Answer:
Solids
Explanation:
Aluminum
Explanation:
An ambulance is speeding towards you at 20 m/s. If the siren is producing a sound at a frequency of 737 Hz, what is the frequency you hear? (The speed of sound is 343 m/s).
Answer:
828 Hz
Explanation:
The Doppler effect equation states:
fr = (c + vr) / (c + vs) fs,
where fr is the frequency heard by the receiver,
c is the speed of sound,
vr is the velocity of the receiver,
vs is the velocity of the source,
and fs is the frequency emitted at the source
One important note: vr is positive if the receiver is moving towards the source, negative if away.
Conversely, vs is positive if the receiver is moving away from the source, and negative if towards.
The ambulance is moving toward you, so vr is positive and vs is negative.
Plugging values into the equation:
fr = (343 m/s + 20 m/s) / (343 m/s − 20 m/s) (737 Hz)
fr = 828 Hz
As you would expect from the Doppler effect, you hear a higher frequency when the ambulance is moving toward you.
Find the density of seawater at a depth where the pressure is 680 atm if the density at the surface is 1030 kg/m3. Seawater has a bulk modulus of 2.3 × 109 N/m2. Bulk modulus is defined to be
B ≡ rho0 ∆P ∆rhoAnswer in units of kg/m3.
Answer:
[tex]1060.41kg/m^3[/tex]
Explanation:
Bulk modulus is defined as the relative change in the volume of a body produced by a unit of compressive acting uniformly over its surface:
[tex]B=\rho _o \frac{\bigtriangleup P }{\bigtriangleup \rho}[/tex]
Hence the density of the seawater at a depth of 680atm is calculated as:-
[tex]\rho=\rho_o +\bigtriangleup \rho=\rho_o(1+\frac{\bigtriangleup P}{B})\\\\=1030 \times (1+ \frac{(680-1)\times10^5}{2.3\times 10^9})\\=1060.41kg/m^3[/tex]
what is the ability of water to condense on the surface on a cool glass mainly due to?
Because of its contact with air surface
Explanation:
When the water comes into contact with surface of a cool glass, water surface gets its contact with open surface air.
Due to the contact of water droplets with atmospheric air water particles condense up, which means molecules inside the water droplets comes into close contact where the inter molecular spaces becomes tight than previous.
Hence, Water gets condensed while it is brought into contact with cool glass.
How would you describe the layers of the earth
Harry Potter or Pokemon Sword?
I can't decide what i'd prefer
I'd go both
please helppppp meeeee I am struggling
Answer:
see below
Explanation:
The color you see is the result of that color being reflected (not absorbed) by the object.
The "reflected" answers here are straightforward. You also need to know that the mix of all colors is white.
__
For the "absorbed" answers, you need to look through the list of all colors and see which is NOT absorbed. That color is reflected, so is the color of the object.
When all light is absorbed, the apparent color is "black."
_____
These ideas are also used in other applications.
A "black hole," for example, is a stellar object that conceptually absorbs everything — all forms of energy and matter. (However, it has been recently discovered that black holes actually emit a certain kind of radiation.)
Conceptually, "white noise" is noise that consists of every frequency (all "colors"). In practice, it is restricted to a certain band, just a white light is restricted to the band of visible frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum.
The areas of the pistons are 20 cm^2 and 100 cm^2. A force of 10 N is applied to the small piston. How much force is on the large pistons?
Answer:
50N
Explanation:
A1 (area of the smaller piston) = 20cm² = 0.2m²
F1 (force acting on the smaller piston) = 10N
F2 (force acting on the larger piston) =?
A2 (area of the larger piston) = 100cm² = 1m²
F1 / A1 = F2 / A2
F2 = (F1*A2) / A1
F2 = (10*1) / 0.2
F2 = 50N
Final answer:
Through Pascal's law, applying a force of 10 N to a small piston in a hydraulic system can exert a force of 50 N on a larger piston, illustrating the force magnification capability of hydraulic systems.
Explanation:
The problem you've posed relates to the principles of a hydraulic system, which leverages Pascal's law to transmit force through a fluid in a confined space. According to Pascal's law, the pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted undiminished in every direction throughout the fluid. In the context of hydraulic systems, this principle allows for force magnification or reduction based on the areas of the pistons involved.
