The terms achromatic, logophile, autophagy, multiparous, and anthropometry match definitions E, C, D, B, and A, respectively. Humans are both heterotrophs and omnivores.
Explanation:The terms achromatic, logophile, autophagy, multiparous, and anthropometry can be matched with their definitions as follows:
Achromatic refers to something that is lacking color (E).Logophile is someone who is a lover of words (C).Autophagy is the process by which the body consumes its own tissue, described as the drawing of nourishment by the body from its own tissue (D).Multiparous describes an individual that is capable of giving birth to more than one offspring at a time (B).Anthropometry is the measurement of the human body (A).Regarding the terms related to dietary habits and trophic levels:
Humans are classified as heterotrophs because they acquire nutrients by consuming organic substances from other organisms.They are also considered omnivores because their diet includes both plant and animal materials.Which of the following is not true of pyrimidines?
A. example: thymine
B. have a single ring structure
C. example: cytosine
D. example: adenine
Final answer:
The statement that lists adenine as a pyrimidine is incorrect because adenine is actually a purine with a two-ring structure.
Explanation:
The question regarding pyrimidines aims to identify which statement is not true about them. Pyrimidines, which include thymine and cytosine, are characterized by having a single ring structure. This is opposed to purines like adenine and guanine, which consist of two carbon-nitrogen rings. Given this information, the statement that is not true of pyrimidines is the one that lists adenine as an example (option D), as adenine is actually a purine, not a pyrimidine.
In a winter of an epidemic flu, 2000 babies were surveyed by a well-known pharmaceutical company to determine if the company's new medicine was effective after two days. Among 120 babies who had the flu and were given the medicine, 29 were cured within two days. Among 280 babies who had the flu but were not given the medicine, 56 were cured within two days. Is there any significant indication that supports the company's claim of the effectiveness of the medicine?
Final answer:
A preliminary comparison of cure rates indicates a slight advantage for the medicated group over the non-medicated group, but statistical analysis is required to determine significance. The medicine's goal is to manage symptoms, as complete prevention is not typically achievable with current antivirals like oseltamivir.
Explanation:
To assess the effectiveness of the pharmaceutical company's new flu medicine, we can compare the cure rates between the group that received the medicine and the group that did not. In the medicated group, 29 out of 120 babies were cured within two days, giving us a cure rate of approximately 24.2%. In contrast, the non-medicated group saw 56 out of 280 babies cured, which translates to a cure rate of around 20%.
While there is a numerical difference between the cure rates of the two groups, to determine if this difference is statistically significant, a hypothesis test such as Chi-square or Fisher's exact test would usually be conducted. These tests would provide a p-value that, when compared against a chosen significance level (commonly 0.05), would indicate whether the observed difference in cure rates could be due to chance or if it is statistically significant. However, without further statistical analysis, we cannot make a definitive conclusion on the effectiveness of the medicine.
It is also important to note that antivirals like oseltamivir and other medications prescribed for flu symptoms work to reduce symptom duration and inhibit the spread of virus but are not curative. They are part of the recommended treatment protocols for managing flu symptoms along with prophylactic antimicrobials and over-the-counter drugs to alleviate fever and headache.
A microbial ecologist wants to study a bacterium that is adapted to growth in lake water containing very low nutrient concentrations. Assuming that a suitable growth medium is available for this organism, which type of culture would be best to use for growing this organism in the lab?
A) this organism cannot be grown in the lab.
B) a batch culture using a low-nutrient medium
C) on Petri plates containing a low-nutrient medium
D) a chemostat using a low-nutrient medium
Answer: D) a chemostat using a low-nutrient medium
Explanation:
A chemostat is a bioreactor in which a constant chemical environment is maintained. In the bioreactor the fresh medium is added, whereas the culture liquid, left out nutrients, microorganisms and metabolic end products are removed from the medium at the same rate to keep the volume of the culture constant.
The volume and concentration of the nutrient medium can be maintained in the chemostat bioreactor.
According to the given situation, the bacteria can be cultured in low-nutrient growth medium that is the lake water to observe its adaptation under the low-nutrient concentration.
