Answer:
First answer : equilibrium shift towards the formation of the reactants
Second answer : equilibrium shift towards the formation of products
Third answer : need to add more H2O.
Explanation:
In a reversible chemical reaction, the shift of equilibrium of the reaction towards the production of products or reactants is dependent on the abundance of reactants or products. As in the first question, if the products available are more (C) than the reactants, then the equilibrium of the reaction would shift towards the formation of the reactants (A and B). As in second question, If reactants available are more (heat addition) than that of products, then the equilibrium of the reaction would shift towards the formation of products (D). As in the third question, we want to generate more HCL, which is the reactant, so we need to increase the amount of product, so we need to add more H2O.
How can some pain relievers work to reduce pain signals at the synapse?
Answer:
Opioid pain killers block synaptic transmission of nerve impulses by binding to opioid receptors.
Explanation:
Different types of pain medication have different mechanisms of action. These pain medications are broadly classified as:Non-opioid pain killers that include aspirin and ibuprofen. These work by inhibiting the enzymes responses for producing the pain signals at the site of injury or source of pain. These enzymes, known as COX-1 and COX-2 produce a chemical called prostaglandin. This hormone transmits the pain signals to the nervous system.Opioid pain killers, such as codeine, morphine and oxycodone, physically block the synaptic transmission of the pain signal. They bind to receptors known as opioid receptors. Opioid receptors are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). In cell signaling, GPCRs are receptors that activate/inhibit signaling pathways through activation/inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, an enzyme that producing cAMP, a second messenger that regulates the K+ and Ca+2 channels responsible for nerve impulse transmission. Opioid pain killers inhibit adenylyl cyclase consequently reducing cAMP production. This blocks Ca+2 channels and opens K+ channels in the neurons, thereby reducing neuron excitability and the release of neurotransmitters.3. Adjuvant pain killers are used to treat neuropathic pain i.e. pain due to injury of the nervous system.
Please help
Dominant or recessive
And what is Ann’s genotype?
a. alkaptonuria appears to be caused by a recessive allele.
b. Ann's genotype is homozygous recessive (aa), meaning she inherited two copies of the recessive allele for alkaptonuria from her carrier parents.
a. Based on the pedigree, alkaptonuria appears to be caused by a recessive allele. This is because affected individuals are represented by colored circles and squares, indicating that they have the disorder. In a recessive inheritance pattern, individuals need to inherit two copies of the recessive allele (one from each parent) in order to have the disorder. If the disorder was caused by a dominant allele, only one copy of the allele would be needed for an individual to be affected.
b. To determine Ann's genotype, we need to analyze the information provided in the pedigree. Ann is represented by a colored square, indicating that she is affected by alkaptonuria. Since alkaptonuria is caused by a recessive allele, Ann must have inherited two copies of the recessive allele (one from each parent) in order to be affected.
Since Ann's parents are not affected (unaffected individuals are represented by empty circles and squares), they must be carriers of the recessive allele. A carrier is an individual who has one copy of the recessive allele but does not show any symptoms of the disorder. When two carriers have a child, there is a 25% chance for the child to be unaffected, a 50% chance for the child to be a carrier, and a 25% chance for the child to be affected.
Therefore, Ann's genotype is homozygous recessive (aa), meaning she inherited two copies of the recessive allele for alkaptonuria from her carrier parents.
How does starch react with iodine?
Answer:
When iodine and starch are dissolved together in water, gooey starch molecules instantly trap iodine ions close together to create a dark, blueish-black color. (Dripping liquid iodine onto a potato will turn it the same color, due to all of the spud's starch.)
Hope this helps :))
1. What are the 4 things that must be occurring in a population for natural selection to occur? (These are Darwin's 4 postulates, use your
notes!)
Darwins u postulates
Final answer:
Natural selection occurs when there is a variation of traits, the heritability of these traits, competition for limited resources, and differential survival and reproduction (fitness) which leads to evolutionary changes in a population.
Explanation:
To understand Darwin's theory of natural selection and what must be occurring in a population for it to take place, we must consider Darwin's four postulates. These factors are essential for the mechanism of evolution through natural selection.
Variation of traits among individuals in a population. This genetic variation is crucial because, without it, there would be no differences upon which natural selection could act.These variations must be heritable, meaning that they can be passed down through generations. This allows for the favorable traits to be accumulated over time.There must be competition for resources. Since resources are limited, not all individuals can survive and reproduce, leading to a 'struggle for existence.'Individuals with traits that give them an advantage in their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. This differential survival and reproduction is known as fitness, and over time, this can lead to changes in the population.These principles form the basis of Darwin's theory of natural selection, illustrating how populations change over time and how new species can evolve.