Given the force applied to the smaller piston (10 N) and the areas of the small (20 cm2) and large (100 cm2) pistons, we can calculate the force exerted on the larger piston as follows:
First, calculate the pressure applied by the small piston: Pressure (P) = Force (F) / Area (A), hence P = 10 N / 20 cm2 = 0.5 N/cm2.Since the pressure is transmitted undiminished, the force on the large piston can be found by multiplying the pressure by the larger area: F = P × A = 0.5 N/cm2 × 100 cm2 = 50 N.Therefore, the force exerted on the large piston by applying a force of 10 N to the small piston, in an ideal hydraulic system ignoring friction and other losses, is 50 N.
If an object has a mass of 26 g on earth, would its mass be less than 26g on the moon?
Answer:
No
Explanation:
An objects mass is not affected by gravity. No matter where an object is, it will have the same mass. How much it weighs will change, because gravity will change.
Answer:
No, the mass of the given object will be same on the Earth as well as on the Moon.
Explanation:
The term "mass" is estimation of a given object or a system of objects. It is a totally independent quantity. Thus, its magnitude will not vary while carrying it from one place to another.
5. A construction worker on a high-rise building is on a platform suspended between two cables as illustrated below. The construction worker weighs 850 N, the plank weighs 450 N, and the tension in the left cable is 550 N.
Answer:
a) Tc = 750 [N] ;b) See the explanation below.
Explanation:
To solve this problem, we first need a graphical explanation of this, as well as knowing the corresponding questions. Therefore, a search was carried out in google, in the attached image we will find a graphical description of the problem.
b)
The solution of this type of problem corresponds to the use of Newton's third law, applying static which tells us that the sum of the forces in a system in equilibrium without movement must be equal to zero.
a)
In this way we can find by means of a sum of forces on the y axis equal to zero:
- 850 - 450 + 550 + Tc = 0
Tc = 750 [N]
As potential and kinetic energy increase what happens to mechanical energy?
A. Mechanical energy increases
B. Mechanical energy decreases
C. Mechanical energy stays the same
D. Mechanical energy has no relation to kinetic and potential energy
Answer:
a
Explanation:
Where a compass points to in Hudson Bay Canada
Answer:
Temagami, James Bay
Explanation:
Why is a football firm when it is inflated to its proper pressure
Answer:
Proper Inflation and Feel When inflating your ball, you can use either a hand pump or an air pump equipped with a gauge that gives readings in pounds per square inch, also called psi. Footballs used in the NFL are inflated to 13 psi, but a proper range can fall between 12.5 and 13.5 psi, according to Wilson Sporting Goods.
Explanation:
A football is firm when it is inflated to its proper pressure due to the relationship between volume, pressure, and temperature in a gas.
Explanation:A football is firm when it is inflated to its proper pressure due to the relationship between volume, pressure, and temperature in a gas.
When air is pumped into the football, its volume increases initially without much increase in pressure. However, once the air has filled the football to a certain point, the walls of the football resist further expansion, causing an increase in pressure with more air. Additionally, once the football is inflated, its pressure can further increase with temperature.
This is because when the temperature of a gas increases, the average kinetic energy of its particles increases, leading to more frequent and forceful collisions with the walls of the football, which in turn increases the pressure.
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help!
If energy is everywhere, name one location and identify 3 forms of energy present there
Answer:
factory:
-mechanical energy
-nuclear energy
-gravitational energy
Explanation:
8) When an F-14 airplane takes off an aircraft carrier it is literally catapulted of the flight deck.
The plane's final speed at take-off is 68.2 m/s. The F-14 starts from rest. The plane accelerates
in 2 seconds and has a mass of 29 545 kg. What is the total force that gets the F-14 in the air? 9)A sports car accelerates from 0 to 27 m/s, 60 mph, in 6.3 seconds. The car exerts a force of
4106 N. What is the mass of the car?
10)A boy can accelerate at 1.00 m/s? over a short distance. If the boy were to take an energy
pill and suddenly have the ability to accelerate at 5.6 m/s“, then how would his new energy-pill-
force compare to his earlier force? If the boy's earlier force was 45 N, what is the size of his
energy-pill-force?
12) A cartoon plane with four engines can accelerate at 8.9 m/s- when one engine is running.
What is the acceleration of the plane if all four engines are running and each produces the same
force?