In a large population of randomly breeding foxes, a dominant allele results in a soft, brown pelt, while a recessive allele results in a rough, grey pelt. The dominant allele is found in 80% of the population while the recessive allele is found in 20%. There is no migration, drift, or selection in the population. When human beings enter this habitat, they selectively hunt foxes with brown pelts. After many generations of this activity, how will this population change? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
Answer:
The frequency of the recessive allele which codes for grey pelt character will rise above 20%, while the that of the dominant allele that confers brown pelt character will decrease below 80%.
Explanation:
Since the population of foxes with brown pelts are being selectively hunted by humans, the population of foxes with brown pelts will keep reducing while the population of foxes with grey pelt will thrive in its place.
Hence, the the frequency of the recessive allele which confers grey pelt attribute will rise above original 20% within the population, while the dominant allele will decrease below 80%.
Adult male humans generally have deeper voices than do adult female humans, which is the direct result of higher levels of testosterone causing growth of the larynx. If the fossil records of apes and humans alike show a trend toward decreasing larynx size in adult females and increasing larynx size in adult males, then _________.a. sexual dimorphism was developing over time in these speciesb. intrasexual selection seems to have occurredc. stabilizing selection was occurring in these species concerning larynx sized. selection was acting more directly upon genotype than upon phenotype
Answer:
a. sexual dimorphism was developing over time in these species
Explanation:
Sexual dimorphism is an evolutionary change that occurs over time in species, which could be as a result of sexual selection which makes both sex of a species develop a systematic difference in form, which can manifest in terms of body size, color, secondary sex characteristics, and size of some structures such as larynx size which accounts for deeper voices in males in relation to levels of testosterone. This is later passed across from generation to generation over time.
Which one of the following statements is true of enzyme catalysts? A) Their catalytic activity is independent of pH. B) They are generally equally active on D and L isomers of a given substrate. C) They can increase the equilibrium constant for a given reaction by a thousand-fold or more. D) They can increase the reaction rate for a given reaction by a thousand-fold or more. E) To be effective, they must be present at the same concentration as their substrate
Answer:
D) They can increase the reaction rate for a given reaction by a thousand-fold or more.
Explanation:
Enzymes are like catalysts with the only difference that they are bio-molecules. Biochemical/chemical reactions are slow because of 'transition state barriers' which require a lot of energy to overcome so enzymes rather than overcoming transition state barrier provide an alternate pathway for biochemical reactions which require comparatively less energy. Thus presence of an enzyme leads to an increase in reaction rate because alternate pathway which requires less energy makes the rate of chemical reaction rapid by a thousand-fold or more.
The correct statement about enzyme catalysts is that they can increase the reaction rate for a given reaction by a thousand-fold or more. They do this by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction.
Explanation:The statement that is true of enzyme catalysts is D) They can increase the reaction rate for a given reaction by a thousand-fold or more. Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms, and they can indeed increase the rate of a reaction drastically. This increased reaction rate is achieved by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction, thereby allowing it to proceed much faster than it would without the enzyme.
It is crucial to note that the other options provided are incorrect because the catalytic activity of enzymes is often dependent on pH (choice A is incorrect), enzymes show specificity towards the D or L form of an isomer (choice B is incorrect), they cannot change the equilibrium constant of a reaction but just speed up the rate at which equilibrium is achieved (choice C is incorrect), and they can typically function at much lower concentrations than their substrates (choice E is incorrect).
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During a party, Michael was talking to a friend about the symbolism involved in a recent movie. Michael attributed the explanation of the symbolism to a prominent movie critic, when actually he heard it from his roommate. This example illustrates which of the following phenomena?a. Source-monitoring error
b. Serial position effect
c. Cryptomnesia
d. Amnesia
Answer:
a. Source-monitoring error
Explanation:
Source-monitoring error is a phenomenon that refers to a type of memory error in which an individual’s recall of a memory or experience is disrupted leading to incorrect attribution of an experience to an incorrect source. Several factors have been identified to be the cause of this memory error. They include, brain injury, amnesia, depression, aging, high stress level, etc.
