Answer:
Mesopelagic zone
Explanation:
The Mesopelagic zone, also referred to as the Twilight zone, is the second oceanic zone from the top, lying just bellow the Epipelagic zone. It is occupying the waters at depths between 200 meters and 1,000 meters. The sunlight is only managing to reach the top few meters of this zone, while the rest is not receiving any sunlight, thus this zone is not supporting the plant species because they need sunlight for the process of photosynthesis. There are lot of animal species that live in this zone though, and they are ll very well adapted for it, often having hard shells or heavily scaled bodies, larger lungs and heart, and very well developed gills. Some of the animals that live in here are the crabs and the clams. They have developed all the needed characteristics to live in this zone. Because they are prey to lot of larger animals, both the crabs and the clams have started to use the soft sediments at the bottom as cover, digging themselves below it, and mostly managing to evade trouble and end up as food for the other species.
Dissolved oxygen (do) is critical to the ecology of an aquatic ecosystem. it can be affected by temperature, pollution, and numerous other factors. when the oxygen produced by photosynthetic plants in the water dissolves in the water, which of these is being formed?a)atomsb)a compoundc)an elementd)a solution
Answer
Dissolved oxygen behaves as a solution of O₂ in water. A solution is a mixture of a solute (the substance that is dissolved) and a solvent (the substance that dissolves the solute). In this case, the solute is the Oxygen and the solvent is the water. No atoms, compounds nor molecules are formed in this process, as there is no chemical reaction involved.
Explanation:
Dissolved oxygen (do) is critical to the ecology of an aquatic ecosystem. The correct option to this question is b) a compound
What is dissolved Oxygen?Dissolved oxygen (DO) refers to the level of free, noncompound oxygen (O2) dissolved in water or other liquids. The bonded oxygen in water (H2O) is in a compound and does not count toward dissolved oxygen levels. The amount of oxygen that is dissolved or carried in a given medium as a percentage of the maximum concentration that can be dissolved in that medium at the given temperature is known as oxygen saturation.
DO is an important parameter in assessing water quality because of its influence on the organisms living within a body of water. Oxygen enters water by diffusion from the surrounding air, by aeration, or as a byproduct of photosynthesis.
Thus, when the oxygen produced by photosynthetic plants in the water dissolves in the water, a compound is formed.
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The net result of a single glycolysis run is the formation of
Answer:
2 pyruvates, 2 ATP, 2 NADH
Explanation:
Glycolysis is the process in which glucose is broken down to pyruvate in order to produce energy. It occurs in cytosol and it can be divided into two phases: phase that requires energy (two ATP molecules are used) and phase that produces energy (four ATP molecules together with two NADH are produced).
After the glycolysis, which is the first step in cellular respiration, final products (two pyruvats) are further used. The next steps are: pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST
greenhouse gases trap _____.
a. carbon dioxide
b. infrared radiation
c. uv radiation
d. visible spectrum radiation
the answer is not carbon dioxide in gradpoint
B, infrared radiation
The greenhouse gas is the type of gases which adsorbs infrared radiation in thermal range and causes global warming. So, the correct option is B.
What is Greenhouse gas?A greenhouse gas is defined as a gas which absorbs and emits radiant energy within the thermal infrared range that causes the greenhouse effect. The primary greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone.
During the day, the sun shines through the atmosphere, heating the Earth's surface while at night, the Earth's surface cools, releasing heat back into the air, where some of the heat is trapped by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
Thus, the greenhouse gas is the type of gases which adsorbs infrared radiation in thermal range and causes global warming. So, the correct option is B.
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Kayla is learning about ecology and made a study chart.
Which headings best complete the chart?
X: Abiotic
Y: Biotic
X: Biotic
Y: Abiotic
X: Niche
Y: Habitat
X: Habitat
Y: Niche
HURRY PLEASE NO TIME TO WASTE!!!!!!
Answer:
x: Niche
y: habitat
Explanation:
x: because a niche is an action of an animal and one of the bullet points state " describes how a organism interacts with its enviorment "
y: because a habitat is a place that supports an organisms needs and the y section has the same statement.
X: Abiotic
Y: Biotic
X: Biotic
Y: Abiotic
X: Niche
Y: Habitat
X: Habitat
In many countries fishing is strictly regulated : method, limits, seasons, fishing grounds, and size are all legally defined. Such conservation methods came about for many reasons. Which of these is NOT one of those reasons?
