Nitroglycerin is a dangerous powerful explosive that violently decomposes when it is shaken or dropped. The Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel (1833-1896) founded the Nobel Prizes with a fortune he made by inventing dynamite, a mixture of nitroglycerin and inert ingredients that was safe to handle.

1. Write a balanced chemical equation, including physical state symbols, for the decomposition of liquid nitroglycerin ( C 3 H 5 NO 3 3 ) into gaseous dinitrogen, gaseous dioxygen, gaseous water and gaseous carbon dioxide.

2. Suppose 69.0 L of carbon dioxide gas are produced by this reaction, at a temperature of − 5.0 °C and pressure of exactly 1 atm . Calculate the mass of nitroglycerin that must have reacted. Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.

Answer:

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Explanation:

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Answer: The boiling point of water in Tibet is 69.9°C

Explanation:

To calculate the boiling point of water in Tibet, we use the Clausius-Clayperon equation, which is:

[tex]\ln(\frac{P_2}{P_1})=\frac{\Delta H}{R}[\frac{1}{T_1}-\frac{1}{T_2}][/tex]

where,

[tex]P_1[/tex] = initial pressure which is the pressure at normal boiling point = 1 atm = 760 mmHg      (Conversion factor:  1 atm = 760 mmHg)

[tex]P_2[/tex] = final pressure = 240. mmHg

[tex]\Delta H_{vap}[/tex] = Heat of vaporization = 40.7 kJ/mol = 40700 J/mol     (Conversion factor: 1 kJ = 1000 J)

R = Gas constant = 8.314 J/mol K

[tex]T_1[/tex] = initial temperature or normal boiling point of water = [tex]100^oC=[100+273]K=373K[/tex]

[tex]T_2[/tex] = final temperature = ?

Putting values in above equation, we get:

[tex]\ln(\frac{240}{760})=\frac{40700J/mol}{8.314J/mol.K}[\frac{1}{373}-\frac{1}{T_2}]\\\\-1.153=4895.36[\frac{T_2-373}{373T_2}]\\\\T_2=342.9K[/tex]

Converting the temperature from kelvins to degree Celsius, by using the conversion factor:

[tex]T(K)=T(^oC)+273[/tex]

[tex]342.9=T(^oC)+273\\T(^oC)=(342.9-273)=69.9^oC[/tex]

Hence, the boiling point of water in Tibet is 69.9°C

Answer:

There is 1.29 grams of O2 produced.

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

Mass of ammonium perchlorate 3.8 grams

Molar mass of ammonium perchlorate = 117.49 g/mol

Step 2: The balanced equation

4NH4ClO4 → 5O2 + 6H2O + 2N2 + 4HCl

Step 3: Calculate moles of NH4ClO4

Moles NH4ClO4 = mass NH4ClO4 / molar mass NH4ClO4

Moles NH4ClO4 = 3.80 grams / 117.49 g/mol

Moles NH4ClO4 = 0.0323 moles

Step 4: Calculate moles of O2

For 4 moles of ammonium perchlorate consumed, we produce 5 moles O2, 6 moles H2O, 2 moles N2 and 4 moles HCl

For 0.0323 moles NH4ClO4 we'll have 5/4 * 0.0323 = 0.040375 moles of O2

Step 5: Calculate mass of O2

Mass O2 = moles O2 * molar mass O2

Mass O2 = 0.040375 moles * 32 g/mol

Mass O2 = 1.29 grams

There is 1.29 grams of O2 produced.

The mass of oxygen gas produced by the reaction of 3.8 g g ammonium perchlorate is 1.03 grams.

The balanced equation for the reaction of ammonium perchlorate is:

NH₄ClO₄ → 2H₂O + 2HCl + O₂

For every 1 mole of ammonium perchlorate, 1 mole of oxygen gas (O₂) is produced.

The molar mass of ammonium perchlorate (NH₄ClO₄) is calculated as follows:

NH₄ClO₄: (1 × 14.01 g/mol) + (4 × 1.01 g/mol) + (1×* 35.45 g/mol) + (4 × 16.00 g/mol) = 117.49 g/mol

Moles of NH₄ClO₄ = mass / molar mass = 3.8 g / 117.49 g/mol

For every mole of ammonium perchlorate, 1 mole of oxygen gas is produced. Therefore, the number of moles of oxygen gas produced is equal to the number of moles of ammonium perchlorate.

Moles of O₂ = Moles of NH₄ClO₄

Mass of O₂ = moles of O₂ × molar mass of O₂

Mass of O₂ = moles of O₂ × molar mass of O₂ = moles of NH₄ClO₄ × molar mass of O₂

Mass of O₂ = (3.8 g / 117.49 g/mol) × 32.00 g/mol = 1.03 g

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Answer: The given metal is iron.

