Answer:
alternative to incarceration
Explanation:
The alternative to incarceration or the alternative sanction is a form of punishment that is an alternative to the imprisonment of the criminal.
They are different treatments of the criminal that are usually forms of unpleasant, corrective activities that serve as punishment but are still protecting the community from further damages.
They serve as a method of reducing the prison population, reducing costs that imprisonment brings to the community, and focusing more on the rehabilitation of the person that is being punished.
In the criminal justice system, punishment must have 3 elements to be effective: incapacitation, deterrence, and credible protection. Retribution, incapacitation, deterrence, and rehabilitation are different approaches to punishment.
Explanation:In order to have a real punishment it must have 3 elements to be effective; it must incapacitate the offender, it must be unpleasant enough to be a deterrent from criminality and it must provide credible protection for the community.
Within the criminal justice system, there are three basic elements that constitute it: the police, the courts, and punishment. The police maintain public order by enforcing the law. Courts rely on an adversarial process in which attorneys-one representing the defendant and one representing the crown-present their cases in the presence of a judge who monitors legal procedures. Punishment can be retributive, incapacitative, or aimed at deterrence or rehabilitation.
Retribution seeks to punish individuals for their past crimes, while incapacitation tries to prevent future crimes by removing criminals from the community. Deterrence aims to prevent crimes by changing the costs, benefits, or opportunities of committing a crime. Rehabilitation is focused on transforming an offender into a law-abiding, healthier, and more productive member of society.
At this party, a hypnotist is making the kids act like barnyard animals. Pete turns to his aunt and says, "Please! They are just acting this way because they think they are supposed to." Pete’s statement is most consistent with the ______ theory of hypnosis.
Answer:Social cognitive theory
Explanation:Social cognitive theory is a perspective that is based on the fact that mostly we learn by watching
others and responding to our current social environment. So given a situation we will observe other and think about our action and respond appropriately according to the situation and usually imitate what everyone else is doing around where we are . We are likely to imitate the behavior when it is rewarded and imitate those individuals with whom we identify.
Doug believes that the "mind" is really just a result of the workings of our brain. Renee believes that each person has a mind that is separate from the body. Their different opinions reflect ______________.
Answer:
A). The mind/body problem.
Explanation:
As per the given description, the distinction in their opinions indicate 'the mind/body problem' as they exemplify the argument associated to describe the association between the responsiveness and thought that comes in human mind and physical body part 'brain'. Doug is of the view that 'mind' is mere the outcome of the functioning of the brain while Renne's view in contradicting the previous view of Doug by stating that 'every individual possesses a mind that is distinct from our physical body. Thus, this debate gives rise to the question that both the units(mind and body) are distinct or unified. Thus, option A is the correct answer.
Cesare Lombroso, Richard Dugdale, and William Sheldon were all proponents of Select one: a. moralism. b. biological determinism. c. psychological determinism. d. social determinism.
Answer:
b. biological determinism
Explanation:
They were all proponents of biological determinism.
Who may impose constraints for the use of a committed fund balance?
A. The government's highest level of decision‐making authority
B. Creditors or bondholders
C. A majority vote of the finance committee
D. Any government official
Answer:
A. The government's highest level of decision making authority
Explanation:
Committed fund balance is a component of governmental fund on which a self-imposed limitations has been set in place for a particular period of usage example Scholarship Tuition funds. This Limitation can only be imposed at the highest level of decision making and it requires formal action at the same level to remove
Julio’s mother has been giving him gold stars for keeping his bed dry all night. After about a week, Julio discontinued his habit of bed-wetting. His change in behavior best illustrates the value of
Answer:
d. Operant conditioning
Explanation:
The options for this question are missing. The options are:
a. Primary reinforcement
b. Classical conditioning
c. Spontaneous recovery
d. Operant conditioning
In psychology, the term operant conditioning refers to a method of learning that is done by using rewards and punishments to either make the desired behavior happen more often (rewards) or to make it happen less often (punishments). The person given the rewards of punishments then learns the "correct" behavior and then the behavior starts happening without the presence of the rewards or punishments.
In this example, the desired behavior would be that Julio keeps the bed dry all night, therefore she starts giving him gold stars (rewards) for keeping it dry. After a week of doing so, Julio has changed his behavior and keeps the bed dry. Therefore, this change in behavior best illustrates the value of operant conditioning.
