linked to one another by common ancestry.
E. Species descend from other species just as naturally as children come from parents.
Explanation:Charles Darwin is an English Scientist, who is also an Naturalist, Geologist. He is famous for the work he published in the year 1859 where he stated the law of evolution through which most evolutionary works in the field of science has been derived.
He stated in his Theory of Evolution that all species of living organisms evolve through the natural selection inherited variations that helps the living organism to compete, survive, and reproduce favorably. To Dawning these variations may be small and insignificant. This theory tend to see living organisms as having a common ancestry, United in the form of a family tree etc.
In pea plants being tall (T) is dominant over being short (t). Also in pea plants having green pods (G) is dominant over yellow pods (g). One plant named George, is heterozygous for height (Tt) and homozygous for yellow pods (gg). George is crossed with another plant named Cici that is homozygous for height (TT) and heterozygous for green pods (Gg). What gametes will the plant named George produce
Answer:
1 Tg: 1 tg
Explanation:
The plant named George is heterozygous for height (Tt) and homozygous for yellow pods (gg). Therefore, its genotype is Ttgg. The two alleles for the height (T and t) would segregate from each other and will be distributed to different gametes. The presence of similar gametes for pod color (only "g") would make this plant to make all the gametes having "g" allele. Therefore, 50% gametes from this plant would have one copy of T and one copy of the g allele while the rest 50% would have one copy of "t" and one copy of the "g" allele.
Gametes produced by George= 1 Tg: 1 tg
Plant George, being heterozygous for height (Tt) and homozygous for yellow pods (gg), can produce gametes having the genotypes Tg or tg following Mendelian genetics principles.
Explanation:Given the genetic makeup of the pea plant George, who is heterozygous for height (Tt) and homozygous for yellow pods (gg), George can produce two types of gametes. Because he is heterozygous for height, the gametes may either have the allele T for tall (dominant) or t for short (recessive). However, since George is homozygous for yellow pods, all his gametes will carry the recessive allele g. Overall, George's distinctions are Tg or tg. This follows the rules of Mendelian genetics where gametes carry only one of each pair of an organism's genes which are then randomly passed onto the offspring.
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The characteristic of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that makes it different from other RNA viruses is that it __________. View Available Hint(s) The characteristic of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that makes it different from other RNA viruses is that it __________. can synthesize DNA from an RNA template causes hepatitis can synthesize mRNA from a double-stranded DNA template inserts into the DNA of the host
Answer: ... it stores its genetic information as RNA and not as DNA and can synthesize ...
Explanation:
In contrast with other viruses, HIV can't be got rid of completely from the human body , even with treatment.
So like stated above, the characteristic of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that makes it different from other RNA viruses is that it stores its genetic information as RNA and not as DNA and can synthesize DNA from an RNA template it carries to override it hosts DNA.
So once one get HIV, such have it for life. HIV attacks the body's CD4 cells (T cells) that wall of the immune system that specifically help the immune system fight off infections.
The mechanism of the HIV storing its genetic information as RNA rather than as DNA , it replication and infection pattern has made it standout to become a global treat.
The darker parts occur on the cooler parts of the cat's body because the enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the dark pigment is more active when cool. This example shows that enzymes are affected by .
Answer:
The correct answer is - temperature.
Explanation:
These cats have an enzyme that acts on the body temperature of the body. Siamese cats are characterized by the dark and light regions on their fur. The dark region is present on the cooler side of the body of the cat due to the formation of dark pigment.
The dark pigment formation occurs due to the specific enzymes that are affected by the temperature because the pigment is active on the cool temperature in cats.
Thus, the correct answer is - temperature.
Answer:
By temperature
Explanation:
Enzymes like proteins are affected by temperature change.
When the neuron is at rest, what is primarily responsible for moving potassium ions OUT of the cell?