A. The worlds oceans have been overfished
B. Governments restrict fishing so they can make more money
C. Other methods such as blast fishing damage important underwater habitats.
D. Without restrictions on size or sex, too many females or young could be eliminated
Answer:
B
Explanation:
fishing industry, as any other, pays taxes to the governments, so the more fish is caught, the more income in the budget of the government
plz thank me?
Answer:B
Explanation:
The Goverment is not rash just by looking at the answer you can see that it is false
1. Increased efforts to conserve areas such as rain forests are necessary in order to
exploit finite resources
protect biodiversity
promote extinction of species
increase industrialization
2. One way to determine if pollution is affecting the ecosystem is to look at species called
an umbrella species
an indicator species
a biomarker
a frog with deformities
3.
An example of _________________ can be seen in the case study of effect of DDT as it increased in animals up the food chain.
biomagnification
the food pyramid
bioaccumulation
an indicator species
4.
Which action will result in the greatest decrease in rain forest stability?
powering all homes with wind energy
harvesting nuts from some trees
removing one species of plant for medicine
cutting down all the trees for lumber
5.
The process of accumulating higher and higher amounts of a toxic material such as mercury or PCBs within the body of any animals is called
biological half-life
biological resistance
bioaccumulation
biological demagnification
Answer:
1. Protect biodiversity
2. An indicator species
3. Biomagnification
4. Cutting down all the trees for lumber
5. Bioaccumulation
Explanation:
1. Conserving areas such as rain forests protect biodiversity because rain forests hold one of the highest biodiversity. They carry different types of resources that support different forms of life and at the same time, the organisms that live there support each other as well.
2. An indicator species is an organism that scientists can observe to see if there are changes in the environment it lives in. They judge the change or the implications based on the absence of the species in the environment (in which they used to be present), the presence of the species, and markers of adaptation due to the change in the ecosystem.
3. Biomagnification is a term used when contaminants that were consumed by the organisms in the lower trophic level are passed on to the next trophic level in higher concentrations. This is why those in the highest trophic levels are affected the most because they get the higher concentration of contaminants. DDT was banned when this phenomena was observed.
4. The greatest decrease in rain forest stability would be due to the cutting of trees. We can disrupt stability by gathering resources like nuts from some trees or when you remove one species of plant for medicine. However, the trees are an essential part of the rain forest because each part or area of the tree support different organisms. By cutting the whole trees off and several of them, you doom the organisms that rely on them as well.
5. As mentioned above, bioaccumulation is often interchanged with biomagnification but they differ in the usage of the terms. Like biomagnification, it talks about the accumulation of contaminants in organisms that ingest or absorb them. But bioaccumulation is a term used in a smaller scale, where it talks about the accumulation of the contimants in the tissues of the organism and not how they are passed on.
Answer:
1. Protect biodiversity
2. An indicator species
3. Biomagnification
4. Cutting down all the trees for lumber
5. Bioaccumulation
Explanation:
1. Conserving areas such as rain forests protect biodiversity because rain forests hold one of the highest biodiversity. They carry different types of resources that support different forms of life and at the same time, the organisms that live there support each other as well.
Explanation:
Help design a species
Answer:
just combine traits of ur two favortie animals and put it into a punnett square :)
Explanation:
Answer:
Basically explain about how would two different kind of species would react such as an mouse and a hedgehog. Would a offspring mouse/ hedgeho have quills on its back or would it have ever a tail.
Explanation:
Carbon that gets into the soil through (animal death or defecation) can get buried and eventually (after a really long time) turn into what?
A. Algae
B. Water
C. Bacteria
D. Fossil Fuels
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Crude oils, shale, and natural gas are some of the fossil fuels formed in this way. They are specially formed when vast amounts of algae die and sink to the bottom of the oceans over time and accumulate with sediments. They become buried under vast layers of sediments that apply high pressure. Over time, the high pressure and temperature turn the organic molecules into fossil fuels.
Bacteria and fungi feed on a dead log.These organisms act as decomposers by breaking
down the matter in the log and returning
vital nutrients to the ecosystem.Which of
the following terms describes the role of the bacteria and fungi in the environment?
A.) producer
B.) habitat
C.) niche
D.)community
Answer:B habitat
Explanation:
Brad seems to be in a continuous state of anxiety, though he is unable to identify the source of his feelings. the most likely diagnosis for brad is ________ disorder.