Explanation:

We are given:

The electrons in 3d-shell = 5

When the metal is present in a transition series (here it is present in first transition series), the removal of valence electron takes place from '4s' shell first and then from '3d' shell

Electronic configuration is defined as the representation of electrons around the nucleus of an atom.

Number of electrons in an atom is determined by the atomic number of that atom.

Inner shell electrons for the given element = 18

Total number of electrons in the ion = 18 + 5 = 23

We are given:

Charge on the ion = +3

To calculate the number of electrons, we use the equation:

Number of electrons = Atomic number - charge

Atomic number = 23 + 3 = 26

The element having atomic number '26' is iron

Hence, the given metal is iron.

Answer: the metal is Iron (Fe)

Explanation: The original electronic configuration of Fe is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d6 4s2

Because it has no charge. The electronic configuration will change from the original because the metal has a charge of +3, Fe is element number 26 on the periodic table b ut with the +3 charge, the element number will change to 23 i.e 26-(+3) =23

The configuration for Fe3+ is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5, it automatically had 5 electron in 3d shell

Answer:

ν =  5.53 x 10⁶ Hz

Explanation:

The frequency of a radiation, ν ,is inversely  propotional  to its wavelength, and is given  by:

ν =  c/λ  where

ν = frequency

c: speed of light, 3 x 10⁸ m/s

λ: wavelength in m

Think of frequency as the number of waves per second.

We can directly compute the answer by first converting the wavelength to m for unit consistency and then plugging the values.

1 m = 10⁹ nm

543 nm x ( 1 m /  10⁹ nm ) = 5.43 x 10⁻⁷ m

ν =  c/λ  = 3 x 10⁸ m/s / 5.43 x 10⁻⁷ m = 5.53x 10¹⁴ s⁻¹

In the metric system the unit s⁻¹ is called Hertz.

ν = 5.53 x 10¹⁴  Hz

The frequency of green light with a wavelength of 543 nm is approximately 5.52 x 10^14 Hz.

The frequency of electromagnetic waves can be calculated using the equation: frequency = speed of light / wavelength. In this case, we have a wavelength of 543 nm and the speed of light is 3.00 x 10^8 m/s. First, we need to convert the wavelength to meters. There are 1 x 10^9 nm in a meter, so the wavelength is 543 x 10^-9 m. Plugging these values into the equation, the frequency of the green light is approximately 5.52 x 10^14 Hz.

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Answer: The least soluble will be Na2SO4

Explanation:

C6H12, is the chemical formula for cyclohexane, a ORGANIC compound and volatile liquid.

Recall that, organic solvents do dissolve organic solutes. Now, of all the substances given in the options, NA2SO4 is the most ionic and inorganic as well.

Thus, it will be the least soluble

The substance which would be least soluble in C6H12 is; Choice B; Na2SO4

Solubility of Organic compounds

By convention, organic compounds are veryich soluble in organic compounds.

Hence, compounds C2H6 and CH3CH2OH would be very much soluble in the compound, C6H12.

The compound which is least soluble in C6H12 is the inorganic and highly ionic Na2SO4.

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Answer: amount = 2466.95L

Explanation:

given that the speed is = 1900./kmh i.e. 1hr/900km

distance = 1050km

the fuel burns at a rate of 74.4 L/min

therefore the amount of fuel that the jet consumes on a 1050.km becomes;

total fuel used = time × fuel burning rate

where time = distance / speed

∴ total fuel used (consumed) = time × fuel burning rate

total fuel consumed = (1050km × 1hr/1900km) × (60min/ 1hr × 74.4L/1min)

total fuel consumed = 2466.95L

Answer:

134.8 seconds is the half-life (in seconds) of the reaction for the initial [tex]C_2F_4[/tex] concentration

Explanation:

Half life for second order kinetics is given by:

[tex]t_{\frac{1}{2}=\frac{1}{k\times a_0}[/tex]

Integrated rate law for second order kinetics is given by:

[tex]\frac{1}{a}=kt+\frac{1}{a_0}[/tex]

[tex]t_{\frac{1}{2}[/tex] = half life

k = rate constant

[tex]a_0[/tex] = initial concentration

a = Final concentration of reactant after time t

We have :

[tex]C_2F_4 \longrightarrow \frac{1}{2} C_4F_8[/tex]

Initial concentration of [tex]C_2F_4=[a_o]=\frac{0.438 mol}{2.42 L}=0.1810 mol/L[/tex]

Rate constant = k = [tex]0.041 M^{-1} s^{-1}[/tex]

[tex]t_{\frac{1}{2}=\frac{1}{k\times a_0}[/tex]

[tex]=\frac{1}{0.041 M^{-1} s^{-1}\times 0.1810 mol/L}[/tex]

[tex]t_{1/2}=134.8 s[/tex]

134.8 seconds is the half-life (in seconds) of the reaction for the initial [tex]C_2F_4[/tex] concentration

The second-order rate constant for the following gas-phase reaction

C₂F₄ ⇒ 1/2 C₄F₈

is 0.0411 M⁻¹.s⁻¹. We start with 0.438 mol C₂F₄ in a 2.42-liter container, with no C₄F₈ initially present. What is the half-life (in seconds) of the reaction for the initial C₂F₄ concentration? Enter to 1 decimal place.

