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Prelaboratory Assignment 1
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25 pts
1. A dry beaker weighing 45.48 g is completely filled with water and reweighed. The filled
flask was found to have a mass of 78.648 g at is 25 °C. The mass of water required to fill
the flask is--

Answer:

1. A mole is the amount which contains as many elementary particles as there are atoms in 12 grams of carbon-12. It is also the unit used in measuring the amount of matter. A mole also refers to the Avogadro's number of particles present in any substance.

2. 1mole of NaOH contains 6.02x10^23 atoms.

Therefore, 3.8 moles of NaOH will contain = 3.8 x 6.02x10^23 = 2.288 x 10^24 atoms

3. Molar Mass of Ca(OH)2 = 40 + 2(16+1) = 40 2(17) = 40 + 34 = 74g/mol

Explanation:

Answer:

Im bad at these questions but i think the answer is SrBr2

Explanation:

Answer:

H₂CO₃→H₂O + CO₂

Exphlanation:

Soda is carbonated water. It contains carbon dioxide dissolved in water , which is carbonic acid. On opening the soda, the carbonic acid undergoes the reverse reaction and releases carbon dioxide in the air . The soda is thus left with just water and loses it's fizz.

Answer:

H₂CO₃→H₂O + CO₂

worked it out

Answer:

D

Explanation:

A would be. space ship

Answer:

D.Physical science

Explanation:

Final answer:

In the ground state of atoms, the filling of 3d sublevels begins with scandium (Sc) and ends with copper (Cu), making the correct answer 4. SC and ending with Cu.

Explanation:

The question asks about the process of electron filling in the 3d sublevels within transition metals. In the ground state of atoms, this process begins with scandium (Sc) and ends with copper (Cu). So the correct answer to the student's question is 4. Sc and ending with Cu. Scandium, with atomic number 21, is where the 3d subshell begins to fill, and it continues to fill until the 3d subshell is complete with copper (Cu). Following this, electrons will then fill the 4p subshell.

The provided materials clarify that the 3d subshell is capable of holding up to 10 electrons, which correlates with there being 5 distinct d orbitals. Moreover, the principles of electron configuration suggest that half-filled and fully filled subshells, such as those observed in chromium (Cr) and copper (Cu), have enhanced stability due to electron distribution.

The unusual filling order of electron subshells, particularly after the 3p subshell is complete, leads to the 4s sublevel filling before the 3d sublevel. This is why the 3d sublevel does not start filling immediately after Argon (Ar), but rather after the 4s is filled, beginning with scandium (Sc).

The number of ⁶Li atoms present is 1.23 × 10²⁴ atoms

From the question, we are to determine the number of ⁶Li atoms present.

First, we will determine the number of moles of ⁶Li present.

Using the formula,

[tex]Number\ of\ moles = \frac{Mass}{Molar\ mass}[/tex]

Mass of ⁶Li = 12.3 g

Molar mass of ⁶Li = 6 g/mole

Number of moles of ⁶Li present = [tex]\frac{12.3}{6}[/tex]

Number of moles of ⁶Li present = 2.05 moles

Now, for the number of atoms

Using the formula,  

Number of atoms = Number of moles × Avogadro's constant

Then

Number of atoms of ⁶Li = 2.05 × 6.022×10²³

Number of atoms of ⁶Li = 1.23451 × 10²⁴ atoms

Number of atoms of ⁶Li ≅ 1.23 × 10²⁴ atoms

Hence, the number of ⁶Li atoms present is 1.23 × 10²⁴ atoms

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Answer:

True statements are 2, 4, 5

Explanation:

They can be broken down by chemical means because we need to break chemical bonds between two (or more) atoms.

They are pure substance because one can't separate them by physical means.

When one separate compounds on two (or more) substances, there are two (or more) different species and they all act differently.

Final answer:

A compound is a pure substance that consists of two or more elements in a fixed proportion, with properties distinct from the elements that compose it. Examples include water and table salt. Compounds can be chemically separated into simpler substances, unlike mixtures, where components retain their original properties.

