In the Arctic Ocean, there are very few large aquatic plants. Which of the following best explains why?
How does precipitation in a temperate forest compare, in general, to that in a tropical rainforest?

a. Currents are too strong for plants to survive.
b. Plants are unable to attach to the deep sea floor.
c. Plants have a difficult time surviving due to long periods of darkness.
d. Sea ice increases the salinity of the water to a level not suitable for plants. ...?

Answer:

The answer is A.) Upward growth affects less land area than outward growth.

Explanation:

The word 'thermal' in 'thermal underwear' refers to clothing that retains body heat, providing insulation and keeping the body warm in cold conditions. It is connected to the concept of thermal energy and the transfer of heat.

In the sentence, 'All boys coming on the school camping trip need to bring a pair of long thermal underwear because it is going to be very cold this weekend,' the word 'thermal' refers to clothing that is specially designed to retain body heat. Thermal underwear is made from fabrics that provide insulation, which helps to keep the body warm by trapping heat close to the skin. This type of clothing is particularly useful in cold environments where maintaining body heat is essential for comfort and prevention of hypothermia. The term 'thermal' relates to heat and comes from the concept of thermal energy, which is the energy that comes from the kinetic energy of particles within a material.

When we talk about thermal contact, it means that two objects are in such a relationship that they can transfer energy through heat. Similarly, when we say something is 'thermal-ized,' we mean that energy has been transferred into heat, or into the random kinetic energy of particles. In summary, 'thermal' in the given context is used to describe underwear that provides warmth and insulation against cold temperatures.

Answer:

D. both (A) and (C)

Explanation:

Lichen is an organism formed from the symbiotic association between non photosynthetic fungi and photosynthetic algae or bacteria.

The algae provides food (through photosynthesis)  to the fungi while the fungi in return absorbs water and other materials that the algae need to carryout photosynthesis.

The correct option is D.

Final answer:

Quartz breaks with a fracture, leading to irregular and uneven surfaces, unlike cleavage which results in smooth and flat surfaces.

Explanation:

The photo examination of Quartz should highlight that Quartz breaks with a fracture. This indicates an irregular breakage pattern, which usually occurs along mineral planes without any weak atomic bonds, resulting in non-flat surfaces. Unlike cleavage, which produces smooth, flat, and often parallel surfaces as a result of weaker atomic bonds in the crystal lattice, fracture surfaces are uneven and irregular because the bonds across these surfaces are of relatively equal strength.

Understanding the fracture patterns of minerals like Quartz is crucial for mineral identification and geological analysis. By distinguishing between fracture and cleavage, geologists can interpret the structural properties and formation history of mineral samples with greater accuracy, aiding in various scientific investigations and practical applications.

If the temperature rise and the precipitation the vast grasslands called prairies will start to lose their initial appearance and characteristics and because of the higher temperature, humidity and rainfall trees will start to grow as well as bushes. Over time (depending on how quickly the change will appear) the prairie will be replaced by vast rainforests and the prairie ecosystem will be totally replaced by a tropical rainforest ecosystem similar to the southern half of central america.

The energy stored in food is used to produce ATP, which is the primary energy source for most cellular processes in living organisms, and the food is broken down into its constituent molecules through the process of digestion.

Cellular respiration is a series of chemical reactions that occur in the presence of oxygen, called "aerobic respiration," or in the absence of oxygen, called "anaerobic respiration," in aerobic respiration, glucose(food) is broken down into carbon dioxide and water in a series of reactions that involve the transfer of electrons from glucose(food) to oxygen and that make ATP through a process called "oxidative phosphorylation."

Hence, the energy stored in food is used to produce ATP, which is the primary energy source for most cellular processes in living organisms.

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Answer:

Carrying capacity determines maximum population size.

Answer:

  The average time of pregnancy is 268 days (38 weeks and two days) from ovulation, with a standard deviation of 10 days or a coefficient of variation of 3.7%. Gestational age is calculated from the first day of the woman's last normal menstrual cycle.

  However, only 5% of births occur on the expected date of delivery and at the age of 40 weeks of gestation. 50% of births occur one week before or one week after the expected date. 80% occurs between two weeks before or after

Final answer:

Taxonomy, involving the classification and naming of organisms, utilizes morphologic and genetic evidence to elucidate the evolutionary relationships among species. Systematics and taxonomy aim to map the evolutionary pathways of life on Earth, represented in phylogenetic trees, underscoring shared origins. The taxonomic system, notably binomial nomenclature and the division into three domains, facilitates the study of life's vast diversity.