A cell has 38 chromosomes. After mitosis and cell division, one daughter cell has 39 chromosomes and the other has 37. What might have caused these abnormal chromosome numbers? What effects do you suppose this might have on cell function? Why?
Aneuploidy is the condition that occurs when daughter cells are formed with unequal or abnormal number of chromosomes after mitosis and cell division.
Explanation:
Aneuploidy occurs when homologous chromosomes fail to segregate or rearrange leading to chromosomal nondisjunction. This condition leads to genetic mutations, giving rise to abnormal number chromosomes in the daughter cells, where (2n+1) or (2n-1) haploid daughter cells are formed instead of 2n chromosomes.
Trisomy is the aneuploidic condition caused when there is a third chromosomal (2n+1) copy instead of two copies, which has occurred in the given case leading to formation of daughter cells with 39 chromosomes instead of 38.
Aneuploidy disrupts cell function and can lead to organ malformation as in Down's syndrome, cell multiplication leading to cancers, etc due to disturbance of protein homeostasis.
Which of these wind factors do NOT influence ocean waves?
A velocity (kinetic energy) of the wind
B temperature of wind
C the smell of the air
D duration and direction of the wind Which of these wind factors do NOT influence ocean waves?
Answer:
C
Explanation:
The velocity of wind is the magnitude and direction so it definitely influences the waves. Temperature does based on molecular energy increasing as the temperature increases. Since direction is part of velocity, it gives that answer away.
The results of gel electrophoresis are shown below. What can you determine
about the DNA from looking at the results of this test?
electrode
| 11 ||
III|||
||II|||II
O
A. Strand 1 is larger than strand 4.
O
B. Strand 2 is smaller than strand 3.
O
C. Strand 2 is larger than strand 4.
O
D. Strand 4 is the smallest.
Answer:
B strand 2 is smaller than strand 3
Explanation:
Answer:
B
Explanation:
I just took the quiz
Which process of cell division allows for growth and repair of damaged tissue?
Answer:Mitosis is the the process of cell division that allows for growth and repair of damaged tissue.
Explanation:
Mitosis is the process of cell division that enables growth and repair of damaged tissue. It results in the production of identical daughter cells, assisting in tissue maintenance and healing.
Explanation:The process of cell division that allows for growth and repair of damaged tissue is called mitosis. Mitosis involves a single cell dividing to produce two identical, daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This is crucial for body tissue growth, maintenance, and repair. For instance, after a cut on the skin, cells surrounding the area undergo mitosis to replace the damaged ones and heal the wound. Therefore, mitosis is a pivotal process in an organism's life.
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When do new species develop
Answer:
When do new species develop?
New species develop after fertilization has occurred which brought about a new organism or specie callled a zygote. Such new species inherit traits from parents
Explanation:
Identify and explain four factors which assist gas exchange. (4 marks) The
first 1 is done for you.
The example is : The surface of the alveoli and the walls of the blood capillaries are only 1 cell thick which allows for rapid diffusion to take place.
PLZ HELP xxx
Answer:
The factors on which the gaseous exchange depends are:
Surface Area Of The Membrane: The larger the surface area of a membrane, the more will be the gaseous exchange. Hence, surface area is directly proportional to the rate of gaseous exchange.
Thickness of the membrane: The more thick the membrane will be, the lesser the amount of gases will be able to diffuse through it. Hence, gaseous exchange and thickness of a membrane are inversely proportional.
The Distance Of Diffusion: The distance across which air and blood have to travel to diffuse also determines the rate of gaseous exchange
With regard to metabolic reactions, what does it mean when someone says a molecule has been "reduced"
Example is conversion of NAD+ to NADH+ is an example of reduced in metabolism.
Explanation:
Oxidation and reduction or redox reaction means transfer of electron from one atom to another in a compound.
In photosynthesis and respiration redox reaction are seen.
The substance that gain the electrons in metabolic reaction is said to be reduced.
In respiration process oxygen is being reduced. The NAD+ accepts hydrogen ion and 2 e- to become NADH+H+. These are electron carriers.
The reactions can be seen in glycolysis, Kreb's cycle.
Chemical reactions please help
“Thank you, Ma’am” Identify 2 examples of indirect characterization for both Ms. Jones and Roger.
