Answer:
Confirmation bias is the tendency for people with strong prior beliefs, when confronted with a choice, to make their decisions based on assumptions they’ve already made.
Explanation:
Confirmation bias is a tendency in human behavior to unknowingly be selectively aware of information that confirms our own perceptions. Confirmation bias is a type of cognitive bias.
If you have a negative self-image, you tend to get stuck on criticism and not hear praise. Scientific researchers, too, tend to be selectively aware of research results that are consistent with their own theory and unconsciously ignore those that contradict it. A confirmation bias risks leading to a superstition on personal opinions, while rebuttal and alternative sources are ignored. This can lead to disastrously wrong decisions, especially in scientific, political and military contexts.
The term being defined in the question is confirmation bias, which refers to the tendency for individuals to favor information that confirms their existing beliefs. It is a kind of cognitive bias that can lead to overconfidence in one's beliefs even when faced with contradictory evidence.
Explanation:The term you are looking for is confirmation bias. Confirmation bias is a cognitive bias that involves favoring information which confirms previously existing beliefs or biases. For instance, if someone holds a strong belief on a particular political issue, they are more likely to pay attention to news stories or data that confirm their belief, while disregarding information that challenges it. This bias can lead to overconfidence in personal beliefs and can maintain or strengthen beliefs in the face of contrary evidence.
Anchoring bias is another related concept where individuals rely too heavily on the first piece of information they receive (the "anchor") when making decisions. The availability heuristic describes a bias wherein people make judgments about the likelihood of an event based on how easily an example, instance, or case comes to mind. This often results in people overestimating the probability of events that they can easily recall, such as dramatic or recent events.
Dr. Coffy wants to assess whether classical music increases children's creativity. Sixty preschool children are randomly divided into two groups. Every day for two weeks, one group listens to 30 minutes of classical music and a second group listens to 30 minutes of pop music. At the end of two weeks, the two groups are given a test of creativity. This research design would best be classified as:_______.
This research design would best be classified as "Experimental Research Design".
Explanation:
Experimental Research Design is a model for scientific research that explores observations under controlled conditions. This means analyzing influence of independent variable on dependent variable, where independent variable is manipulated by interventional therapy and the effect on dependent variable of those treatments is observed.
Experimental Research Development is to determine whether classical music enhances the imagination of children. As: Independent variable — classical music is given in a controlled environment and its effect on Dependent Variable — Imagination test is observed.
Applied behavior analysis (ABA) has been used to help children with autistic disorder. The basic principle of this form of behavior modification is: ________. 1. partial reinforcement 2. negative punishment 3. classical conditioning 4. shaping
Answer:
4. shaping
Explanation:
Applied Behavioural Analysis is. mainly focused on rewarding closer and closer approximations to the desired behavior. This on its own is the definition of shaping.
Shaping is mainly used to develop a target behavior that a person does not currently exhibit. Shaping is defined as the differential reinforcement of successive approximations of a target behavior, this is done until the person exhibits the target behavior.
Which explanation of gang activity proposes that youth with a history of violence and crime join gangs and continue their delinquency after becoming gang members?
Final answer:
The Social Disorganization Theory proposes that youth with a history of violence and crime join gangs and continue their delinquency after becoming gang members.
Explanation:
The explanation of gang activity that proposes that youth with a history of violence and crime join gangs and continue their delinquency after becoming gang members is the Social Disorganization Theory. This theory suggests that crime is more likely to occur in communities with weak social ties and the absence of social control. Individuals who grow up in impoverished neighborhoods with high rates of drug use, violence, and delinquency are more likely to become involved in crime compared to those from wealthier neighborhoods with a good school system and positive community involvement.
Corrine is so impressed by how realistic the painting is she is viewing. She notices details like how large the artist drew certain objects and how some people overlap others. These cues that are used to make it appear that there is depth in the painting are known as:_______.
Answer:
Monocular cues.
Explanation:
As the exercise suggests, Corrine is impressed by cues that makes the painting look as it if had depth, which is known as monocular cues. This type of cues, as the exercise explains, are there to make the painting seem as if it had depth; the contrast between the monocular (using only one eye) and binocular (both eyes) is more obvious. So, in other words, what enables us to perceive the depth in the world around us is the use of monocular cues making it the thing Corrine is so impressed about in the painting.