The total force required to launch an F-14 from an aircraft carrier is calculated using Newton's second law (F = m * a). The mass of a sports car exerting a known force can also be found using the same principle. Changes in force based on different levels of acceleration and the cumulative effect of multiple engines on acceleration are understood using the proportionality of force to acceleration.
Explanation:To calculate the total force that gets the F-14 in the air from an aircraft carrier, one can use Newton's second law, which states that force equals mass times acceleration (F = m * a). First, we find the acceleration using the formula a = (v - u) / t, where 'v' is the final velocity, 'u' is the initial velocity (which is 0 m/s in this case), and 't' is the time. Substituting the given values, a = (68.2 m/s - 0 m/s) / 2 s, which gives an acceleration of 34.1 m/s². The mass of the plane is 29,545 kg, so the force can be found by multiplying the mass by the acceleration: F = 29,545 kg * 34.1 m/s², which results in a total force of 1,006,284.5 N.
For the sports car question, we are given the force exerted by the car and asked to find the mass. Since force equals mass times acceleration, the mass is equal to force divided by acceleration. The acceleration (a) can be calculated by using the formula a = (v - u) / t. With v being 27 m/s, u being 0 m/s, and t being 6.3 seconds, the mass (m) is calculated as m = F / a. After computing 'a', you can use the provided force (F) to find 'm'.
If the boy's acceleration changes due to the energy pill, the force can be recalculated using Newton's second law, keeping in mind that Force is proportional to acceleration for a constant mass. If the original force was 45 N for an acceleration of 1.00 m/s², and the new acceleration is 5.6 m/s² with the same mass, the new force will be proportional to this increase. The new force would be found by multiplying the old force by the ratio of the new acceleration to the old acceleration, giving us the new force = old force * (new acceleration / old acceleration).
To determine the acceleration of the cartoon plane with all four engines running, you would simply multiply the acceleration with one engine by the number of engines if each engine provides the same force. Therefore, if the acceleration with one engine is 8.9 m/s², with all four engines it would be 4 times that, resulting in an acceleration of 35.6 m/s².
51.34
Which refers to the amount of heat required to change the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1"C and is related to
the chemical composition of the substance?
Thermal energy
Specific heat
Activation heat
Boiling point
Answer:
Specific heat.
Explanation:
I got it right!
Greek philosophers such as Demoncritus and Aristotle had ideas about the composition of matter. For example, Demoncritus believed matter was made of tiny, solid spheres that he called atomos, and Aristotle thought matter was made up of earth, water, fire, and air. Aristotle's idea of matter was the accepted idea for over 2,000 years until John Dalton came up with a new theory about matter based on his experimental data. Which of the following best explains why Dalton's theory became more widely-accepted over Aristotle's theory?
A) Aristotle's theory became the law of conservation of mass when he documented phase changes of matter.
B) Dalton's theory was more complete because more respected scientists found the ideas possible.
C) Aristotle's theory did not have enough direct evidence due to poor observational tools.
D) Dalton's theory had repeated observations which were supported by extensive evidence.
Answer:
D) Dalton's theory had repeated observations which were supported by extensive evidence.
Explanation:
Dalton had a basis for this prediction and theory. He worked extensive on gases before stepping forward with the Dalton's atomic theory.
His scientific conjecture was highly corroborated with a wide array of experimental evidence and many infallible proofs.
Science is a logical way of reasoning that follow methodological approaches. It deals with empirical experimental proofs that must have been gathered and the veracity ascertained. Dalton during his time presented the scientific community with a pool of observations balanced with experimental evidences he accumulated with time.Final answer:
John Dalton's atomic theory superseded Aristotle's theory because it was based on repeated observations and extensive experimental evidence, marking a shift to scientific methodology in understanding matter.
Explanation:
The reason why John Dalton's atomic theory became more widely accepted over Aristotle's theory of matter is choice D) Dalton's theory had repeated observations which were supported by extensive evidence. Unlike Aristotle, who postulated that matter was composed of four elements - earth, air, fire, and water - without empirical evidence, Dalton based his atomic theory on experimental data. He made quantitative measurements and supported his hypotheses with detailed observations on the weights and combinations of elements.
Dalton's work marked a significant transition from philosophical speculation to scientific methodology in understanding the composition of matter. This alignment with the emerging scientific methods of the time made Dalton's theory far more persuasive and enduring than Aristotle's more abstract and empirically unsupported notions.