Answer:
Generalized anxiety disorder
Explanation:
It takes thousands of years for radioactive wastes from nuclear power plants to decay to the point that they are no longer dangerous. These radioactive wastes are often disposed of by putting them into the ground. The site where nuclear waste is to be stored must be chosen carefully because any disturbance to the site, such as an earthquake, could cause the waste to leak out of the site and contaminate the ground and/or the water. In addition, other considerations, such as how close the site is to large centers of human population, and how close it is to important environmental resources such as wildlife refuges for endangered species, must also be considered in case leakage does occur. The question of how many people and/or important natural resources might be affected if there were leaks at a site is important.
Imagine that you were in charge in deciding where a nuclear waste site should be established on a small continent about the size of Australia. In the picture is a map showing several proposals for where the site should be and each one is indicated on the map by a square with a number in it. Study the information given on the map and decide at which place the radioactive waste disposal site should be located.
A.Which site did you choose as the radioactive waste disposal site? Write the number.
B.Approximately how far is this site from the nearest city?
C.How far is it from the nearest important environmental resource, such as a national park or wildlife refuge?
D.What is the risk of earthquake damage at the site you chose?
E. Explain why you chose the site you did. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the site and what you considered most important when making your decision about where it should be located.
Answer & Explanation::::::::::::
Whatever fuel is used, the waste produced in generating electricity must be managed in ways that safeguard human health and minimise the impact on the environment.For radioactive waste, this means isolating or diluting it such that the rate or concentration of any radionuclides returned to the biosphere is harmless. To achieve this, practically all radioactive waste is contained and managed, with some clearly needing deep and permanent burial. From nuclear power generation, unlike all other forms of thermal electricity generation, all waste is regulated – none is allowed to cause pollution.Nuclear power is characterised by the very large amount of energy produced from a very small amount of fuel, and the amount of waste produced during this process is also relatively small. However, much of the waste produced is radioactive and therefore must be carefully managed as hazardous material. All parts of the nuclear fuel cycle produce some radioactive waste and the cost of managing and disposing of this is part of the electricity cost (i.e. it is internalised and paid for by the electricity consumers).All toxic waste needs be dealt with safely – not just radioactive waste – and in countries with nuclear power, radioactive waste comprises a very small proportion of total industrial hazardous waste generated.Radioactive waste is not unique to the nuclear fuel cycle. Radioactive materials are used extensively in medicine, agriculture, research, manufacturing, non-destructive testing, and minerals exploration. Unlike other hazardous industrial materials, however, the level of hazard of all radioactive waste – its radioactivity – diminishes with time.The most common microscope used in high school biology laboratories is the compound light
microscope.
A)True
B)False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
I think the answer is False
In a species of ground finch that inhabits the galapagos islands, the average beak size increased over several generations from 9 mm to 10 mm after a drought that left only large hard seeds for the finches' food source. this is
Answer:
Evolution.
Explanation:
The ground finch could not survive after the drought with the size of its beak.
The beak required in order to feed on the hard seeds needed to be stronger and longer.
Due to this, the finch beak evolved and developed into a stronger longer beak adapted to feeding on large hard seeds.
Without this evolution, all the finches left on the Galapagos island could face extinction out of starvation.
The fda requires that foods labeled "all natural" be produced without partially hydrogenated oils, added sugars, or gmos. the fda requires that foods labeled "all natural" be produced without partially hydrogenated oils, added sugars, or gmos.
a. True
b. False
The answer would be a.True
Final answer:
The claim that the FDA requires 'all natural' foods to be produced without partially hydrogenated oils, added sugars, or GMOs is false. The FDA does not have a formal definition for 'all natural.' They do, however, have guidelines for organic labeling and have taken steps to regulate trans fats.
Explanation:
The statement that the FDA requires that foods labeled "all natural" be produced without partially hydrogenated oils, added sugars, or GMOs is false. The FDA has not developed a definition for the term "all natural" or similar terms. However, the FDA has taken steps to eliminate trans fats from the food supply by requiring the removal of partially hydrogenated oils by 2021. They have also required that trans fat content be listed on the Nutrition Facts panel of food labels since 2006. While the FDA has guidelines for organic labeling, which includes the prohibition of GMOs, synthetic fertilizers, and certain pesticides, these are not the same as an "all natural" label.
The table below shows the building blocks of the macromolecules. Which building blocks belong in the missing spots?
sugars; monotides
amino acids; nucleotides
nucleotides; amino acids
Answer:
Proteins are Amino Acids.Nucleic Acids are nucleotides. 2nd answer listed
Explanation:
That's what the building blocks are for this missing ones.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
The amino acids are the monomers that combines to form Protein. Specifically, a protein is made up of one or more linear chains of amino acids joined together by peptide bond.