When the neuron is at rest, what is primarily responsible for moving potassium ions OUT of the cell?
a concentration gradient
an electrical gradient
both a concentration gradient and an electrical gradient
the sodium-potassium pump
Answer:
a concentration gradient
Explanation:
At rest, the sodium-potassium pumps pump the two potassium ions into the cell for three Na ions moved out of the cell. This creates a higher potassium concentration gradient inside the cell. This concentration gradient moves the K+ out of the cell. Movement of positively charged K+ out of the cells make the inside of the membrane negative with respect to the outside. This is how the negative resting potential is maintained when neurons are nor firing the action potential.
When the neuron is at rest, the primarily responsible for moving potassium ions OUT of the cell - concentration gradient
Neuron Is the main component of nervous tissue in the nervous system as it sends signals by electro-chemical signaling.A neuron at rest is negatively charged within the cell is created by the cell membrane being more permeable to potassium ion movement than sodium ion movement.At rest, there is a high concentration of potassium ions (K+) inside the cell compared to the extracellular fluid due to a net movement with the concentration gradient.A High number of potassium ions reside inside the cell, a chemical gradient occurs and pushes potassium out of the cell.Thus, When the neuron is at rest, the primarily responsible for moving potassium ions OUT of the cell - concentration gradient
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What does Socrates do when he finds a man with a reputation for wisdom? What three classes of people does Socrates question? How does he find all three lacking?
Answer:
Socrates will always question any man with a reputation for wisdom. He wanted he/she to examine his/her live and become aware of their own ignorance rather than thinking that they know things when actually they know nothing.
The three classes of people Socrates questioned were the politicians, Poets and craftsmen.
He found all three lacking in the real wisdom (Higher Things or Human Excellence) as they only possessed human wisdom in their respective trades.
Final answer:
Socrates questions individuals reputed for their wisdom, including politicians, poets, and artisans, to understand what true wisdom is, only to find that their supposed wisdom falls short. He concludes that real wisdom is realizing one's ignorance.
Explanation:
When Socrates finds a man with a reputation for wisdom, he questions him to understand what true wisdom is and whether that individual truly possesses it. He broadly categorizes people he questions into three groups: leaders of Athenian society (politicians), poets, and artisans (craftsmen). Socrates discovers that each group, despite their reputed wisdom, is lacking. Politicians did not truly understand the policies they endorsed, poets could not explain the meaning of their works beyond the surface level, and artisans, while skilled in their crafts, mistakenly believed their technical expertise extended to other areas of knowledge as well. This exploration led to Socrates' realization that true wisdom comes from acknowledging one's ignorance, a revelation that aligns with the Oracle at Delphi's pronouncement of him as the wisest among men for his recognition that human wisdom has little value.
In Black Boy, the young Richard Wright associates the bitterness and pain he feels over being abandoned by his father with __________.
Answer:
the pain he feels when he is hungry
Explanation:
Black Boy is a memoir that was written by the author Richard Wright in which he describes in detail what it was like for him growing up in the South as well as moving to Chicago in order to start his career. In this memoir he associates the bitterness and pain he feels over being abandoned by his father with the pain he feels when he is hungry
A species of fish living in a stream displays variation in body color. Fifty years ago, most of the fish were light colored but a few were dark colored. Over time, the clear water of the stream became cloudy and the population of dark-colored fish increased. Which statement explains why more dark colored fish were found after the water became cloudy
Answer:
More dark colored fish survived long enough to reproduce
Explanation:
The rule of natural selection selection is that, survival is for the fittest.
For natural selection to occur, there must be a variation between the group of species and reproduction where the superior genes can be passed to the offsprings.
In this case, the variation was some fish were dark others were light colored.
When the water turned cloudy the dark colored fish were able to survive long enough to reproduce compared to the light colored fish.
Final answer:
The increase in dark-colored fish in a stream after the water became cloudy is an example of directional selection, where the murkier conditions provided a survival advantage to dark-colored fish. In the situation with two species of sympatrically speciated fish, pollution could lead to interbreeding due to impaired visual signaling. Changes in DOC levels demonstrated how species can affect their environments, impacting ecological relationships.