PLEASE HELP!!!
Question 17 (1 point)
How long does it take a car accelerating at 3.87 m/s^2 from rest to cover 1020 m?
Choices:
A: 527 s
B: 264 s
C: 23.0 s
D: 16.2 s
Answer:23 seconds
Explanation:
Acceleration(a)=3.87m/s^2
distance(d)=1020m
Initial velocity(u)=0
d=uxt + (axt^2)/2
1020=0xt + (3.87xt^2)/2
1020=(3.87xt^2)/2
Cross multiply
1020x2=3.87xt^2
2040=3.87xt^2
t^2=2040/3.87
t^2=527.13
t=22.95
Time(t) is approximately 23seconds
_____ replacement involves one element replacing another element in a compound.
Answer:
Single replacement
Explanation:
A single replacement reaction is a reaction in which the less reactive elements are replaced by the more reactive element in a compound. This is so because the more reactive element are higher in the electrochemical series element than the less reactive elements
The term is single replacement reaction in chemistry, where one element replaces another in a compound. An example is the reaction between zinc and copper sulfate, forming zinc sulfate and copper.
Explanation:The process being referred to is known as a single replacement reaction or single displacement reaction in chemistry. A single replacement reaction involves one element displacing another element in a compound, resulting in a new element and a new compound. For example, the reaction between zinc and copper sulfate can be represented as Zn + CuSO4 → ZnSO4 + Cu, where zinc replaces copper in the compound copper sulfate to form zinc sulfate.
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- Becky leaves home and rides a distance of 30 km H took her 25
hours. What is her speed?
Answer:
1.2
Explanation:
30/25=1.2 so 1.2*25=30
Answer:1.2 hours
Explanation:
distance=30km
Time=25hours
Speed=distance/time
Speed=30/25
Speed=1.2km/hr
Which quantity refers most directly to the average molecular kinetic energy present in a substance?
thermal energy
temperature
specificheat
heat of fusion
(B) Temperature
Explanation:
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules in the system. The water molecules in a cup of hot coffee have a higher average kinetic energy than the water molecules in a cup of iced tea, which also means they are moving at a higher velocity.The specific heat capacity is how much energy is needed to increase the temperature of one gram of a substance by 1°C or 1K.
A cannon ball with a mass of 100 kg flies in horizontal direction with a speed of 600 m/s and strikes a railroad freight car filled with sand and initially at rest. The total mass of the car and sand is 25,600 kg. Find the speed of the car after the ball becomes embedded in the sand
Answer:
2.334 m/s
Explanation:
From law of conservation of linear momentum, the sum of initial and final momentum are equal. Since momentum p=mv where m is mass and v is speed. The initial mass of 100 kg has momentum but lorry is at rest hence no momentum.
Initial momentum
100*600=60000 kg.m/s
Final momentum
Both lorry and 100 kg exert momentum hence total mass is 100+25600=25700 kg
25700v=60000
V=60000/25700=2.3346303501945525291828793774319066147859 m/s
Rounded off, final velocity is 2.334 m/s
Final answer:
The speed of the railroad freight car after the cannonball becomes embedded in the sand is 2.33 m/s, calculated using the law of conservation of momentum.
Explanation:
The question involves finding the speed of a railroad freight car after a cannon ball, flying in a horizontal direction, becomes embedded in the sand inside the car. This situation is governed by the law of conservation of momentum, which states that the total momentum of a system before an event must equal the total momentum after the event, assuming no external forces act on it. The initial momentum of the system is the product of the mass of the cannonball and its velocity. After the collision, the cannonball and the car move together, so their combined mass moves with a common velocity.
To solve this, the initial momentum (mass of the cannonball × its velocity) + (mass of the freight car × its initial velocity, which is zero since it's at rest) = the total mass of the system (cannonball + freight car) × the final velocity.
Substituting the given values, we have (100 kg × 600 m/s) + (25,600 kg × 0 m/s) = (25,700 kg) × final velocity. Simplifying, we find the final velocity = (60,000 kg·m/s) / 25,700 kg = 2.33 m/s.
Which of the following is true about the gibbous moon? A. All of its lit surface can be seen. B. More than half of its lit surface can be seen. C. Less than half of its lit surface can be seen. D. None of its lit surface can be seen.
