Answer:
b. planning, organizing, leading, and controlling
Explanation:
The management is an achievement of organizational goals in an effective as well as an efficient way through organizing, planning, controlling and leading organizational sources. Basically organizational goals are strategically placed aims that plan expected outcomes furthermore supervise subordinates' efforts. There are three kinds of organizational goals they are as follows:
* Tactical
* Strategic
* Operational goals
Organizing, planning, controlling and leading are the qualities that are very effective.
The attainment of organizational goals in management involves the functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling organizational resources. Through these four elements, managers can set and achieve goals, arrange resources, inspire and motivate workers, and ensure organizational goals are met.
Explanation:Management is fundamental to any organization's success. The correct phrase that fills the blank is: Management is the attainment of organizational goals in an effective and efficient manner through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling organizational resources. These four elements are known as the 'functions of management'.
For example, planning involves setting goals and deciding how to achieve them. Organizing is arranging tasks, people, and other resources to work together to meet those goals. Leading is inspiring and motivating workers to work hard to achieve organizational goals, and controlling is measuring performance and making sure organizational goals are being met.
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As of April 2015, the Fed no longer holds any mortgage-backed securities or federal agency debt securities as assets. O True O False
Answer:
False
Explanation:
The given statement is false because Federal Reserve System (The FED) Does hold Mortgage backed securities and Federal agency debt securities in the month of April 2015 According to their annual report clearly mentioned in the Statistical Tools Table 1 of Federal Reserve, in the month of April 2015 Note 5.
KCCO, Inc., has current assets of $4,200, net fixed assets of $23,400, current liabilities of $3,750, and long-term debt of $8,400.
What is the value of the shareholders’ equity account for this firm?
Answer:
Share holder's equity = $15,450
Explanation:
given data
current assets = $4,200
net fixed assets = $23,400
current liabilities = $3,750
long-term debt = $8,400
solution
we get here value of the shareholders equity that is express as
Share holder's equity = (current assets + net fixed assets) - (current liabilities + long term debt) ....................1
put here value we get
Share holder's equity = ( $4,200 + $23,400) - ( $3,750 + $8,400 )
Share holder's equity = $15,450
The 1974 federal legislation that exempted employers from certain state laws governing health insurance was
A. COBRA
B. ERISA
C. CON
D. HIPAA
E. SCHIP
Answer:
The correct answer is letter "B": ERISA.
Explanation:
The Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) of 1974 is a United States federal law governing health insurance in regards f how they should be provided by employers. Through different amendments, the ERISA has given provisions under different circumstances so employees can have the coverage of health insurance for a certain period after being laid off.
Which two options are available to share Report or Dashboard folder with other users in the Organization? Choose 2 answers
A. Public Groups
B. Roles
C. Teams
D. Profiles
Answer:
Roles and public groups
Explanation:
A public group is a collection of individual users, other groups, individual roles, and/or roles with their subordinates that all have a function in common.
The Halpert Group produces a single product selling for $ 20 per unit. Variable costs are $ 2 per unit and total fixed costs are $ 10,000. What is the contribution margin ratio?
Answer:
90 percent
Explanation:
Given that,
Selling price per unit = $20
Variable costs per unit = $2
Total fixed cost = $10,000
Contribution margin = Selling price per unit - Variable cost per unit
= $20 - $2
= $18
Contribution margin ratio:
= (Contribution margin ÷ Selling price) × 100
= ($18 ÷ $20) × 100
= 0.9 × 100
= 90 percent.
Therefore, the contribution margin ratio is 90%.
Discuss ten (10) different purposes of an evaluation of salesperson performance and how each purpose affects the performance evaluation process.
Answer:
1. To ensure that compensation and other reward disbursements are consistent with actual performance
2. To identify salespersons who needs to be promoted
3. To identify salespersons who should be fired/terminated
4. To determine the specific training and counseling needs of individual
5. To provide information for effective human resource (Succession) planning
6. To identify criteria that can be used to recruit and select salespersons in the future
7. To advise salespersons of work expectations
8. To motivate salespersons
9. To help salespersons set their career goals
10. To enhance effective communications between salesperson and sales manager
Explanation:
How each purpose affects the performance evaluation process
1. To ensure that compensation and other reward disbursements are consistent with actual performance
Compensation and rewards affects the performance and it should be on the merit.