Explanation:
The question deals with the concept of natural selection and how environmental changes can influence the traits within a population. In the given scenario, after the stream water became cloudy, the population of dark-colored fish increased. This could be explained by directional selection, where certain traits become more favorable due to changes in the environment. In this case, the dark coloration likely provided better camouflage in the murky water, resulting in higher survival rates for dark-colored fish. Over time, these fish reproduce more successfully than the light-colored fish, leading to more dark-colored offspring and a shift in the population's color variation.
In the case of the two species of fish that had undergone sympatric speciation, the inability of females to distinguish colors due to the polluted, cloudy lake could lead to a breakdown in reproductive isolation. Without clear visual cues, there may be an increase in interbreeding between the two species, potentially leading to hybrid offspring.
An interesting observation related to the environment's impact on species was noted in tanks with two-species fish versus single-species fish. The introduction and increase of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) altered the water clarity and had a significant effect on ecological dynamics, showing the complex interactions between species and their environments.
Bacteria can regulate gene expression due to changes in the environment. How are these changes communicated to the cell?
Bacteria adjust their gene expression to environmental changes through mechanisms such as production of alarmones, quorum sensing, and use of regulatory molecules like repressors, activators, and inducers.
Explanation:Bacteria can regulate gene expression in response to environmental changes through different mechanisms. When exposed to different environmental cues, such as change in nutrient levels or cell density, bacteria can adjust their gene transcription to favor survival. They achieve this using alarmones, intracellular molecules produced in relation to environmental stressors.
Some bacteria employ quorum sensing, a mechanism where they produce chemical signals that detect population density and regulate gene expression accordingly. Further, bacteria can alter the sigma factor of their RNA polymerase in accordance with environmental conditions, enabling a more global change in regulon transcription.
Last but not least, bacteria have certain regulatory molecules such as repressors, activators, and inducers that can affect gene transcription. Activators and repressors are cellularly-produced proteins that control gene transcription by binding to specific DNA sites. Inducers, on the other hand, are small molecules that may be produced by the cell or present in its environment. Their role is to activate or repress transcription based on the cell's needs and substrate availability.
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What organ system is often the first to show signs and symptoms in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)?
Answer: RESPIRATORY ORGAN
Explanation:
Respiratory failure is common in the first 72 hours. Subsequently, one might see liver failure (5–7 days), gastrointestinal bleeding (10–15 days) and kidney failure (11–17 days).
DNA replication involves producing new copies of DNA molecules. How many individual DNA strands exist after one molecule of DNA has been replicated? A. 3 B. 4 C. 2 D. 1
After one molecule of DNA has been replicated, there are four individual DNA strands.
Because during DNA replication, two strands of the parent DNA are unwound and copied to synthesize two new complementary strands, resulting in the formation of two separate double-stranded DNA molecules.
Tuberculosis (TB) is an example of an infectious disease that has been largely controlled in developed countries like the United States but remains a major cause of death in developing countries. Tuberculosis (TB) is an example of an infectious disease that has been largely controlled in developed countries like the United States but remains a major cause of death in developing countries. True False
Answer: True
Explanation:
Tuberculosis(TB) is most common in developing countries where many people live in absolute poverty, than in developed countries.
In underdeveloped and developing countries people lack proper education on the spread of tuberculosis, they live and work in poorly ventilated and overcrowded conditions, which provide ideal conditions for TB bacteria to spread.
In developing countries where people have limited access to healthcare system, people with HIV who are more susceptible to TB, lack proper healthcare suffer from malnutrition and can't build a resistance to the disease. In this conditions TB is bound to spread.
Developed countries have largely controlled TB by improving the life of it citizens, provision of healthcare, education etc
Which two statements are true about dehydration synthesis?
A. An OH group from one component and an H atom from the other form a water molecule.
B. Polymers are broken down into shorter chains or monomers.
C. Monomers or polymers are joined to form longer chains.
D. A molecule of water is consumed.
E. Its atoms are added to a bond, putting an OH group on one end and a hydrogen atom on the other.
Answer:
A. An OH group from one component and an H atom from the other form a water molecule.
C. Monomers or polymers are joined to form longer chains.
Explanation:
Dehydration reactions are the ones in which a water molecule is released during the formation of a covalent bond. Since these are "synthesis" reactions, complex molecules are formed from the simpler monomers. Therefore, dehydration synthesis refers to the reactions that form complex polymers by joining the monomers together.