Nucleic acids are made up of nucleotides. which consists of a 5 carbon sugar, nitrogenous bases and a phosphate group.
The microtubule-organizing center found in animal cells is an identifiable structure present during all phases of the cell cycle. Specifically, it is known as the _____.
a.) microtubulere
b.) centrosome
c.) centromere
d.) kinetochore
Answer:
b.) centrosome
Explanation:
Centrosome is a structure with the function of main microtubule organizing center (MTOC) of the animal cell. This structure has a key role in mitosis where it acts as a regulator of cell-cycle progression. Centrosome is composed of two centrioles which serve to organize microtubules durind the cell division.
option B. The microtubule-organizing center consistently present in animal cells during all phases of the cell cycle is called the centrosome. It is responsible for creating and organizing microtubules which take part in cell division.
Explanation:The microtubule-organizing center found in animal cells that is present throughout all phases of the cell cycle is known as the centrosome. Centrosomes serve a critical function during cell division, they are responsible for creating and organizing the microtubules that form the mitotic spindle in mitosis. It's essential to recognize the difference between the centrosome, the centromere, and the kinetochore. The centromere is the point of attachment for sister chromatids, while the kinetochore is a protein structure on chromatids where the spindle fibers attach during cell division to pull sister chromatids apart.
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Atp and gtp are primary sources of energy for biochemical reactions. (a) describe the structure of the atp or the gtp molecule. (b) explain how chemiosmosis produces atp. (c) describe two specific cell processes that require atp and explain how atp is used in each process. (d) an energy pyramid for a marine ecosystem with four levels. bottom to top 1-4. label each trophic level of the pyramid and provide an example of a marine organism found at each level of this pyramid. explain why the energy available at the top layer of the p
a
Answer:
structure of ATP
The ATP molecule is composed of three components.
The center holds a sugar molecule known as ribose which is the same sugar that forms the basis of RNA.
One side of the sugar has an attachment of a string of phosphate groups which are key to the activity of ATP.
The other side has a base attached to it. This is a group consisting of linked rings of carbon and nitrogen atoms.
The base is adenine.
b
Answer:
During chemiosmosis, a concentration gradient of hydrogen ions is generated between the matrix of the mitochondria and the inter-membrane space.
This gradient is generated because hydrogen ions move from the matrix to the inter membrane space using the energy released by the electrons as they travel through the electron transport chain.
Hydrogen ions diffuse from the inter-membrane space of the mitochondrion to the matrix, through the ATP synthase in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
This diffusion happens due to the above mentioned concentration gradient of hydrogen ions formed between the matrix of the mitochondria and the inter-membrane space.
Kinetic energy released during the movement of hydrogen ions by diffusion is used to phosphorylate ADP, to produce ATP.
c
Answer:
Active Transport
There are four different types of proteins found in cell membranes that can transport molecules across the membrane known as P-class pumps.
In order for active transport to occur, you need ATP.
Such specific pumps include:
sodium-potassium pumpscalcium pumps.Molecular ions will bind to the main site on the protein, and then an ATP will bind to a secondary site in order for movement into and out of the cell. If there is no ATP, then the molecular ions can not go where they are needed.
Anabolic Reactions
Anabolic reactions refer to reactions in which molecules, such as fats, lipids carbohydrates and proteins, are made.
In order to build new molecules, energy is needed to form molecular bonds.
When one of the phosphates on the triphosphate of the molecule gets cleaved off, energy that was needed to form the phosphate bond is released
Therefore, ATP turns into ADP or adenosine diphosphate.
The phenotype frequency in a population changes after each generation, which would most likely be causing this? A. The population is to large. B. Mates are chosen randomly C. Some traits give an advantage. D. All organisms produce one offspring.
Answer:
C. Some traits give an advantage
Explanation:
Due to evolution,some organisms tend to undergo some gradual change of characteristics that is from simple life forms to more complex life forms due to the adaptation of the organisms to the environment.These adaptations are passed to offsprings from their parents and only the organism with beneficial characteristics survive hence there is differing in phenotype frequency.Answer:
c
Explanation:
Study the pie chart and then complete the sentences
1). Electricity
Agricultural
Industrial
2). Deforestation
The burning of fossils fuels
Raising livestock
Answer:
According to the pie chart, the electricity sector produces more greenhouse gases than any other sector. This is mainly due to the burning of fossil fuels.