Explanation:

When discussing compounds, there are key characteristics that define them. Compounds are pure substances with unique and consistent compositions that can be broken down by chemical means. Unlike a mixture, where the substances involved retain their individual properties, a compound has distinct properties that are different from those of the elements that make it up. For instance, when sodium (a soft, shiny metal) combines with chlorine (a pungent green gas), they form sodium chloride (table salt), which is a white, crystalline solid vastly different from either element.

A compound contains two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion. An example of a compound is water (H₂O), consisting of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom bonded together. A compound is not a mixture because it has a fixed composition throughout, and the attributes of its components blend to create entirely new properties.

Answer:

Because it describes the chemica

reactions that underlie all body.

Explanation:

Like movement, digestion, the pumping of your heart and even thoughts.

A basic knowledge of chemistry is crucial to understanding human physiology because processes like digestion, respiration, and all bodily functions involve chemical reactions. Concepts of chemistry like atomic structure, elements, molecules and bonds are fundamental in understanding how different nutrients and toxins impact our health and bodily functions. Thus, chemistry is instrumental in understanding human physiology.

Basic chemistry is pivotal in understanding human physiology because it forms the framework for examining the workings of the physical body. For example, chemical reactions occur when we digest food, breathe, or perform any bodily function. These reactions are dependent on the principles of chemistry. Understanding concepts such as atomic structures, elements, molecules, and bonds are fundamentals of chemistry that help us grasp how differing nutrients and toxins affect the body's performance and health. Additionally, the physiology of cell and its function, nerve transmission, muscle contraction, and homeostasis, they all have biochemical basis. Therefore, studying basic chemistry is an essential stepping stone to grasp the understanding of human physiology.

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a. Krish's container is heavier than Raunak's container.

b. Both container have the same number of atoms.

Explanation:

The molar mass of any element is equivalent to one mole of that substance.

weight of 1 mole of carbon atom is 12 g and weight of 1 mole of sodium atoms is 23 g.

So, the mass of 5 moles of carbon atoms

12 x 5 = 60 g

In this same way,

the mass of 5 moles of sodium atoms

23 x 5 = 115g

From this, we can say that Krishna’s container is heavier.

b. One mole of a carbon atom has 6.022 x 10^23 atoms and one mole of sodium also has 6.022 x 10^23 atoms.

So, 5 moles of carbon and sodium contains the same number atoms which are

5 x 6.022 x 10^23

= 3.011 x 10^24 atoms.

Answer: C. The production of heat, light and smoke

Explanation: In a chemical reaction taking place several evidence are the presence of light emission and heat is generated in the reaction. Smoke is also an indication when a chemical reaction is happening such as combustion reaction.

Explanation:

Boiling temperature is 212° F, while freezing is 32 °F, so it would be a difference of  181 degrees.

Hope you have a good day!

In the Fahrenheit scale, water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212 degrees. Hence, there are 180 degrees Fahrenheit separating the freezing and boiling points of water.

In the Fahrenheit temperature scale, the freezing point of water is 32 degrees Fahrenheit and the boiling point of water is 212 degrees Fahrenheit. To find out how many Fahrenheit degrees separate these two points, we need to subtract the freezing point from the boiling point.

212 (boiling point) - 32 (freezing point) = 180

Therefore, there are 180 degrees Fahrenheit between the freezing and boiling points of water.

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The compound with the greatest percentage by mass of nitrogen atoms is (d) NaNO3.

To determine the compound with the highest percentage by mass of nitrogen atoms, we need to calculate the molar mass and nitrogen content of each compound.

N2H4 (Hydrazine): It has a molar mass of 32 g/mol and contains 2 nitrogen atoms. Therefore, the percentage of nitrogen by mass is (2 × 14 g/mol / 32 g/mol) × 100% = 87.5%.

NH3 (Ammonia): It has a molar mass of 17 g/mol and contains 1 nitrogen atom. So, the percentage of nitrogen by mass is (1 × 14 g/mol / 17 g/mol) × 100% = 82.4%.