2. To identify salespersons who needs to be promoted
Promotion shall be given on the basis of evaluation
3. To identify salespersons who should be fired/terminated
Termination should be on the basis of performance evaluation
4. To determine the specific training and counseling needs of individual
Training shall be provided on the basis of evaluation
5. To provide information for effective human resource (Succession) planning
Succession planning should be on the basis of performance evaluation so that the exceptional performers must be retained,
6. To identify criteria that can be used to recruit and select salespersons in the future
It helps in understanding the factors that will be useful to recruit and select salespersons
7. To advise salespersons of work expectations
On the basis of evaluation, it will be decided to communicate the work expectations
8. To motivate salespersons
It will help in understanding the factors which motivate the salespersons
9. To help salespersons set their career goals
Salespersons will understand about their future and set their career goals.
10. To enhance effective communications between salesperson and sales manager
It will help to communicate effectively about the expectations of salesperson and sales manager and better coordination
For 2016, Gourmet Kitchen Products reported $22 million of sales and $19 million of operating costs (including depreciation). The company has $15 million of total invested capital. Its after-tax cost of capital is 8% and its federal-plus-state income tax rate was 35%. What was the firm's economic value added (EVA), that is, how much value did management add to stockholders' wealth during 2016? Write out your answer completely. For example, 25 million should be entered as 25,000,000. Round your answer to the nearest dollar, if necessary.
Answer:
Explanation:
Economic value added (EVA) = Net operating profit after taxes - Invested capital * cost of capital
= [($22,000,000 - $19,000,000)*(1 - 0.35)] - [$15,000,000*8%]
= $750,000
A research analyst at PDQ Securities mentions to a registered representative at that firm that a new research report is coming out about ACME Corporation that is "highly positive." Prior to the issuance of the research report, the registered representative calls his customers and tells them to buy ACME stock. Based on this information, which statement is TRUEa. Research has some loop holesb. Research is accurate
Answer:
Explanation:bvcx
Suppose that a worker in Agland can produce either 10 units of organic grain or 2 units of incense per year, and a worker in Zenland can produce either 5 units or organic grain or 15 units of incense per year. There are 20 workers in Agland and 10 workers in Zenland. Currently, the two countries do not trade. Agland produces and consumes 100 units of grain and 20 units of incense per year. Zenland produces and consumer 50 units of grain and no incense per year. If each country made the decision to specialize in producing the good in which it has a comparative advantage, then what will the combined yearly output of the two countries increase by?
A) 30 units of grain and 100 units of incense.
B) 30 units of grain and 150 units of incense.
C) 50 units of grain and 90 units of incense.
D) 50 units of grain and 130 units of incense.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Agland produces 100 units of organic grain and Zenland produces 50 units of organic grains; their combine total = 150 grains
Agland produces 20 units of incense while Zenland produces nothin; their combine total = 20 incense
if each country specialize in producing the good in which they have comparative advantage then
Agland produce (10 × 20 ) organic grains which 200 organic grain with Zenland producing nothing; their combine total will 200 grains
Zenland doing the same by producing (10 × 15) incense which will equal 150 incense and Agland produce nothing their combine total is 150 incense
their combined yearly output of the two countries increase by
200 - 150 for grains = 50 units of grains
150 - 20 for incense = 130 units of incense
Kramer and Knox began a partnership by investing $60,000 and $80,000, respectively. Assume that the partners agreed to share net income and loss by granting annual salary allowances of $50,000 to Kramer and $40,000 to Knox, 10% interest allowances on their investments, and any remaining balance shared equally.
1. Determine the partners' shares of Kramer and Knox given a first-year net income of $98,800. (Losses and amounts to be deducted should be entered with a minus sign.)
2. Determine the partners' shares of Kramer and Knox given a first-year net loss of $16,800. (Losses and amounts to be deducted should be entered with a minus sign.)
Answer:
1. $53.4 for Kramer and $45.5 for Knox
2. -$4.4 for Kramer and -$12.4 for Knox
Explanation:
Partner’s agreement before dividing profit or loss is to grant salaries and 10% interest to the partners. In effect, this agreement will be followed whether the partnership incurs profit or losses for the period. First, all salaries should be given to the partners and the 10% interest as well. Any excess whether profit of loss will be divided equally by the partners. Computation of division of profit or loss are attached for proper demostration.
1. Kramer's share: $43,500; Knox's share: $55,300.
2. Kramer's share: -$3,100; Knox's share: -$13,700.
Explanation:1. For the first-year net income of $98,800, the partners' shares are calculated as follows:
- Kramer: $50,000 (salary) + $6,000 (interest on $60,000) + (($98,800 - $50,000 - $6,000) / 2) = $43,500.
