In your own words, explain how/why precipitates form. Also explain what spectator ions are.

Answer:

d = 283.68 g/mL

Explanation:

Density:

Density is equal to the mass of substance divided by its volume.

Units:

SI unit of density is Kg/m3.

Other units are given below,

g/cm3, g/mL , kg/L

Formula:

D=m/v

D= density

m=mass

V=volume

Symbol:

The symbol used for density is called rho. It is represented by ρ. However letter D can also be used to represent the density.

Here the unit given are gram/ milliliter. The given data shows that its density, because,

density = mass/ volume

d = m/v

d = 30.07 g/ 0.106 mL

d = 283.68 g/mL

Explanation:

Sodium has lower electronegativity value and a largest atom as compared to given element whereas beryllium has least metallic character.

The element Sodium (Na) has a low electronegativity as compared to other given elements. The electronegativity values of sodium is 0.93, beryllium has 1.57, magnesium has 1.31 and lithium has 0.98 so we can say that sodium has lower electronegativity value.

The element Beryllium (Be) has the least metallic character because beryllium is present at the top of the periodic table. When we go from top to bottom metallic character increases and decreases from left to right in the periodic table.

The element Sodium (Na) has the largest atom among these elements because of more number of shells added when we go from top to bottom which make higher the radius of sodium as well as size so we can conclude that sodium has lower electronegativity value and a largest atom as compared to given element whereas beryllium has least metallic character.

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Answer:

Liquid thermometers can be limited by the type of liquid used. Mercury, for instance, becomes a solid at -38.83 degrees Celsius (-37.89 degrees Fahrenheit). Mercury thermometers cannot measure temperatures below this point.:

Mercury freezes at -38.9°C, which is equivalent to -37.22°F, making it the coldest temperature that can be measured using a mercury thermometer.

Mercury freezes at -38.9°C. To convert this temperature to Fahrenheit, we can use the formula: F = (C * 9/5) + 32. Plugging in the value of -38.9°C, we get: F = (-38.9 * 9/5) + 32 = -37.22°F. Therefore, the coldest temperature that can be measured using a mercury thermometer is -37.22°F.

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Answer: Internal fertilization

Explanation: Most birds and reptiles undergoes internal fertilization in which the sperm cells are ejected and fertilizes the egg cell inside the body of the animal.

Birds and many reptiles undergo oviparity, where internal fertilization leads to the laying of hard-shelled eggs that develop outside the parent's body. The calcified eggshell provides protection and the amniotic cavity within offers a stable environment for the embryo. This adaptation facilitates thriving in diverse, often drier habitats.

Birds and many reptiles exhibit a type of fertilization and development known as oviparity. In this process, internal fertilization occurs within the parent's body, but the offspring develop outside of the parent's body. The fertilized eggs are laid by the female, and the embryo develops receiving nourishment from the egg's yolk within an eggshell enriched with calcium carbonate, which makes the shell hard. An example of an oviparous animal is the chicken, whose eggs we are commonly familiar with. This mechanism provides protection to the embryos and has allowed these species to thrive in various environments, leading to less dependence on water for the development of the young.

Reptiles and birds possess four extraembryonic membranes: the yolk sac, the amnion, the chorion, and the allantois. The amnion creates an aquatic environment for the embryo, which is significant for their terrestrial lifestyle. Through oviparity, reptiles and birds have adapted to drier environments, an evolutionary advantage over their amphibian relatives.

Answer:

               Mass percent of Mn is 34.76 %

Explanation:

                    Mass percent of an element is the mass of that element divided by the total mass of the elements forming that compound (or molecular mass.

So,

Mass percent of Mn will be given as,

          %Mn  =  Atomic Mass of Mn / Molecular Mass of KMnO₄ × 100

So,

Atomic Mass of Mn  =  54.94 g/mol

Molecular Mass of KMnO4  =  158.034 g/mol

Putting values in above formula,

          %Mn  =  54.94 g/mol ÷ 158.034 g/mol × 100

          %Mn  = 34.76 %

Answer:

first.....lets calculate the molar mass of KClO4

39+35.5+16*4

39+35.5+64

=138.5g/mol

so that mean every mole have 138.5g...got that?

138.5g = 1mole

123g=x mole

123/138.5=x

x=0.888mol

Answer:

Number of moles = mass /molar mass

                              = 123 g/ 242.0111 g/mol

                                 = 0.508 mol

Explanation:

Answer:

                     15.99 dm³

Explanation:

The molecular formula of Linoleic acid is C₁₈H₃₂O₂. As shown in attached figure, the Linoleic acid contains two double bonds hence we can say that in the Hydrogenation reaction of Linoleic acid 2 mole of H₂ are added across the two double bonds to make it saturated (Stearic acid).