The fact which is true about the gibbous moon is more than half of its lit surface can be seen.
Option B
Explanation:
There are nearly 12 phases the moon undergoes between one new moon to another new moon condition. All these phases has different names based on their shape or structure visible in the sky during this period.
The gibbous phase of the moon comes in the 4th and 6th phase after the new moon. The gibbous moon which comes in the 4th phase is termed as waxing gibbous as from this time, the size of the moon lit will be increasing till full moon, after this phase.
Then in the 6th phase, the gibbous moon is termed as warning gibbous moon as from this time, the size tends to decrease after this. But in both the conditions, when the moon is in gibbous moon phase, more than half of its lit surface will be seen in the sky.
Answer:
More than half of its lit surface can be seen.
Explanation:
when work is done by an applied force, the objects energy will change. in this interactive, does the work cause a kinetic energy change or a potential energy change?
for context; the interactive is “It’s all Uphill”.
According to work-energy theorem, when work is done by an applied force, the object's kinetic energy will change.
The work-energy theorem only takes into account net work; it does not take into account work produced by a single force.
According to the work-energy theorem, an object's change in kinetic energy equals the net work performed by the applied forces.
The quantity of internal and mechanical energy that things contain fluctuates as a result of work. Energy is contributed to a system or an item when work is done on it.
The body was initially at rest before the work being performed; it was only after a force was applied that there were energy changes in the kinetic energy.
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Final answer:
In the interactive 'It's all Uphill,' the work done by pushing an object up a ramp increases the object's potential energy.
Explanation:
When work is done by an applied force on an object, it results in an energy change for that object. If the interactive mentioned is 'It's all Uphill,' where the context involves pushing an object up a ramp, the work done would primarily increase the object's potential energy.
This is because as the object is raised to a higher elevation against gravity, it stores more energy in the form of potential energy which could be converted back to kinetic energy if the object were allowed to fall back down.
Work-energy theorem is crucial in understanding these concepts as it states that the work done on an object results in a change in kinetic energy. When the work is done against gravitational force, like pushing an object up an incline, it increases the object's potential energy.
Conversely, when an object is allowed to move downwards, the gravitational force does work on the object, converting its potential energy into kinetic energy.
Real-world examples, such as driving a car, illustrate how forces can do work which either increase kinetic energy (acceleration) or decrease it (braking).
When the car accelerates, the engine does work, and the car's kinetic energy increases. When you apply the brakes, they do work in the opposite direction of motion, and kinetic energy decreases.
When you hit a .27 kg volleyball the contact time is 50 ms and the average force is 125 N. If you serve the volleyball (from rest) sending it up at 30 degrees above the horizontal, what is the
A) vertical component of the momentum of the volleyball in kgm/s?
B) horizontal component of the momentum of the volleyball in kgm/s?
The vertical component of the momentum of the volleyball is -0.49 kgm/s and the horizontal component is 38.93 kgm/s.
Explanation:To find the vertical component of the momentum, we need to first find the vertical velocity of the volleyball. We can use the equation:
vf = vi + at
The initial vertical velocity is 0 m/s since the volleyball was sent up from rest. The final velocity can be found using the equation:
vf = vi + gt
where g is the acceleration due to gravity. Plugging in the values and solving for vf, we get:
vf = 0 + (-9.8 m/s^2)(0.05 s)
vf = -0.49 m/s
Since the downward direction is considered negative, the vertical component of the momentum is -0.49 kgm/s.
To find the horizontal component of the momentum, we can use the equation:
p = mv
where p is the momentum, m is the mass of the volleyball, and v is the horizontal velocity. The horizontal velocity can be found using:
vx = v * cos(theta)
where theta is the angle above the horizontal. Plugging in the values, we get:
vx = 45 m/s * cos(30 degrees)
vx = 38.93 m/s
Therefore, the horizontal component of the momentum is 38.93 kgm/s.
At NASA's Zero Gravity Research Facility in Cleveland, Ohio, experimental payloads fall freely from rest in an evacuated vertical
shaft through a distance of 132 m.
(a) If a particular payload has a mass of 50 kg, what is its potential energy relative to the bottom of the shaft?