One afternoon, after a couple of beers, Steven says that because Marvin has been a helpful neighbor, he can have a right-of-way to drive across Steven’s land to get to a fishing pond. Two weeks later, while Marvin is driving across Steven’s land, he hears Steven yelling, "Get off my property, you trespasser!" Marvin has:_______.a. a valid oral contract.b. no enforceable contract.c. a contract that is void because trespassing is illegal.d. avoidable oral contract.
Answer:
No enforceable contract
Explanation:
An enforceable contract is a legal and written and oral agreement that could not be enforced by the court. There are several reasons that the court could not enforce the contract. The contract is enforceable because of its matter of the subjects. One party takes advantage of another party.
There are some requirements for enforceable contract:
It is legally binding enforceable contracts between two or more than two people.
The people and the entities entering into the contact are two parties.
Gillette operates numerous strategic business units. Most of its units in the personal care division have a small market share but high business growth. These units are classified as __________ on the BCG matrix.
Answer:
Question marks
Explanation:
Question marks, otherwise called problem child, refers to businesses with small market shares but high business growth. The prospects of growth for such businesses are high however, they consume a lot of resources while yielding less returns than the investment made. Products in this kind of business need to be analyzed frequently to determine whether or not they should continue to get investments, if the potential for growth still remains high or if they should be sold.
If the potential for growth is fully explored however, returns are eventually made and the investments earlier made pay off for the business owners.
Final answer:
Gillette's strategic business units with small market share but high growth in the personal care division are categorized as Question Marks on the BCG matrix.
Explanation:
Gillette's strategic business units in the personal care division that have a small market share but high business growth are classified as Question Marks on the BCG matrix. The BCG matrix, a tool created by the Boston Consulting Group, helps companies analyze their business units or product lines. It classifies business units into four categories based on market share and market growth rate: Cash Cows (high market share, low market growth), Stars (high market share, high market growth), Question Marks (low market share, high market growth), and Dogs (low market share, low market growth).
Gillette's units that are Question Marks require much attention because they have potential but consume large amounts of cash without generating a corresponding return, as they are trying to increase their market share in a growing market.
__________________ is a philosophy that focuses on improving processes to enable companies to give customers what they want the first time, every time.
Answer: Continuous Improvement
Explanation:
The continuous improvement is one of the process that helps in continual improving the individual person efforts and reducing all the unnecessary or waste efforts.
The main objective of the continuous improvement is that it helps in improving the various types of products and the services in an organization and also increase the actual quality of the products.
According to the given question, the continuous improvement is one of the type of philosophy that basically focuses on the improve the organization processes that provide consumers the products on the basis of their requirements.
Therefore, Continuous Improvement is the correct answer.
Kim is a 4-year-old who has just been in an accident and has sustained damage to an area of the brain that is specialized for a particular skill. Her doctor tells her parents that she is lucky to be so young; she should recover her ability in this domain. Her doctor is counting on Kim's brain to:______.a. become rewired as a different area takes over for the damaged area.
b. create new neurons to replace the damaged ones.
c. direct her skeletal and muscular system to work harder at the skill.
d. regenerate brain tissue.
Answer:
Her doctor is counting on Kim's brain to a. become rewired as a different area takes over for the damaged area.
Explanation:
Kim's doctor is counting on neuroplasticity. Neuroplasticity refers to the brain's ability to form new neural connections. It usually happens as a result of learning. It can also happen after an area of our brain has sustained damage. The brain will find other ways, become rewired, substituting the damaged area by using other areas. Neuroplasticity reduces with age - that is why Kim will recover fast; she is still a child - but never truly stops happening.
The ability and capability of the brain to change, modify, and adapt to function and structure is called Neuroplasticity.
The Doctor is counting on the ability to:
Option a. Become rewired as a different area takes over for the damaged area.
The ability can be explained as:
The special ability of the brain to be shaped by experience is called plasticity. The brain forms new neural connections at the place of damage by the process of learning.The brain finds new methods to rewire itself by substituting the damaged area with others.Age is an important factor as neuroplasticity decreases with age and as Kim is young her recovery will be faster.Thus, the doctor is counting on the rewiring of the damaged areas.