N2O4 (Dinitrogen tetroxide): It has a molar mass of 92 g/mol and contains 2 nitrogen atoms. The percentage of nitrogen by mass is (2 × 14 g/mol / 92 g/mol) × 100% = 30.4%.

NaNO3 (Sodium nitrate): It has a molar mass of 85 g/mol and contains 1 nitrogen atom. The percentage of nitrogen by mass is (1 × 14 g/mol / 85 g/mol) × 100% = 16.5%.

Among the given compounds, NaNO3 has the lowest percentage of nitrogen by mass, making it the compound with the greatest percentage by mass of nitrogen atoms.

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The correct answer is option a). The compound with the greatest percentage by mass of nitrogen atoms is [tex]\( {\text{N2H4}} \)[/tex] (hydrazine), with approximately 87.5% nitrogen by mass.

Let's calculate the percentage by mass of nitrogen for each compound:

Molecular Formulas:

a) N2H4 (hydrazine)

b) NH3 (ammonia)

c) N2O4 (dinitrogen tetroxide)

d) NaNO3 (sodium nitrate)

Calculation Steps:

1. Calculate the molar mass of each compound:

    Molar mass = 2(N) + 4(H) = 2(14.01) + 4(1.01) = 32.05 g/mol  

    Molar mass = 1(N) + 3(H) = 1(14.01) + 3(1.01) = 17.03 g/mol  

    Molar mass = 2(N) + 4(O) = 2(14.01) + 4(16.00) = 92.02 g/mol

    Molar mass = 1(Na) + 1(N) + 3(O) = 1(22.99) + 1(14.01) + 3(16.00) = 84.99  g/mol

2. Calculate the percentage by mass of nitrogen in each compound:

[tex]\[ \text{Percentage by mass of N} = \frac{2 \times 14.01}{32.05} \times 100\% = \frac{28.02}{32.05} \times 100\% \approx 87.5\% \][/tex]

[tex]\[ \text{Percentage by mass of N} = \frac{14.01}{17.03} \times 100\% \approx 82.3\% \][/tex]

[tex]\[ \text{Percentage by mass of N} = \frac{2 \times 14.01}{92.02} \times 100\% \approx 30.5\% \][/tex]

For NaNO3:

[tex]\[ \text{Percentage by mass of N} = \frac{14.01}{84.99} \times 100\% \approx 16.5\% \][/tex]

Answer: A

Explanation:

The price increased over time, because the numbers underneath the Y Axis Points increase as times goes on.

Answer:

1. Univalent negative ion (Cl-)

2. Divalent negative ion (O2-)

3. Divalent positive ion (Mg2+)

4. Divalent negative ion (S2-)

5. Divalent negative ion (CO3)^2-

6. Univalent negative ion (NO3) ^-

Answer:

They all have similar compounds when combine with oxygen.

Explanation:

Alkaline earth metals are present in group 2 of periodic table. There are six elements in second group. Beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium and radium.

All have two valance electrons but in different energy levels.

Electronic configuration of Beryllium:

Be = [He] 2s²

Electronic configuration of magnesium.

Mg = [Ne] 3s²

Electronic configuration of calcium.

Ca = [Ar] 4s²

They are present in group two and have same number of valance electrons (two valance electrons) and show oxidation state +2 by loosing two valance electrons. They also show similar reactivity.

They react with oxygen and form oxide.

2Be   +   O₂   →    2BeO

2Mg  +   O₂   →    2MgO

2Ca +   O₂   →    2CaO

this oxide form hydroxide when react with water,

BeO  + H₂O   →  Be(OH)₂

MgO  + H₂O   →  Mg(OH)₂

CaO  + H₂O   →  Ca(OH)₂

With sulfur,

Mg + S   →  MgS

Ca + S   →  CaS

Ba + S   →  BaS

Answer:

An open-loop system is described as:

Explanation:

A. A group of related objects that do not send out or receive feedback and cannot modify themselves

In an open-loop system:

- The system does not receive feedback on its output to make adjustments.

- The system's operation is predefined and does not depend on external input.

- There is no mechanism in place to modify the system based on the output.