The balance chemical equation for the hydrogenation of Linoleic acid is as follow:

                            C₁₈H₃₂O₂ + 2 H₂  →  C₁₈H₃₆O₂

Calculating moles of Linoleic acid:

                    Moles = Mass / M/Mass

                    Moles = 100 g / 280 g/mol

                    Moles = 0.357 moles Linoleic acid

Calculating moles of Hydrogen:

According to equation:

1 mole C₁₈H₃₂O₂ required  =  2 moles of H₂

So,

0.357 moles Linoleic acid will require  =  X moles of H₂

Solving for X,

                        X  =  2 moles × 0.357 moles / 1 mole

                        X  =  0.714 moles of H₂

Calculating volume of Hydrogen Gas:

Let us assume that the volume is calculated at standart temperature (273.15 K) and pressure (1 atm). We know that STP,

                         1 mole of gas occupies  =  22.4 dm³ of volume

So,

              0.714 moles of gas will occupy  = X dm³ of volume

Solving for X,

                     X =  22.4 dm³ × 0.714 moles / 1 mole

                     X =  15.99 dm³

Note: As the answer is not 17.28 dm³ so it means that the conditions for gas like temperature and pressure are different and are not mentioned in statement. Hence, if the conditions are known then one can use ideal gas equation i.e. PV=nRT to solve for volume.

Answer:

Cells that support neurons

Answer:

hu?

Explanation:

Answer:

tin (Sn) have larger volume than titanium (Ti)

Explanation:

Data Given:

larger volume of titanium or tin?

Solution:

First we will find volume for each element.

To calculate volume of Titanium (Ti):

formula used

      d = m/v

Rearrange the above formula for volume

       v = m/d . .. . . .(1)

Where

v= volume

d= density

m= mass

As Reported

Mass of Titanium = 48 g/mol

density of  Titanium = 4.506 g/cm³

Put values in above equation 1

        v = 48 g/mol / 4.506 g/cm³

        v = 10.65 cm³/mol

volume of 1 mole Titanium 10.65 cm³

_______

Now we will find volume for tin (Sn)

To calculate volume of tin (Sn):

formula used

      d = m/v

Rearrange the above formula for volume

       v = m/d . .. . . .(1)

Where

v= volume

d= density

m= mass

As Reported

Mass of Tin= 118.7 g/mol

density of  Tin = 7.31 g/cm³

Put values in above equation 1

        v = 118.7 g/mol / 7.31 g/cm³

        v = 16.24 cm³/mol

volume of 1 mole Tin 16.24 cm³

So,

It is clear that tin (Sn) have larger volume than titanium (Ti)

The two observation made them came to the conclusion that earth's outer core is liquid is, 'Shear waves' one of energy waves do not travel through the outer layer and the magnetic field found in earth's surface

Explanation:

Answer:

molecules

Explanation:

Data Given:

mass of aspartame = 10 g

molecules of aspartame = ?

Solution

First we calculate no. of moles of 10 g aspartame

For which mole formula will be used

               no. of moles = mass in grams / molar mass . . . . . . .(1)

Formula of aspartame:

C₁₄H₁₈N₂O₅

So,

The molar mass of aspartame (C₁₄H₁₈N₂O₅) will be

molar mass of C₁₄H₁₈N₂O₅ = 14(12) + 18(1) + 2(14) +5(16)

molar mass of C₁₄H₁₈N₂O₅ = 168 + 18+ 28 + 80

molar mass of C₁₄H₁₈N₂O₅ = 294 g/mol

put values in equation 1

          no. of moles = 10 g / 294 g/mol

          no. of moles = 0.034 mol

now we will calculate no. of molecules

Formula will be used

           no. of moles = no. of molecules / Avogadro's number

Rearrange the above equation:

no. of molecules = no. of moles x Avogadro's number . . . . . (2)

Where

Avogadro's number = 6.022 x 10²³

Put values in equation 2

           no. of molecules =0.034 mol x 6.022 x 10²³ (molecules/mol)

           no. of molecules = 2.0475 x 10²²

So,

There are 2.0475 x 10²² molecules are in 10 grams of aspartame that is 0.034 moles of aspartame.

So,  in turn its 0.034 moles of molecules are in 10 g of aspartame.