Explanation:
In 2015, the electricity sector was 29% of all greenhouse gas emissions. Most of the greenhouse gases from electricity come from burning fossil fuels like coal and natural gas. The next highest greenhouse gas emissions come from the transportation sector, which is also caused by burning fossil fuels.
PLZZZZZ HELPPPP!! What happens to the length of day at 40 degrees latitude during the summer solstice compared to the winter solstice at 40 degrees latitude?
Answer:The day gets longer
Explanation: Because we get more sunlight than in the winter solstice
The answer is the day gets longer
Which are characteristics of cephalopods? Check all that apply.
A)open circulatory system
B)complex nervous system
C)swim by jet propulsion
D)two shells connected by a hinge
E)feet modified as tentacles
Answer:
The correct answer is option B, C, AND E.
Explanation:
Cephalopods are the member of class Cephalopoda of the molluscan group such as squid. They're made up of a body, a head and a foot having a muscular case called a mantle that protects their organs.
Some species also have tentacles that are modified of their feet.
Cephalopods nervous system is the most complex of any invertebrate nervous system.
Member of this class shows different types of swimming to fishes which is jet propulsion such as squid.
Thus, the correct answer is option B, C, AND E.
A virus cannot reproduce on its own. Viral DNA or RNA must enter the host cell and direct the cell to make the materials needed to produce more viral particles. There are two pathways a virus may take: the lytic or lysogenic pathway.
How are the lytic and lysogenic viral pathways ALIKE?
A) They both have a prolonged period of dormancy.
B) They both eventually cause the death of the host cell.
C) In both cases, viral DNA is replicated when the host cell undergoes fission.
D) In both cases, viral DNA is integrated into the host DNA for a period of time.
In both cases, viral DNA is integrated into the host DNA for a period of time
Answer:
B) They both eventually cause death of the host.
Explanation:
Viruses do not have their own energy producing system. Thus, viruses can only reproduce or replicate using host energy and reproduce by two methods. These are called the lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle. In both the cycles, the viruses inject their genetic material into the host cell. In the lysogenic cycle, the viral DNA is integrated into the host DNA, while in the lytic cycle, the viral DNA exists as a separate free floating molecule within the host cell, and it reproduces separately from the host DNA. In both the cases the host cell die.
What does the hypothalamus do and where is it located
They hypothalamus is responsible for the regulation of certain metabolic processes and other activities of the autonomic nervous system. It controls body temperature, hunger, thirst, fatigue, sleep etc. It is located in the brain below the thalamus.
The hypothalamus, located in the brain's diencephalon, regulates crucial functions such as body temperature, hunger, thirst, and circadian rhythms, acting as a link between the nervous system and the endocrine system through its control over the pituitary gland.
Explanation:The Hypothalamus and Its Functions
The hypothalamus is a critical brain structure located in the diencephalon, just above the brain stem and inferior and slightly anterior to the thalamus. This small region, approximately the size of an almond, acts as the control center for many autonomic functions in the body. The hypothalamus plays a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis by regulating various physiological processes, including body temperature, heart rate, hunger, and thirst. It also influences fatigue, sleep, wakefulness, and circadian rhythms, often referred to as sleep cycles.
The hypothalamus has a fundamental connection with the endocrine system, particularly the pituitary gland, which is suspended from it by a structure called the infundibulum or pituitary stalk. The pituitary gland, nestled within the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone, is composed of two lobes: the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis), made up of neural tissue, and the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis), which is glandular tissue. The hypothalamus synthesizes and secretes hormones that either control the secretion of hormones in the anterior pituitary gland or are transported to and released from the posterior pituitary into the bloodstream contributing to various bodily functions such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
The hypothalamus is also an integral part of the limbic system, influencing memory and emotion, further emphasizing its crucial role in both the physical and psychological aspects of human function. Thus, it acts as the executive region in charge of the autonomic nervous system and endocrine responses, coordinating the body's reaction to environmental changes.
What is the correct order of the translation initiation complex?
a. P, A, E
b. P, E, A
c. E, P, A
d. E, A, P
e. A, P, E
f. A, E, P
A. P,A,E.
It first tRNA enters the p site. The rest of the tRNA enters through the a site. And leave through the e site. The first tRNA will remain in the p site, building the polypeptide chain until it hits a stop codon
Answer:
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Explanation:
it is a
This is formed as a waste product in photosynthesis and used as a reactant in respiration.