Final answer:
Julio's behavior change illustrates positive reinforcement, a concept in behavioral psychology where rewards increase the likelihood of a behavior's recurrence.
Explanation:
Julio's change in behavior best illustrates the value of positive reinforcement. Positive reinforcement occurs when a response or behavior is strengthened by rewards, leading to an increase in the occurrence of those behaviors. In Julio's case, the gold stars served as a reward for keeping his bed dry, which increased the likelihood that he would continue this desired behavior.
Behavior modification through positive reinforcement is an effective tool in habit formation and can be used in various settings, including parenting, schooling, and even self-improvement. It is a concept rooted in behavioral psychology, particularly within the realm of operant conditioning, which was pioneered by B.F. Skinner. This principle teaches that behaviors followed by positive outcomes tend to be repeated.
Alisha and Greg both work full time outside the home. As a woman, Alisha earns less than Greg and is responsible for a greater share of the housework and child care in order to "make up" the difference. __________ might argue that this arrangement is rational and mutually beneficial.
Answer:
exchange theorists
After her divorce, Jean became depressed and isolated herself. After Carol's divorce, Carol went back to school to fulfill her dream of becoming a pharmacist. The difference in the reactions of Jean and Carol to their divorces is an example of _______.
The difference in the reactions of Jean and Carol to their divorces highlights individual differences, which include how people respond based on their unique set of personal characteristics and coping mechanisms.
Explanation:The difference in the reactions of Jean and Carol to their divorces is an example of individual differences. This term refers to the variety of ways in which people react to the same situation based on their unique set of personal characteristics, including their attitudes, behaviors, and emotions. For instance, Jean's response was to become depressed and isolate herself, while Carol responded by pursuing her dream of becoming a pharmacist. These reactions reflect their different coping mechanisms, personal goals, and emotional resilience.
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Final answer:
Jean's and Carol's different reactions to divorce show individual differences in coping and resilience, with Jean struggling and Carol seeing it as a chance to pursue personal dreams.
Explanation:
The differing reactions of Jean and Carol to their divorces illustrate individual differences in coping mechanisms and resilience after significant life changes. Jean's reaction of becoming depressed and isolating herself may suggest that she perceives the divorce as a threat, possibly fearing loneliness or a change in lifestyle. In contrast, Carol sees the divorce as a challenge, using it as an opportunity to pursue her dream career. This proactive approach may involve a sense of optimism and self-improvement.
One key aspect of social psychology is understanding how people react and adapt to life-altering events such as divorce. Factors contributing to these reactions can include personal beliefs, past experiences, support systems, and perception of the event as either a threat or a challenge. While Jean's response indicates a struggle with the situation, Carol's reaction shows a positive use of the event to make significant life changes and pursue personal growth.
You flip a coin four times and it comes up heads each time. You bet your friend $100 on tails for the fifth flip. You assume that it has to be tails this time because the four previous flips were heads. This is an example of___________
Answer:
gambler's fallacy
Explanation:
gambler's fallacy - it is referred to as the false belief that outcomes of one vent can deter according to past events. People believed that if the occurrence of one event is more frequent in the past then it is less likely that it will occur in the future with the same frequency.
People also have gambler's fallacy when they think that frequent occurrence of a particular event is likely to cause the occurrence of other events
A researcher determined the degree of relationship between vocabulary scores and reading comprehension scores. The researcher was conducting what type of non-experimental study?
Answer:
Correlation research.
Explanation:
Correlation research is a type of non-experimental research in which the researcher measures two variables and assesses the statistical relationship between them with little or no effort to control extraneous variables.
A particular guitar wire is 30.0 cm long and vibrates at a frequency of 196 Hz when no finger is placed on it. The next higher notes on the scale are 220 Hz. 247 Hz, 262 Hz, and 294 Hz. How far from the end of the string must the finger be placed to play these notes?
Similarly, L4 = 196 x 0.3/262 = 0.224m
L4 = 22.4cm
L5 = 20 cm
Researchers and scholars realized that subjects behaved differently because of the active participation of researchers in the Hawthorne experiments. This phenomenon has come to be known as the Hawthorne.True / False.
Answer: True
Explanation:
Hawthorne effect is the change in behavior by subjects of study when they know they're being observed.
