Answer:
The answer is Triglycerides
Explanation:
The majority of fat we consume is in the form of triglycerides. They are a common dietary lipid used for energy, stored in adipocytes, and are crucial for the human body due to their role in insulation, vitamin absorption, and as a source of energy.
Explanation:Ninety-five percent of the fat we consume is in the form of triglycerides. Triglycerides are one of the most common dietary lipid groups and the type found most abundantly in body tissues. The structure of a triglyceride is formed from the synthesis of two types of molecules: a glycerol backbone at the core, consisting of three carbon atoms, and long carbon chains known as fatty acids.
These triglycerides are most often used for energy via a metabolic process called ß-oxidation. Excess fat is generally stored in specialized cells known as adipocytes, which accumulate in subcutaneous tissue under the skin or in other tissues and organs. Triglycerides containing double carbon bonds are referred to as unsaturated fats, while those with trans double bonds, called trans fats, have been linked to increased cardiovascular disease risk.
Despite some negative perception, fats play a crucial role in the human body. They act as a storage form of fatty acids, a source of energy, and provide insulation for the body. Some vitamins are also fat-soluble, demonstrating the importance of consuming 'healthy' fats in moderation as part of a balanced diet.
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Rocio and Thomas have three sons. Rocio is pregnant with another son. Research on the older-brother effect indicates that the chances of the fourth son being homosexual is ________ percent.
Explanation:
The term Homosexuality was given by a German psychologist, Karoly Maria Benkert in 19th Century.Homosexual are the person who are sexually attracted to people of their own sex. Lesbian is the term used for females and Gay is the term used for males who are homosexual.An individual's sexual orientation is difficult for the scientist to determine. It can be due to the factors such as environmental, hormonal etc.
Which compound plays a pivotal role in both the first and last step of the TCA cycle? a. pyruvate b. oxaloacetate c. oxalate d. glycerol e. acetyl CoA
Answer:
Option b oxaloacetate is the right one.
Explanation:
There are major eight steps in TCA cycle. Oxaloacetate plays a pivotal role in first and eight steps of cycle.
Step 1. In the first step of the citric acid cycle, acetyl CoA joins with a four-carbon molecule, oxaloacetate, releasing the CoA group and forming a six-carbon molecule called citrate.
Step 8. In the last step of the citric acid cycle, oxaloacetate—the starting four-carbon compound-is regenerated by oxidation of malate. Another molecule of NAD+ is reduced to NADH in the process.
WILL BE MARKED BRAINLIEST!!!!
Amino acid-derived and peptide hormones are unable to diffuse across a cell membrane because they are _____.
a. large
b. too complex
c. lipid-based
d. not easily dissolved in blood
e. polar
Answer: Option E) polar
Amino acid-derived and peptide hormones are unable to diffuse across a cell membrane because they are polar
Explanation:
Amino acid-derived and peptide hormones such as serotonin, epinephrine, dopamine etc, are unable to diffuse across a cell membrane because they consist of several repeating units of amino acids with positively charged or negatively charged side chains.
Thus, the side chains make these hormones water-loving (hydrophilic), and impassable to the hydrophobic layer of the cell membrane.
Endosymbiosis of cyanobacteria is widely accepted as an explanation for the development of chloroplasts. The presence of endosymbiotic cyanobacteria provided a cell with the advantage of ________.
Answer:
The correct answer is- photosynthesis
Explanation:
According to the endosymbiotic theory, an ancestral cell engulfed a cyanobacteria and lived in symbiotic association with that bacteria and over time this bacteria evolved into the chloroplast and the ancestral cell developed into plant cell.
So as cyanobacteria was the first aerobic cell that can evolve oxygen and can do photosynthesis to produce organic food so it could be concluded that the presence of endosymbiotic cyanobacteria provided a cell with the advantage of photosynthesis.
A typical fire regime for a boreal forest might have fire re-occurring every
Answer:
A typical fire regime for a boreal forest might have fire re-occurring every 53 years.
