Answer:
Congestive heart failure occurs when the heart cannot distribute enough blood throughout the body to reach the major organs, causing the tissues to swell with fluid.
Explanation:
The χ² value means nothing on its own--it is used to find the probability that, assuming the hypothesis is true, the observed data set could have resulted from random fluctuations. A low probability suggests the observed data is not consistent with the hypothesis, and thus the hypothesis should be rejected.
What is the hypothesis that you are testing?
a. The two genes are unlinked and are assorting independently, leading to a 1:1:1:1 ratio of phenotypes in the offspring.
b. The two genes are unlinked and are assorting independently, leading to a 1:1:0:0 ratio of phenotypes in the offspring.
c. The two genes are linked and are assorting together, leading to a 1:1:1:1 ratio of phenotypes in the offspring.
d. The two genes are linked and are assorting together, leading to a ratio of phenotypes in the offspring that deviates significantly from 1:1:1:1.
Explanation:
The two genes are linked and are assorting together, leading to a ratio of phenotypes in the offspring that deviates significantly from 1:1:1:1.
Chi-squared test is a standard statistical study that is used to study the distribution of certain gene properties within a given population.
Chi-squared analysis help us to see and prove the degree of deviation of an observed phenomena from a theoretical assumption.
What is the term used for the phase when the cell divides
Final answer:
The phase when the cell divides is called the mitotic phase, which is part of the cell cycle and includes the processes of mitosis and cytokinesis resulting in the formation of two daughter cells.
Explanation:
The term used for the phase when the cell divides is the mitotic phase. This phase is a multistep process that includes both mitosis and cytokinesis. Mitosis is the part of the cell cycle where the duplicated chromosomes are aligned, separated, and moved to opposite poles of the cell, enabling nuclear division. Subsequently, cytokinesis completes the cell division process by physically separating the cytoplasmic components into two distinct daughter cells, each with an identical set of chromosomes.
The cell cycle consists of two general phases: interphase and the mitotic phase. Interphase is the period during which the cell grows, repairs itself, and replicates its DNA, preparing for mitosis. Interphase accounts for the majority of the cell's life cycle.
Which of the following statements is false?Algae are used to make many commercial products, like marshmallows and paint.Algae can be used as fertilizer.Algae can be used to make a polishing substance.Algae contributes to the phosphorus cycle.
Answer:Algae contributes to the phosphorus cycle
Explanation:Algae are organisms which have distinct chlorophyll and are autotrophic in nature .Most of them live in water.Algae include the Unicellular chlamydomanas and the multicellular sea weed.some algae are colonial and some are filamentuous.Algae possess chlorophyll, carotenoids and phycobillins as pigments.
Algae are important primary producers in the water bodies and produces a significant portion of oxygen.
Some algae eg diatoms are fossilized due to their glass cell wall and are known as diatomaceous earth, which has various uses such as abrasives,tooth paste and as filters.
Red algae produces calcium carbonate which forms coral reefs.
The products of some algae are used as solid gels and source of agar for microorganism culture.
This is any functional structure within the confines of a cell; literally a. Small organ; it usually has a membrane-based structure
Answer:
The correct answer is cell organelles.
Explanation:
A unique membrane-bound composition, which is found inside the eukaryotic cell's cytoplasm, that is, in plants and animal cells is termed as cell organelle. Some of the examples of cell organelles found within the cells of eukaryotes are endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, mitochondria, chloroplast, etc.
All these organelles play an essential function for the proper functioning of the cell, like chloroplasts found in plants play an essential role in the process of photosynthesis, and mitochondria both in plants and animals are regarded as the powerhouse of the cell.
Answer: Organelles
Explanation:
The organelles are the small functional structure found inside the cell. The cells contains many organelles like mitochondria, chloroplast, lysosomes, nucleus and many more.
The organelles are the main functional unit of the cell which performs various types of functions.
The mitochondria of the cell is the power house of the cell, Golgi body helps in the synthesis and sorting of the proteins.
It is the organelles in the cell that performs various functions and makes it possible for the cell to live independently.
________ sweat glands are widely distributed across the body surface, ________ glands are located wherever hair follicles exist, and ________ sweat glands are found only in a few areas.