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Two-year-old Eva’s parents meet her assertions of independence with tolerance and understanding. They provide suitable guidance and reassurance. According to Erikson’s theory, Eva will develop __________ as a result.
Answer: C) Autonomy
Explanation:
AUTONOMY is simply being independent. It is the ability to make independent choices and choices of your own volition. It is been able to survive without having to depend too much on others.
Eva's parents are fostering AUTONOMY by allowing their daughter to be independent.
Erikson notes that in his theory, Eva (in her EARLY CHILDHOOD STAGE according to Erikson) will likely develop Autonomy because of her parents' attitude as opposed to SHAME and DOUBT.
John and Cynthia went on a date. During dinner, John consistently made eye contact with Cynthia and nodded his head as she was talking. However, instead of focusing exclusively on Cynthia, John was thinking about the game that he was missing. Which type of faulty listening behavior was John exhibiting?
Answer: Pseudo listening
Explanation:
Pseudo-listening is a form of non-listening whereby a person appears to be attentive and fully listening in a conversation but actually the person is only partially listening or ignoring the other person speaking. The main reason for pseudo listening is not to listen but to the conversation but to cater to the listener's other personal need. The word "pseudo listening" is made up of the words pseudo which is a Greek word that means "not genuine or real " and listening.[4]
Pseudo-listening is the an ineffective way to communicate. When the conversation has ended, one won't have gotten much of the information said. Since John's mind was somewhere else while Cynthia was talking, John was exhibiting pseudo listening.
American parents encourage their children to be hard working, efficient, practical, and individualistic. These values, along with other norms, beliefs, and norms that everyone would follow if we lived in a "perfect world," are referred to as ________.
Answer:
Ideal culture.
Explanation:
The "perfect world" the exercise mentioned could be referred to as an ideal culture, in which people would be hard working, efficient, practical, and individualistic. These values, along with other norms, beliefs, and norms that everyone would follow would optimistically build an utopia where everything is good, ideal, where everyone follows the same ethical, moral rules, norms, etc. It's good, as a parent, to encourage his or her children to have this set of values as long as they explain that not everyone does so, given that the utopia is always something to be achieved, but actually it never arrives.
In your own words, explain the idea of national interest.
Holding other things constant, a depreciation of the US Dollar relative to the Kenyan Shilling would cause the demand for the Shilling to _____________ and the supply for Shilling to
Answer:
The answer are; Decrease; increase
Explanation:
What is Depreciation? Depreciation is the decline in the value of an asset over a period of time cause by some factors like wear, obsolete, use, tear. according to the question, devaluation of US Dollar relative to the kenyan Shilling would cause the demand for Kenyan currency to decrease and cause the supply of Shilling to increase because devaluation of any country's currency will cause her goods cheaper for foreigners
An experimental study of low-income high school students finds that, when compared to students in the control group, students who participate in an after school mentoring program are more likely to go to college. The authors of the study could reasonably conclude that the mentoring program
Answer:
The authors of the study could reasonably conclude that the mentoring program influenced the children to save money for college and to mentor them to go to a college.
The experimental study proved that the mentoring programmed trained the children to set their minds towards achieving higher education and to save money so that they can pay the expenses of college.
Patricia drives to her favorite gas station and tells the attendant to fill her tank. The attendant asks Patricia what grade she wants, and she tells him, "regular." The attendant fills the tank. At this point, the contract between the station and Patricia is:________.
a. unenforceable.
b. executory.
c. executed.
d. void.
Answer:
b. Executory.
Explanation:
A contract under which unperformed obligations remain on both sides, or where both parties have continuing obligations to perform. For example, most leases or contracts for the sale of goods where the goods have not been delivered by the seller and the buyer has not paid, are executory contracts.
The standard error may be assumed to be large if the data are clustered close to the regression line. True or False
Answer:
FALSE
Explanation:
Standard Error is the standard deviation of sampling distribution. It is a statistic estimate of population parameter standard deviation.
It is a measure of dispersion of sample means around population means. It indicates that how accurate the mean of any given sample from the population, is likely to be compared to true population mean.