Explanation:
The fires caused in the boreal region adds essential nutrients to the soil. Some tree species are even dependent on the heat from fire to disperse their seeds, and the natural burn cycle helps maintain a healthy forest ecosystem. On average, wildfires burn anywhere between 5 to 20 million hectares of boreal forest each year. In Russia, low to moderately intense surface-level fires return every 53 years; for Canada, the return interval is roughly 180 years.
Tropomyosin is long enough to cover the active sites on _________ g- actin molecules.
Explanation:
Tropomyosin is a progression of long string-like polypeptides joined start to finish that matches every F actin strand, strengthens and solidifies the F dynamic strands, and capacities to either cover up or uncover the "dynamic sites" on each globular actin molecule.One single tropomyosin atom is sufficiently long to cover the dynamic restricting destinations on seven G-actin particles. These are where actin atoms tie with the thicker myosin particles.If organisms A, B, and C belong to the same class but to different orders and if organisms C, D, and E belong to the same order but to different families, which of the following pairs of organisms would be expected to show the greatest degree of structural homology?1. A and D2. B and D3. B and C4. D and E
D and E
Explanation:
As we move from a higher rank to a lower rank in the taxonomic hierarchy, the degree of similarities increases.i.e. the degree of similarities increases from kingdom to species. Species contain the individual who are most similar and can interbreed among themselves.
Since, A , B and C belong to same class while C, D and E belong to same order, the degree of similarity between C,D and E will be more than that of the degree of similarity between A, B and C.
Again since C belongs to the class of A and B ,it will be more distant from D and E.
Thus D and E will be more similar than D and C or E and C.
A twin study is conducted to examine the role of genetics and environment on the fondness of individuals for chocolate. Which of the following results would lead to the conclusion that genetic factors are important in the development of this trait?
a. Twins who have lived together are more similar on the trait than twins who have lived apart.
b. Twins who have lived apart are more similar on the trait than twins who have lived together.
c. Identical twins are more similar on the trait than fraternal twins.
d. Fraternal twins are more similar on the trait than identical twins
"Identical twins are more similar on the trait than fraternal twins" would lead to the conclusion that genetic factors are important in the development of this trait.
Option: C
Explanation:
Research performed on identical or fraternal twins are twin investigations. We seek to expose the significance for characteristics, phenotypes and diseases of environmental and genetic factors. Twin work is considered a key instrument in the domains of behavioral genetics and material, from biology to psychology.
Fraternal or dizygous twins each share around 50 % of their DNA, just like any other parent. Since the twins are born into the same family they share other factors of their surroundings. The existence of a given genetic or phenotypic trait in just one component of a pair of twins called discordance offers a valuable insight into influence on such a trait on climate.
Proper folding of proteins is essential for their biological activity. In general, the functional conformation of a protein is the conformation with lowest energy. This means that if an unfolded protein is allowed to reach equilibrium, it should assemble automatically into its native, functioning folded state. Why then is there a need for molecular chaperones and chaperonins in cells?
Explanation:
In order to the protein fold into the tertiary and, by consequence, the operational structure, an energy barrier has to be broken. The lowest Gibbs energy is achieved when the protein is in the native state. But, by looking the a free energy diagram of a protein, the transformation of a misfolded to a native state has to be performed by a catalyzation process using chaperone or a chaperonin, depending of the organism.
What is an essential component of all viruses?
Answer:
See the answer and explanation below, please.
Explanation:
Viruses may have RNA or DNA genetic material. Those who have wrapping, this is composed of proteins, which is called capside.
I believe the answer is "A". Please correct me.
Which statement best describes the role of animals in the water and carbon cycles?
Select one:
a. Animals release carbon dioxide and water vapor as a by‐product of cellular respiration.
b. Animals release carbon dioxide and water vapor as a by‐product of photosynthesis.
c. Animals take in carbon dioxide and oxygen during cellular respiration.
d. Animals use oxygen to perform photosynthesis and release carbon dioxide as a by‐product.
Answer:
The right answer is A
Explanation:
Because animals take in sugar and oxygen, break them down and release carbon dioxide and water along with ATP as usable energy.
Answer:
i think its actually b
Explanation:
Jasper has been sleeping for about 90 minutes when his brain shows rapid, irregular waves. His blood pressure rises, his heart rate increases, and his skeletal muscles go limp. Which of the following is the most likely conclusion?a. Jasper is chronically sleep-deprived and his sleep, like his daytime activities, is abnormal.
b. Jasper is experiencing physiological changes that are normal for the third stage of sleep.
c. Jasper is experiencing unusual sleep because during the day he engaged in strenuous physical activities.
d. Jasper is experiencing physiological changes that are normal during REM sleep.
Answer:
d. Jasper is experiencing physiological changes that are normal during REM sleep.
Explanation:
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REM), also referred to as paradoxical sleep, is a state of sleep in the normal sleep cycle, which involves active movement of the muscles of the eyes, and the diaphragm, as well as increased brain activity. However, the skeletal muscles are relaxed. This type of sleep is characterized by vivid dreams as brain activity is intense, although there is absence of no motor function during this sleep.
We can conclude that, the physiological changes experienced by Jasper are normal during REM sleep.
What is the lineage of a jawless vertebrate?
Answer:
Lamprey (agnathans) is the lineage of a jawless vertebrate.
Explanation:
Lampreys are jawless fishes (or agnathans), closely related to other living vertebrates, the jawed vertebrates (or gnathostomes). They, along with hagfish, are the only known surviving lineage of once diverse groups of jawless fishes. Living cyclostomes are modern yet they have some anatomic elements that appear to be retained from primitive members of their own groups, and possibly of primitive ancestral vertebrates. Lampreys are readily obtainable, and comparisons between lampreys and vertebrates are useful for the identification of developmental traits that are putatively derived from ancestral vertebrates. Of the two cyclostome groups, lampreys are the more experimentally tractable developmental models, and work has been done on a variety of species.
The more than 500 species of fruit fly on the various Hawaiian Islands, all apparently descended from a single ancestral species, are an excellent example of __________.
Answer:
Adaptive radiation
Explanation:
adaptive radiation is a process in which organisms diversify rapidly from an ancestral species into a multitude of new forms, particularly when a change in the environment makes new resources available, creates new challenges, or opens new environmental niches.
Some nematode worms suck plant juices from the roots of plants and are economically important agricultural pests. Some fungi are usually decomposers of plant material, but some trap and kill nematodes at times. Arthrobotrys traps and kills nematodes, especially when they lack nitrogen sources. These two facts suggest that farmers could find Arthrobotrys an important tool in combating nematode infestations. Which of the following research questions would make a good starting point for developing such a defense against plant-sucking nematodes?A. What mechanisms do nematodes have that could allow them to escape from Arthrobotrys?B. Does nitrogen fertilization of crops affect the likelihood that ArthrobotrysC. What is the evolutionarily oldest method of trapping nematodes?D. Do nitrogen-fixing bacteria provide nitrogen to the fungi?
Answer:
A. What mechanisms do nematodes have that could allow them to escape from Arthrobotrys?
Explanation:
Since the research question has to do with likely defense mechanisms of nematodes against the traps and death from Arthrobotrys, option A seems like the most plausible option out of all the options.
Option B seems incomplete while C and D have no direct relation with defense mechanism of nematodes against Arthrobotrys.
Enzyme secreted in saliva that breaks starch into smaller particles and eventually into the disaccharide maltose Hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas in response to increased blood levels of glucose. Hormone secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas in response to decreased blood levels of glucose. Sucrose is commonly known as ______ Most common sucralose-based product ______. Fatty acids that must be consumed in the diet because they cannot be made by our bodies. Amino acids not produced by the body that must be obtained from food. Enzyme in the stomach that begins the breakdown of proteins into shorter polypeptide chains and single amino acids. Two or more foods that together contain all nine essential amino acids necessary for a complete protein. Molecule consisting of three fatty acids attached to a three-carbon glycerol backbone.