The moles of molecules are in 10 g of aspartame - 0.034 × 10¹⁹

The number of molecules of a given mass of a substance using the molar mass of the substance and Avogadro's constant, 6.022 × 10²³

The number of moles = [tex]mass\ of\ the\ substance * \frac{1}{molecular\ mass}[/tex]

= [tex]\frac{10}{294}[/tex]

= 0.034 × 10 ⁻⁵ mole

Using Avogadro's constant, we can convert this value to molecules as so:

= 0.034 × 10 ⁻⁵ (6.022 × 10²³)

= 0.034 × 10¹⁹

Thus, the moles of molecules are in 10 g of aspartame - 0.034 × 10¹⁹

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Answer:

. Physical change because compressibility is a physical property.

Explanation:

I took a test with this in it and this was right.

Answer:

C

Explanation:

the answer is c because compressibility is a physical property

Answer:

              Option-B (Table Salt) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

                     Salt formation takes place when Metal (like Na) and Non-metals (like Cl₂) are reacted. In given statement the reaction will be as follow:

                                        2 Na + Cl₂   →   2 NaCl

Above reaction can be divided as;

Oxidation Reaction:

The Sodium Atom (Na) being metal loses its single valence electron to attain a stable noble gas configuration as,

                                           Na  →  Na⁺  +  1 e⁻

Reduction Reaction:

The Chlorine Atom being non-metals accepts the electron from Na atom and changes into Chloride ion as,

                                          Cl₂  +  2 e⁻   →    2 Cl⁻

Formation of Salt:

Hence, the Na⁺ and Cl⁻ formed attracts each other and form an Ionic bond as,

                                            Na⁺  +  Cl⁻    →     NaCl

Note: You should remember that NaCl (Sodium Chloride) is also known as Table Salt :)

Final answer:

When sodium (Na) reacts with chlorine (Cl₂), the compound formed is table salt (option B), or sodium chloride (NaCl). The reaction is a synthesis of two reactive elements creating an ionic bond to form a stable, commonly used condiment and preservative.

Explanation:

The compound that is formed when the soft putty-like metal sodium (Na) reacts with the green-colored poisonous gas chlorine (Cl₂) is table salt (option B), which is chemically known as sodium chloride (NaCl). The reaction can be represented by the equation:

2 Na(s) + Cl₂ (g) → 2 NaCl(s)

This chemical reaction involves a transfer of electrons from sodium to chlorine, resulting in the formation of Na⁺ ions and Cl⁻ ions, which bond together to form the ionic compound sodium chloride. Sodium is a very reactive metal and chlorine is a correxive gas that should not be inhaled, but when these two are combined, a stable and harmless compound, table salt, is produced.

Explanation:

Chemical reaction

When two or more substances react and form some new substance it is called as chemical reaction .

There are so many reactions , out of which decomposition is also one type .

It is explained below :

Decomposition reaction

it is the type in which a reactant breaks up into its constituents  either by heating or passing current or in presence of light .

That is :  

(a) Photo decomposition (breaking in presence of light )  

Examples AgCl-----Ag+Cl₂

                (white )  (grey )

(B)Electrolytic decomposition : breaking by passing current  

Example : NaCl------Na+Cl₂

©Thermal decomposition : breaking by heating )

Example : Pb(No₃)₂-----PbO+NO₂+O₂

                                                                          (reddish brown gas )

ACTIVITY TO DEMONSTRATE : heating of ferrous sulphate  

FeSO₄.7H2O------FeSO₄+7H₂O

(GREEN )

FeSO₄-----------------heat -------Fe₂O₃+SO₂+SO₃

This question is done considering : Identify the type of reaction

2 Pb(NO3)2 – 2 PbO + 4 NO2 + O2

Answer: a. 2K + I2 => 2 KI

Explanation: Potassium or K is in group 1 so its oxidation is 1+ while Iodine is in group 7 so its oxidation is -1. Iodine is expressed as I2 when written individually. So the reaction is K reacts with I2 to produce KI. Then balance the equation by adding 2 to K and 2 to KI to balance the equation.

Answer:

218.02 mL

Explanation:

Data Given:

weight of the empty beaker = 49.03 g

weight of water and beaker = 267.05 g

density of water = 1 g/mL

Solution:

As we know that the volume that beaker hold is the volume of water that occupied by it.