So: If standard error is small , the real data is clustered close to the estimated regression line. And - If standard error is large , the real data is spread far from the estimated regression line.
John wants to teach his pet to do a trick. Based on the partial reinforcement extinction effect, what type(s) of reinforcement should he use if he wants to ensure enduring, stable behavior?
Answer: first continuous, then partial
Explanation: Continous reinforcement refers to a reinforcement schedule whereby every correct response performed is praised or reinforced, here, every time John's pet correctly performs that trick, the active or response of the pet is rewarded, thus will help carry out the correct response due to the reinforcement it receives. However, after sometime the reinforcement should be partial such that the action isn't reinforced every time the trick is performed. This according to the partial reinforcement extinction effect is more erobust than continuous reimbursement.
Final answer:
John should use a partial reinforcement schedule, specifically the variable ratio schedule, which rewards his pet intermittently and unpredictably, to cultivate a stable and enduring behavior that is resistant to extinction when the trick is performed.
Explanation:
Partial Reinforcement and Extinction Effect
To ensure enduring, stable behavior in his pet, John should use a partial reinforcement schedule when teaching a trick. Instead of rewarding the behavior every time, which is known as continuous reinforcement, partial reinforcement only rewards the behavior occasionally. There are various types of partial reinforcement schedules, including fixed ratio, fixed interval, variable ratio, and variable interval.
In the case of the partial reinforcement extinction effect, it has been observed that behaviors conditioned with partial reinforcement are more resistant to extinction than those conditioned with continuous reinforcement. This means that once the reinforcement stops, the previously learned behavior persists for a longer period of time. Of the partial reinforcement schedules, the variable ratio schedule is particularly effective in creating robust behaviors that are resistant to extinction.
For example, if John rewards his pet intermittently but unpredictably after various numbers of successful tricks, the pet is likely to maintain the behavior even if John stops giving out treats every now and then. This mimics the variable ratio schedule and can create a strong, enduring response in the pet's behavior.
"Assuming all the workers employed at the beanbag factory are of equal ability, what might the beanbag factory do to address the diminishing marginal returns it experiences after the hire of its third worker?"
The beanbag factory can fire or replace the third worker as he is not working to his full potential.
Explanation:
It is given all the workers in the factory that are employed are of the same level of ability.
It must also follow that working at their full potential they will be able to do the same amount of work as they were able to do previously.
The amount of work thus done by the three has diminished since the hiring of the third man which makes it evident that it is him who is causing the diminishing returns.
So it is only logical to remove the man from the workforce as he is not working to his potential or is influencing the other workers too to work less.
To address diminishing marginal returns, the beanbag factory can invest in better machinery, redesign the production process, or provide training programs to improve worker skills.
Explanation:In economics, the concept of diminishing marginal returns refers to the point at which adding more workers leads to a decrease in the overall output or productivity. To address this issue, the beanbag factory could consider several options:
Invest in better machinery or technology to increase efficiency and output.Redesign the production process to eliminate bottlenecks and improve workflow.Implement training programs to enhance the skills of the existing workers, enabling them to produce more with the same resources.By implementing these measures, the beanbag factory can potentially overcome the diminishing marginal returns and increase its overall productivity.
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The spectators all cringed. It was as if they had fallen themselves and were able to feel the pain of the fallen athlete. According to the biological basis of observational learning, the action of ___ might underpin the spectator’s behavior.
Answer: Mirror neurons
Explanation:
Mirror neurons are the neurons that tends to responds when they perform a particular action and when they observe any certain action. These neurons work through observing and imitating through expression, emotions and feelings.
According to the question, spectator's behavior can be depicted through action of mirror neurons which is producing expression through observing the fall action that produced pain in athlete.This pain is analyzed by observers through observational learning.
jim goes to a new york yankees game and decides to sit with other yankees fans because they are all wearing the same colors and will cheer when the team does well new york yankes fans are jims _____
Answer: In-group
Explanation: In-group could be viewed as a social group in which Individual's which make up the group are share a similar or common interest. In-group members possess a reasonable level of loyalty, respect, solidarity and enthusiasm towards their shared or common interest.
In the scenario above Jim and other New York Yankees fans are in-groups as they share similar or common interest imtoward thame New York Yankees team. Showing feelings of interest, enthusiasm and solidarity toward the team.