Explanation:

Understanding Taxonomy and Its Importance

Taxonomy is the science of classifying organisms into a systematically organized framework based on their shared characteristics and evolutionary relationships. This classification is vital as it helps scientists to organize the vast diversity of life on Earth, making it easier to study and understand how organisms are related to each other. The taxonomic classification system comprises different levels, including domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.

Key Components and Evidence in Taxonomy

The two main types of evidence used in taxonomy and determining evolutionary relationships are morphologic evidence (related to the form and function of organisms) and genetic evidence. Together, these types of evidence enable scientists to construct phylogenetic trees, which illustrate the evolutionary pathways of life on Earth. The concept of binomial nomenclature, introduced by Carl Linnaeus, is also crucial in taxonomy, providing a standardized method for naming organisms with a two-part Latin name that signifies their genus and species.

Systematics and taxonomy are deeply intertwined with phylogeny, as they all aim to understand the evolutionary relationships among organisms. This understanding is further visualized through phylogenetic trees, which not only display these relationships but also hint at the evolutionary history and common ancestors of different organisms. The tree of life concept, with a single common ancestor branching out into the diversity seen today, emphasizes the shared origins of all life forms.

Importance of the Domains of Life

The classification into three domains of life—Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya—underscores the fundamental distinctions at the highest level of organization. This division reflects key evolutionary milestones and relationships among all living organisms.

The sequence represents this gene after the mutation is ATTCACATTCA. The correct option is C.

A mutation in the basic biology is an adjustment to the nucleic acid sequence of an organism's, virus's, or any other extrachromosomal DNA. DNA or RNA can be found in the viral genome.

Errors in DNA replication at the time of cell division, exposure to mutagens, or viral infection can all cause mutations.

Somatic mutations which happen in body cells cannot be passed on to offspring, whereas germline mutations which happen in eggs and sperm can.

The new sequence may be: ATTCACATTCA if we assume that the duplication is the consequence of a minor insertion mutation that happened in one of the original copies.

Thus, the correct option is C.

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In what year was On the Origin of Species published?

the answer is D

Answer: The option that is not true is D) Each amino acid is specified by only one codon.

Codon can be defined as the sequence of three nucleotides ( present in DNA or mRNA) that corresponds to a particular amino acid. It helps in the process of translation as different amino acids ( that are linked to codons) are assembled to give a particular protein according to the sequence of codon.

There are 64 codons and 20 amino acids that make up the proteins present in the living systems. This indicates that several different codons can correspond to the same amino acid.

For instance, amino acid Valine is coded by four codons that is GUC, GUG, GUA, GUU.

Thus, option D) is incorrect.

Answer: Volcano eruption is correct answer.

Explanation:

Volcano eruption occurs when hot materials get thrown out from the interior of earth's surface.

When there is volcanic eruption , it emit so many gases as follows:

Water vapour

Carbon dioxide

Sulfur dioxide

Some elements are two produced by volcano are :

Sulfur

Bromine

Boron

Chlorine

which get into oceans.

Hence, volcano eruption is correct answer.

Answer:

The correct answer will be option A.

Explanation:

A scientific theory is a well-substantiated idea and opinion which explains the natural phenomenon. For a theory to be a scientific theory has to be:

1. well supported by the observations and experiments.

2. supported by repeated experiments and hypothesis.

Since in the question the scientific theory was proposed by more than one scientists who performed many experiments after Dalton who proposed the atomic theory. These scientists modified and revised the theory with their discoveries like JJ Thompson discovered electrons, Ernst Rutherford discovered protons and James Chadwick who discovered neutrons.

Thus, option A is the correct answer.

Answer:

Genetic engineering refers to a process, which permits the alteration of the structure of the genes. It is a deliberate change that takes place via the direct change of the genetic substance of an organism. In the process, DNA is either eliminated or supplemented to generate one or more novel traits, which were not witnessed in that organism before.  

Genetic engineering is here to make a change. Some of these modifications are positive, that is, developing healthier foods. However, some of these changes can be negative and unanticipated. Generating a plant more tolerant to drought may also make that plant less tolerant of straightforward sunlight. Animals can be modified to generate more amount of milk, however, they exhibit a reduced lifespan at a similar time, thus, and farmers can suffer greater livestock.  