Explanation:
Sucrose is a disaccharide sugar, which means it is comprised of two monosaccharide sugar units. Sucrose is a characteristic synthetic found in plants, despite the fact that it can likewise be synthesized in a lab. It is a lot simpler and less expensive to extract it from plants than to make it without any preparation. Sugarcane and sugar beets are the two plants that are utilized to make most sucrose, or refined table sugar. Splenda is a manufactured sugar that isn't perceived by the body. Sucralose just makes up around 5 percent of Splenda. The other 95 percent contains a building operator called maltodextrin, which fills in as filler, and corn-based dextrose, a sort of sugar. Splenda is utilized as a sugar substitute in cooking and preparing, and it's additional to a great many "zero calorie" nourishment items.
Amylase initiates starch digestion in the mouth, forming maltose, while other enzymes like maltase continue the process in the small intestine. Essential nutrients like fatty acids and amino acids must be consumed in the diet, and pepsin is an enzyme that aids in protein digestion in the stomach. Triglycerides serve as a significant energy storage molecule in the body.
Explanation:Throughout the process of digestion, various enzymes and hormones play essential roles in breaking down the food we eat into usable nutrients. One such enzyme is amylase, which is secreted in the saliva and begins the digestion of starches by breaking them into smaller particles, eventually forming the disaccharide maltose. Once the food reaches the duodenum, pancreatic juices containing more amylase continue this breakdown. Disaccharides like maltose, sucrose, and lactose are further digested into monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, and galactose) by the enzymes maltase, sucrase, and lactase present in the small intestine.
As part of the dietary macronutrients required by our body, essential fatty acids and essential amino acids must be obtained through food, as our bodies cannot synthesize them. The digestion of proteins begins in the stomach, where the enzyme pepsin initiates the breakdown of proteins into shorter chains and amino acids. Combinations of different food sources, such as beans and rice, can provide all nine essential amino acids and are known as complementary proteins. Lastly, a triglyceride is a molecule consisting of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone, serving as an important form of energy storage in our bodies.
11) algae → water flea → small fish → big fish Use the food chain to answer the question. What would MOST LIKELY happen to the population of the water flea if the algae decreased? A) It would increase. B) It would decrease. C) It would not change. D) It would first increase, then decrease.
Answer: Option B) It would decrease
Explanation:
Since algae is a producer, while water flea is a primary consumer; a decrease in algae infer a shortage of food for the water flea, which therefore begins Intra-specie competition that could lead to starvation and death among the water flea specie.
The cell cycle is the Select one: a. series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide. b. period of time between the birth and the death of a cell. c. time from prophase until cytokinesis. d. time it takes for one cell to undergo mitosis.
Answer:
A) series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide
Explanation:
Cell cycle refers to the sequential events which take place during the division of one parent cell to daughter cells.
Since the cell divides continuously in the multicellular organism therefore these events are repeated over and over again that is the same steps are repeated a thus is known as cyclic events.
The cell cycle takes place into two phases: the interphase during which the cell prepares itself for nuclear division and the karyokinesis during which the nucleus divides.
Thus, Option-A is correct.
It has been suggested that men in many cultures tend to marry women younger than themselves because men are genetically predisposed to seek female features associated with youthful fertility. This suggestion BEST illustrates:a. social learning theory.
b. behavior genetics.
c. Freudian psychology.
d. an evolutionary perspective.
This suggestion BEST illustrates: an evolutionary perspective.
Explanation:
It has been observed that older men tend to marry younger women and women prefer to marry older and taller men. This could be thought of as a evolutionary perspective because by selecting such mates they make them socially more fit. Because when men marry younger women they tend to stick to the single relationship as per their psychological nature. Again when women marry older men they ensure their safety.
Final answer:
The tendency for men to marry younger women due to attraction to youthful fertility is best explained by an evolutionary perspective (d), which is concerned with behaviors that increase the chances of gene propagation. Evolutionary psychology shows that both sexes have developed particular mate preferences that are advantageous for reproductive success. Sociobiologists emphasize the role of genetic and physical traits as indicators of a suitable mate.