The reaction C₂F₄ ⇒ 1/2 C₄F₈, with a second-order rate constant of 0.0411 M⁻¹.s⁻¹, that starts with 0.438 mol C₂F₄ in a 2.42-liter container, has a half-life of 134.4 s.

Let's consider the following reaction following second-order kinetics.

C₂F₄ ⇒ 1/2 C₄F₈

Initially, we have 0.438 mol C₂F₄ in a 2.42-liter container. The initial concentration of C₂F₄ is:

[tex][C_2F_4]_0 = \frac{0.438 mol}{2.42 L} = 0.181 M[/tex]

Given the rate constant (k) is 0.041 M⁻¹.s⁻¹, we can calculate the half-life of a second-order reaction using the following expression.

[tex]t_{1/2}= \frac{1}{k \times [C_2F_4]_0} = \frac{1}{0.0411 M^{-1}s^{-1} \times 0.181 M} = 134.4 s[/tex]

The reaction C₂F₄ ⇒ 1/2 C₄F₈, with a second-order rate constant of 0.0411 M⁻¹.s⁻¹, that starts with 0.438 mol C₂F₄ in a 2.42-liter container, has a half-life of 134.4 s.

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Answer:

kinetic energy =  84.0260 joules

Explanation:

given data

one mile = 1.61 km

one pound = 454 g

mass = 20.1 lb = 9.1172 kg

flying velocity = 9.60 miles/h = 9.60 × 1.61 × [tex]\frac{5}{18}[/tex] = 4.2933 m/s  

solution

we get here kinetic energy that is express as

kinetic energy = 0.5 × m × v²   .........................1

put here value and we get

kinetic energy = 0.5 × 9.1172 × 4.2933²

kinetic energy =  84.0260 joules

The kinetic energy of the goose, when converted to the same units, is approximately 83.74 joules.

The kinetic energy for any object can be found using the equation K.E. = 1/2*m*v^2, where m is mass and v is the velocity. First we need to convert the mass of the goose from pounds to kilograms, and the speed from miles per hour to meters per second. So, the mass should be 20.1 lb * 454 g = 9121.4 g. Converting that to kilograms, we get 9121.4 g * 1 kg/1000 g = 9.1214 kg. The speed of the goose should be 9.6 miles/hour * 1.61 km = 15.44 km/h. Converting that to meters per second, we get 15.44 km/h * 1000 m/1 km * 1 h/3600 s = 4.2889 m/s. Finally, we can substitute these values into the kinetic energy equation

K.E = 1/2 * 9.1214 kg * (4.2889 m/s)^2 = 83.74 joules.

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Answer:

0.007 g of deprenyl dose is required fro the patient with body mass of 70 kilograms.

Explanation:

The dose for treating Parkinson’s disease = 100 μg/kg body weight

Mass of patient's body = 70 kg

Amount of dose of deprenyl required = 100 μg/kg × 70 kg = 7,000 μg

1 μg = 0.00001 g

7,000 μg = 7,000 × 0.000001 g = 0.007 g

0.007 g of deprenyl dose is required fro the patient with body mass of 70 kilograms.

Deprenyl is a chemical compound used as a treatment for Parkinson's disease. It works by inhibiting the enzyme that breaks down dopamine, increasing dopamine levels in the brain. The appropriate dose for treating Parkinson's disease with Deprenyl is 100 μg/day per kg of body weight.

Deprenyl is a chemical compound with the formula C13H17NHCl. It is an enzyme inhibitor that helps prevent the metabolism of dopamine in the brain. Deprenyl is commonly used as a treatment for Parkinson's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a loss of dopaminergic neurons.

Deprenyl works by inhibiting the enzyme monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B), which is responsible for breaking down dopamine in the brain. By preventing the breakdown of dopamine, Deprenyl helps to increase dopamine levels, which can alleviate symptoms of Parkinson's disease.

The appropriate dose of Deprenyl for treating Parkinson's disease is 100 μg/day per kg of body weight. For example, for a 70 kg individual, the appropriate dose would be 7000 μg or 7 mg per day.

Explanation:

The given data is as follows.