Answer:
merocrine, sebaceous, and apocrineExplanation:
Merocrine: merocrine sweat glands are widely distributed across the body surface,
Sebaceous glands are located where hair follicles have existed,
apocrine sweat glands are found only in a few areas like axilla. Apocrine -are restricted to specific areas like the axilla, nipple of the breast, pubic region and around the anus area etc.
Resistance in the blood vessels is primarily controlled by altering
Viruses can vary with respect to all of the following characteristics except _____. the type of host cell it can infect DNA or RNA as the genetic material single- or double-stranded nucleic acids the presence or absence of a membranous envelope the presence or absence of metabolic machinery
Answer:
the presence or absence of metabolic machinery
Explanation:
Here is the correct question:.
Viruses can vary with respect to all of the following characteristics except _____.
a) DNA or RNA as the genetic material
b) the presence or absence of metabolic machinery
c) single- or double-stranded nucleic acids
d) the presence or absence of a membranous envelope
e) the type of host cell it can infect
the presence or absence of metabolic machinery
Name the lymphatic capillary found in an intestinal villus
Answer:
Lacteal is a lymphatic capillary that is found in an intestinal villus.
Explanation:
Lacteal is a type of lympathic capillary and the main function of the structure is to absorb fats that are in the intestinal villi.
The triglycerides which are hydrolyzed by lipase enzyme passes from the lumen of intestine into the enterocytes and re esterified and forms triglycerides.
Lacteal is a part of lymphatic capillary which absorbs and transport those materials that are directly enter through blood stream.
A lacteal is the lymphatic capillary that is found in an intestinal villus. It is vital for the absorption and transport of dietary fats and lipid-soluble vitamins from the intestine to the bloodstream.
Explanation:The lymphatic capillary that is found in an intestinal villus is known as a lacteal. Lacteals play a critical role in the digestive system, most notably in the absorption and transport of dietary lipids (fats) and lipid-soluble vitamins. Within an intestinal villus, which is one of many small, hairlike projections on the lining of the small intestine, the lacteal, and a capillary bed composed of one arteriole and one venule, are present.
The breakdown products of carbohydrates and proteins, such as sugars and amino acids, can enter the bloodstream directly. However, lipid breakdown products are absorbed by the lacteals and are then transported to the bloodstream via the lymphatic system, demonstrating the uniqueness and importance of lacteals in nutrient absorption and transport.
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Maturation is defined as the __________.a. physical growth and development of the body, brain, and nervous system. b. organism's ability to adapt to changing condtions. c. sum of all the external conditions affecting development. d. transmission of physical and psychological characteristics from parent to offspring.
Final answer:
Maturation is the physical growth and development of the body, brain, and nervous system, marking key stages such as puberty where individuals become capable of reproduction. It's a component of lifespan development, which studies the changes from conception to death, and is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.
Explanation:
Maturation is defined as the physical growth and development of the body, brain, and nervous system. This process encompasses the changes and growth that a person goes through, often highlighted during puberty when sexual organs mature and individuals become capable of reproduction. Maturation is an intrinsic development sequence guided by genetic factors but can be influenced by environmental factors as well. It is crucial in the context of lifespan development, which studies how individuals grow and change from conception to death. The nature versus nurture controversy further explores how both genetic predispositions (nature) and environmental influences (nurture) guide this growth and development, affecting traits such as personality, intelligence, and physical characteristics in complex ways. Understanding maturation and its role in human development provides insights into the comprehensive process of becoming mature, encompassing physical, cognitive, and psychosocial growth.
Starting around the onset of puberty, the strength per kilogram body mass in boys ________________ and strength per kilogram body mass in girls _______________.
Explanation:
Puberty is the period during which developing young men or young ladies experience the procedure of sexual development. Adolescence includes a progression of physical stages or steps that lead to the accomplishment of fertility and the advancement of the secondary sex characteristics, the physical highlights related with grown-up guys and females, (for example, the development of pubic hair). While adolescence includes a progression of natural or physical changes, the procedure can likewise affect the psychosocial and enthusiastic improvement of the youthful.Global warming has been hypothesized to cause many plants to flower earlier. If bees search for food earlier in response to this, this would represent ________ within the community.