For example, when a peptide bond is formed between two amino acids, OH group from one amino acid and "H" from the other amino acid join together and are released in the form of "H2O". A covalent bond is formed between the two amino acids. many amino acids are joined together in this way to form long polypeptide chains.
Dehydration synthesis involves the formation of longer chains by joining monomers or polymers together, accompanied by the removal of a water molecule.
Explanation:The two statements that are true about dehydration synthesis are:
An OH group from one component and an H atom from the other form a water molecule. During dehydration synthesis, a water molecule is removed as two monomers or polymers join together to form a longer chain. The OH group from one molecule combines with the H atom from the other to form water.A molecule of water is consumed. Dehydration synthesis involves the loss of water, meaning that a molecule of water is used up during the process of joining monomers or polymers together.Learn more about Dehydration synthesis here:https://brainly.com/question/31871321
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During the Carboniferous period, forests consisting mainly of produced vast quantities of organic matter, which was buried and later became coal. A) giant woody mosses C) ferns and other seedless plants B) gymnosperms D) angiosperms
Answer:
Option (C)
Explanation:
The Carboniferous period is one of the important periods of the Paleozoic era, which started about 360 million years back and ended by about 300 million years back.
The Carboniferous period is characterized by the presence of swampy forests, where the dominant plants were the ferns, club mosses, some primitive conifers and other types of seedless plants.
These plants were abundantly present covering a large portion and comprised of vast quantities of organic matter, which were later buried and transformed into the Carboniferous coal.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C).
Final answer:
During the Carboniferous period, forests of ferns and other seedless vascular plants like club mosses and horsetails contributed to the formation of coal deposits.
Explanation:
During the Carboniferous period, forests consisting mainly of ferns and other seedless plants produced vast quantities of organic matter, which was buried and later became coal. Vast swamp forests of club mosses and horsetails, some reaching heights of more than 30 meters, were prevalent. These plants had evolved vascular tissues, well-defined leaves, and root systems, which allowed them to grow large and become major contributors to the coal deposits that characterize the Carboniferous period. As seedless vascular plants, the sporophyte generation became dominant in these species, and the massive amounts of carbon they deposited eventually turned into coal.
Edward Jenner noticed that the milkmaids who milked cows by hand often were infected with cowpox and that their infections were mild. He also noticed that these same milkmaids did not contract smallpox, which was a much more serious disease. He presumed that the cowpox infections prevented the milkmaids from contracting the much more serious disease of smallpox. Subsequently he began vaccinating people with the pus-like material from cowpox lesions to determine if his thinking was correct. In the story above, the underlined portion is a(n):____________
A. Hypothesis
B. Observation
C. Theory
D. Experiment
Answer:
Hypothesis.
Explanation:
The science mainly deals with the study of the nature and the natural phenomena. Different fields of science are chemistry, biology, physics, geology and maths.
Hypothesis may be defined as the complete explanation of the particular phenomena mainly on the observation of the individual. A scientific hypothesis can be converted into a theory if tested by the scientific experiments. Here, Edward Jenner based on his observation predicts the hypothesis about vaccination.
Thus, the correct answer is option (A).
Aerobic literally means "without oxygen." Aerobic activity is high-intensity activity. Group of answer choices True False
Answer: False
Explanation:
Anaerobic means the absence of oxygen while aerobic means the present of oxygen. Anaerobic exercise do not utilize oxygen as energy source, it uses energy from the break down of glucose in the muscles. This exercise is of short length, fast and of high-intensity. A lot of energy is released within a small period of time.
Biologically anaerobic exercise must be fueled using glucose through a process called glycolysis in the muscles cells.
The break down of glucose during high-intensity training without oxygen, producing energy quickly. Because it occurs in the absence of oxygen this process also produces lactate, which is the metabolic fate if glucose in anaerobic condition.