Answer:
A. Source-monitoring error.
Explanation:
Source monitoring errors occur when normal memory recall and perceptual processes are disrupted and a memory error occurs. Source monitoring itself is an unconscious mental test that humans perform in order to determine if a memory is "real" and accurate as opposed to being from an extraneous source like a dream or a movie. People use many sources to determine the source of a memory or idea. When a disruption in source monitoring occurs errors in recall can result as a source monitoring error. These occur when a specific recalled experience is falsely attributed to be the source of a particular memory.
In this instance now, Michael was talking to someone about symbolism in a recent movie. Instead of Michael to attributes the explanation to his roommate that told him, he attributed the explanation to a prominent movie critic.
The water-to-land transition occurred independently several times in the protostomes. What is not an example of an adaptation for terrestrial living that may have arisen by convergent evolution?
Answer: Decreased surface to volume ratios to increase the efficiency of the gas exchange in air
Explanation:
The protostomes are coelomate invertebrates in which the mouth is been formed firstly from an opening called the blastopore. They are arthropods, mollusks, and annelids.The important difference between protostomes and deuterostomes is between the point of the blastopore. In protostomes, the blastopore is been developed into the mouth, and the opposite cavity develops into the anus. While In deuterostomes (the group that includes echinoderms and vertebrates ), the blastopore in been developed into the anus.
The human stress system evolved to deal with events such as getting chased by a lion. Which modern stress activates the stress system in the same way as getting chased by a lion?
Final answer:
Modern stressors like public speaking or deadlines trigger the fight or flight response similar to ancestral threats like being chased by a lion. This chronic activation of the stress system can lead to serious health issues.
Explanation:
The modern stress that activates the stress system in the same way as getting chased by a lion would be psychological threats, such as public speaking or facing a looming deadline. These modern stressors activate the fight or flight response, which the human nervous system has evolved over millions of years to handle immediate physical threats. The autonomic nervous system triggers a series of hormonal and physiological adjustments when faced with such stress. Unfortunately, modern stressors tend to be prolonged and can lead to chronic activation of this system, which can have serious health consequences, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, anxiety disorders, depression, and impaired judgment.
In a hypothetical situation, a certain species of flea feeds only on pronghorn antelopes. In rangelands of the western United States, pronghorns and cattle often associate with one another. If some of these fleas develop a strong preference for cattle blood and mate only with other fleas that prefer cattle blood, then over time which of these should occur, if the host mammal can be considered as the fleas' habitat
OPTIONS:
1. reproductive isolation
2. sympatric speciation
3. habitat isolation
4. prezygotic barriers
Answer:
All of the above
Explanation:
First, let us consider the definition of the above listed terms in the question and see each come to play in the hypothetical situation.
Reproductive isolation occurs when two similar species become prevented from mating together as a result of environmental barriers. This can be seen in the flea population, as they become separated by ecological barrier, since some now live on pronghorn antelopes, while others live on cattle.
Sympatric speciation is a speciation that occurs when new species evolved from an ancestor that they share the same geographical region together, but dwell in overlapping different ecological area.For example, fleas that have preference for cattle blood evolved from pronghorn antelopes fleas, as their ancestor. The two species both dwell in overlapping ranges but still in the same rangeland.
Habitat isolation is a barrier that prevents two species from interbreeding as a result of differences in where they live. For example, fleas on cattle cannot interbreed with fleas on pronghorn antelopes.
Prezygotic barriers are reproductive mechanisms that prevent fertilization. Habitat isolation is an example of prezygotic reproductive mechanism that prevents fertilization to take place between fleas on cattle and fleas on pronghorn antelopes.
The sensory receptors of the inner ear for equilibrium are
The inner ear structures responsible for equilibrium are the utricle, saccule, and three semicircular canals. They contain hair cells with stereocilia that sense head position and movement. Signals from these structures reach the brain stem and cerebellum via the vestibulocochlear nerve.