Coevolution
Explanation:
Coevolution is the phenomena in which two interacting species evolve under the influence of each other.
Global warming caused a drastic rise in temperature. The temperature condition during the original flowering season became higher than the optimum flowering temperature. So, the flowering plants began to flower earlier.
This created a food crisis for bees who were adapted to collect food during the flowering season. However, they evolved along with the flowering plants and started searching food earlier.
So we can say that evolution of flowering plant caused the evolution of bees.So it is a coevolution.
The complex mixture of polymers coating the spore that protects the spore from dessication and UV radiation is:
Answer:
Sporopollenin
Explanation:
Sporopollenin is a biological polymer that is highly cross linked and made up of oxygen, hydrogen and carbon. It is referred to a chemically inert biopolymer because of its toughness and stability in rocks that have been in existence for over 500 million years. In other words, sporopollenin is chemically stable.
It is an important component of the outer layer or coating of pollen grains and plant spores. This protects spores from UV radiation and dessication.
Which group represents the greatest number of new HIV cases in sub-Saharan Africa?
Answer is YOUNG WOMEN
Among the populations of Sub-Saharan Africa, women and girls represents the group which has the greatest number of new HIV cases than others, this is because of discrimination.
What is HIV?
HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, it is a virus which attacks the immune system. The immune system is responsible for fighting against infections and diseases in a person's body. Over time, HIV weakens a person's immune system which makes it very hard for fighting this disease. HIV is responsible for causing AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome).
Among the population, women and girls carry the greatest HIV burden in the sub-Saharan Africa. Gender inequality and discrimination is responsible for robbing women and girls of their fundamental human rights, including the right to education, health and economic opportunities.
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Relationship between bronchioles alveoli and blood vessels
Answer alveoli and blood vessels The respiratory bronchioles have single alveoli off their walls. ... The respiratory bronchioles lead into alveolar ducts, (which are surrounded by smooth muscle, elastin and collagen), which lead into the alveolar sacs. These have several alveoli, surrounded by blood vessels - from the pulmonary system.
Explanation:
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Mammals like caribou that live in the arctic often have different lipids in the cells of their legs compared to the cells of their internal organs. Their legs get colder than their internal organs, which stay warmer. Indicate true or false which of the following adaptations you would expect to find in the lipids found in the cells of the legs of a caribou?
A. The lipids would be more saturated.
B. The fatty acyl tails of the phospholipids would be shorter.
C. The membranes would contain more cholesterol
Answer:
Mitochondria is the powerhouse of a cell
Explanation:
Oxytocin causes contractions during pregnancy, it also is the reason why mothers feel "motherly" towards their children after childbirth as there are high levels on oxytocin in the mother's blood.
The cells of caribou legs are not likely to have more saturated lipids, as it could impede their function in chillier temperatures. However, they may have shorter fatty acyl tails for more flexibility, and more cholesterol to fluidize the membrane.
Explanation:In polar environments such as the arctic, animals such as the caribou have adapted to the cold temperatures. One of these adaptations pertains to their cellular lipids.
A. It would be false to expect the lipids to be more saturated. Saturated lipids are packed tightly and are more rigid, which can solidify at chillier temperatures and impede cell function.
B. True, the fatty acyl tails of the phospholipids would more likely be shorter. Shorter fatty acyl tails have fewer interactions with each other, which allows for more flexibility in cold temperatures.
C. True, you would expect the membranes to contain more cholesterol. Cholesterol functions to fluidize the membrane and prevent it from becoming too stiff in low temperatures.
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Neutrophils engulf microbes by phagocytosis to fight an infection. Normally, they perform this function for some time but then die off. These dead cells and other foreign materials form pus. What cells then clean up all the dead neutrophils?
Answer:
Macrophages engulf the dead neutrophils and the process is known as Phagocytosis.
Explanation:
Neutrophills are white blood cell that are produced by bone marrow which is released into the blood stream and they have short life span as they die in 1 day.These neutrophills along with other WBC are engulfed by macrophages which are also freely moving on the blood stream.