Genetic engineering, though promising, has significant disadvantages. These include unpredictable side effects, potential exacerbation of societal inequality, and the risk of reduced genetic diversity.

One major disadvantage of using genetic engineering is the potential risk of unpredicted side effects. Though genetic engineering can provide many benefits such as modified crops or improved disease resistance, manipulating the DNA of an organism can have unforeseen and potentially harmful consequences in the long run. These effects could impair the genetically modified organism, or spread to the surrounding ecosystem, causing ecological imbalance.

Another disadvantage is that genetic engineering could perpetuate inequality. The application of genetic engineering in human beings could lead to a situation where those who can afford it will have access to genetic modifications for improved health, longevity, or even physical or intellectual enhancements. Those who cannot afford such modifications could be left behind, widening already-existing gaps in society

Lastly, genetic engineering runs the risk of reducing genetic diversity. By preferring certain traits and engineering them into organisms, we risk creating a population with similar genetic traits, which might decrease its evolutionary potential and thereby its long-term survival chances.

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Along the ocean floor

A labeled carbon atom begins in a molecule of carbon dioxide, gets incorporated into glucose during photosynthesis, and then is released back into the atmosphere as a new carbon dioxide molecule during cellular respiration. This demonstrates the carbon atom's vital role in the carbon cycle, highlighting the interrelated nature of photosynthesis and respiration in energy transfer within ecosystems.

Trace the Path of a Carbon Atom through Photosynthesis and Respiration-

The journey of a carbon atom starts in a molecule of carbon dioxide during the process of photosynthesis. In this process, plants capture solar energy and use it to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose, releasing oxygen as a byproduct. Our carbon atom becomes part of a glucose molecule, specifically stored in the covalent bonds that will later be broken during cellular respiration.

During cellular respiration, the carbon atom is released from glucose as part of a carbon dioxide molecule, which is then expelled from the organism. It is interesting to note that the covalent bonds formed during photosynthesis can be incredibly long-lasting and stable. The energy released during cellular respiration is partly used to create ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the energy currency of cells.

Finally, the carbon atom finds itself back in the atmosphere as part of a new carbon dioxide molecule, ready to be used again in the ongoing cycle of photosynthesis and respiration by plants and other living organisms. This illustrates the significant role of these two processes in the carbon cycle, ensuring the transfer and transformation of energy through ecosystems.

The formation of ozone near the ground due to the reaction of car pollutants with UV radiation and oxygen is an example of a secondary pollutant.

Ozone forms near the ground when pollutants from cars are exposed to UV radiation and oxygen. This is an example of a secondary pollutant. Secondary pollutants like ground-level ozone are not emitted directly into the air but are created by chemical reactions between primary pollutants and other atmospheric components. In the case of ozone, it forms when nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by cars, industrial facilities, and other sources react in the presence of sunlight.

Answer:

The correct answer is 3.The car is out of gasoline.

Explanation:

A good testable hypothesis for a car that will not start would be that the car do not contain the fuel to start because any car requires fuel to get started.

So gasoline is a fuel which is also known as petroleum and is widely used as the fuel source for vehicles all over the world. So when any car becomes out of gasoline that car will not start because there will be no energy source to start the engine of the car.  

Therefore the car is out of gasoline is a good testable hypothesis for ben who observed that his car will not start.

When clouds trap heat emitted from Earth's surface, they are acting as a Greenhouse gas.

Greenhouse gases (also known as GHGs) are gases in the earth's atmosphere that trap heat. During the day, the sun shines through the atmosphere, warming the earth's surface. At night, the earth's surface cools, releasing heat back into the air. But some of the heat is trapped by the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

A greenhouse gas is called that because it absorbs infrared radiation from the Sun in the form of heat, which is circulated in the atmosphere and eventually lost to space.

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Answer:

False

Explanation:

Climate plays an essential role in the weathering process. Both precipitation and temperature are essential climatic components.

With appropriate climatic condition, trees and plants grow which leads to biological weathering of rocks.

High  temperature and rainfall causes chemical weathering .

Rainfall alone causes weathering by penetrating through the rock fissure.

Not only this, in cold climatic condition weathering also takes place due o cycle of freezing and thawing.

Thus, the statement "Climate does not effect the rate in which weathering can occur" is false.