For this first we have to find mass of the water in the beaker

This can be calculated by the subtraction of beaker's weight from the weight of beaker and water.

      weight of water (m) = total weight - weight of beaker

put values in the above formula

      weight of water (m) = 267.05 g - 49.03 g

      weight of water (m) = 218.02 g

To find volume we will use density formula

              d = m/v

rearrange the above equation to calculate volume

               v = m/d . . . . . . . (1)

put values in equation 1

            v = 218.02 g / 1 (g/mL)

            v = 218.02 mL

The volume that beaker hold = 218.02 mL

Explanation:

This uplifting of the ocean floor occurs when convection currents rise in the mantle beneath the oceanic crust and create magma where two tectonic plates meet at a divergent boundary. The other process proposed to contribute to the formation of new oceanic crust at mid-ocean ridges is the "mantle conveyor".

Mid-ocean ridges and ocean trenches has been result in the cycling of matter with the movement of tectonic plates.

Cycling of matter has been defined as the transfer of matter from one place to another. The transfer of matter has been achieved within the ecosystem.

The mid-ocean ridges have been present in the part of the divergent plate boundaries. The ocean trenches have been the convergence of the tectonic plates.

The convergence and divergence of the tectonic plates results in the transfer of matter from one place to another. Thus, mid-ocean ridges and ocean trenches has been result in the cycling of matter with the movement of tectonic plates.

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Answer:

4.27 moles of NaCl

Explanation:

Molar mass of NaCl = 23 + 35.5 = 58.5 g/mol

Number of moles of NaCl(table salt) = 250 grams /58.5 g/mol

= 4.27 moles of NaCl

Answer: 0.2 moles H2O

Explanation: 1 mole of H2O is equal to the molar mass of water

Solution:

3.60 g H2O x 1mol H2O / 18 g H2O

= 0.2 mol H2O

Answer:

0.074

Explanation:

15% means that in 100 g of solution 15 g sodium hydroxide is present.

Mass of water = 100 - 15 = 85 g

Number of moles of sodium hydroxide:

Number of moles = 15 g/40 g/mol

Number of moles = 0.375 mol

Number of moles of water:

Number of moles = 85 g/18 g/mol

Number of moles = 4.7 mol

Moles fraction of NaOH:

moles of NaOH/ moles of solvent + moles of solute

0.375 mol/ 0.375 mol+4.7mol

0.375 mol / 5.075 mol

0.074

Answer:

The manager sold the book shelf at $235.2

Explanation:

Since we have given that

Wholesale price of the book shelf = $147.00

But Gabriela's Furniture Store marks up all furniture by 60%.

So, Mark up value is given by

                                        = [tex]\frac{60}{100} \times 147[/tex]

                                        = [tex]\frac{8820}{100}[/tex]

                                        = $88.2

So, the new price that the manager sold the book shelf is given by

                                         = 147 + 88.2

                                       = $235.2

Therefore, the manager sold the book shelf at $235.2

Answer:

4 moles of Nitrogen gas is produced.

Explanation:

Is in the picture. I used mole ratio.

Hope this helps!

Answer:

                       V₂ = 106.33 ml

Explanation:

Data Given:

                 Initial Temperature  =  T₁  =  27 °C + 273.15 = 300.15 K

                 Initial Pressure  =  P₁  =  740 mmHg

                 Initial Volume  =  V₁  =  120 ml

                 Final Temperature  =  T₂  =  0 °C + 273.15 = 273.15 K

                 Final Pressure  =  P₂  =  760 mmHg

                 Fnal Volume  =  V₂  =  ?

Formula Used:

Let's assume that the Oxygen gas is acting as an Ideal gas, the according to Ideal Gas Equation,

                       P₁ V₁ / T₁  =  P₂ V₂ / T₂

Solving for V₂,

                       V₂ = P₁ V₁ T₂/ T₁ P₂

Putting values,

                       V₂ = 740 mmHg × 120 ml × 273.15 K / 300.15 K × 760 mmHg

                       V₂ = 106.33 ml

The volume of dry oxygen gas at STP is approximately 95.3 mL.

To find the volume of dry oxygen gas at STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure), we will follow these steps:

First, we need to calculate the partial pressure of the dry oxygen. The total pressure (740 mmHg) includes the vapor pressure of water at 27°C, which is 26.7 mmHg.

Subtract the vapor pressure of water from the total pressure to find the pressure of the dry gas:

Pdry gas = Ptotal - Pwater vapor

Pdry gas = 740 mmHg - 26.7 mmHg = 713.3 mmHg

Use the Ideal Gas Law to convert the volume of dry gas to STP conditions.