Dan wanted to train his dog, Rocket, to come to him when called. Every time Dan called Rocket and he came, Dan would give him a treat and pet him. Soon Rocket would come every time he was called. Which type of learning is Dan using?
Answer:
operant learning
Dan is employing operant conditioning to train Rocket. This involves reinforcing Rocket's behavior of coming when called with a treat and petting, encouraging repetition of the behavior in the future.
Explanation:Dan is using a type of learning known as operant conditioning. In operant conditioning, an organism learns to associate a behavior and its consequence. In Dan's case, the behavior is, Rocket coming when called, and the consequence is receiving a treat and petting from Dan. This is a form of positive reinforcement, as the rewarding consequence following the desired behavior encourages Rocket to repeat the behavior in the future. A similar principle is applied when, for example, Skinner taught rats in a Skinner box to press a lever to receive a pellet of food. After associating pressing the lever with getting food, the rats would press the lever more frequently. So, essentially, Dan is using the same technique to teach Rocket to come when called.
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"________ is a person's judgment about whether he or she can successfully learn new knowledge and skills."
Answer:
Self-efficacy
Explanation:
According to psychologist Albert Bendura's social cognitive theory, self efficacy is a person's belief in its own ability to succeed in a particular situation.
Jared was questioning a suspect using the Reid technique, and after a long and exhausting interrogation, the suspect falsely confessed to the crime just to put an end to the interrogation. When hearing this confession, Jared felt even more confident that the suspect was guilty. This is an illustration of the phenomenon that psychologists call:
Answer:
confirmation bias
"When Washoe, a chimp who learned American Sign Language, saw a swan and did not know the sign for it, she combined two signs that she did know to give it the name "waterbird." This feat showed that she had a linguistic ability called___________
Answer:
productivity linguistic ability
Explanation:
Productivity linguistic ability -
It refers to the ability or the creativeness to create new words by using the basic words of a particular language , is referred to as productivity .
Productivity is also known as creativity or open - endedness .
It is one of the most common and simplest method to generate new words of phrases .
Hence , from the given scenario of the question ,
Washoe indicates the swan as a waterbird , is the indication of productivity .
Amanda is very mindful to guard what she says to her boyfriend when she is angry so that she won't say something that she will later regret. This best demonstrates the communication principle that says
Answer:
This best demonstrates the communication principle that says that interpersonal communication is irrevesible
Explanation:
There are four principles regarding interpersonal communication: it is inescapable, contextual, complicated and irrevesible. Amanda's case exemplifies the one that says that it is ireversible because she knows that no matter what, she can't take it back. Words leave an impression or generate something once they are said and there is no way to erase that.
Which term is used by economists to measure the satisfaction a person gets from the use or consumption of goods and services?
Answer:
The correct answer to the following question will be "Utility".
Explanation:
This is a way of measuring the happiness an individual achieves from commodity production. In several other words, a consumers get from every good is a test of just the effectiveness.It's a measure of how much a show, favorite food, or other things you love.Therefore, Utility is the right answer.
Alicia is using a drug that produces its stimulating effects by slowing down and blocking the reuptake process of neurotransmitters in the brain. What happens when the reuptake process is slowed down?
A) There is an increase of neurotransmitter molecules in the synapse
B) There is a decrease of neurotransmitter molecules in the synapse.
C) Fewer neurotransmitters are released into the synapse.
D) There are more receptors available for the neurotransmitter molecules.
Answer:
A). There is an increase of neurotransmitter molecules in the synapse.
Explanation:
Reuptake process is demonstrated as the resorption of the neurotransmitters by the nerve cell that actually secreted it. The primary function of this process is to reprocessing of neurotransmitters and control the level of their presence in synapse.
As per the question, when 'reuptake' process is flagging, 'there is an increase of neurotransmitter molecules in the synapse' as the re-absorption of these neurotransmitters is slowed down by that leads to a significant increase in these cells. Thus, option A is the correct answer.
Which of the following statements about current U.S. waste disposal is true?a. We incinerate 50% of our trash and the rest is in open landfills.b. We landfill half of our trash and recycle a third of it.c. We landfill half of our trash and recycle the other half.d. We incinerate 90% of our trash and landfill the rest.
Answer:
b. We landfill half of our trash and recycle a third of it.