An example of an open-loop system is a traditional thermostat that operates based on pre-set temperature settings without actively sensing the actual room temperature and adjusting accordingly. hope this helps!!

Answer: This is true because kinetic energy depends on speed. If there's no speed, then there is no kinetic energy.

Answer: 3.914 x 10^22 formula units

Explanation:

number of moles of NaCl = 3.8g/58.5g/mol = 0.065 moles

Formula units of NaCl = 0.065 x 6.022 x 10^23 = 3.914 x 10^22

Formula units are defined as the empirical formula of an ionic or covalent compound used to express them as independent entities.

Given that:

Given mass = 3.6 gram

Formula units =?

Molecular mass of NaCl = 58.44 g/mol

As we know:

[tex]\rm moles &= \dfrac{\text{given mass}}{molecular\; mass}[/tex]

[tex]\rm moles = \dfrac{3.6}{58.44}\\\\\rm moles = 0.061\\[/tex]

Now,

1 mole = [tex]6.022 \times 10^{23}[/tex]

[tex]\begin{aligned} \rm 0.061\; moles &= 0.061 \times 6.022 \times 10^{23}\\\\\rm moles &=3.67 \times 10^{22}\end[/tex]

Thus, the formula units in the 3.6 grams of NaCl is [tex]3.67 \times 10^{22}[/tex].

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Answer:

42.1 kj

Explanation:

Given data:

Molar heat of vaporization = 3.86×10⁴ j/mol

Mass of ethanol = 50 g

Amount of heat required to convert into gaseous form = ?

Solution:

First of all we will calculate the number of moles of ethanol.

Number of moles = mass/ molar mass

Number of moles = 50.0 g/ 46.07 g/mol

Number of moles = 1.09 mol

H(vap) = number of moles × molar heat of vaporization

H(vap) =  1.09 mol × 3.86×10⁴ j/mol

H(vap) = 4.21×10⁴ j

In Kj:

4.21×10⁴ / 1000 = 42.1 kj

Answer:

4.567x10^-5ML

The ML [tex]4.567[/tex] × [tex]10^4mL[/tex] equals the [tex]4.567[/tex] × [tex]10^-5 ML[/tex]

Given that,

 [tex]4.567[/tex] × [tex]10^4mL[/tex]

To find,

Number of [tex]ML[/tex] in [tex]4.567[/tex] × [tex]10^4mL[/tex] = ?

Procedure:

As we know,

[tex]mL[/tex] is characterized as a fraction unit of volume

[tex]ML[/tex] is volume's manifold unit.

[tex]mL = 10^-3 L[/tex]

[tex]ML = 10^6 L[/tex]

Therefore,

[tex]1 L = 1000 mL[/tex] & [tex]1 ML = 1000000L[/tex]

Using this formula,

[tex]4.567[/tex] × [tex]10^4mL[/tex] into [tex]ML[/tex]

=  [tex]4.567[/tex] × [tex]10^4mL[/tex] × [tex]1L/1000mL[/tex] × [tex]1ML/1000000L[/tex]

= [tex]4.567[/tex] × [tex]10^-5 ML[/tex]

Thus,  [tex]4.567[/tex] × [tex]10^4mL[/tex] equals the [tex]4.567[/tex] × [tex]10^-5 ML[/tex].

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Answer:the hydronium ion changes from 1x10^-5 to 1x10^-3M

Explanation:Please see attachment for explanation

Answer:

d = 283.68 g/mL

Explanation:

Here the unit given are gram/ milliliter. The given data shows that its density, because,

density = mass/ volume

d = m/v

d = 30.07 g/ 0.106 mL

d = 283.68 g/mL

Density:

Density is equal to the mass of substance divided by its volume.

Units:

SI unit of density is Kg/m3.

Other units are given below,

g/cm3, g/mL , kg/L

Formula:

D=m/v

D= density

m=mass

V=volume

Symbol:

The symbol used for density is called rho. It is represented by ρ. However letter D can also be used to represen t the density.