- Knox: $40,000 (salary) + $8,000 (interest on $80,000) + (($98,800 - $40,000 - $8,000) / 2) = $55,300.
2. For the first-year net loss of $16,800, the partners' shares are calculated as follows:
- Kramer: $50,000 (salary) + $6,000 (interest on $60,000) + (($16,800 - $50,000 - $6,000) / 2) = -$3,100 (loss).
- Knox: $40,000 (salary) + $8,000 (interest on $80,000) + (($16,800 - $40,000 - $8,000) / 2) = -$13,700 (loss).
A defeasible estate is one that can be lost in the future by the happening of a specific event.
True/False
The given statement is true a defeasible estate is one that can be lost in the future by the happening of a specific event
Explanation:
When the land is transferred upon conditionally by the grantor or the owner then it is called as defeasible estate and the property is subjected to some conditions intentionally or unintentionally upon the happening of the events
This is not permanent to the owner hence with the time of run it can eventually be lost or it will be handed over back to the grantor and hence it can be lost in the future
On November 1, Arvelo Corporation had $42,000 of raw materials on hand. During the month, the company purchased an additional $68,000 of raw materials. During November, $75,000 of raw materials were requisitioned from the storeroom for use in production. These raw materials included both direct and indirect materials. The indirect materials totaled $5,000. Prepare journal entries to record these events. Use those journal entries to answer the following question:The credits to the Raw Materials account for the month of November total:a) $75,000 b) $68,000 c) $42,000 d) $110,000
Answer:
a) $75,000
Explanation:
Given data about Arvelo Corporation;
On November 1
Cost of raw materials at hand = $42,000
Purchases during the month = $68,000
Raw materials requisitioned from storeroom (direct and indirect) = $75,000
Balance of inventory = $42,000 + $68,000 - $75,000
= $35,000
For the inventory amount requisitioned from the storeroom, the entries to be posted on issuance
Dr Cost of sale $75,000
Cr Inventory (Raw materials) $75,000
Being entries to recognize inventory issued for use.
The credits to inventory account in the month (November) is $75,000.
Arvelo Corporation's journal entries reflect the purchase and use of raw materials. The total credits to the Raw Materials account for November is $75,000 (option a).
Explanation:The journal entries for these transactions would look like this:
When the raw materials are purchased:So, the credits to the Raw Materials account for the month of November would total $75,000, represented by the raw materials that were requisitioned from the storeroom for use in production. Therefore, the correct answer is (a) $75,000.
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Unlike Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) for accountants, there are not principles, standards, concepts, or values common to business ethics.A. TrueB. False
Answer:
Unlike Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) for accountants, there are not principles, standards, concepts, or values common to business ethics is a FALSE statement.
Explanation:
The GAAP has a wide range of applications owing to the unanimous addition of functions to the discipline of accountancy. Other than GAAP, certain countries and businesses follow the accounting methods given by 'other comprehensive basis of accounting' (OSBOA). Some businesses choose to follow both at once, while the majority choose to follow either of them.The statement is false. Just like the GAAP, there are indeed common principles, standards, concepts or values within business ethics, including but not restricted to honesty, fairness, responsibility and accountability (option b).
Explanation:The statement in the question is actually false. In fact, there are principles, standards, concepts, or values common to business ethics. Much like the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) that serve as a guide for accountants, business ethics also has its own set of guidelines designed to manage ethical behavior in business environments.
These include but are not limited to honesty, integrity, transparency, fairness, respect, responsibility, and accountability. There's also the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), which encourages companies to behave ethically and contribute to societal goals.
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Data on total employment can be a good indicator of whether the economy is currently in a recession. This kind of data is called a economic indicator. Similarly, data on recent interest rates can be a good indicator of whether the economy was recently in a recession. This kind of data is called a economic indicator.
Data on total employment can be a good indicator of whether the economy is currently in a recession. This kind of data is called a lagging economic indicator. Similarly, data on recent interest rates can be a good indicator of whether the economy was recently in a recession. This kind of data is called a coincident economic indicator.
Data on total employment is referred to as a trailing economic indicator since it can be a useful tool for determining if the economy is now experiencing a recession.
Economic measures known as lagging indicators typically alter only after the entire economy has changed. They support long-term patterns and aid in determining the state of the economy as a whole.
A coincident economic indicator is information on how long people have been out of work, which can be a useful sign of whether the economy has just had a recession.
Coincident indicators adjust along with the state of the economy. They offer insight into the economy's present condition and are frequently used to assess its performance right now.