            [tex](t_{\frac{1}{2}})_{1}[/tex] = 24 ms,

            [tex](t_{\frac{1}{2}})_{2}[/tex] = 39 ms,

where,    [tex](t_{\frac{1}{2}})_{1}[/tex] = half-life for the forward reaction

              [tex](t_{\frac{1}{2}})_{2}[/tex] = half-life for the backward reaction

It is known that the formula for first-order reaction is as follows.

                      [tex]t_{\frac{1}{2}} = \frac{0.693}{K}[/tex]

Therefore,  

              [tex]K_{1} = \frac{0.693}{(t_{\frac{1}{2}})_{1}}[/tex]

                        = [tex]\frac{0.693}{24 ms}[/tex]

                        = 0.0289 [tex]ms^{-1}[/tex]

              [tex]K_{2} = \frac{0.693}{(t_{\frac{1}{2}})_{2}}[/tex]

                        = [tex]\frac{0.693}{39 ms}[/tex]

                        = 0.0178 [tex]ms^{-1}[/tex]

Hence, formula for the relaxation time is as follows.

               [tex]\tau = \frac{1}{K_{1} + k_{2}}[/tex]

                       = [tex]\frac{1}{(0.0289 + 0.0178) ms^{-1}}[/tex]

                       = 21.41 ms

Thus, we can conclude that the corresponding relaxation time(s) for the return to equilibrium after a temperature jump is 21.41 ms.

Explanation:

If potassium is burnt the ions go into a high state of energy. Once they cool, it gives off energy in the form of a visible spectrum which has a characteristic color Now, The cobalt glass blocks out yellow light, and potassium ion which is purple in color is visible.

Final answer:

Cobalt glass filters out other wavelengths of light, allowing the violet flame of potassium to be seen clearly during a flame test, thereby facilitating the identification of potassium by its characteristic color.

Explanation:

Potassium was visible using cobalt glass because cobalt glass has the ability to filter out certain wavelengths of light and allows only specific wavelengths to pass through. This element-specific coloration aids the identification of potassium because potassium compounds, when heated, emit a violet or lilac color that can be masked by the colors of other substances. However, the cobalt glass helps by primarily allowing those violet wavelengths to pass through, making it easier to observe the potassium flame test result clearly.

The illustration of the electron transfer to form potassium sulfide (K₂S) would involve two potassium atoms each donating one electron to a sulfur atom, with each potassium atom becoming a K⁺ ion, and the sulfur atom gaining two electrons to become an S²⁻ ion.

Answer:

(Q1) 9.42 kJ.

(Q2) 1.999 kJ

Explanation:

Heat: This is a form of Energy that brings about the sensation of warmth.

The S.I unit of Heat is Joules (J).

The heat of a body depend on the mass of the body, specific heat capacity, and temperature difference. as shown below

Q = cm(t₂-t₁) ........................ Equation 1

(Q1)

Q = cm(t₂-t₁)

Where Q = amount of heat absorbed, c = specific heat capacity of water, m = mass of water, t₁ = initial temperature, t₂ = final temperature.

Given: m = 229.1 g = 0.2991 kg, t₁ = 25.0 °C, 32.50 °C

Constant: c = 4200 J/kg.°C

Substituting into equation 1

Q = 0.2991×4200(32.5-25)

Q = 1256.22(7.5)

Q = 9421.65 J

Q = 9.42 kJ.

Hence the heat absorbed = 9.42 kJ

(Q2)

Q = cm(t₂-t₁)

Where Q = amount of heat required, c = specific heat capacity of water, m = mass of water, t₁ = initial temperature, t₂ = final temperature.

Given: m = 34 g = 0.034 kg, t₁ = 9 °C, t₂ = 23 °C

Constant: c = 4200 J/kg.°C

Q = 0.034×4200(23-9)

Q = 142.8(14)

Q = 1999.2 J

Q = 1.999 kJ.

Thus the Heat required = 1.999 kJ

To calculate the amount of heat absorbed by water, you can use the formula Q = mcΔT.

To calculate the amount of heat absorbed by water in order for the temperature to increase, you can use the formula:

Q = mcΔT

where Q is the heat absorbed, m is the mass of water, c is the specific heat capacity of water, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

For the first question, the specific heat capacity of water is 4.18 J/g⋅°C. Substitute the given values into the formula to calculate the heat absorbed.

For the second question, you can follow the same steps using the given mass, specific heat capacity, and change in temperature.

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Answer: answered

Explanation:

Explanation:

Equation for de Broglie wavelength is as follows.

            [tex]\lambda = \frac{h}{mv}[/tex]

where,    m = mass of particle moving

               v = velocity

             h = Planck's constant = [tex]6.626 \times 10^{-34} Js[/tex]

When particle is electron then value of mass is [tex]9.109 \times 10^{-31} kg[/tex].