Answer: you and maam
Explanation:
it doesnt say the names
Answer:
option C, nothign to do here
Please solve this thank tou
Answer:
Option D
Explanation:
The chemical formula of epinephrine is [tex]C_{6} H_2(OH)_3C_3H_6NH[/tex] which contain
Carbon number=9
and Hydrogen number=12
To calculate this, we have to add the valency of the given element.
What is the name of the shaded part of the sound longitudinal wave shown? A) amplitude B) compression C) crest D) rarefaction
Answer:
B) compression
Explanation:
First of all, we must highlight that the question above refers to a sound wave. Sound waves are longitudinal waves, because they have the ability to propagate through the air, as the sound takes over the environment. This spread creates regions known as compression and rarefaction. The rarefaction presents a greater space between the movement of the wave, where the air can interfere, since the compression allows the sound waves to be closer together, with little air interference (we can see this in the figure above, in the shaded part where the waves are present very close to each other). Wave compression has the ability to propagate within solid materials, allowing a vibration to be created that is picked up by our ear.
Answer:
B) Compression
Which layer of the atmosphere is most strongly affected by conditions on Earth's surface?
A) Thermosphere
B) Troposphere
C) Stratosphere
D) Mesosphere
The Troposphere, extending up to 12 km above sea level and encompassing about 80% of the Earth's atmosphere, is directly influenced by Earth's surface conditions. This is because it generates weather events due to convection currents formed by the heated air rising from Earth's surface and cooler air descending, which equally affects the wind and cloud formations in this layer.
Explanation:The layer of the atmosphere most strongly affected by the conditions on the Earth's surface is the Troposphere, option B. The troposphere extends up to 12 km above sea level and contains nearly 80% of the Earth's atmosphere by mass. It is the layer where most weather events originate owing to the hot air rising from the Earth's surface and colder air descending. Hence, conditions on Earth's surface predominantly influence this layer of the atmosphere.
For example, the convection currents in the troposphere are directly impacted by the heating of the Earth's surface, generating wind and cloud formations. This dynamic nature of the troposphere is the reason for its direct susceptibility to the surface conditions of the Earth.
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The troposphere is the layer most strongly affected by conditions on Earth's surface. So option (b) is correct.
The troposphere is the layer of the Earth's atmosphere closest to its surface, extending from the surface up to about 10-15 kilometers (6-9 miles) high.
It is where weather occurs and where most of Earth's clouds and precipitation are found. The conditions in the troposphere, such as temperature, humidity, and air pressure, are directly influenced by conditions on Earth's surface.
For example, during the day, the surface heats up, causing air near the surface to warm and rise, leading to convection currents and the formation of clouds and storms. At night, the surface cools, causing the air to sink, which can result in calm and clear conditions.
Therefore, the troposphere is the layer most strongly affected by conditions on Earth's surface. Other layers like the stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere are less directly influenced by surface conditions.
Which is an example of a living thing?
O A) air
OB) fire
O C) fish
OD) water
Answer:
C fish
Explanation:
Fish are alive
Question 3 (3 points)
Choose the true answer(s) from the choices below that best describe electrical force.
Question 3 options:
A)
Electrical force is found between two charged objects.
B)
Electrical force is a contact force between two objects.
C)
Electrical force can be seen between objects with positive and negative charges.
D)
Electrical force strength depends on charge strength and object distance.
Answer:
The true answers are (A), (C) and (D).
Explanation:
Electric force is the type of force that exists between the charges. Two objects with positive and negative charges attract each other by the electric force between them. Like charges repel and unlike charges attract. The force result from interactions between two charges. In three charges, the electric force on a single charge is merely the result of the combined effects of each individual charge interaction of that charge with all other charges.match each characteristic to the type of protist it describes
Explanation:
PLANT-LIKE:
presence of flagella
shows absence of cell wall, though chloroplast may be present
ANIMAL-LIKE:
slime mold belongs in this category
absence of cell wall, as well as chloroplast
FUNGUS-LIKE:
feeds on decaying matter enclosed by a membrane called a pellicle.
What question did Hardy and Weinberg want to answer?
m
ASSA
ate
SON
RE
ES
O
A. Are all traits in plants controlled by genes?
O
. Is it possible to breed a plant to have certain traits?
O
C. How does allele frequency change between generations?
O
D. How large is the gene pool for a given organism?
SUBMIT
Answer:
The correct option is C) How does allele frequency change between generations?
Explanation:
Hardy and Weinberg brought forward the Hardy- Weinberg theorem or principle to explain that the allele frequencies in a population change due to certain evolutionary events. If these events do not take place, then the allele frequencies of a population will remain the same. Their theorem explains how evolutionary conditions such as mutations, genetic drift, natural selection cause the allele frequency to change in generations of a population. Hence, option C is correct.