Jim's decision to sit with other New York Yankees fans is an example of the bandwagon effect, illustrating how individuals join or support groups, trends, or causes because they are popular or successful. This phenomenon, represented in the context of sports fandom, demonstrates both the influence of collective enthusiasm on personal loyalty and the deep sense of community and shared identity that arises from such affiliations.
Explanation:When Jim decides to sit with other New York Yankees fans at a game, he is experiencing the bandwagon effect, a phenomenon that is not limited to sports but can be found in various aspects of social life. This effect occurs when individuals join or support a group, cause, or trend primarily because it has become popular or seems successful. In sports, this is seen when fans, like Jim, gather to support their team, wearing team colors and cheering together, creating a sense of community and shared identity.
Bandwagon effects highlight how individuals can be influenced by the enthusiasm and actions of those around them, often leading to increased loyalty and support for a team when it performs well. Moreover, the example of the Los Angeles Angels illustrates how fortunes of a team can affect its fan base, with increased numbers of supporters appearing in good times, and potentially dwindling during less successful periods. The fandom dynamic, therefore, is not just about sports but also about human behavior in social contexts, illustrating how our connections and loyalties can be influenced by collective enthusiasm and success.
Furthermore, the sense of belonging and community that comes from identifying with a group like New York Yankees fans affects our well-being, making us more willing to make personal sacrifices for the benefit of the group. This concept is evident in the willingness of die-hard fans to endure inconveniences to support their team, showing how deeply sports fandom can resonate with personal identity.
QUESTION 1 In the context of the dimensions of procedural justice, _____ is the perception that the rules used to make a decision conform to personal or prevailing standards of morality.
In the context of the dimensions of procedural justice, Voice is the perception that the rules used to make a decision conform to personal or prevailing standards of morality.
Explanation:
Voice, a critical dimension of procedural justice, refers to the perception that the person affected by a decision had some control over the outcome in the decision.
In the context of the dimensions of procedural justice, Voice is the perception that the rules used to make a decision conform to personal or prevailing standards of morality.
Procedural justice is the concept of fairness in a processes that helps in the resolution of disputes and ensures appropriate allocation of resources.An important aspect of procedural justice is related to discussions of the administration of justice and legal proceedings
In an experiment, a group of participants ate ice cream that was packaged in a red carton and another group of participants ate ice cream of the same flavor packaged in a green carton. Participants were asked to rate the ice cream on a scale of 1 to 5. In this scenario, the independent variable is thecreated by the experimenter.collected from the research participant.correlated with the predictor variable.correlated with the outcome variable
Answer:
collected from the research participant
Explanation:
The independent variable is the color of the carton, while the dependent variable is the participants' ratings of the ice cream.
Explanation:The independent variable in this scenario is the element created by the experimenter, which is the different color of the carton in which the ice cream is packaged. This means that the experimenter intentionally manipulated the color of the carton to see if it affected participants' ratings of the ice cream.
The collected data from the research participants is the dependent variable, as it is the outcome or response that is being measured in the experiment. In this case, it is the participants' ratings of the ice cream on a scale of 1 to 5.
The independent variable is correlated with the predictor variable, which is the different color of the carton. The outcome variable is correlated with the dependent variable, which is the participants' ratings of the ice cream.
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eremy is a member of a group working on a project for his sociology class. Whenever the group meets, there is conflict among several group members, and this is upsetting to the others. Joe is continuously trying to improve group harmony and trying to reduce the conflict in the group. Joe would be considered the __________ leader of the group.
Answer: Expressive
Explanation: An expressive leader is used to describe a head or superior who is open-minded and maintains a warm and healthy cordial relationship between members of his group. Such leaders are focused on maintaining cohesion within the group rather than creating a distinct boundary between himself and his members.
In the scenario above, the position taken up by Joe highlights that of an expressive leader who seeks to maintain group cohesion and harmony by mediating in conflicts and striving to reduce recurrence of future conflicts.
"Sunshine Surveyors Inc. created a lot and block survey for a new residential development, Happy Acres. The first thing they did when they surveyed the new neighborhood was to reference what type of description first?"