Wavelength of electron = 0.26 nm

                                       = [tex]0.26 nm \times \frac{10^{-9}}{1 nm}[/tex]

                                       = [tex]0.26 \times 10^{-9}[/tex] nm

Therefore, speed of electron will be calculated as follows.

                    v = [tex]\frac{h}{m \lambda}[/tex]

                       =  [tex]\frac{6.626 \times 10^{-34} Js}{2.6 \times 10^{-10} \times 9.109 \times 10^{-31} kg}[/tex]

                       = [tex]2.79 \times 10^{6} m/s[/tex]

Thus, we can conclude that speed at which electrons be accelerated to obtain a resolution of 0.26 is [tex]2.79 \times 10^{6} m/s[/tex].

To obtain a resolution of 0.26 nm in an electron microscope, electrons need to be accelerated to a speed of approximately 2.75 × 10⁶ m/s. This is based on the de Broglie equation which relates the speed of a particle to its wavelength.

The question is about determining the speed that electrons need to be accelerated to in an electron microscope so as to achieve a resolution of 0.26 nm. This can be determined using the de Broglie equation, which relates the speed of a particle to its wavelength. The equation is λ = h/mv, where h (Planck's constant) is 6.626 × 10⁻³⁴ m² kg / s, m (the mass of an electron) is 9.11 × 10⁻³¹ kg, and v is the velocity or speed of the electron.

To find v, we can rearrange the equation: v = h/mλ. If we substitute the given values (λ = 0.26 nm or 0.26 × 10⁻⁹ m), we get:

v = (6.626 × 10⁻³⁴ m² kg / s) / (9.11 × 10⁻³¹ kg × 0.26 × 10⁻⁹ m) ≈ 2.75 × 10⁶ m/s.

Therefore, the electrons need to be accelerated to a speed of approximately 2.75 × 10⁶ m/s to achieve a resolution of 0.26 nm in an electron microscope.

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Answer : The mass of [tex]O_2[/tex] at 4.00 atm pressure is, 2.8 grams.

Explanation :

First we have to calculate the Henry law constant.

As we know that,

[tex]C_{O_2}=k_H\times p_{O_2}[/tex]

where,

[tex]C_{O_2}[/tex] = solubility of [tex]O_2[/tex] = 0.70 g/L

[tex]p_{O_2}[/tex] = partial pressure of [tex]O_2[/tex] = 1.00 atm

[tex]k_H[/tex] = Henry's law constant

Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get:

[tex]0.70g/L=k_H\times (1.00atm)[/tex]

[tex]k_H=0.70g/L.atm[/tex]

Now we have to calculate the solubility of [tex]O_2[/tex] at 4.00 atm pressure.

[tex]C_{O_2}=k_H\times p_{O_2}[/tex]

where,

[tex]C_{O_2}[/tex] = solubility of [tex]O_2[/tex] at 4.00 atm = ?

[tex]p_{O_2}[/tex] = partial pressure of [tex]O_2[/tex] = 4.00 atm

[tex]k_H[/tex] = Henry's law constant = [tex]0.70g/L.atm[/tex]

Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get:

[tex]C_{O_2}=(0.70g/L.atm)\times (4.00atm)[/tex]

[tex]C_{O_2}=2.8g/L[/tex]

Now we have to calculate the mass of [tex]O_2[/tex]

[tex]\text{Mass of }O_2=\text{Solubility of }O_2\times \text{Volume of solution}[/tex]

[tex]\text{Mass of }O_2=2.8g/L\times 1L=2.8g[/tex]

Thus, the mass of [tex]O_2[/tex] at 4.00 atm pressure is, 2.8 grams.

The amount of O2 that can dissolve in 1L of water at 0 °C and 4.00 atm, using Henry's law, is 2.80 g.

In this question, we determine the amount of O2 that can dissolve in water at a higher pressure using Henry's law.

According to Henry's law, the amount of dissolved gas in a liquid is directly proportional to its partial pressure above the liquid. If the pressure is increased to 4 atm (4 times the initial pressure), the amount of O2 that can dissolve in the water will also increase 4 times.

Therefore, at 0 °C and 4.00 atm, 4 * 0.70 g = 2.80 g of O2 can dissolve in 1L of water.

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Answer:

8.32×10⁻³ moles of liquid Br₂ were produced.

Explanation:

You have the mass of bromine liquid produced and you must calculate the moles. Therefore you divide mass / molar mass Br

Bromine is a diatomic molecule, Br₂ so molar mass is 159.8 g/mol

1.33 g / 159.8 g/mol = 8.32×10⁻³ moles

The acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of epoxides in alcohol involves the step-wise transfer of protons and the breaking and formation of various bonds. Large quantities of ethanol can be synthesized through addition reactions, which also creates alcohols - organic compounds with a hydroxyl group bonded to a carbon atom.

The acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of epoxides in alcohol is a process that may involve the sequential or step-wise transfer of protons, aided by the conjugate base and bonded water molecules acting as acids. Large quantities of ethanol can be synthesized through the addition reaction of water with ethylene using an acid as a catalyst, which is indicative of the importance of these actions in chemical reactions. Notably, this also involves the breaking and forming of various bonds, such as breaking a C-O triple bond and two H-H single bonds, alongside forming three C-H single bonds, a C-O single bond, and an O-H single bond.

For clarification, an addition reaction is a typical alkene reaction where a double carbon-carbon bond forms a single carbon-carbon bond by adding a reactant. Originating from this process are alcohols, organic compounds consisting of a hydroxyl group (-OH) bonded to a carbon atom.

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Answer: The spacing between the crystal planes is [tex]4.07\times 10^{-10}m[/tex]

Explanation:

To calculate the spacing between the crystal planes, we use the equation given by Bragg, which is:

[tex]n\lambda =2d\sin \theta[/tex]

where,

n = order of diffraction = 2

[tex]\lambda[/tex] = wavelength of the light = [tex]154pm=1.54\times 10^{-10}m[/tex]     (Conversion factor:  [tex]1m=10^{12}pm[/tex] )

d = spacing between the crystal planes = ?

[tex]\theta[/tex] = angle of diffraction = 22.20°

Putting values in above equation, we get:

[tex]2\times 1.54\times 10^{-10}=2d\sin (22.20)\\\\d=\frac{2\times 1.54\times 10^{-10}}{2\times \sin (22.20)}\\\\d=4.07\times 10^{-10}m[/tex]

Hence, the spacing between the crystal planes is [tex]4.07\times 10^{-10}m[/tex]

Final answer:

The spacing between the crystal planes can be found using Bragg's law, and using the given values for a second-order diffraction and the X-ray wavelength, the calculation will yield the required plane spacing.

Explanation:

The question is about determining the spacing between the crystal planes using X-ray diffraction data. When X-rays are diffracted by the crystal planes, the relationship between the angle of diffraction (Bragg angle), the wavelength of the X-rays, and the spacing between the planes is given by Bragg's law:

Bragg's Law: nλ = 2d sin(θ)

Where:

For the given problem where a second-order diffraction for a gold crystal is observed at an angle of 22.20° for X-rays of 154 pm (0.154 nm), we can rearrange Bragg's law to solve for d:

d = nλ / (2 sin(θ))

Using the provided values, we can calculate:

d = 2(0.154 nm) / (2 sin(22.20°))

This calculation yields the spacing between the crystal planes, which is the answer to the student's question.

Answer:

True

Explanation:

The isopropyl methyl ether is a polar molecule because its dipole moment is different from 0. The ether is formed by a molecule of oxygen between carbons, in this case, the oxygen is bonded to an isopropyl, which has 3 carbons, and to a methyl, with only one carbon, so, the dipole, which is the polar difference between the atoms, will be stronger in the isopropyl bond.

Because of that, the oxygen will have a partial negative charge. The water is also a polar substance, and "like dissolve like". Because water has a dipole in the hydrogen and in the oxygen, the hydrogen of it may bond with the oxygen of the ether, forming a hydrogen bond, which is strong.

Answer:

Q₁₀ = 2

Explanation:

The Q₁₀ can be calculated by the following equation:

[tex] Q_{10} = \frac{R_{2}}{R_{1}}^{10^{\circ} C/(T_{2}-T_{1})} [/tex]

where R: is the rate and T: is the temperature

With R₁=0.3 ml O₂/h, R₂=0.6 ml O₂/h, T₁=25 °C and T₂=35 °C, the Q₁₀ is:

[tex] Q_{10} = \frac{0.6 ml O_{2}/h}{0.3 ml O_{2}/h}^{10^{\circ} C/(35 -25)^{\circ} C} = 2 [/tex]

Therefore the Q₁₀ temperature coefficient of eggs is 2.

I hope it helps you!

Answer:

The protein solution needed is 0.8mL and the water needed 1000mL

Explanation:

C1 = 2 mg/mL

V1 = 10 mL

C2 = 25 mg/mL

V2 =?

C1V1 = C2V2

2 x 10 = 25 x V2

V2 = 20/ 25

V2 = 0.8mL

The protein solution needed is 0.8mL and the water needed 1000mL

Complete Question:

The complete question is on the first uploaded image

Answer:

The solution is on the second uploaded image

Explanation:

The explanation of the above solution is on the third uploaded image.