Explanation:
The suggestion that men in many cultures tend to marry women younger than themselves because of a genetic predisposition to seek features associated with youthful fertility best illustrates an evolutionary perspective. This perspective is based on the idea that behaviors and preferences have developed over time to increase the likelihood of passing on genes to the next generation. Men are predisposed to seek multiple relationships with younger women to improve their inclusive fitness, while women tend to select partners who can provide and protect resources, which often correlates with higher socioeconomic status and older age. Evolutionary psychologists have found that preferences for traits such as youth and attractiveness in mates generally align with the needs of reproductive success. This is because such characteristics are indicators of good health and fertility. Men may value physical traits that suggest potential reproductive capacity more than women, who may prioritize the capacity of a mate to provide resources and protection. Sociobiologists and evolutionary psychologists also consider how physical characteristics and genetic traits influence mating strategies and preferences. These biological factors, such as symmetry and sex prototypicality, are seen as evidence of genetic fitness and the ability to produce healthy offspring. Simultaneously, women's preferences are also shaped by cultural factors that emphasize qualities such as love and kindness, which can provide social security and emotional support.
Tim was admitted for anemia associated with a malignant carcinoma of the left lung. He received treatment for the anemia at this time. The principal diagnosis is theTim was admitted for anemia associated with a malignant carcinoma of the left lung. He received treatment for the anemia at this time. The principal diagnosis is the
Answer:the principal diagnosis is carcinoma.
Explanation:
This is because this types of cancer destroy the ability of the bone marrow to make healthy blood cells, this in turn results in anaemia.
The principal diagnosis referred to in this case is the malignant carcinoma of Tim's left lung. The anemia he is experiencing is secondary, associated with his primary condition, and was treated alongside the lung cancer. His condition may cause his immune system to be compromised, similar to the case of Benjamin.
Explanation:The principal diagnosis in this case is the malignant carcinoma of the left lung. The admission was prompted by anemia associated with the condition, but the anemia is secondary to the lung cancer. Carcinoma refers to a type of cancer that starts in cells that make up the skin or the tissue lining organs, such as the lungs. In this case, these malignant cells are present in the lung, hence the 'malignant carcinoma of the left lung', which is the primary disease being treated. Tim's anemia was also managed at the same time, as it is a critical symptom directly related to his lung cancer.
Similar to the case of Benjamin, anemia can be caused by various reasons such as overproduction of non-functional leukocytes or side-effects from chemotherapy. Benjamin's immune system was compromised due to his chronic myelogenous leukemia and chemotherapy, which limited his ability to fight off infections. This is something that may also affect Tim, considering his compromised state stemming from the carcinoma and the subsequent anemia.
Anemia, the condition linked to the primary diagnosis, is characterized by a deficiency in the number or quality of red blood cells in the body. Stem cells from bone marrow are crucial components in the process of generating new blood cells, hence, their importance in treating severe forms of anemia and some types of cancer.
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the bone marrow of the skeletal system produces lymphocytes which belong to what system
Answer: Immune system
Explanation:
Lymphocytes are a class of white blood cells (leukocytes) involved in immune response when activated by the a foreign molecule (an antigen). B lymphocytes develop in the bone marrow of mammals and are responsible for the production of circulating antibodies.
Thus, lymphocytes are associated with the immune system.
Answer: It belongsto the lymphatic system
Explanation: I studied this in the 10th grade.
Which of the following is the correct sequence that describes the excitation and contraction of a skeletal muscle fiber? 1. Tropomyosin shifts and unblocks the cross-bridge binding sites. 2. Calcium is released and binds to the troponin complex. 3. Transverse tubules depolarize the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 4. The thin filaments are ratcheted across the thick filaments by the heads of the myosin molecules using energy from atp. 5. An action potential in a motor neuron causes the axon to release acetylcholine
Answer: The correct sequence is 5-3-2-1-4.
Explanation:
The signals from the motor neurons are released which helps in releasing the acetylcholine.
The depolarized sarcoplasmic reticulum which releases calcium ions.
The released calcium ions gets attached to the troponin complex. Due to this binding the tropomyosin shifts and unblocks the cross bridge.