Explanation:The sensory receptors of the inner ear responsible for equilibrium, or balance, are primarily located within the vestibule of the inner ear. Specific structures involved are the utricle, saccule, and the three semicircular canals.
Each of these structures plays a distinctive role in maintaining equilibrium: the utricle and saccule help sense head position, while the semicircular canals sense head movement. They contain mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells with stereocilia, that sense your body's position and motion and send this information to the brain.
The sensory signals generated in these structures are transmitted to the brain via the vestibulocochlear nerve, eventually reaching the brain stem and cerebellum, thereby allowing you to maintain balance and orientation.
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Otolith receptors in the inner ear help detect balance and head movements by transducing signals to the brain.
Otolith receptors are two inner ear vestibular receptors that transduce linear accelerations and head tilt into neural signals for detecting balance. These receptors, located in the utricle and saccule, play a crucial role in maintaining equilibrium. The neural signals from these receptors are transmitted to the brain for interpretation.
All of the following would likely be the location for a biodiversity hotspot EXCEPT: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Answer choices tropical biome. mountain ecosystem. island ecosystem. tundra biome.
Explanation:
All of the given option can be the biodiversity hotspots EXCEPT:
Tundra biome.
Biodiversity is defined as the total number of species present within a biogeographic region.
A biodiversity hotspot is that geographic area where significant biodiversity exists.
A tropical biome, a mountain ecosystem and an island ecosystem can have a significant biodiversity depending on the climate and other environmental condition.
A tundra biome is totally covered with snow and have a very few areas of vegetation and could support only a few species So it cannot be a choice for Biodiversity hotspot.
In C3 plants the conservation of water promotes_______.a. photorespiration. b. a shift to C4.c. photosynthesis.d. the opening of stomata.e. the light reactions.
Answer:
A) photorespiration.
Explanation:
Photorespiration is the harmful metabolic process which takes place when the concentration of oxygen in the leaf increases compared to carbon dioxide.
The RUBISCO enzyme which usually binds the carbon dioxide now binds the oxygen and form the phosphoglycolate and 3 phosphoglycerate. The phosphoglycolate is lost through the Calvin cycle as Carbon dioxide molecule. This loss proves harmful to the plants.
The photorespiration occurs when the plant faces high temperature therefore n order to prevent water loss the stomata gets closed. This result in the binding of the oxygen to the RUBISCO and thus photorespiration begins.
Thus, Option-A is correct.
What is genetic drift? View Available Hint(s) What is genetic drift? The motion of continental plates over time The physical splitting of a habitat The production of an evolutionarily independent group of organisms
Genetic drift is a random change in allele frequencies that occurs in a small population. It can lead to the elimination of an allele from a population by chance. This process can occur more quickly in small populations and can be magnified by natural or human-caused events.
Explanation:Genetic drift is a random change in allele frequencies that occurs in a small population. It is the effect of random chance on a population, where the allele frequencies in the offspring differ from the allele frequencies in the parents. Genetic drift can lead to the elimination of an allele from a population by chance. This process can occur more quickly in small populations, and it can also be magnified by natural or human-caused events, such as disasters or migrations.
The process of straightening an unsaturated fatty acid to create a more solid fat that resists rancidity is called
Answer:
The correct answer is hydrogenation
Explanation:
The process of straightening an unsaturated fatty to produce more saturated and more solid fat is called hydrogenation. In the process of hydrogenation, the hydrogen is added to the liquid unsaturated fats to convert them into solid fat.
Hydrogenation helps in increasing the shelf life of the oil by resisting rancidity. Most of the trans fat in our diet is made from the process of hydrogenation. Fully hydrogenated oil contains a very small amount of trans fat and is better than trans fat which is partially hydrogenated.
Answer:
Hydrogenation.
Explanation:
Two main types of fatty acid are unsaturated fatty acid and saturated fatty acid. The saturated fatty acid has single bond in their structure whereas unsaturated fatty acid has double or triple bond.
The hydrogenation may be defined as the addition of hydrogen molecules to the unsaturated fatty acids that makes them saturated. This process in the presence of palladium that acts as catalyst for the reaction. The increases in saturation level decreases the rancidity as well.