In some situations, when two purple-flowered pea plants reproduce, the offspring can have purple or white flowers. When this experiment is run repeatedly, it is discovered that three-fourths of the offspring have purple flowers and one-fourth of the offspring have white flowers.
What would happen if this experiment were run only once?
The experiment would give the same results. The conclusion would not be changed from the original experiment.
The experiment would give a single white-flowered plant. The conclusion would be that tall plants always produce white-flowered plants.
The experiment would give a single purple-flowered plant. The conclusion would be that tall plants always produce purple-flowered plants.
The experiment would result in a plant with either purple or white flowers. The conclusion would depend on this single result and would not be accurate.
The experiment would give the same results. The conclusion would not be changed from the original experiment.
Explanation:
The alleles for the purple colour flower in Mendelian pea plant is Pp
This means this is a heterozygous dominant in nature.
Pp and Pp are the heterozygous plants with purple colour to be crossed.
Punnett square, F1 generation
P p
P PP Pp
p Pp pp
3 purple one white
ie 3/4 th purple and 1/4 white flower
Phenotypic ratio 3:1
genotype ratio 1:2:1
The phenotype ratio shows only one white flower in the first generation.
Answer:
The experiment would result in a plant with either purple or white flowers. The conclusion would depend on this single result and would not be accurate.
Describe how the lac operon functions and explain how it permits E. coli to produce the enzymes needed to break down lactose when it is present in the bacterium.
Answer:
An operon consists of a group of genes which are controlled by a single promoter.
The lac operon present in the E.coli comprises of genes for making proteins which breakdown lactose into glucose.
Normally, the lac operon will be turned of by a repressor when there is not enough lactose present.
When lactose is present in the cell, the operon is activated when lacl forms a bond with the promoter region due to its changes in the structure. This causes the process of transcription to occur.
please help fast!
The scientific method is the process that scientists use to find out new information. It involves a question, a hypothesis, a prediction, collecting data, and analyzing that data to make a conclusion. How would you use the scientific method to answer this question: Do pumpkins grow bigger when fed milk? (Use each of the steps of the scientific method in your answer.)
State one scientific question.
State one nonscientific question.
The calcium present in the milk acts as a fertilizer, for the growth of pumpkin size.
Explanation:
Scientific answer: Milk contains nutrients, minerals mainly calcium which are good for the growth of the plant as a fertilizer.
Milk gets readily absorbed by the roots due to the solubility of nutrients in milk.
The root hairs of the plant transport the calcium to the other parts like stem.
This will only help when all other factors of plant growth are present as sunlight, water other than fertilizer.
Non-scientific question:
The Hypothesis here is those pumpkin plant fed with milk are bigger on size.
Also injecting stems with milk would cause no good.
Pumpkin plants fed with milk and some plants fed with water are compared, we get the result that giant pumpkins are one that are fed with milk. This is statistical analysis.
To apply the scientific method to the question of pumpkin growth with milk, one would form a hypothesis based on research, conduct an experiment with controlled variables, collect and analyze data, then draw a conclusion. A scientific question could ask about the effect of milk's calcium on pumpkin growth, while a nonscientific question might inquire about taste preferences for such pumpkins.
Explanation:Applying the Scientific Method to Study Pumpkin GrowthUsing the scientific method to determine if pumpkins grow bigger when fed milk would involve several steps. First, an observation must be made, which in this case, might stem from the anecdotal evidence that soil enriched with milk could enhance plant growth. This leads to the question: "Do pumpkins grow bigger when fed with milk compared to water?" A thorough literature review should be conducted to see if previous research can inform the hypothesis.
Next, a hypothesis is formed, which is an educated guess based on the research. For example, the hypothesis could be "Pumpkins fed with milk will grow larger than those fed with water due to the additional nutrients found in milk." We then make a prediction that is testable through experimentation, such as "If pumpkins are fed milk over a growing season, they will gain more mass compared to those fed just water."
Sheep would then be cared for in a controlled way for a period of time, with one group receiving milk as a part of their feeding regimen and another group only receiving water. Data on pumpkin size, weight, and overall health could be collected throughout the growing period.
Once the data is collected, it is analyzed statistically to determine if there is a significant difference between the two groups. Finally, a conclusion is drawn, which either supports or refutes the hypothesis, leading to further questions and research in a cyclical pattern of scientific investigation.
A scientific question related to this experiment could be "Does the calcium content in milk contribute to the increased growth of pumpkins?" A nonscientific question could be "Do people prefer the taste of pumpkins that have been fed milk?" The former relates to measurable scientific phenomena while the latter relates to subjective personal preference.