Answer: acid dissociation constant Ka= 2.00×10^-7

Explanation:

For the reaction

HA + H20. ----> H3O+ A-

Initially: C. 0. 0

After : C-Cx. Cx. Cx

Ka= [H3O+][A-]/[HA]

Ka= Cx × Cx/C-Cx

Ka= C²X²/C(1-x)

Ka= Cx²/1-x

Where x is degree of dissociation = 0.1% = 0.001 and c is the concentration =0.2

Ka= 0.2(0.001²)/(1-0.001)

Ka= 2.00×10^-7

Therefore the dissociation constant is

2.00×10^-7

Answer: B) combustion reaction.

Explanation:

A) acid-base reaction: When an acid reacts with a base, to form metal salt and water, this type of reaction is Acid Base reaction.

Example: [tex]HCl+NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O[/tex]

B) combustion reaction: When a hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water, this type of reaction is combustion reaction.

[tex]CH_4+2O_2\rightarrow CO_2+2H_2O[/tex]

C) precipitation reaction: a reaction in which aqueous solution of two compounds on mixing react to form an insoluble compound which separate out as a solid are called precipitation reactions.

[tex]Na_2SO_4(aq)+BaCl_2(aq)\rightarrow BaSO_4(s)+NaCl(aq)[/tex]

D) gas evolution reaction: a reaction in which one of the product is formed as a gas.

[tex]CaCO_3(s)\rightarrow CaO(s)+CO_2(g)[/tex]

Answer:

The temperature of the system after reaching equilibrium is 314.21 K.

Explanation:

Heat lost by gold will be equal to heat gained by the water

[tex]-Q_1=Q_2[/tex]

Mass of iron = [tex]m_1=75.0 g[/tex]

Specific heat capacity of gold= [tex]c_1=0.126 J/gK [/tex]

Initial temperature of the gold= [tex]T_1=650.0 K [/tex]

Final temperature of gold = [tex]T_2[/tex]=T

[tex]Q_1=m_1c_1\times (T-T_1)[/tex]

Mass of water= [tex]m_2=180.0 g[/tex]

Specific heat capacity of water= [tex]c_2=4.184 J/gK [/tex]

Initial temperature of the water = [tex]T_3=310 K[/tex]

Final temperature of water = [tex]T_2[/tex]=T

[tex]Q_2=m_2c_2\times (T-T_3)[/tex]

[tex]-Q_1=Q_2[/tex]

[tex]-(m_1c_1\times (T-T_1))=m_2c_2\times (T-T_3)[/tex]

On substituting all values:

[tex]-(75.0 g\times 0.126 J/gK\times (T-650.0K))=180.0 g\times 4.184 J/gK\times (T-310.0K)[/tex]

we get, T = 314.21 K

The temperature of the system after reaching equilibrium is 314.21 K.

Final answer:

The question asks for the final temperature of a gold and water system at thermal equilibrium, a concept from chemistry involving heat transfer calculations.

Explanation:

The question involves calculating the final temperature of a system consisting of gold and water once they reach thermal equilibrium. This is a classic problem in thermodynamics, specifically within the scope of heat transfer and calorimetry. According to the principle of conservation of energy, the heat lost by the gold will be equal to the heat gained by the water until equilibrium is reached. However, the exact calculation requires knowing the specific heat capacities of gold and water, which are not provided in the query. Typically, you would use the formula q=mcΔT (where q is the heat absorbed or released, m is the mass, c is the specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature) for both substances and set the heat lost by gold equal to the heat gained by water to find the final equilibrium temperature.

Answer:

A wide temperature change.

Explanation:

The intermolecular force is the force that puts the molecules together in a substance. If the substance is ionic (formed by ions) than the force is called ion-ion, which is very strong. If it's a covalent compound (the elements share electron pairs), then it can be a polar or a nonpolar substance.

The polar substance has a huge difference in electronegativity of its components, so partial charges are presented. In this case, the intermolecular force is called dipole-dipole, because charged poles are formed. In the other case, of nonpolar, the dipoles are induced, so it's called dipole induced-dipole induced force.

When a polar compound has a hydrogen-bonded to a high electronegative element (F, O, or N), the dipole-dipole is extremely strong and it's called a hydrogen bond.

Thus, as strong is the force (Ionic > hydrogen bond > dipole-dipole > dipole induced - dipole induced), as difficult is to broken these bonds. In a phase change, those bonds must be broken. So if the liquid has so strong forces, it would be necessary a large amount of energy to evaporate it.

The temperature is a measure of the kinetic energy of the molecules, so if the energy applied is too high, the temperature change must be extremely high too!

This situation is not real, because if the forces are so strong than the material would be a solid and not a liquid. Besides, even an extremely strong bond may be broken with the right temperature increase, so the liquid would evaporate!