Thus, the answer is hydrogenation.
When the diet lacks fiber and the volume of residues in the colon is small, the colon narrows and its contractions become more powerful, increasing the pressure on its walls. That promotes formation of __________.
Explanation:
Diverticula are little, protruding pockets that can shape in the covering of your stomach related framework. They are discovered regularly in the lower some portion of the internal organ (colon). Diverticula are normal, particularly after age 40, and only from time to time cause issues. Once in a while, notwithstanding, at least one of the pockets become aggravated or contaminated. That condition is known as diverticulitis Diverticulitis can cause serious fever, nausea, abdominal pain. Mellow diverticulitis can be treated with rest, changes in your eating routine and anti-infection agents.Lack of dietary fiber can lead to the formation of diverticula, known as diverticulosis, and inflammation of these pouches is known as diverticulitis. Dietary fibers are crucial for maintaining colon health and reducing the risk of colon cancer by providing bulk and stimulating peristalsis.
Explanation:When the diet lacks fiber and there's decreased volume of residues in the colon, this can cause the formation of diverticula, a condition known as diverticulosis. When these diverticula become inflamed, the condition is known as diverticulitis, similar to how an inflamed appendix is called appendicitis.
The colon responds to a diet lacking in fiber by narrowing and increasing the pressure within its walls. This is a result of the colon contracting more powerfully to move the smaller volume of fecal matter, which can contribute to the development of diverticulosis and potentially lead to diverticulitis if inflammation occurs.
Regular intake of both soluble fiber, like inulin, and insoluble fiber, which includes nondigestible carbohydrates that do not dissolve in water, is important for colon health. These types of dietary fiber help maintain regularity, soften stools, and enhance the strength of colonic contractions, thereby reducing the risk of conditions like diverticulosis. Moreover, fiber intake is inversely associated with the risk of colon cancer.
As part of your summer research project, your professor has asked you to perform comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). He gives you DNA from one person who you know nothing about (referred to as the test subject). You use this DNA as a template to make green fluorescent DNA. You also make red fluorescent DNA with DNA from a control person. When you perform CGH, you are surprised to find that the ratio of green to red fluorescence is 2 along all of chromosome 18. You conclude:____________.A. the control person must be missing chromosome 18.
B. the test subject is likely to have cancer.
C. the test subject likely has Edward Syndrome.
D. the test subject likely has Down Syndrome.
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Edward syndrome is also called as trisomy which is a genetic disorder. This disorder is caused due to the third copy of the all the part of the chromosome number 18.
The babies that are born is small and have heart defects. They have overlapping fingers.
The ultrasound cannot detect the problem but the process of amniocentesis can confirm the syndrome.
The 2:1 ratio of green to red fluorescence in comparative genomic hybridization suggests that the test subject has an extra copy of genetic material on chromosome 18, which likely indicates Edwards Syndrome, not Down Syndrome, option D is correct.
When performing comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), observing a ratio of green to red fluorescence that is consistently 2 along an entire chromosome, as described for chromosome 18 in this scenario, indicates a DNA copy number variation. In this case, a 2:1 ratio suggests that the test subject has gained extra genetic material on chromosome 18. The correct conclusion would be that the test subject likely has Down Syndrome. This is incorrect, as Down Syndrome is characterized by an extra copy (trisomy) of chromosome 21, not 18. An increased copy number on chromosome 18 could suggest other types of chromosomal abnormalities such as trisomy 18, also known as Edwards Syndrome and not Down Syndrome.
How do the nutrients that enter our cells compare with the food we eat? A. The food we eat is broken down into individual, microscopic nutrient molecules which enter the cell. B. The nutrients that enter our cells are exactly the same as the food we eat, just smaller pieces. C. The nutrients that enter our cells are in the same form as the food we eat. D. The nutrients that enter our cells do not come from the food we eat.
Answer:
Option-A
Explanation:
The cell requires nutrients for the growth, development and to survive. The body gets the nutrients from what we eat.