These mature macrophage plays a crucial role as it locates the foreign body and eat them.
They use the process of phagocytosis and engulf the unwanted particles.
When the macrophages engulf the particle,phagosome is formed which is a pocket like structure then lysosome release enzymes that digest the particles.
In late adults, the amount of air left in the lungs after expiration of the maximum amount of air:
a.) remains unchanged because the lungs have become accustomed to years of breathing pollution.
b.) decrease, resulting in widespread collapsing of the alveoli and impaired diffusion of gases.
c.) increases, which hampers diffusion of gases because of stagnant air that remains in the alveoli
d.) decreases, which increases diffusion in the lungs and causes an accumulation of carbon dioxide.
Answer:
C.) Increases, which hampers diffusion of gases because of the stagnant air that remains in the alveoli.
Explanation:
Lungs capacity drops by 40% between ages of 20 and 80, even without disease, but can be improved with diaphragm strengthening exercises.Changes experienced in the respiratory system include and overall decrease is vital capacity,which means less air inspired and expired as well.
In addition, older adults loose elasticity in their lungs as the age, making lungs less flexible and further imparing the ability to effectively inhale and exhale.
Hence, option C) Increases, which hampers diffusion of gases because of the stagnant air that remains in the alveoli. is the right answer.
Insulin is a protein that is produced by pancreatic cells and secreted into the bloodstream. Which of the following options correctly lists the order of the structures through which insulin passes from its production to its exit from the cell?
The question can be answered on the basis of general transport of proteins.
Answer:
The endomembrane system is present in the eukaryotes that includes the cell organelle that divides them into the structural and functional unit of the cell. This helps in the protein sorting and its transport.
The insulin is the hormone that made of the alpha and beta peptide through the disulfide linkage. The protein must enter in the rough endo plasmic reticulum for the signal recognition and modification of protein. Then the protein moves into the golgi through the vesicles and finally into the endocytosis through the cell membrane.
Two birds who are identical twins (i.e., have exactly the same genotype), are raised in different zoos. One of them has a red crest as an adult and the other has a yellow crest. What is the most likely conclusion you can draw regarding the heritability of crest color?
Answer: The crest color was determined by the environment
Explanation:
Identical twin birds having the same genotype shows that the genetic material is same in the cells of both. However, the difference in crest color is based on each bird adaptation to its environment
Thus, environment, just as genotype imparts the traits of an organism.
You are analyzing the transmembrane proteins in cells from a developing mouse embryo and find that there are many integrins in the membrane and also in the cytoplasm. How would you explain their presence in the cytoplasm, given what you know about the roles of integrins
Explanation:
integrins are recycled through the cytoplasm after serving to transport developing cells in the embryo Integrins are the major and best-described trans-film receptors that intercede dynamic communications between the extracellular framework and the actin cytoskeleton during cell motility. Integrins are αβ heterodimers with a huge extracellular area that ties the extracellular framework (ECM) and connections to the actin cytoskeleton through a short cytoplasmic tail Restricting explicitness is dictated by the extracellular area of integrins that perceive different network ligands including fibronectin (e.g., α5β1, αvβ3, α4β1), collagen (e.g., α1β1, α2β1), and laminin (e.g., α2β1, α3β1, α6β1). Cell surface receptors including the Ig superfamily individuals ICAM-1 (αLβ2, αMβ2) or VCAM-1 (α4β1) are likewise perceived by integrinsAll in all, integrins tie to explicit themes inside the lattice protein; for instance, nine diverse integrins can tie to fibronectin and acknowledgment is generally through the focal cell- binding domain (Arg-Gly-Asp [RGD] theme)Phylogenetic trees constructed from evidence from molecular systematics are based on similarities in _____.
Answer:
mutations to homologous genetic loci
Explanation:
Phylogenetic tree, which is a diagrammatic representation of evolutionary relationship among organisms, can be constructed from evidence from molecular systematic with regard to the similarities in the mutations to homologous genes.
Homologous genes are genes that are inherited by two species from a common ancestor having similar DNA sequence. An example of homologous gene is Orthologous gene, which is said to have be brought about by speciation.