(b) How fast will the payload be traveling when it reaches the bottom of the shaft?
m/s
(c) Convert your answer to mph for a comparison to highway speeds.
mph
Answer:
(a). Energy is 64,680 J
(b) velocity is 51.43m/s
(c) velocity in mph is 115.0mph
Explanation:
(a).
The potential energy [tex]P[/tex] of the payload of mass [tex]m[/tex] is at a vertical distance [tex]h[/tex] is
[tex]P =mgh[/tex].
Therefore, for the payload of mass [tex]m = 50kg[/tex] at a vertical distance of [tex]h = 132 m[/tex], the potential energy is
[tex]P = (50kg)(9.8m/s^2)(132m)[/tex]
[tex]\boxed{P = 64,680J}[/tex]
(b).
When the payload reaches the bottom of the shaft, all of its potential energy is converted into its kinetic energy; therefore,
[tex]mgh= \dfrac{1}{2}mv^2[/tex]
[tex]v= \sqrt{2gh}[/tex]
[tex]v = \sqrt{2*9.8*135}[/tex]
[tex]\boxed{v = 51.43m/s}[/tex]
(c).
The velocity in mph is
[tex]\dfrac{51.43m}{s} * \dfrac{3600s}{hr} * \dfrac{1mile}{1609.34m}[/tex]
[tex]\boxed{v= 115.0mph}[/tex]
Which of the following is not one of the reasons to properly warm up before exercising?
A. Develop overall flexibility.
B. Increase blood flow to the muscles and raise body temperature.
C.Prevent injuries such as strains sprains and muscle cramps.
D. Return heart rate to resting levels.
Answer:
Letter D is not a reason to warm up.
Answer:
d
Explanation:
What term describes gas that is compressed into a smaller space than it would normally occupy at Earth's surface?
pressurized gas
condensed gas
repressed gas
surplus gas
Answer:
Pressurized gas
Explanation:
When we compress the gas, the volume occupied by a gas decreases, since the volume is inversely proportional to the pressure, the compression of the gas causes an increase in Pressure. The molecules not only collide with each other but also on the walls of the container.
Compressed gases can cause fires, explosions, low-oxygen atmospheres, exposure to toxic gases and the physical danger associated with high-pressure cylinders. Special procedures for storage, use, handling and disposal are required to ensure the safety of the researchers who use these chemicals and equipment. There are also risks associated with the gas pressure and the physical weight of the cylinder. A falling gas bottle can break containers and crush your feet. The cylinder can become a missile if the cylinder valve breaks.
You want to set up an experiment in which the forces attract each other. What must your set up look like?
Answer:Use two magnants with opposite poles South and north attract to each other same poles push away. So using two magnants as the forces that will attract each other.
Explanation: I feel like this is how I would go about it but If it is wrong I apologize but I don't know what else they would want. So that said Good luck :) hope this helps.
Use two magnet of opposite poles to set up an experiment in which the forces attract each other. In this set up, the poles of the magnet must be opposite and it can be easily demonstrated as an experiment in which the forces attract each other.
What is magnetic force?The attraction or repulsion of magnetic force results from the motion of electrically charged particles. It is the fundamental force behind phenomena like how electric motors operate and how magnets are drawn to iron.
Among fixed electric charges, there are electric forces; among moving electric charges, there are both electric and magnetic forces. The influence of a magnetic field generated by one charge on another charge can be referred to as the magnetic force between two moving charges.
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What determines the type of element an atom is?
O
O
O
A. The number of neutrons
B. The number of protons
C. The number of electrons
O
D. The combined number of protons and neutrons
Answer:
B. The number of protons.
Explanation:
Number of [tex]protons[/tex] in the [tex]atomic\ nucleus.[/tex]
Protons are positively charged components of the atomic nucleus and it is what makes one element different from another.
10) Suppose you have a transparent material that is more dense than glass. How would the light ray be
affected? Y
According to the law of reflection, When a ray of light passes from rarer medium to denser medium , it bends towards the normal. So, if there is a transparent material that is more dense than glass then the ray of light will bend towards the normal. The direction of light through the medium is predicted by Snell's Law. According to the Snell's law:
n₁ sin θ₁ = n₂ sin θ₂
Where n₁ is the refractive index of the first medium
n₂ is the refractive index of second medium.
θ₁ and θ₂ are the angle of incidence of light in medium 1 and medium 2