The food material eaten by humans has to be digested by the digestive enzymes or the complex molecules are broken down into the smaller molecules. These simple molecules are absorbed by the intestine through diffusion and get transported into the blood.
From the blood, the nutrients reach to different cells of the body and hence are absorbed by the cell.
Thus, Option-A is correct.
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
The foods that we take are in the form of complex carbohydrates, fats and proteins. These food particles are broken down inside the body in order to attain simpler forms.
These simpler forms of food are easily absorbed inside the body. The organism absorbs these microscopic nutrients which is then converted into adenosine tri phosphate.
This is how the energy from the food is used by the body.
Which of the following statements are true: Acetylcholine stimulates the motor end plate. Slow fibers are absent from hand muscles. All of the listed statements are true. Motor units have a set tension strength per contraction. When DHPR proteins undergo a conformational change, Ca ions are released. Ca ions enter the sarcoplasmic reticulum via active transport.
Explanation:
Skeletal muscle tissue structures skeletal muscles, which join to bones or skin and control headway and any development that can be deliberately controlled. Since it very well may be constrained by thought, skeletal muscle is additionally called willful muscle. Skeletal muscle likewise has numerous cores present in a solitary cell. Smooth muscle has no striations, isn't under deliberate control, has just a single core for each phone, is decreased at the two finishes, and is called automatic muscle. Cardiovascular muscle tissue is just found in the heart, and cardiovascular compressions siphon blood all through the body and keep up circulatory strain. It has one core for every cell, is spread, and is recognized by the nearness of intercalated plates.Hence, the right answer is option a "All of the listed statements are true"
While testing for biological macromolecules in an unknown, you find that it reacts strongly with iodine and the solution immediately turns a very dark black. The macromolecule at hand must be:_________.
The macromolecule must be starch.
Explanation:
Starch is a polymer of Glucose joined by glycosydic bond.
Starch is the main energy storage substance in green plants.
Starches react with iodine and give a bluish black or black color and thus iodine test is considered as a confirmatory test for starches.
In this experiment ,the solution turns very dark black on addition of iodine so we can be sure that the solution contained starch.
Q. A person’s blood glucose level fluctuates during the day, asrepresented in Figure 1. Two hormones, insulin and glucagon,are directly involved in regulating the blood glucose level tomaintain a healthy level. Insulin acts to lower the blood glucoselevel, and glucagon acts to increase the blood glucose level.Which of the following best predicts what will happen to theblood glucose level if the person has another meal at 5 pm?Immediately after the meal, the blood Immediately after the meal. the blood. glucose level will decrease because of the . glucose level will increase, and then insulinincrease in glucagon levels. will be secreted to counter the increase.Several hours after the meal, the blood The blood glucose level Will not change after. . the 5 pm. meal because the person hasglucose level wull Increase sharply because of. . . . already consumed two meals and the bloodan Increase In the amount of glucagon .secreted glucose level has been adjusted to a steady.' state level.
Answer:
If the person has another meal after 5 pm, the glucose level in the blood will increase, and the insulin level too.
Several hours after the meal, the glucose levels will decrease, and the glucagon levels will increase.
Explanation:
When a person ingests another meal after 5 p.m, the glucose levels in the blood will increase, as the body does not need all that glucose right now the insulin levels in the blood will increase to store glucose for later. The glucagon levels after a meal are very low because the aim is to store glucose not use it.
Several hours after the meal, the body needs the energy to keep operating so it will use the glucose that was stored, to do this, the levels of glucagon in blood have to increase and release the glucose, and the levels of insulin in blood have to decrease.
Following a meal, blood glucose levels rise which triggers the production of insulin. Insulin helps in glucose absorption and reduces the blood glucose level. Several hours post-meal, as glucose levels drop, glucagon gets released which assists in raising the blood glucose level by promoting glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis.
Explanation:When a person has a meal, the glucose level in the blood increases. This is due to the carbohydrates in the food being broken down into glucose. This rise in glucose triggers the pancreas to produce and release insulin. Insulin aids the cells in absorbing glucose and regulating the blood glucose level by reducing it. Moreover, insulin stimulates the liver and muscles to store excess glucose as glycogen.