2. The name given to energy stored in food is
A. glycolysis.
B. a matrix.
C. a calorie.
D. fermentation.
The name given to energy stored in food is called calorie.
Food is a biochemical substance known to supply energy for the body when ingested. Classes of food ingested include carbohydrate, protein, lipid etc. The chemical energy is stored in the bonds that hold the constituent molecules of the food together. Calorie is used to refer to the amount energy present in food molecules. The energy (calories) is broken down and assessed via the process of cellular respiration. Therefore, the name given to energy stored in food is called calorie.Learn more at: https://brainly.com/question/22374134?referrer=searchResults
In what structure is protein synthesized?
1
2
3
4
Answer:
Ribosomes 2
Explanation:
Answer:
2
Explanation:
got it right on my test.
. Individuals with the following two genotypes are crossed: Aa;Bb;Cc;Dd X AA;Bb;cc;Dd. Which of the following genotypes will be the rarest to observe among the progeny?
a. Aa;Bb;Cc;Dd
b. Aa;BB;Cc;Dd
c. AA;Bb;cc;DD
d. AA;BB;cc;dd
d) AA;BB;cc;dd genotypes will be rarest to observe among the progeny.
Explanation:
Let us cross the given alleles of the gene
Aa X AA Bb X Bb Cc X cc Dd X Dd
A a B b C c D d
A AA Aa B BB Bb c Cc cc D DD Dd
A AA Aa b Bb bb c Cc cc d Dd dd
From the above results of crosses, it can be concluded which of the genotypes is rarest among the progeny. The genotype ratios in:
In the first case it can be both as they are in the ratio of 2:2
In the second case 1:2:1
in the third case 2:2
in the fourth case 1:2:1
So least occurring genotypes are
AA;BB;cc;dd
AA;BB;cc;dd genotypes will be the rarest to observe among the progeny
d. AA;BB;cc;dd
Explanation:
AaBbCcDd X AABbccDd
Aa X AA - AA, AA, Aa, Aa - Genotypic ratio = 1:1
Bb X Bb - BB, Bb, Bb, bb - Genotypic ratio = 1:2:1
Cc X cc - Cc, Cc, cc, cc - Genotypic ratio = 1:1
Dd X Dd - DD, Dd, Dd, dd - Genotypic ratio = 1:2:1
We can see that the heterozygous combinations occur more in number.
Whereas, Homozygous recessive appears the least.
Therefore, the rarest to observe among the proge is AABBccdd as is has two recessive combination.
Do almonds (the nuts themselves) contain chloroplasts?
Does any part of the almond plant (including seedling) contain chloroplasts?
Is the almond plant classified as a gymnosperm? If not, what category would it fall under?
Explanation:
Yes , the almonds contain Chloroplasts.Chloroplasts are cell organelles that conduct photosynthesis.
The photosynthetic pigment known as chlorophyll present in chloroplast captures the energy from sunlight.
and convert it into ATP and NADPH and free oxygen from water in plants.
The green leaves of the almond tree contains Chloroplasts.No, the almond plant is not classified as a Gymnosperm.Almonds come under the category of Angiosperm.
Angiosperms, are flowering plants.
They contains seeds that are enclosed within an ovary which is usually a fruit.
What are the three parts of a carpel in a flower?
stigma style ovary
ok make me brainest
Answer:
Stigma, style, and ovary
Explanation:
These are the 3 components of a carpel!
-I took the course :)
How do you capture energy from the moon?
Answer:
Twice a day, variations in the Moon's gravitational pull interact with the Earth's gravity and rotation to make tides rise and fall along coastlines and near the mouths of rivers. The kinetic energy in the moving water can be captures and converted into a usable form of energy and water flows through turbines.
Explanation:
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What are 2 things you find on a phylogenic tree? Thank you
Phylogenetic tree enriches our understanding of how genes, genomes, species (and molecular sequences more generally) evolve.
Explanation:
A phylogeny, or developmental tree, speaks to the transformative connections among a lot of life forms or gatherings of living beings, called taxa (particular: taxon). A phylogenetic tree can help follow an animal groups back through transformative history, down the parts of the tree, and find their normal family en route.
The foundation of a phylogenetic tree shows that a tribal heredity offered ascend to all life forms on the tree. A branch point demonstrates were two genealogies separated. A genealogy that advanced early and stays unbranched is a basal taxon. At the point when two heredities come from a similar branch point, they are sister taxa.