In order to distinguish the DNA of one person from another, scientists often rely on the presence of short tandem repeats (STRs). These consist of short DNA sequences that are repeated many times in a row. Why are STRs useful for identification
Answer:
STR can be defined as the short tandem repeats which is generally different in people.
It is unique to the person and have a very slow rate of mutation and because of this property these fragments are stable and predictable.
They have a higher power of discrimination and is highly used in the identification of the human beings. It is used on a regular basis in case of forensic science, for the identification of victims, missing person and other criminal cases.
The foramen ovale..... A is a condition in which the heart valves do not completely close B is a shallow depression in the interventricular septum C connected the two atria in the fetal heart D is a connection between the pulmonary trunk and the aorta in the fetus
Answer:C. connects the two atria in the fetal heart
Explanation: The foremen ovale makes it possible for blood to go from the vein to the right side of fetus heart,and then to the left side of the heart. Before a baby is born,the baby gets blood rich in oxygen from the mothers placenta,and its delivered through the umbilical cord, because the baby can not use its lungs to get blood.
During a nuclear reaction, an isotope of a certain atom gives off a particle consisting of two protons and two neutrons, and the atom becomes a different element. Which type of radioactive decay has occurred?
Answer:
Type of radioactive decay which has occurred is an alpha decay.
Explanation:
Type of radioactive decays:
Alpha decay is defined as the decay process in which alpha particle is released. In this process, a heavier nuclei decays into a lighter nuclei. The alpha particle released carries a charge of +2 units and a mass of 4 units.Beta decay is defined as the process in which beta particle is emitted. In this process, a neutron gets converted to a proton and an electron. The released beta particle is also known as electron.Gamma decay In this process, an unstable nuclei releases excess energy by a spontaneous electromagnetic process and gamma -radiations are emitted. These radiations does not carry any charge and are electrically neutral.The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources has introduced regulations that require the use of approved firewood in state parks, state forests and wildlife management areas. There is specific approved firewood for each area which can't be used in other protected areas. What is the most likely reason for these restrictions? A) To clear excess wood from trees that have fallen or been removed in the parks. B) To avoid the introduction or spread of insects or disease that damage native trees. C) To generate revenue for the department by restricting the sale of firewood by outside vendors. D) To eliminate the use of highly flammable firewood that might lead to uncontrolled forest fires.
Answer:
The correct answer is option B) "To avoid the introduction or spread of insects or disease that damage native trees".
Explanation:
The regulations introduced by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources include the proper handling of firewood, which prohibits the use of firewood from one protected area into other protected areas. The reason behind this regulation is to avoid the introduction or spread of insects or disease that damage native trees. Each tree in each protected location is adapted to its local fauna. Serious environmental damage could arise from introducing insects from a protected area to another by improper handling of firewood.
Which of the following describes the embryonic period? Group of answer choices The period during which the zygote moves down to the uterus and begins to implant in the lining The period during which the umbilical cord develops The period during which the major organs and structures of the organism first develop The period during which tremendous growth occurs and the organs continue to develop and become functional
Answer:
The period during which the major organs and structures of the organism first develop.
Explanation:
Germinal stage:
Germinal stage term is used for first two weeks of gestation after conception.
Embryonic period:
Embryonic period is considered from third week to the eighth week after conception.
Fetal period:
From ninth week until birth stage is known as fetal period.
Now, the embryonic period of gestation starts after germinal stage and during this phase the major organs and structures are formed within the growing mammal.
Answer:
Option- The period during which the umbilical cord develops.The period during which the major organs and structures of the organism first develop.Explanation:
As, the development of an offspring is comprised of the different process and developments that occurs for having a more developed form of body system for the living beings that is yet to be delivered however, we can term the embryonic stage as the time for the offspring when the organs are initialized to be developed in the further stages of the fetus development. While, the umbilical cord is developed during the stage, which is required for having a very easy passage between the placenta and the offspring's mother body.According to the _____ theory, when a physiological need, such as hunger, creates an aroused tension state, it drives the organism to reduce the need.
Answer:
the drive-reduction theory
Explanation:
The drive-reduction theory is one of the theories of motivation.