Remember that STP is 0°C (273.15 K) and 1 atm (760 mmHg).

Using the combined gas law: (P₁ * V₁ / T₁) = (P₂ * V₂ / T₂)

V₂ = (P₁ * V₁ * T₂) / (P₂ * T₁)

Insert the values: P₁ = 713.3 mmHg, V₁ = 120 mL, T₁ = 300.15 K (27°C + 273.15), P₂ = 760 mmHg, T₂ = 273.15 K

[tex]V_2 = \frac{713.3 \, \text{mmHg} \times 120 \, \text{mL} \times 273.15 \, \text{K}}{760 \, \text{mmHg} \times 300.15 \, \text{K}}[/tex]

V₂ ≈ 95.3 mL

Therefore, the volume of the dry oxygen gas at STP is approximately 95.3 mL.

Answer:

             The correct Option is C (It is polar, because the bond polarities add together in a bent  molecule.)

Explanation:

The molecular structure of Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S) is attached below;

The molecule of Hydrogen Sulfide is polar due to following two reasons;

1)  Electronegativity Difference:

                                                   Sulfur has an electronegativity of 2.58 while that of Hydrogen is 2.20. Hence, sulfur being more electronegative attracts the electron fro hydrogen making it slightly partial positive and increasing electron density and becoming slightly partially positive. So, we can call this bond as slightly polar bond.

2) Dipole Moment:

                             Dipole moment occurs when the bond is polar. Being a vector quantity it strongly depends upon the geometry of a molecule. In H₂S the two polar bonds cannot cancel each other because they are not in opposite direction  as that found in case of CO₂. Hence, H₂S is a polar compound.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is polar due to the differences in electronegativity between hydrogen and sulfur and its bent molecular shape, which prevent the bond polarities from canceling each other out.

The correct option is C, 'H2S is polar because the bond polarities add together in a bent molecule'. The molecule hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is indeed polar. This is due to the fact that sulfur is more electronegative than hydrogen, creating a dipole moment in the bond. As the molecule is not symmetric, the polarities do not cancel out, making the molecule overall polar. In geometrical terms, the H2S molecule forms a 'bent' or 'V' shape, similar to water (H2O).

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Answer:

Percent yield = 63.3%

Explanation:

Given data:

Mass of copper = 32.89 g

Mass of oxygen = 32.89 g

Mass of copper(II) oxide formed = 26.20 g

Mass of calcium chloride produced = ?

Solution:

The actual yield of reaction is the amount that you have recovered such as 26.20 g.

Theoretical yield will be calculated in the following way,

Chemical equation:

2Cu + O₂  →  2CuO

Number of moles of Cu:

Number of moles  = Mass /molar mass

Number of moles = 32.89 g / 63.55 g/mol

Number of moles = 0.52 mol

Number of moles of  O₂:

Number of moles = Mass /molar mass

Number of moles  = 32.89 g / 32 g/mol

Number of moles = 1.03 mol

Now we will compare the moles of CuO with Cu and O₂.

                  O₂           :               CuO

                  1               :               2

                 1.03           :            2.06

                Cu              :                CuO  

                 2                :                 2

                  0.52           :             0.52

The number of moles of CuO produced by Cu are less so it will limiting reactant.

Mass of CuO: (THEORETICAL YIELD)

Mass = number of moles × molar mass

Mass = 0.52 mol × 79.55 g/mol

Mass = 41.4 g

Percent yield:

Percent yield = actual yield /  theoretical yield  × 100

Percent yield = 26.20 g/ 41.4 g × 100

Percent yield = 63.3%

Answer:

Explanation:

Bio preffix means life. Thus, literally, biodiversity means how diverse is the life. This is, how many different organisms an ecosystem or biome has.

Thus, biodiverstiy, although more complex than just that, is a measure of the number of species that live in a region.

The biome with most species than any other, this is the biome with the greatest biodiversity, is the tropical rainforest biome, which are located near the equator. As you can imagine, a large number of different plants, animals, and microorganisms live in these forests, making them the regions with greatest biodiversity on the planet.

Answer:

Cost of the distribution network  

Explanation:

The cost of building a distribution network is the major concern. Each refill station costs about $1.5 million.

A is wrong. Hydrogen comes from water, which is plentiful in the oceans. When hydrogen reacts in the fuel cell, the water is re-formed

C is wrong. The fuel cell will last for about 300 000 km.

D is wrong. Although hydrogen can be produced from petroleum, water is the most likely source.

Answer:

B. Cost of the distribution network

Explanation: