Most of today’s environmental problems began during which period(s) in human history?

To indicate the splitting or separation of a compound using water, the prefix 'hydro-' is added to 'lysis', forming the word 'hydrolysis'. This chemical reaction is crucial in breaking down polymers into their monomeric units.

The prefix you would add to lysis to mean separate or split using water is hydro-. The complete term is hydrolysis, which is a chemical process where water is used to split a substance into smaller molecules. In the context of polymers, hydrolysis plays an essential role by breaking the covalent bonds between monomers, splitting them into smaller units, often through the addition of a hydrogen ion (H+) to one monomer and a hydroxyl group (OH) to the other, effectively dismantling the polymer chain.

You can identify a DNA nucleotide by the presence of a deoxyribose sugar, instead of ribose, and the presence of the base thymine, instead of uracil like in RNA. The key components of a nucleotide are a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and one or more phosphate groups. DNA and RNA differ in the type of pentose sugar and one of the bases they incorporate.

You can tell that this is an image of a DNA nucleotide, and not an RNA nucleotide, because you see a deoxyribose sugar instead of ribose. Additionally, you can look to see if there is the base thymine present, which is in DNA, instead of uracil, which is in RNA.

Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA and RNA. Each nucleotide comprises a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and one or more phosphate groups. The carbon residues in the pentose are numbered 1' through 5' (with the prime distinguishing these residues from those in the base, which are numbered without applying a prime notation). The base is affixed to the 1' position of the ribose, and the phosphate to the 5' position. When a polynucleotide forms, like a DNA or RNA molecule, the 5' phosphate of the incoming nucleotide connects to the 3' hydroxyl group at the end of the growing chain.

The critical difference lies in the pentose sugar included in the nucleotide. DNA contains deoxyribose, which is similar in structure to ribose that is found in RNA. However, deoxyribose has an H instead of an OH at the 2' position.

Moreover, DNA nucleotides incorporate the four bases adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T), and cytosine (C). In contrast, RNA uses uracil (U) as a substitute for thymine (T). So, if you see a nucleotide with thymine, that is a direct indicator of DNA. By understanding the core differences between DNA and RNA nucleotides one can easily distinguish between them by examining a given image or model.

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Answer: Option C

Explanation:

Jellyfish and Corals both belong to Phylum Cnidaria thus, they are known as Cnidarians.

They both possess radial symmetry and in their defense mechanism they both use stinging tentacles which release venom for their protection. Due to this reason they are known as Nettle Animals.

Therefore the right statement is "Option C Both are cnidarians".

Earth's early atmosphere was shaped initially by the photosynthesis of land plants. Thus, the correct option for this question is D.

The Coriolis effects deflect objects to the right side in the Northern Hemisphere. Thus, the correct option for this question is A.

The way that monsoon winds blow during the summer months is towards the land. Thus, the correct option for this question is B.

The statement which is correct about the Coriolis effect is that the Coriolis effect is weakest at the poles. Thus, the correct option for this question is C.

The Coriolis effect may be characterized as a type of effect which is stimulated by the rotation of the earth on its axis. This rotation circulates air toward the right in the Northern Hemisphere and toward the left in the Southern Hemisphere.

In monsoon, the air blows from the southwest during the warmest months of the year. The Coriolis effect is seen as weakest at the poles and strongest at the equator. It deflects the wind in the right direction. Instead of circulating in a straight pattern, the air deflects toward the right in the Northern Hemisphere and toward the left in the Southern Hemisphere.

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Final answer:

Earth's early atmosphere was formed by volcanic outgassing (option C). The Coriolis effect deflects objects to the right (which is option A) in the Northern Hemisphere. Summer monsoon winds bring heavy rains by blowing towards land (option B), and the Coriolis effect works at right angle to the direction of airflow (option D) and influences wind and ocean current directions due to Earth's rotation.

Explanation:

To answer your four questions:

Answer:

The correct answer is option D, that is, her sexual behavior and smoking.

Explanation:

In the given case, sexual behavior and smoking are the controllable risk elements for the woman. She has no control over her age, the number of sex partners she has had in the past, or her heredity. So she can now just try to minimize her risk of developing cancers by becoming more sensible when it comes to sex and should always make sure that is safe, and at the same time should either quit or reduce smoking.

Answer:

Frequency of the RR [tex]= 72.25[/tex]%

Explanation:

Given -

R is the dominant allele and r is the recessive allele.

The frequency of the r allele is [tex]15[/tex]%[tex]= 0.15[/tex]

The frequency of the R allele is [tex]85[/tex]%[tex]= 0.85[/tex]

As per Hardy Weinberg's equation-

[tex]p = 0.85[/tex]

[tex]q = 0.15[/tex]

Also, evolution is not occurring is the basic assumption of Hardy Weinberg's principle.

Frequency of the RR genotype is equal to [tex]p^{2}[/tex]

Substituting the value of "p" we get

[tex]p^{2} = 0.85^{2} \\= 0.7225\\= 72.25[/tex]

C-affect the chemical structure of a substance

The most important part of the body that shows non-specific defense against invading pathogens is skin (A). They include sweat, acid, mucus, oil in non-specific defense (B).

Further Explanation:

Skin is the major organ of the body, which has several features that shield the body from infections. Skin plays a very important role in nonspecific defense against pathogens. The skin surface receives the secretions from the sweat glands which contains lysozyme. This enzyme is responsible for digesting the bacterial cell wall. This feature alone does not make the skin barrier to infections. The acidic pH and mucus secretion also contribute to the barrier properties of the skin.

The sweat glands and oils are accountable for the acidic pH of 3-5 of the skin surface. This pH is acidic enough to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. The skin surface receives the secretions from the sweat glands which contains lysozyme. This enzyme is responsible for digesting the bacterial cell wall. The mucus that is secreted by the skin is a sticky fluid that is responsible for trapping the microorganisms.

The mucus that is secreted by the skin is a sticky fluid that is responsible for trapping the microorganisms. This is one of the few characteristic features of the skin that is responsible for acting as a barrier to infection.

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Answer Details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Biology

Topic: Non-Specific Defense

Keywords:

Skin surface, non-specific defense, skin, lysozyme, interferons, complements, trap, Micro-organism, cell wall, sweat gland, oil, surface.

The answer is left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

The homeostasis is an organism's ability to maintain a stable internal environment. It is a mechanism that controls internal conditions of an organism so that internal conditions remain stable without regard to the external conditions. So, it regulates body temperature, water level, sugar level, etc. For example, if body temperature is increased, the body detects the change and activate mechanisms that decrease body temperature. 

Final answer:

The Cambrian explosion is falsely attributed as a disaster; in reality, it was a significant period of evolutionary diversification following a mass extinction in the Precambrian, not a mass extinction itself.

Explanation:

The statement 'The disaster called the Cambrian explosion resulted in a tremendous mass extinction' is false. The Cambrian explosion was not a disaster, but rather a period of rapid evolutionary diversification. After the Precambrian mass extinction, which ended around 544 million years ago, there was a dramatic increase in the diversity of life forms during the Cambrian period. This burst of evolution resulted in the appearance of most of the major animal phyla as seen in the fossil record, laying the foundation for modern biodiversity.

Mass extinctions have indeed occurred at different times in Earth's history, but these are distinct events, separate from the Cambrian explosion. The Cambrian explosion represented an era of extraordinary diversification and the origin of complex multicellularity. The new forms of life rapidly evolved into a wide variety of organisms, such as primitive sponges and small ocean invertebrates like trilobites.

"The correct answer is b) The electrons of those atoms are closer to the nucleus.

Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract and hold onto electrons in a chemical bond. In the periodic table, electronegativity generally increases from left to right across a period and decreases from top to bottom down a group.

The reason for the trend across periods is due to the effective nuclear charge experienced by the valence electrons. As one moves from left to right across a period, the number of protons in the nucleus increases, which increases the nuclear charge. However, since all the electrons are added to the same principal energy level, the added electrons do not screen the outermost electrons from the nucleus effectively. This results in a greater effective nuclear charge pulling the valence electrons closer to the nucleus, thus increasing the electronegativity.

In contrast, as one moves down a group, the valence electrons are in higher principal energy levels, which are further from the nucleus. Despite the increase in the number of protons and electrons, the added inner electrons effectively screen the outermost electrons from the increased nuclear charge. This results in a decrease in the effective nuclear charge on the valence electrons, and thus a decrease in electronegativity.

Therefore, atoms in the top rows of the periodic table have higher electronegativity because their valence electrons are closer to the nucleus due to the higher effective nuclear charge, which is not effectively screened by inner electrons. This makes it harder for these atoms to lose electrons and easier to gain them, leading to a higher electronegativity."

Answer:

The substances that must be present for cellular respiration to occur are oxygen, enzymes, and organic molecules.

Explanation:

Cellular respiration is a process in which organic molecules are oxidized and production of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) occurs, which is used by living beings to meet their energy needs. Cellular respiration only occurs in the presence of oxygen, so this substance is inaccurate for this cellular process. The whole process of cellular respiration occurs with the action of enzymes that use an organic molecule as a substrate to create another molecule necessary for the cellular respiration process. For this reason, we can say that enzymes and organic molecules are also indispensable substances for cellular respiration.

Answer:

A

Explanation:

A is the right one

The process of photosynthesis in plants, algae, and certain bacteria produces sugar and oxygen. The sunlight energy splits water molecules in plants into hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen is used to convert carbon dioxide into sugar for the plant’s own growth and the oxygen is released in the atmosphere.

The process of photosynthesis is crucial to the existence of life on earth. This biological process is carried out by plants, algae, and certain bacteria, where they convert light energy, usually from the sun, into chemical energy. The correct answer to your question, 'The process of photosynthesis produces __________ and __________,' is 'sugar; oxygen'.

Sunlight is captured by the chlorophyll in the cells of the plant, and it is this energy that splits water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. The oxygen is released as a byproduct and the hydrogen is used to convert carbon dioxide into sugar, which the plant uses to grow and reproduce.

Therefore, photosynthesis primarily results in the creation of two products, sugar (for the plant’s own energy needs) and oxygen (which is released into the atmosphere and used by animals and humans for respiration).

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nervous system, skeletal system, and muscular system

Answer;

Explanation;

Plants are multicellular organisms that have evolved the ability to live on land. The vast majority can carry out photosynthesis, but they are not the only organisms with this ability: many protists can photosynthesize too, as can several important groups of bacteria.

Plants are thought to have evolved from a class of freshwater green algae called the charophytes. Two particular groups of charophyte, the Coleochaetales and the Charales, resemble the earliest land plants (bryophytes) in a variety of ways, including the structure of their chloroplasts and sperm cells, and the way their cells divide during mitosis .

The correct order of the events of plant evolution is 2,5,3, 1, 4, 7 and 6.

The sequential order of the events of plant evolution:

2 - Rise of eukaryotes.

5 - Rise of cyanobacteria.

3 - Rise of chemoautotrophs and photoautotrophs.

1 - Rise of multicellularity.

4 - Rise of bryophytes.

7 - Rise of gymnosperms.

6 - Rise of angiosperms.

The evolution of plants are:

1. Rise of Multicellularity: This evolution marks the change from unicellular to multicellular life.

2. Eukaryotes are complex celled organisms that contain organelles that are bound by membranes.

3. Chemoautotrophs and photoautotrophs are organisms that can make their own food, and both are on the rise.

4. Photoautotrophs use sunlight, while chemoautotrophs require inorganic materials.

5. Emergence of Cyanobacteria: Blue-green algae, commonly called cyanobacteria, were the first photosynthetic organisms, and they had a major impact on the development of Earth's atmosphere.

6. Gymnosperms are a group of plants that have seeds that are not contained within the fruits from which they emerge. These include conifers, cycads, and ginkgo trees.

7. Angiosperms are the most numerous and dominant class of plants on Earth today. These are commonly called flowering plants.

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The answer to your question is:

B. She has one allele for the disorder.

I hope this helps

Answer:

D. translocation    

Explanation:

Your best answer would be the interior and the sun

The answer is B, Phagoctosis.

Phagocytosis cell process requires energy expenditure. So, the correct option is (B).

Phagocytosis is the process in which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a large particle which gives rise to an internal compartment called a phagosome. It is a type of endocytosis. A cell that performs phagocytosis is called a phagocyte.

In this process, a cell binds to the object it wants to ingest on the surface of the cell and pulls the object inward while wrapping itself around it. This process occurs when the cell is trying to destroy something. For example, a virus or an infected cell. This process is often used by cells of the immune system.

Extracellular ATP Is required for Efficient Phagocytosis.

Thus, Phagocytosis cell process requires energy expenditure. So, the correct option is (B).

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The main purpose of a cellular metabolic process is to produce the usable energy that is in Option B, as the cellular metabolism is for the production of the ATP that is needed by the cell.

The term "cellular metabolism" refers to the process by which the cell uses oxygen and glucose to produce ATP, which is then used in other distinct processes such as replication, movement of the cell's molecules, and so on, and excreting the debris or carbon dioxide outside. This is critical for cell function and survival, as the cell needs energy to live.

Hence, the main purpose of a cellular metabolic process is to produce the usable energy that is in Option B, as the cellular metabolism is for the production of the ATP that is needed by the cell.

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Answer:

C. parthenogenesis.

Explanation:

Parthenogenesis is a type of reproduction which occurs in extreme conditions in which an off-spring is born from an ovum (egg) even if the egg does not get fertilized by the male gamete. It is a type of asexual reproduction. It is exclusive to only a few invertebrates and lower plants. Parthenogenesis term is derived from a greek word which means "virgin birth". Since the new individual is reproduced out of an unfertilized egg the progeny resembles only one parent i.e. mother.

Answer: The correct answer is-

b.  Pesticides prevent the destruction of crops.

Pesticides can be described as chemicals, which are primarily are used to control/ kill pest population that can other destroy the crops.

In other words, they are utilized in crop protection against pest such as weeds, insects, and other pests.

For instance, caterpillars, which feed on cabbage crop, are killed using pesticides, leading to high yields and better cabbage quality.

By preventing crops from destruction by pests, these chemicals lead increase  in the crop yields, and the times in one year that a crop could be cultivated on the field.

Thus, option b) is the right answer.