The thin filaments are attached to the thick filaments by the help of the head of myosin using the energy generated from ATP.
The correct sequence of excitation and contraction in a skeletal muscle fiber begins with the release of acetylcholine from a motor neuron, followed by the depolarization of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, binding of calcium to the troponin complex, shifting of tropomyosin, and ratcheting of thin filaments across the thick filaments.
Explanation:Your question pertains to the sequence of excitation and contraction in a skeletal muscle fiber. The correct sequence is as follows:
An action potential in a motor neuron causes the axon to release acetylcholine. Transverse tubules depolarize the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Calcium is released and binds to the troponin complex. Tropomyosin shifts and unblocks the cross-bridge binding sites. The thin filaments are ratcheted across the thick filaments by the heads of the myosin molecules using energy from ATP.
This process initiates the sequence that leads to muscle contraction. Each step in the sequence is essential for the contraction of the muscle fiber, and any disruption in the sequence could impair muscle function.
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In many tissues, one of the earliest responses to cellular injury is a rapid increase in the level of enzymes involved in the pentose phosphate pathway. Ten days after an injury, heart tissue has levels of G6PD and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase that are 20 to 30 times higher than normal, whereas the levels of glycolytic enzymes are only 10 to 20% of normal. Suggest an explanation for this phenomenon.
Explanation:
Ten days after an injury, there is still cellular and tissue repair going on. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase are two enzymes involved in the pentose phosphate pathway which are also found in abundance in neutrophils and macrophages. These phagocytic cells of the immune system utilize NADPH to generate superoxide radicals from molecular oxygen, which are used to kill the pathogens or damaged cells they have ingested. The great rise in these two enzymes could be coming from these immune cells as they are cleaning up the damaged tissue. Additionally, these immune cells use these two enzymes to produce NADPH, which can be used to counterbalance oxidative stress via the action of the glutathione system. Injured tissue can cause oxidative stress and increase the need for action from the glutathione system. The glycolytic enzyme activity would be decreased as some of the glucose is shunted to the pentose phosphate pathway to favor tissue repair over the ATP generation which comes from the glycolytic pathway reactions.Describe a multicellular exocrine gland
Answer:
They are produced or originated from an epithelial sheet(like the endocrine glands) but will never lose the duct connecting them to the free surface of the epithelial sheet (surface of the skin or lumen of the open body cavities. They transport their product through a duct on the epithelial surface.
They transport their product through a duct on the epithelial surface.
An exocrine gland that has an unbranched duct would be classified as a multicellular simple gland correct multicellular exocrine glands with unbranched ducts are simple those with branched ducts are compound unicellular exocrine glands do not have ducts
Metabolism using an electron transport system is classified based on the nature of the initial electron donors and terminal electron acceptors. Lithotrophy uses __________ molecules as the __________ electron __________. Choose one: A. organic; initial; donors B. inorganic; final; acceptors C. organic; final; acceptors D. inorganic; initial; donors
Answer: C organic; final; accpetors
The Indian leaf butterfly has traits that allow it to resemble a leaf. The bright colors of the monarch butterfly indicates that the butterfly’s tastes bad and can be poisonous. How does the appearance of these butterfly’s help them survive
Answer:
(Indian Leaf Butterfly) CAMOUFLAGED
(Monarch Butterfly) CHEMICAL DEFENSE and COLOURFUL WARNING SIGNALS
Explanation:
The Indian leaf butterflies survives by camouflaging to deceive a potential enemy. They could also seek survival by blending to their presents environment such that a supposed enemy finds it hard to identify with their presence.
The monarch Butterfly are very colourful and are super in defending themselves through chemical means.
By chemical defense, they do well to feed on milkweed which is highly poisonous but they have their way of isolating themselves from the consumed poison.
They also send away predators using their colourful warning signals and bright colours. This colours informs predators that they contain poisonous contents.
When a predator bites a monarch Butterfly, it taste the poisons in the wings of the butterfly and let it go. But if peradventure a birds swallows a monarch, the experience of the taste of the poisons teaches the bird never to hunt a monarch Butterfly again
Chlorophyll molecules donate electrons to an electron acceptor ____.