Explanation:
Wastes disposal may be defined as the destroying or removing the unwanted domestic waste products or industrial or agricultural products and substances. Waste disposal includes burial or burning of these waste substances at landfills or at sea and sometimes recycling.
Tons of waste products or substances are generated each day in the entire United States. Proper disposal of such wastes is a huge task for the government. Fortunately, the federal government has taken steps to recycle most of its waste product into different usable products by the people which is an efficient method to prevent pollution.
Thus United States landfills half of its waste product generated and recycle a third of its waste generation.
Hence the correct option is (b).
When the producer participates in the experiment, she is instructed to think about certain kinds of stimuli, such as a hammer or an apartment. When the computer analyzes her thoughts, it is making a decision about whether she thought about a tool or a dwelling. Considering these methods, which of the following is a valid criticism of this experiment? 1. Because the computer is indicating what the participant should think about, it knows what the correct answer should be for each trial. 2. The computer isn't really reading people's thoughts, it's making a probability-based choice between two very different kinds of thoughts. 3. This research is pointless, because it doesn't have any real-world application. 4. The person's thoughts can be identified only after the computer has had a chance to record their brain activity for a wide range of objects.
Answer:
The only valid criticism of the experiment described here is that the person's thoughts can be identified only after the computer has had a chance to record their brain activity for a wide range of objects.
Explanation:
Through techniques like magnetic resonance imaging, it is possible to map and read the activities of the brain as the brain emits waves while it thinks of different things. For things that are similar in various attributes, the waves emitted by the brain are similar. Hence, by recording these waves, the computer can eventually devise what object is the person thinking of.The channels indicated by the pointer, are _____. A structure of a root. The arrow indicates a channel between the cell from the outer layer of the root and the cell from the inner one. The channels indicated by the pointer, are _____. A structure of a root. The arrow indicates a channel between the cell from the outer layer of the root and the cell from the inner one. desmosomes plasmodesmata tight junctions mycorrhizae gap junctions R
Answer:
The channels indicated by the pointer, are plasmodesmata.
Explanation:
Plasmotada is a type of cell junction. Ions and water can pass from cell to cell through this channels.
Their function is to interconnect the cytoplasm between neighboring cells.
Sigmund Freud, Abraham Maslow, Erik Erikson, and Carl Rogers all developed ways to explain behaviors or events by offering ideas that organize observations. Their ideas are called:________.
a) theories.
b) patterns in random events.
c) the scientific method.
d) scientific inquiry.
Answer:
a) theories.
Explanation:
Sigmund Freud, Abraham Maslow, Erik Erikson, and Carl Rogers all developed ways to explain behaviors or events by offering ideas that organize observations. Their ideas are called theories.
Theories are established principles, below are some theories;
Sigmund Freud developed the psychoanalytic theory of personality development.
Abraham Maslow developed the hierarchy of needs theory
Erik Erikson promulgated the theory of psychosocial development.
Sigmund Freud, Abraham Maslow, Erik Erikson, and Carl Rogers all developed theories to explain behaviors or events by organizing observations.
Explanation:The ideas proposed by Sigmund Freud, Abraham Maslow, Erik Erikson, and Carl Rogers are called theories. These theories are ways of explaining behaviors or events by organizing observations. They provide frameworks or models that help to understand and interpret human behavior and development.
For example, Freud's psychoanalytic theory explains behavior through the interplay of conscious and unconscious processes, while Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory explains behavior in terms of the satisfaction of different levels of needs.
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In which tragic form are the central figures of the play caught in a series of tragic circumstances?
Answer:
Both traditional and modern tragedy
Explanation:
Traditional tragedy or classical tragedy is the tragedy that consists of a single time span, setting, and one main protagonist.
Whereas, Modern Tragedies consists of more than one protagonist, realistic time, and more than one plot.
The similarities between both types of tragedy are that they both have catharsis, which means that they both have there main characters caught in tragic circumstances.
In tragedy, the central figures face tragic circumstances that emerge from their personal failings and external factors, culminating in a Scene of Suffering. This structure and the use of hamartia are designed to evoke pity and fear in the audience, leading to catharsis.
Explanation:In a tragedy, the central figures, or protagonists, are typically caught in a series of tragic circumstances arising from a combination of personal failings (known as hamartia) and factors beyond their control. The plot usually follows a structure that begins with a Complication, leading to a climax, and concludes with an Unraveling or Denouement. The protagonist's hamartia (a great error or frailty) results in unforeseeable and unintended consequences that culminate in a Scene of Suffering, eliciting pity and fear from the audience.