Answer:
Oxygen
Explanation:
Photosynthesis is a process performed by the plants (also some algae and bacteria) in which the energy of sunlight is transformed into chemical energy usable by those plants. Necessary components of this set of reactions are sunlight, water and CO2, while resulting products are glucose and oxygen. Products of photosynthesis are then used in the metabolic processes known as cellular respiration. During the cellular respiration, glucose and oxygen are used for the production of ATP, CO2 and water. Cellular respiration is performed in all living organisms.
Which of the following is the most common type of hydrolysis damage in the cell?A. deamination of thymidineB. breakage of the glycosidic linkage between the pyrimidines and the DNA backboneC. removal of cytosine from the DNA backbone to create an abasic siteD. deamination of cytosine to uracilE. None of the damage types given is known to occur in cells.
Answer:
D. deamination of cytosine to uracil
Explanation:
Hydrolytic DNA damage is usually a consequence of metabolic reactions and the most common example of this type of damage is hydrolysis of cytosine into uracil with the release of ammonia. This damage can be fixed by the cell's DNA repair system:removal of uracil by an enzyme uracil-DNA glycosylase and consequently generation of an abasic (AP) site. AP endonucleases recognise AP site and break a phosphodiester bond so that lesion can be replaced with another cytosine.
Final answer:
The depurination process, which removes guanine or adenine from deoxyribose in DNA, is the most common hydrolysis damage in cells, occurring more frequently than deamination of cytosine to uracil.
Explanation:
The most common type of hydrolysis damage in a cell is depurination, which is the spontaneous hydrolytic removal of guanine or adenine from deoxyribose C#1 in a DNA strand. This occurs at a rate of about 5000 instances per cell per day. This type of damage is more frequent than the deamination of cytosine to uracil, which occurs at an estimated 100 instances per cell per day. However, deamination of cytosine is one of the most consequential types of damage because if uncorrected, it can mutate the DNA sequence by changing a C-G pair to a T-A pair. Fortunately, cells have mechanisms to correct this form of damage through repair processes that remove the uracil and replace it with the correct cytosine.
What animal is called the ship of the desert
Answer: the camel
Explanation:
because of its adaptation to the desert
Where does the energy for human metabolism come from
Answer:
From food
Explanation:
Food energy is a chemical energy used by humans through the process of cellular respiration. Food contain macromolecules such as lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, water, vitamins, and minerals that are necessary for the human metabolism and they are broken down and used by the series of metabolic steps (glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electront transport chain and oxidative phosphorilation). Digested macromolecules should be used either as a source of energy or as building blocks for the cell.
At the end of catabolic processes within an organism food energy is transformed into energy usable by the cell-ATP.
An action potential does not re-stimulate the adjacent membrane that was previously depolarized because
A. stimulation is inhibited by the myelin sheath. B. it is impossible for an action potential to be propagated along an axon toward the nerve cell body. C. the resting membrane potential of the axon is too positive. D. the resting membrane potential of the axon is too negative. E. that area of the membrane is in the absolutely refractory period.
Answer:
E. that area of the membrane is in the absolutely refractory period.
Explanation:
Refractory period is a period during which neuron cell cannot be stimulated (depolarized). This is why the action potential can only travel in one direction from the neuron body towards axon.
Refractory period occurs because of the inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channels (while action potential is at its peak) which cannot be open for a certain period of time. and membrane cannot be depolarized.
An action potential does not re-stimulate the previously depolarized adjacent membrane because it is in the absolute refractory period, preventing the reopened of inactivated sodium channels and thus ensuring the unidirectional propagation of the action potential.
Explanation:An action potential does not re-stimulate the adjacent membrane that was previously depolarized because that area of the membrane is in the absolute refractory period. During the absolute refractory period, the voltage-gated sodium (Na+) channels, which open during depolarization to allow Na+ ions into the cell thus initiating the action potential, are inactivated and cannot reopen until they return to their resting state. This ensures that the action potential only travels in one direction along the axon, towards the axon terminals.
The refractory period is critical in the sequential firing of action potentials and maintaining the unidirectional flow of nerve impulses. The sodium-potassium pump will eventually restore resting potential after this period, but until then, no new action potentials can be initiated in the refractory zone. Therefore, the correct answer to the student's question is E. that area of the membrane is in the absolute refractory period.
Which of the following statements correctly describes the effect a nonsense mutation would have on a gene?a) It changes an amino acid in the encoded protein.b) It alters the reading frame of the mRNA.c) It introduces a premature stop codon into the mRNA.d) It has no effect on the amino acid sequence of the encoded protein.
C. It introduces a premature stop codon