Explanation:
Chlorophyll molecules donate electrons to an electron acceptor in the reaction center.The "energized."is also known as when the photon makes an electron in the chlorophyll . The vitality given to the electron at that point goes starting with one shade atom then onto the next until it arrives at a couple of chlorophyll a particles called the reaction center. When Electrons of a Chlorophyll Molecule are eager to a higher vitality level, They are moved to a Primary Electron Acceptor. Chlorophyll helps this exchange as when chlorophyll ingests light vitality, an electron in chlorophyll is energized from a lower vitality state to a higher vitality state. This electron is more readily transferred to another molecule._______________ hormones include steroids and bind to ____________ receptors.
Explanation:
Steroid hormone, any of a gathering of hormones that have a place with the class of substance mixes known as steroids; they are discharged by three "steroid organs"— the adrenal cortex, testicles, and ovaries—and during pregnancy by the placenta. All steroid hormones are gotten from cholesterol. They are moved through the circulatory system to the cells of different objective organs where they do the guideline of a wide scope of physiological capacities.(1) Cell membranes (plasma membranes) help organisms maintain__________ homeostasis by controlling what substances may enter or leave cells. (2) Some substances can cross a cell membrane through passive transport, while other substances can only cross a cell membrane through active transport. What is the difference between active and passive cellular transport?
Answer:
Explanation:
Active cellular transport:
It is the movement of molecules against the concentration gradient (from low concentration to high). Active transport requires expense of energy supplied by ATP.It is a rapid way to transport of large sized molecules.Passive cellular transport:
It is the movement of molecules along the concentration gradient (from high concentration to low).Passive transport does not require expense of energy. It is a slow process and small sized molecules get transprorted.The key difference between active and passive cellular transport is the use of cellular energy. Passive transport does not require energy and moves substances from high to low concentration. In contrast, active transport requires energy to move substances from low to high concentration.
Explanation:The difference between active and passive cellular transport lies in the use of cellular energy. Passive transport does not require energy from the cell. Examples of passive transport include diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion. Substances move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until equilibrium is reached.
Active transport, on the other hand, does require energy in the form of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate). This is because substances are moved against their concentration gradient, from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. An example of active transport is the Sodium-Potassium pump in nerve cells.
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E. coli grown in the presence of lactose, but absence of glucose, will use the enzyme beta-galactosidase to digest lactose. How are these cells different from cells which are grown in the absence of lactose and presence of glucose
Answer: Lac operon
Explanation: the same cells when grown in glucose media utilize the glucose as source if energy by blocking the activity of the enzyme beta- galactosidase. the operator site of the operon is blocked thereby preventing the activity of the collective functional genes.
E. coli utilizes beta-galactosidase to digest lactose via induction of the lac operon when grown in lactose without glucose. However, in the presence of glucose, where lactose is absent, the lac operon is repressed preventing the production of lactose-utilizing enzymes. This is due to the operon's regulation by a repressor and the presence of catabolite repression through the catabolite activator protein.
Explanation:E. coli cells grown in the presence of lactose but the absence of glucose will create beta-galactosidase to digest lactose because lactose induces expression of the lac operon, which encodes the necessary proteins for lactose utilization, including beta-galactosidase. However, when these cells are grown in the presence of glucose and absence of lactose, the lac operon is kept repressed by a repressor protein as glucose suppresses the lac operon's activity. The repressor protein binds to the operator region of the lac operon, preventing transcription of the operon's genes which include lacZ (encoding beta-galactosidase), lacY (lactose permease), and lacA (transacetylase).
Growth on glucose inhibits the induction of the lac operon due to the presence of catabolite repression by a mechanism involving catabolite activator protein (CAP) and cyclic AMP (cAMP). Once the glucose level drops, cAMP levels rise, allowing cAMP to bind to CAP, which subsequently binds to a site near the lac operon, facilitating RNA polymerase binding and initiating transcription of the operon when lactose is present.
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