For example, in William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, the protagonists' own impulsive decisions and cruel twists of fate lead to their untimely deaths. The audience witnesses the height of their suffering in the tragic final scene where timing and misunderstandings result in both characters' self-inflicted deaths.
This sense of catharsis is central to the genre, where the story of the character elicits a cleansing of emotions. The most powerful elements of emotional interest in tragedy include Peripeteia (Reversal of the Situation) and Recognition scenes, which are all part of the carefully constructed plot designed to evoke a profound response from the audience.
When an organization asks a manager to provide his or her support for an employee before that employee would be considered for a promotion through the internal recruiting process, the organization is using ______ in internal recruiting.
Answer:
The answer is managerial sponsorship.
Explanation:
Sponsorship management refers to the way through which an organization supervises the different activities related to sponsorship. Thus, the organization manages relevant aspects like project selection, monitoring as well as assessment.
Some corporations like Coca-Cola, Mastercard and McDonald’s usually spend a lot of money in activities concerning sponsorship, and at the same time, they pretend to pay especial attention to those events in which there is a large audience. They also choose projects that are important related to their brand mission, as well as they have relationship with their goals.
Researchers usually transcribe responses after they conduct a series of interviews. The transcription process is fairly time-consuming, but it is valuable, in part, because it allows researchers to ______________
Stacey is walking alone to her car one night and is approached by a hooded stranger looking for directions. Her heart begins to race and her blood pressure surges. Stacey has experienced the fight-or-flight response, activated by the sympathetic branch of her:___________
Answer:
Autonomic nervous system
Explanation:
The autonomic nervous system is the part of the nervous system that is responsible for involuntary actions in our bodies. Involuntary actions or functions are those functions in our bodies that are performed without our being conscious about it. For example, heartbeat, flowing of blood, digestion, etc.
In the given case, when Stacey experienced fight-or-flight her sympathetic branch was activated due to the autonomic nervous system as her heartbeat started pumping faster and her blood pressure surged.
At a meeting of psychiatrists, you see a sign for a session titled "Antidepressant drugs: Not just for depression." A summary of the session indicates that the speaker will outline how selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors can be used in treating anxiety disorders. What are some reasons for using these drugs instead of antianxiety drugs?
Answer:
It has relatively low side effects and is safer to use compared to other drugs.
Explanation:
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are drugs that acts as antidepressants in combating depression and anxiety related disorder, it works by increasing the serotonin levels present in the brain. This drug is mostly used because its effectiveness in treating depression and anxiety disorder outweighs its side effects.
Examples includes fluvoxamine, paroxetine, sertraline, etc
How did Egyptian and Mesopotamian women compare in terms of their ability to own and control property
Answer:
Egyptian Women were given quite equal right has men, that was why a woman could become a pharaoh the( such as hatshepsut)
Explanation:
Hatshepsut was a female Egyptian pharaoh, she wouldn't have become a pharaoh if preferences were not given to female like males. it shows that females were also given privileges and rights as the males, this gives them ability to own and control property thou it could be limited to an existent but comparing with Mesopotamian women, they (Mesopotamian women) are usually under a man, or a family, not seen taking control like Egyptian women would.
In conclusion, Egyptian women had rights more than Mesopotamian women which gives Egyptian ability to control compared to Mesopotamian women who her less privileged.
The seniority rule in Congress does which of the following:
a.
it routinely allocates first choice in committee assignments to majority party members who have served the longest time in Congress
b.
it routinely allocates first choice in committee assignments to majority party members who are the most senior in age
c.
it routinely allocates first choice in committee assignments to majority party members who are from the oldest states
d.
it routinely allocates first choice in committee assignments to majority party members who have served the longest time in government, regardless of which branch
The seniority rule in Congress allocates committee assignments based on length of service, promoting expertise and avoiding conflicts.
The seniority rule in Congress allocates first choice in committee assignments to majority party members who have served the longest time in Congress. This tradition promotes continuity, legislative expertise, and helps avoid leadership conflicts within committees.
What is one field you may explode if you want to study the complex relationship between culture and biology?
Answer: Anthropology
Explanation:
Anthropology is the study of humans, their behavior and how they relate in their society in the past and present.