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Your complete question was as follows:
Data on total employment can be a good indicator of whether the economy is currently in a recession. This kind of data is called a________ economic indicator Similarly, data on how long people have been unemployed can be a good indicator of whether the economy was recently in a recession. This kind of data is called an_________ economic indicator.
Total employment data is a lagging indicator revealing economic conditions following changes. Recent interest rate data is a leading indicator offering insight into probable future economic movement.
Explanation:In the realm of economics, data on total employment and data on recent interest rates serve as two separate kinds of economic indicators that give us information about the state of the economy at different points in time. Data on total employment, which might change due to shifts in the economy, is an example of a lagging indicator—it provides evidence about the state of the economy after changes have occurred. This is because employment levels typically respond to changes in the economy after they happen. On the other hand, data on recent interest rates is a leading indicator, giving clues about the future direction of the economy. Interest rates often change before the economy as a whole does, so they can provide early signs of upcoming economic changes.
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Beginning stockholders' equity was $120,000. Ending stockholders' equity was $195,000. Additional issuances of capital stock during the year amounted to $18,000. Dividends during the year amounted to $12,000. How much was net income for the year?
Answer:
The net income for the year is $ 69,000.
Explanation:
This question requires us to find net income for the year. The equity in balance sheet comprises of common stock, reserves and retain earning etc. So net income will be determine in the following way
Opening equity +addition in equity + net income = closing equity + dividend
120,000 + 18,000 + net income = 195,000 + 12,000
Net income = $ 69,000
Net income is the sum total of a company's income, less the cost of goods sold, expenses, taxes, and other costs. In this specific case, we used the company's stockholders' equity information to calculate a net income of $69,000 for the year.
Explanation:The subject matter of the question relates to financial accounting, specifically about the calculation of net income when given stockholders' equity information. The net income in this scenario can be calculated using this equation: Ending stockholders' equity = Beginning stockholders' equity + Net income - Dividends + Additional capital stock. Hence, the net income, can be calculated by rearranging this equation as follows: Net income = Ending stockholders' equity - Beginning stockholders' equity - Additional issurances of capital stock + Dividends. When we substitute the numbers from the given problem into this equation, we get: Net income = $195,000 - $120,000 - $18,000 + $12,000. Therefore, the net income for the year was $69,000.
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According to Adam Smith's invisible hand.
A. people coordinate their activities, resulting in equilibrium in the market.
B. forces are constantly pushing markets out of equilibrium
C. there is an invisible glove that restricts what markets can do.
D. markets need the government to intervene.t
Answer:
A. People coordinate their activities, resulting in equilibrium in the market.
Explanation:
Adam Smith - a proponent of Capitalist Economy 'Laissez Faire' i.e free markets proposed that :
Un-intervened (by govt) Markets guided by self interest create more wealth & over all socio economic welfare. Any disequilibrium will be sorted by undisturbed market forces, any government intervention is distortionary.
Tiny Town Kennel earns service revenue by caring for the pets of customers. T Town Kennel is organized as a sole proprietorship and owned by Earle Martin the past month, Tiny Town Kennel has the following transactions: a. Received $520 cash for service revenue earned. iny b. Paid $325 cash for salaries expense. c. Martin contributed $1,000 to the business in exchange for capital. d. Earned $640 for service revenue, but the customer has not paid Tiny Town Kennel yet. e. Received utility bill of $85, which will be paid next month. f. Martin withdrew $100 cash. Indicate the effects of the business transactions on the accounting equation for Town Kennel. Transaction (a) is answered as a guide. a. Increase asset (Cash): Increase equiy (Service Revenue
Answer:
Accounting equation : Equity + Liability = Assets or Equity=Assets - Liability.
(a) Increase asset (Cash): Increase equity (Service Revenue) by $520
(b) Decrease asset (Cash): Decease equity (Salaries Expense) by $325
(c) Increase asset (Cash): Increase equity (Capital) by $1,000
(d) Increase asset (Debtor): Increase equity (Service Revenue) by $640
(e) Increase liability (utility bills payable): Decease equity (utility bill Expense)
by $85
(f) Decrease asset (Cash): Decease equity (Drawing) by $100
Explanation:
The accounting equation is the basis of the double-entry in accounting. Accounting equation ensure Statement of Financial position(i.e. balance sheet) balance all the time. It shows balance sheet. It shows that sum of assets equals to the addition of liabilities and equity.
With the aid of accounting equation, we establised that for every debit (affecting asset or expense) entry, there must be corresponding credit (affacting liability or equity).
You have $19,000 to invest, part at 6% and the rest at 7%. If x is the amount invested at 6 %6%, write an algebraic expression that represents the total annual income from both investments. Simplify the expression.
Answer:
total annual income = 1330 - 0.01x
Explanation:
given data
invest = $19,000
some part at = 6%
remaining part = 7%
x is amount invested at = 6 %
solution
we know x part invested = 6 %
so ( $19,000 - x ) part invested = 7 %
so we get here total annual income from both investment that is
income = 6% x + ( 19000 -x ) 7%
so total annual income = 0.06x + ( 19000 -x) 0.07
total annual income = 1330 - 0.01x
The volume of international trade is governed by factors including the level of domestic economic activity (for example, prosperity versus recession) and restrictions imposed by countries on their imports.True or false?
Answer:
True
Explanation:
International trade is trade across national boundaries and it includes the import and export of goods and services. An economic prosperity is synonymous with rising incomes and it would increase the propensity to import; that is, people in the domestic economy now have more incomes to spend on imports. Alternatively, a recession would lead to a fall in incomes and imports, and also a fall in investment which conseqeuntly reduces exports volumes.
Trade restrictions (protectionism) such as tariffs, quotas, competitive devaluation, administrative complexities, export subsidy hinder free trade and they could reduce the volume of imports into a country. This is because trade restrictions would make imports to be more expensive; the aim might be that the government is trying to correct a current account deficit. However, the effectiveness of trade restrictions in reducing import volumes and influening export is dependent on the price elasiticty of demand for imports and exports, the quality of a country's good or service, and how the country's rate of inflation compares with that of other countries.
The Supreme Court once denied tax-exempt status to a private university that discriminated on the basis of race. What is likely to have influenced or guided the interpretation of the statute relevant to this case?
Answer and explanation:
According to Section 501(c)(3) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code (IRC), private universities that have discriminatory admissions are not eligible for tax exemptions. In the U.S. this was applied in the Bob Jones University v. United States case (1983), where the Supreme Court stated that no tax exemption could be granted to the evangelic private university.
The fundamental idea behind _____ is that corporations have duties that go beyond lawful execution of their economic function.
Answer:
Corporate Social Responsibility.
Explanation:
Corporate social responsibility is a form of foreign self-regulation of a private enterprise aimed at contributing to public objectives of a philanthropic, political or humanitarian nature or by participating in or promoting voluntary or ethically driven activities.
Social Operating License can be described as a statutory basis for the legality of the operations and the participation of the organization in the ventures. This relates to the amount of support and recognition of the operations of an organization by its stakeholders.Final answer:
Corporations have obligations that extend beyond their economic functions, embodied in the concepts of Corporate Social Responsibility and corporate personhood, which emphasize ethical duties to stakeholders and society beyond profit maximization.
Explanation:
The fundamental idea behind the concept that corporations should uphold duties beyond lawful economic functions is often associated with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) or corporate personhood. This perspective holds that companies have a moral and ethical duty beyond just complying with local laws, especially in areas where legal protections might be inadequate or lacking. International human rights, for example, suggest that companies should adhere to certain ethical standards regardless of local legislation.
It is a complex issue, indeed. Corporations in the United States, vested with certain legal rights, must navigate the challenging terrain of aligning their responsibilities with stakeholders, community, and society at large. While some advocate for shareholder primacy, where corporations' primary responsibility is towards their shareholders, others propose the stakeholder theory, emphasizing a balance between the interests of all parties involved, including the community, employees, and customers.
Corporate social responsibility and corporate personhood are two key concepts that resonate when corporations acknowledge wider obligations than profit maximization, marked by a moral commitment to act in the interests of various stakeholders, including society at large. The discussions surround the ethical parameters within which corporations operate and how they are expected to contribute to the social and environmental welfare in addition to their economic activities.
The phrase to "design the rules of the game without specifying the actions of the players" refers to what type of manager? a. Keeping tabs b. Individuals over teams c. Controllers d. Enablers
Answer:
d. Enablers
Explanation:
This is a manager that will not micromanage things, as long as the employees follow the requirements(this is where the phrase comes on).
For example, in the NFL, Bill Bellichick may call the plays, but also let Tom Brady audible(change the play) at the line of scrimmage. This enables his players.
So the correct answer is:
d. Enablers
Holding all other things constant, an increase in the company's required return on investment (ROI) will affect:
Answer:
It will affect the profit after taxes of the company.
Explanation:
A higher ROI means that for the same level of investment, higher levels of return are achieved. In this case, the company's return is the profits after taxes, those that shareholders have the right to claim. Without considering variances in the level of investment, higher levels of profit can be obtained by a more significant difference between revenue and total expenses (including costs, operative expenses and depreciation and interests)
Final answer:
An increase in the company's required return on investment (ROI) impacts investment decisions, financing costs, and potentially the prices of goods or services. It may signal ambitious targets or higher perceived risks, affecting investor perception and possibly the stock price.
Explanation:
Holding all other things constant, an increase in the company's required return on investment (ROI) implies that the company needs to generate a higher percentage of profit from its investments.
When a company raises its required ROI, it directly influences investment decisions, since projects or investments now need to generate a higher return to be considered viable. This could lead to a reduced number of projects that meet the new, higher hurdle rate, potentially limiting growth opportunities or prompting a search for more efficient or profitable ventures.
If the required ROI is linked to the cost of capital, an increase could mean the company will have to pay more for financing, whether through equity or debt. Consequently, the company might either look for cheaper forms of financing or aim to increase operational efficiencies to maintain profit margins.
In some cases, it could also lead to an increase in the prices of the company's goods or services to maintain the higher required ROI. On the other hand, it could put pressure on the company to decrease costs, which could involve renegotiating supplier contracts, downsizing operations, or investing in technology that may improve productivity.
Moreover, the increase in required ROI might influence the perception of investors. A higher ROI could be seen as a sign of a company setting ambitious targets, but it might also raise concerns about the risk profile of the company's investments.
If perceived as too aggressive, it could potentially lead to a drop in the company's stock price if shareholders believe the risk is not being adequately managed or if they feel dividends could be affected.
51. The national government helped to finance transcontinental railroad construction in the late nineteenth century by providing railroad corporations with A) cash grants from new taxes. B) land grants. C) cash grants from higher tariffs. D) reduced prices for iron and steel. E) aid for construction of railroad stations.
Answer:
B) land grants
Explanation:
The national government helped to finance transcontinental railroad construction in the late nineteenth using land grants.
Discuss the concept of downsizing and provide 4 of the hidden costs associated with it.
Answer:
firms that lay off staff can see a significant reduction in the performance of their remaining workers, according to our experimental study. our research suggests that firms that decide to ‘downsize’ their workforce should be wary of how the layoff decision is perceived by the remaining (“surviving”) workers. if the surviving staff interpret the decision as a way to boost profits at the cost of the workers, they might react negatively.
lay-offs are an integral part of dynamic economies. for example, in germany at least one large firm announces cuts of at least 800 jobs on each third working day of the year. lay-offs impose massive costs on the displaced workers, the regional economy and social insurances. hence, it is no surprise that layoffs are often discussed controversially in the general public and the media, and receive a lot of attention by scholars and practitioners.
from the firm’s perspective, the benefits of lay-offs seem to be obvious – in particular, labor costs and organisational slack can be reduced. firms considering laying off workers have to weigh these benefits with potential costs. some types of costs (e.g. severance payments) are more or less calculable in advance, while other costs are ex ante hard to estimate. in particular, there may be substantial costs associated with a decrease in the motivation of the workers who stay in firms after lay-offs – a phenomenon called ‘survivor syndrome’.
we set up a lab experiment with 400 students at the goethe-university frankfurt to study how non-fired employees respond to an employer’s
decision to fire a co-worker. in our experiment, employees work for an employer whose payoff depends on the employees’ performance in a real-effort task. subsequently, the employer is provided with an incentive to layoff one of her/his employees. after her/his decision for or against firing, the remaining employees continue to work for the employer.
to analyse whether the remaining employees’ performance is driven by the employer’s decision to layoff an employee or its implementation, we conduct a control treatment in which it is randomly decided whether an employee is fired or not.
we find that survivors reduce their performance substantially in response to the employer’s decision to lay off a co-worker. the reduction is strongest for survivors who interpret the employer’s decision as a method to increase profits at the cost of the workers; it is weaker if they can comprehend the layoff decision, and it vanishes (in the control treatment) if the employer is forced to fire a co-worker. it seems that the survivors in our experiment perceive an employer’s decision to lay off a co-worker as a signal that she does not expect them to perform well or cares more about her/his own payoff than the well-being of the employees. our results suggest that this negative signal leads to a decrease in employees’ performance.
our experimental results imply that firms deciding in favour of layoffs should be wary about how their decision is perceived by their workforce. in firms laying off workers, one can observe a number of business practices that are puzzling at first glance. our study can provide one potential explanations for these practices.
first, firms often use natural fluctuations to reduce the level of staffing instead of firing workers. the existence of such a policy is quite surprising – firms can more rapidly adjust their labor force by simply firing some workers. one potential explanation for this business practice could be that firms try to mitigate the survivor syndrome.
a second fact is that firms laying off workers often claim that they have “no choice”. a rational for this communication strategy could be that firms try to prevent that employees perceive the employer’s layoff decision as an attempt to increase profits at the cost of the workers. it is, however, an open question whether employees really believe management’s declaration. one way to verify declarations could be a strong cooperation with the works council.
third, research has shown that top management turnover is higher after downsizing. one explanation for this phenomenon could be that firms try to limit the negative impact of the lay-off decision by separating from the management with the lay-off history. after the separation, the new management can blame the predecessors.
a fourth fact is that firms that are downsizing often provide outplacement services for the leavers, and make financial offers for voluntary leavers (even if these offers are quite expensive and, because of their better outside options, the more able workers who separate). a rational for such business practices could be that firms try to attenuate the negative signal of the lay-off decision by the provision of positive signals.
Calculate net income and stockholders equity (LO2) Eagle Corp. operates Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) clinics throughout the Northeast. At the end of the current period, the company reports the following amounts: Assets = $38,000; Liabilities = $21,000; Dividends = $1,800; Revenues = $11,600; Expenses = $7,800. Required: 1. Calculate net income. Net income 2. Calculate stockholders' equity at the end of the period. Stockholders' equity
Answer:
Explanation:
Net Income = Revenue -Expenses
= $11,600 -$7,800
= $3,800
Retained Earnings = $3,800- $1,800
= $2,000
According Accounting Equation ;
Total Assets = Total liabilities + Total equity
Stockholders' Equity = $38,000- $21,000
= $17,000
If the demand for a good increases by more than the supply of the good increases, then the goods equilibrium price will __________ and its equilibrium quantity will __________.
Answer:
If the demand for a good increases by more than the supply of the good increases, then the goods equilibrium price will increase and its equilibrium quantity will also increase.
Explanation:
Please refer to the attachment.
D zero is the initial demand curve.
D one is the new increased demand curve.
S zero is the initial supply curve.
S one is the new increased supply curve.
P zero is the initial equilibrium price, where D zero = S zero
Q zero is the initial equilibrium quantity, where D zero = S zero
A is the initial equilibrium point, where D zero = S zero.
P one is the new equilibrium price and it is greater than P zero. Here, D One is equal to S One.
Q one is the new equilibrium quantity and it is greater than Q zero. Here, D One is equal to S One.
B is the new equilibrium point, where S one is equal to D one.
Note- Here, increase in demand is more than the increase in supply as seen from the diagram.
The following is the post-closing trial balance for the Whitlow Manufacturing Corporation as of December 31, 2015.
Account Title Debits Credits
Cash 5,800
Accounts receivable 2,800
Inventory 5,800
Equipment 11,800
Accumulated depreciation—equipment 4,300
Accounts payable 3,800
Common stock 10,000
Retained earnings 8,100
Sales revenue 0
Cost of goods sold 0
Salaries and wages expense 0
Rent expense 0
Advertising expense 0
Totals 26,200 26,200
The following transactions occurred during January 2016:
Jan. 1
Sold merchandise for cash, $4,300. The cost of the merchandise was $2,800. The company uses the perpetual inventory system.
2 Purchased equipment on account for $6,300 from the Strong Company.
4
Received a $100 bill from the local newspaper for an advertisement that appeared in the paper on January 2.
8 Sold merchandise on account for $5,800. The cost of the merchandise was $3,600.
10 Purchased merchandise on account for $9,900.
13 Purchased equipment for cash, $700.
16 Paid the entire amount due to the Strong Company.
18 Received $5,600 from customers on account.
20 Paid $700 to the owner of the building for January’s rent.
30 Paid employees $3,800 for salaries and wages for the month of January.
31
Paid a cash dividend of $1,000 to shareholders.
Prepare general journal entries to record each transaction.
Answer:
The journal entries to record each transaction is given below.
1 Sold merchandise for cash, $4,300. The cost of the merchandise was $2,800. The company uses the perpetual inventory system.
Debit Cash Account Asset $ 4,300
Credit Sales Income Account $ 4,300
Debit Cost of good sold $ 2,800
Credit Inventory Account $ 2,800
2 Purchased equipment on account for $6,300 from the Strong Company.
Debit Equipment Asset $ 6,300
Credit Payable $ 6,300
4 Received a $100 bill from the local newspaper for an advertisement that appeared in the paper on January 2.
Debit Advertisement expense $ 100
Credit Payable $ 100
8 Sold merchandise on account for $5,800. The cost of the merchandise was $3,600.
Debit Account Receivable $ 5,800
Credit Sales Income $ 5,800
Debit Cost of Good Sold $ 3,600
Credit Inventory $ 3,600
10 Purchased merchandise on account for $9,900.
Debit Inventory $ 9,900
Credit Payable $ 9,900
13 Purchased equipment for cash, $700.
Debit Equipment Asset $ 700
Credit Cash $ 700
16 Paid the entire amount due to the Strong Company.
Debit Payable $ 6,300
Credit Cash $ 6,300
18 Received $5,600 from customers on account.
Debit Cash $ 5,600
Credit Receivable $ 5,600
20 Paid $700 to the owner of the building for January’s rent.
Debit Rent expense $ 700
Credit Cash $ 700
30 Paid employees $3,800 for salaries and wages for the month of January.
Debit Salary expense $ 3,800
Credit Cash ` $ 3,800
31 Paid a cash dividend of $1,000 to shareholders.
Debit Dividend payable/Retain Earning $ 1000
Credit Cash $ 1000
Final answer:
The student's question requires preparing general journal entries for certain transactions in January 2016. Each transaction is documented step-by-step to reflect its impact on different accounts, highlighting the dual nature of bookkeeping where every debit has a corresponding credit.
Explanation:
The question involves the preparation of general journal entries for a series of transactions that occurred in January 2016 for the Whitlow Manufacturing Corporation. These entries will reflect various financial activities such as sales, equipment purchases, and payment of expenses, which impact the company's financial statements. Let's proceed to document each of these events.
Journal entry for the cash sale:
Debit Cash $4,300
Credit Sales Revenue $4,300
Debit Cost of Goods Sold $2,800
Credit Inventory $2,800
Journal entry for purchasing equipment on account:
Debit Equipment $6,300
Credit Accounts Payable $6,300
Journal entry for advertising expense:
Debit Advertising Expense $100
Credit Accounts Payable $100
Journal entry for sales on account:
Debit Accounts Receivable $5,800
Credit Sales Revenue $5,800
Debit Cost of Goods Sold $3,600
Credit Inventory $3,600
Journal entry for purchasing merchandise on account:
Debit Inventory $9,900
Credit Accounts Payable $9,900
Journal entry for the cash purchase of equipment:
Debit Equipment $700
Credit Cash $700
Journal entry for payment to Strong Company:
Debit Accounts Payable $6,300
Credit Cash $6,300
Journal entry for cash collections on account:
Debit Cash $5,600
Credit Accounts Receivable $5,600
Journal entry for rent payment:
Debit Rent Expense $700
Credit Cash $700
Journal entry for salaries and wages payment:
Debit Salaries and Wages Expense $3,800
Credit Cash $3,800
Journal entry for cash dividend payment:
Debit Retained Earnings $1,000
Credit Cash $1,000
if interest rates are positive the present value of a future lump sum of $100 will be
Answer:
If interest rates are positive the present value of a future lump sum of $100 will be less than $100. The reason for this is that because the interest rate is positive this $100 will be discounted by the interest rate and number of years and so the present value will be less than the future lump sum value. We can see this in an example. If we assume that the future lump sum payment will be made 1 year from now and the interest rate is 5% we will discount the $100 by 5% to find the present value.
Present value = 100/1.05=95.23, This proves that when interest rates are positive the present value will be less than the future value.
Explanation:
If interest rates are positive, the present value of a future lump sum of $100 will be less than $100.
Explanation:If the interest rates are positive, the present value of a future lump sum of $100 will be less than $100. This is because positive interest rates indicate that there is a cost associated with borrowing or a return on investment. When calculating present value, we discount future cash flows to reflect the time value of money. The discounting process considers the interest rates and the time period involved. As interest rates increase, the present value of a future cash flow decreases. Therefore, the present value of a $100 lump sum will be less than $100 when interest rates are positive.
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If firms in a competitive market are making positive economic profits, you would expect firms to ________ the market, causing the ________ curve to shift to the ________. Group of answer choices
Answer:
Enter
Supply
Right
Explanation:
A competitive market is when there are many buyers and sellers of homogenous goods and services. There are no restrictions to entry or exit of firms. In the long run, firms make zero economic profit.
If in the short run, if firms are making economic profit, in the long run, new firms would enter into the industry, this increases supply and drives economic profit to zero.
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