High concentration of lactate is the reason why your muscles get so tired after the energy burst.
You are given a 1 liter bacterial culture in exponential stage of growth. The generation time of the bacteria is known to be 30 minutes. When given to you the concentration of bacteria is 2x10^3 bacteria per ml (milliliter). Assuming space and nutrients are unlimited during your experiments. How many total bacteria would you after five hours of growth?
a. 2,048,000,000 bacteria
b. 4,096,000 bacteria
c. 1,024,000 bacteria
d. None of the answers given
e. 2,048,000 bacteria
f. 1,024,000,000 bacteria
Answer:
Option-A
Explanation:
A bacteria divides by binary fission which divides a parent bacteria into the two daughter cells and generation time refers to the average time difference between two consecutive generations.
The bacterial cell grows by the exponential function that is by [tex]2^{number of generation}[/tex] x initial population of bacteria.
In the given question,
Initial population
the initial population of bacteria - 2x 10³ per ml
So per liter, the bacterial population will be 2 x 10 ⁶
Generation time
1 generation time of bacteria is 30 min.
so 5 hours will have- [tex]\frac{300}{30}[/tex]= 10 generations
New bacterial population
Using formula [tex]2^{number of generation}[/tex] x initial population of bacteria
[tex]2^{10}[/tex] x (2 x 10⁶)
= 1048 x (2 x 10⁶)
2048 x 10⁶
Thus, Option-A is the correct answer.
After five hours of growth, the total number of bacteria would be A. 2,048,000,000.
To determine the total number of bacteria after five hours of growth, we need to understand the concept of exponential growth in bacteria and apply the relevant calculations step by step.
Step 1: Understand the Initial Conditions
You started with a concentration of bacteria: 2 x 10^3 bacteria/ml.
Since you have 1 liter of culture, we convert liters to milliliters:
1 liter = 1000 ml.
Therefore, the total number of bacteria initially is:
Initial number of bacteria = 2 x 10³, bacteria/ml x 1000 ml
= 2 x 10⁶ bacteria
Step 2: Determine the Doubling Time
The generation (doubling) time is given as 30 minutes.
To find out how many generations occur in five hours, first convert hours to minutes: 5 hours = 300 minutes.
The number of generations, [tex]n[/tex], can be calculated as:
[tex]n = \frac{\text{Total time}}{\text{Generation time}} = \frac{300 \, \text{minutes}}{30 \, \text{minutes/generation}} = 10 \text{ generations}[/tex]
Step 3: Calculate the Total Number of Bacteria
The formula for exponential growth is:
Final number of bacteria = Initial number x 2ⁿ
Substituting in the numbers:
Final number of bacteria = 2 x 10⁶ x 2¹⁰
We know that [tex]2^{10} = 1024[/tex], so:
Final number of bacteria = 2 x 10⁶ x 1024
= 2.048 x 10⁹
= 2,048,000,000 bacteria
______________ are agents (e.g., chemicals, viruses) that can reach the embryo or fetus and cause it harm.
Answer:
These agents are known as teratogens.
Explanation:
Teratogens impair or cause abnormal development and growth of the embryos or fetuses exposed to them. During prenatal development, the embryonic stage is the most susceptible to teratogens because at this time there is formation of major organs and limb buds. Birth defects are a common sign of such exposure.
A couple has a 75 percent chance of conceiving a child with a lifelong, painful genetic disorder. Who makes the decision about whether the couple should try to conceive?
Answer:
c. the prospective parents
Explanation:
Based on the information provided within the question it can be said that in this scenario the decision of whether or not the couple should try to conceive is ultimately decided by the prospective parents. This is because they are the ones who will conceive the baby and will have to take care of the baby for as long as they live. Making sure that the baby has all that it needs in order to be as happy and healthy as possible.
The ___________________ is the space between two neurons where the axon of a sending neuron communicates with the dendrites of a receiving neuron.
Answer:
synoptic cleft
Explanation:
synoptic cleft is the space in between the two neurons