Several hours after the meal, as the glucose is utilized, blood glucose levels start to drop. This decrease signals the pancreas to release glucagon. Glucagon stimulates the liver to break down the stored glycogen into glucose and release it back into the blood, thereby increasing the blood glucose level. Additionally, glucagon promotes the process of gluconeogenesis in the liver, where it synthesizes glucose from amino acids absorbed from the bloodstream. Both of these actions mediated by glucagon result in an increase in blood glucose levels to maintain it at a steady state.
In conclusion, immediately after a meal, the blood glucose level will increase and then insulin will be secreted to counter the increase. Then several hours after the meal, the blood glucose level will increase again due to an increase in the amount of glucagon secreted.
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What is the most logical sequence of steps for splicing foreign dna into a plasmid and inserting the plasmid into a bacterium?
Answer:
Explanation:
Step 1 - Extract plasmid DNA from bacteria.
Step 2 - Cut this plasmid DNA with the help of restrictions enzyme so that gene of interest can be ligated in it.
Step 3 - Create gene of interest.
Step 4 - Combine gene of interest to plasmid creating recombinant DNA.
Step 5 - Grow transgenic bacteria carrying this plasmid.
A patient was exposed to a nerve gas during a chemical warfare attack. The nerve gas inhibited the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. What will happen to the amount of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft
Explanation:
When ACh is consistently released from the synaptic vesicles into the synaptic split, an expansion in transmitter fixation follows. The serine hydrolase AChE causes a fast hydrolysis of ACh with an exceptionally high response rate prompting the breakdown of ACh and its disposal from the synaptic separatedThis response drastically diminishes the grouping of ACh inside the synaptic split. In this manner, ACh focus rots because of hydrolysis, dissemination and connection to AChR in an exponential fashionWhat is not a role of activated complement?
what the activated complement does is protect the body by sending out WBS's wherever infections are located, this is it's only function.
A team of scientists and dentists collaborates to develop a toothpaste that can instantly whiten teeth. A meeting is held so that the team members are acquainted with each other. The members formally introduce themselves and collectively establish group norms. This group is in the _____ stage of team development.
Answer:
forming
Explanation:
Team development is a process wherein different individuals come together and learn to work efficiently to carry out a specific task.
There are certain stages that a team goes through during the development phase and these are:
1. Forming
2. Storming
3. Norming
4. Performing
5. Adjourning
The stage of team development where the different members get to know each other and orient themselves concerning each other's space is known as forming. This is a stage where they get acquainted with each other and explore and learn the ideas fo different team members.
Since in the given situation the scientists and dentists are holding a team meeting to get acquainted with each other and formally introducing themselves, the team is currently in the development stage of forming.
The process of photosynthesis probably originated _____.
Answer:
In prokaryotes
Explanation:
The process of photosynthesis probably originated in prokaryotic organisms.
Photosynthesis is the process whereby organisms manufacture their own food in the presence of sunlight, carbon dioxide and water.
The process is an advancement in the history of evolution of plant species on earth. It also furnished a new way of life for other organisms. It is widely suggested that some prokaryotes infolded their plasma membrane and it serves as modern day version of chloroplasts.Photosynthesis began between 3.5 and 2.5 billion years ago with cyanobacteria, fundamentally changing the Earth's atmosphere by releasing oxygen. This key evolutionary step allowed organisms to harness energy from sunlight, leading to a diverse and complex biosphere.
Explanation:The process of photosynthesis likely originated on Earth between 3.5 and 2.5 billion years ago, during the Archaean Eon. Cyanobacteria, single-celled organisms capable of photosynthesis, appeared around 2.5 billion years ago and dramatically altered the composition of the Earth's atmosphere and the course of biological evolution. By capturing light energy from the sun, these organisms were able to generate carbohydrates for stored energy and release oxygen as a by-product. This evolutionary step was a monumental biological innovation because it allowed life forms to derive energy directly from sunlight rather than depending solely on chemical sources present on Earth or from space.