Answer:

C. A conductor that has less conductivity than do metallic

conductors

Explanation:

Semi means less

Answer:

C. A conductor that has less conductivity than metallic conductors

Explanation:

A semiconductor can conduct electricity, so they're not insulators, but the conductivity isn't as effective as a metal.

Final answer:

The pendulum's mechanical energy alternates between potential energy and kinetic energy as it swings from point 1 to 3, with potential energy being maximum at the endpoints and kinetic energy maximum at the midpoint.

Explanation:

As a pendulum swings from point 1 to point 3, its mechanical energy experiences a transformation between two forms: potential energy (PE) and kinetic energy (KE). At the highest points in its swing (points 1 and 3), the pendulum's potential energy is at a maximum because it's the highest from the equilibrium position and its kinetic energy is zero as the velocity is zero. As it passes through the mid-point (point 2), the pendulum has its maximum kinetic energy because it's moving the fastest and its potential energy is at a minimum. Therefore, the correct answer is A: Potential energy is converted to kinetic energy and back again. This is because as the pendulum falls from point 1, the potential energy is being converted into kinetic energy until it reaches point 2, where kinetic energy is maximum. As it moves from point 2 to point 3, kinetic energy is converted back into potential energy.

Answer: 3.41 mL

Explanation: Solution:

Use Combine gas law to solve this problem.

P1V1 / T1 = P2V2 / T2

First convert temperature to K

T1 = 47 °C + 273 = 320 K

T2= 107°C + 273 = 380 K

Derive to find V2:

V2 = P1 V1 T2 / T1 P2

Substitute the values:

V2= 1.03 atm x 2.20 mL x 380 K /

320 K x 0.789 atm

= 3.41 mL

Cancel out the units of atm and K so the remaining unit is in mL.

Using the combined gas law equation, we can find the new volume of a gas given its initial volume, temperature, and pressure.

To solve this problem, we can use the combined gas law equation: PV/T = constant. Since the volume, pressure, and temperature of the gas change, we can set up the equation as follows: (1.03 atm)(2.20 mL)/(47°C) = (0.789 atm)(V2)/(107°C). We can then solve for V2 to find the new volume of the gas.

Using this equation, we can rearrange it to:

V2 = (1.03 atm)(2.20 mL)(107°C)/(0.789 atm)(47°C)

Calculating the values, we find that V2 is approximately 4.61 mL.

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Answer:

FALSE!!

Explanation: some substances like gas or liquid do not have a definite composition/shape

The statement is true. A substance is matter that has a definite composition.

The statement 'A substance is matter that has a definite composition' is TRUE.

In Chemistry, a substance is defined as matter that has a specific and definite composition. This means that a substance is made up of specific types and amounts of atoms or molecules. Examples of substances include water (H2O), salt (NaCl), and oxygen (O2).

Understanding the concept of substances is important in Chemistry because it helps us classify and identify different types of matter based on their composition.

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Answer:

a. 5.6 L

b. can be find without given mass or Molar mass

Explanation:

Data given:

mole of unknown gas = 0.25 mol

volume of gas = ?

mass of the sample = ?

Solution:

Yes we can find volume of the gas by using its amount of moles.

To find the volume of the gas at STP the following formula can be used

            no. of moles = volume of gas / molar volume

Rearrange the above formula

           volume of gas = no. of moles x molar volume . . . . . (1)

Where

molar mass of gas = 22.4 L/mol

Put values in equation 1

        volume of gas = 0.25 mol x 22.4 (L/mol)

       volume of gas = 5.6 L

So the volume of gas is 5.6 L.

_____

Q. Can you predict the mass of the sample?

To find mass of the gas we must know the molar mass of gas.

if we Know the molar mass of gas the by using ideal gas equation we can find mass of unknown gas

ideal gas equation

          PV = nRT . . . . . . .(1)

where

n = m/M . . . . . . (2)

by combining equation 1 and 2 we get following equation

          PV = m/MRT . . . . . . .(3)

Now by rearranging equation 3 we can find mass of gas or Molar mass of gas. but one value must be given.

Answer: Radiation

Explanation: The sun transfers heat energy through radiation since in a vacuum it does not require any medium to allow heat flow.