The type of description made by Sunshine Surveyors Inc. is metes and bounds description.
Explanation:
The metes-and-bounds description is a legal document describing the type of land. The metes and bounds measurement can be done, when the land to be measured is irregular in size and shape.
The metes-and bounds-description provides the details regarding the boundary dimension of the land. This is one of the oldest survey methods.
The natural landmarks generally help in easily identifying the particular land. Metes provide the distance between two points in a straight line. The government organizations usually follow this kind of description while conducting survey.
Theorists are likely to agree with the statement: "Couples are seeking to be more symmetrical, but in reality men do not perform their share of the housework." This would be working from what theoretical perspective?
Answer:
Feminists
Explanation:
Feminism is that theoretical perspective that tries to look at equality between both sexes.
The belief that women should be allowed the same rights, power, and opportunities as men and be treated in the same way, or the set of activities intended to achieve this state.
How would you explain the persistent corruption in certain agencies of the government in light of Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development? Give examples of government malpractice and how would Kohlberg’s theory be applied.
According to the theory, everyone has this good and evil side, so corruption is part of what we know as "evil" for some people and for others it is seen only as its own ineffectiveness.
We have all developed our own, non-transferable morals: values that not only separate “evil” from “good” in the abstract world, but also influence our behaviors, perceptions and thoughts. We could even say that it can be so internalized that it can influence our emotions. One of the most important and influential models that attempt to explain the development of our morals is Kohlberg's theory of moral development.
On the other hand, when we all have our own morals, establishing a universal has always been one of the major issues that have concerned the multitude of philosophers and thinkers. And we can observe from the Kantian perspectives of morality, based on group benefit, to utilitarian perspectives, inspired by the individual good.
Psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg wanted to get away from the content of morals and study how it developed in people. It didn't matter to him what was good or bad, it mattered how we achieved this idea of good or evil. Through a variety of interviews and studies he observed that the construction of morals increases as children grow up. As with other skills, such as language or the ability to rationalize.
In Kohlberg's theory of moral development the conclusion is that moral development goes through three levels: pre-conventional, conventional and post-conventional. Each of which is divided into two states. It is important to understand that not everyone goes through all states, nor does everyone reach the last level of development. Below we explain in detail each of the states.
During the 17th century, the French government founded a number of __________________ for the support and instruction of students in literature, painting, sculpture, music and dance, and architecture.
During the 17th century, the French Government founded a number of academies for the support and instruct of students in literature, painting and sculpture, music and dance, and architecture.
Explanation:
The Royal academy of Painting and Sculpture in Paris began to mount occasional exhibitions of members' recent work .The most significant professional art societies in Europe in the nineteenth century were the Royal Academies of Art in France and England.
They ran schools of instruction, held annual or semi-annual exhibitions, and provided venues where artists could display their work and cultivate critical notice.
A cattle drive was a very complicated operation with each detail planned out carefully in advance. Think about the life of a cowhand on a cattle drive. List and explain TWO positive aspects and TWO negative aspects of this type of life.
Answer:
Negative aspects of a cowhand on a drive: Loneliness, Long journey and sleepless night.
Positive aspects of a cowhand on a drive: Additional income
Explanation:
Because of the nature of the work, cowhand for long journey that can last for 3 months or more. Loneliness is another negative aspect for them including sleepless night because they must keep watching the cow at night.
Apart from the money received from herding cattle, they also make money for repairing fences and buildings and caring for horses
Which of the following is not part of the United States Code? a. 1933 Securities Act b. Sherman Act c. Equal Employment Opportunity Act d. Uniform Commercial Code e. All of the above are part of the United States Code.
Answer: The answer is C). Uniform Commercial Code
Explanation: The United States of Code is the official compilation and codification of the general and permanent federal statutes of the United States. The titles are from 1 to 54 (with title 53 been reserved). All the examples given above are federal laws except the Uniform Commercial Code which is a uniformly adopted state law.
A _____ is a part of the strategic prospecting plan that records comprehensive information about a prospect, traces the prospecting methods used, and chronologically archives outcomes from any contacts with the prospect.
Answer:
Tracking system
Explanation:
A system that is used to observe people or objects that are on the move with providing a time ordered sequence of the location data for processing further.