In a hypothetical liquid with intermolecular forces strong enough to prevent evaporation, we would not expect to see a temperature change due to evaporation. The liquid's temperature would be unaffected by this specific phase change process and would only change due to external thermal influences. This is a theoretical extreme, as in reality, all substances can change phase with sufficient energy.

Temperature Change in a Substance with Strong Intermolecular Forces

If we hypothesize a liquid with such strong intermolecular forces that it would never evaporate, we must consider the concept of vapor pressure. Typically, vapor pressure represents the tendency of molecules to escape into the vapor phase; stronger intermolecular forces would mean a lower vapor pressure. In this hypothetical scenario, because evaporation happens when molecules have enough kinetic energy to overcome intermolecular forces, and these forces are too strong to be overcome, one would not expect to see any temperature change due to evaporation.

Moreover, since evaporation is an endothermic process where the liquid absorbs energy to allow molecules to escape, the absence of evaporation implies that the liquid would not absorb energy in this way. Therefore, the temperature of the liquid would remain relatively stable, primarily affected only by external thermal inputs or losses, but not through phase change.

It is important to realize that this is an extreme hypothetical situation, as all real substances have a point at which their intermolecular bonds can be overcome by kinetic energy, leading to a phase transition. Additionally, in real-world scenarios, temperature impacts the kinetic energy of molecules within a substance, potentially affecting state changes at varying temperatures.

Answer: there are 3 atoms of oxygen in the compound, and the compound is N2O3

Explanation:Please see attachment for explanation

The nitrogen-containing compound is 36.86% nitrogen by mass, and after calculating, it is determined that the compound contains three oxygen atoms.

The question asks how many oxygen atoms are in a nitrogen-containing compound given that the compound is 36.86% nitrogen by mass and contains two nitrogen atoms per molecule. To find out, we start by using the percent composition of nitrogen to determine the total molecular mass of the compound. Nitrogen has an atomic mass of 14.01 amu, and since there are two nitrogen atoms, that contributes 28.02 amu to the molecular mass. Since nitrogen makes up 36.86% of the compound by mass, we calculate the total molecular mass of the compound by dividing the mass of nitrogen in the compound by the percentage of nitrogen (28.02 amu / 0.3686), which equals approximately 76 amu as the molar mass of the compound.

Now we subtract the mass contributed by nitrogen from the total molecular mass to find the mass of oxygen in the molecule (76 amu - 28.02 amu). This leaves approximately 47.98 amu for the oxygen atoms. Oxygen has an atomic mass of approximately 16 amu, so by dividing the mass of oxygen by the atomic mass of oxygen (47.98 amu / 16 amu), we find there are about 3 oxygen atoms in the molecule.

Therefore, the second compound contains three oxygen atoms, and you would write the answer as a whole number: 3.

Answer: 0.0725ppm

Explanation:

133.4g of MgBr2 dissolves in 1.84L of water.

Therefore Xg of MgBr2 will dissolve in 1L of water. i.e

Xg of MgBr2 = 133.4/1.84 = 72.5g

The concentration of MgBr2 is 72.5g/L = 0.0725mg/L

Recall,

1mg/L = 1ppm

Therefore, 0.0725mg/L = 0.0725ppm

The concentration of magnesium bromide (MgBr2) in the solution is 72467.39 ppm. Considering each molecule of MgBr2 has two atoms of bromine, the concentration of bromine in the solution is 58032.60 ppm.

The subject of this question is Chemistry, specifically dealing with the concept of concentration, which is a measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent. The units of ppm (parts per million) imply a measurement of the amount of a particular substance (in this case magnesium bromide and bromine) in a total amount of 1 million parts of the mixture.

First, we find the concentration of magnesium bromide MgBr2 by using the formula ppm = (mass of solute/volume of solution) x 10^6. Given that we have 133.4 g of MgBr2 in 1.84 L of water, we find that the concentration of MgBr2 in ppm is (133.4 g/1.84 L) x 10^6 = 72467.39 ppm.

Next, to solve for the concentration of bromine in ppm, we must consider that each molecule of MgBr2 has two atoms of Br. So, the mass of bromine in 133.4 g of MgBr2 is 133.4 g * (79.9 g/mol Br /159.8 g/mol MgBr2) * 2 mol Br = 106.76 g. The concentration of bromine in ppm is then (106.76 g / 1.84 L) x 10^6 = 58032.60 ppm.

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Answer:

B

Explanation:

Answer:

The  volume of the ball is 4.82 mL (opton C)

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

Mass of the lead ball = 55.0 grams

Density = 11.4 g/cm³

Step 2: Calculate volume of the balloon

Volume = mass / density

Volume = 55.0 g / 11.4 g/cm³

Volume = 4.82 cm³ = 4.82 mL

The  volume of the ball is 4.82 mL (opton C)