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mutations can cause a change in a gene allele, which can be harmful. ocasionally mutations can be beneficial. some changes however are 'silent', i.e. they dont cause a change in the trait. explain how this is possible.
Answer: They replace the original amino acid with the same or a chemically similar amino acid
Explanation:
If for instance: glutamate is replaced by aspartate in a polypeptide chain, then the mutation is called 'silent' because both glutamate and aspartate are acidic amino acids, hence it does not result in a change of the amino acid sequence of the protein.
Brian wants to buy a mare which he can breed to help develop a horse-breeding operation. Larson offers to sell Brian a horse which he believes is healthy, and should make a good broodmare when a little older. After two years, the horse has not yet foaled. The veterinarian tells Brian that the horse is incapable of breeding. If Brian sues to rescind the contract with Larson, it is:
Explanation:
Brian was not aware of that fact that the horse is incapable of breeding at the point he buys it, but Larson assures Brian the horse is healthy. In this light, if Brian sues to cancel the contract with Larson, the court will allow it based on a mistake of fact. This way the court will reduce any civil liability or criminal culpability because Larson might not know that the horse cannot breed, although he is certain that the horse is healthyHence, the right answer is "Likely that a court will allow the rescission based on a mistake of fact"1. The carrier proteins through which sugar enters pancreatic beta cells have______.A. A Lower Km.B. A Higher Km.C. The Same Km.2. Than the carriers through which sugar enters muscle cells . In order for muscle cells to increase sugar import_______.A. Blood sugar levels must be high.B. Insulin must be present.C. Glycogen must be present.D. Glucagon must be present.3. Oh, and glucokinase has a______when compared to hexokinase.A. High Km.B. Low Km. 4. ________are responsible for the release of transferrin from the transferrin receptor and iron form transferrin. A. Proton Pumps.B. Iron Reductases.C. Ferriportins.D. Iron Oxidases.5. ________Convert the iron to the active form in which it may be exported.A. Proton Pumps.B. Iron Reductases.C. Ferriportins.D. Iron Oxidases. 6. This happens in the_______.A. Lysosome.B. Cytoplasm.C. Intermembrane Space.D. Interstitial Fluid.
The carrier proteins through which sugar enters pancreatic beta cells have "Higher Km" (a high Km indicates low affinity for the substrate) than the carriers through which sugar enters muscle cells at fasting blood sugar levels.
In order for muscle cells to increase sugar import Insulin "must be present". Oh, and glucokinase has a High Km (a lower affinity for glucose ) when compared to hexokinase.
"Proton pumps" are responsible for the release of transferrin from the transferrin receptor and iron form transferrin (Proton pumps are transporters that move hydrogen ions from regions with low concentration to regions with higher concentration)
"Iron Reductases" convert the iron to the active form in which it may be exported (ferric iron is converted to ferrous iron by ferric reductase). This happens in the "Lysosome" (lysosome is an organelle that contains hydrolytic enzymes)
If a bacterial cell culture contains 2 cells at time zero, 8 cells one hour later, 32 cells after 2 hours, and 128 cells after 4 hours, then which of the following describes the growth of this culture?
A) g = 0.5 h, v = 5 h^-1
B) g = 0.5 h, v = 2 h^-1
C) g = 2 h, v = 0.5 h^-1
D) g = 1 h, v = 1^-1
Answer:
B) g = 0.5 h, v = 2 h^-1
Explanation:
Generation time is the time taken for a bacterial cell to divide and produce an offspring. Bacterial cells divide exponentially.
The total number of cells is given as =2n x initial number
[n = number of generations]
So if the total is 8 cells:
8=2n x 2
2n=4
n=2
That means 2 generations have arose
Generation time is given as [tex]\frac{t}{n}[/tex]
where t=the time taken
if t=1hour and n=2
Generation time = [tex]\frac{1}{2}[/tex] = 0.5hour
Generation time, g =0.5h, and the rate of generation (growth rate), v is 2 per hour