This theory contains the idea that a physiological need creates a drive, which in turn motivates an organism to satisy their need.
The theory targets homeostasis or biological balance.
When there is a need such as lack of water, the need would cause a drive to be developed (thirst).
The drive would activate a response (search for water to drink).
The response is then terminated when the need has been satisfied.
According to the drive theory of motivation, physiological needs lead to psychological drive states that motivate behaviors to restore homeostasis, with such behaviors potentially becoming habitual.
Explanation:According to the drive theory of motivation, when an individual experiences a physiological need such as hunger, it creates a tension state that acts as a drive which in turn motivates the organism to engage in behaviors to reduce the need. This process is aimed at restoring the body's homeostasis. For example, when you are hungry, your blood sugar levels drop, leading to the physiological need to eat. This need then creates a hunger drive that motivates you to seek food, thus eliminating the hunger and bringing your blood sugar levels back to normal. The drive theory also emphasizes that once a behavior has successfully reduced a drive, that behavior becomes a habit which the organism is more likely to perform in the future when faced with the same drive.
In the combined processes of glycolysis and cellular respiration is produces
Answer:
Glucose is consumed, and carbon dioxide is produced.
Explanation:
The carbon in glucose is oxidized to carbon dioxide during cellular respiration.
What theoretical perspective views society as having a system of interdependent inherently connected parts?
Answer:
Functionalism
Explanation:
Functionalism is the theoretical perspective in sociology, posits that for stability and social order to be established in a society, all social institutions that make up the society, must work interdependently to contribute to the functionality of the society. Social institutions in a society include, the government, family, economy, religion, media,education.
For example, for most societies that seem relatively stable, the family pay taxes to the government, the government as an institution rely on these taxes to provide education for the children of the family in that society. All parts of this society are interdependently inherently connected.
The theoretical perspective that views society as an interconnected system of interdependent parts is known as Functionalism or the Structural-Functional theory. Originating from the writings of Herbert Spencer, this perspective likens society to a human body, with every part serving a purpose and contributing to the overall function and stability of society.
Explanation:The theoretical perspective that views society as a system of interdependent, inherently connected parts is called Functionalism or the Structural-Functional theory. This perspective emerged from the writings of Herbert Spencer, an English philosopher and biologist, who likened society to the human body - just as the various organs of the body function collaboratively to keep it running, so too do the different parts of society, such as government, education, family, religion, and economy, work together to keep the society operating smoothly.
Central to this outlook is the understanding of society as something greater than just the sum of its constituent parts. A core tenet of Functionalism is that each part of society, no matter how seemingly insignificant, serves a purpose and contributes towards societal stability and continuity. For instance, a functionalist might investigate why global inequality exists, positing that it serves certain social purposes, or explore how social change in one area of a society (like the shift towards cocoa farming in Ghana) can irrevocably impact other areas (like gender relations).
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The _______________ attempts to identify the "best" location for a single warehouse, store, or plant, given multiple demand points that differ in location and importance.
Answer:
weighted center of gravity method
Explanation:
The Center of Gravity Method is an approach that seeks to compute geographic coordinates for a potential single new facility that will minimize costs
The Center of Gravity method in supply chain management identifies the best location for a warehouse, store, or plant, given multiple demand points that differ in location and importance. It is an approach to minimizing transportation costs by considering demand and distances from demand points, effectively identifying an optimal 'center of gravity'.
Explanation:The process the question refers to is known as the Center of Gravity method in supply chain management. This method tries to find the optimal location for a facility such as a warehouse, store, or plant. It takes into consideration the locations of multiple demand points and their respective importance or weightage. In simpler terms, it is a geographical strategy used to minimize transportation costs, taking into account demand intensity and distances from demand points.
Steps involved in the Center of Gravity Method:Assign a coordinate system to the map of the region where the demand points are located.Identify the weight (importance) of each demand point based on its relative contribution to total demand.Compute the weighted average of the x and y coordinates to determine the 'center of gravity'.The 'center of gravity' is considered the optimal location for the single warehouse or plant.By implementing the Center of Gravity method, businesses can make efficient utilization of their resources, enhance customer satisfaction levels and improve their overall operational efficiency.
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