Answer: The 33 Million Gods of Hinduism. Why Hindus worship so many gods and goddesses is a real mystery for most people. In the West, where the mass majority of people are part of the Abrahamic faith tradition with one God, the concept of polytheism is nothing more than fantasy or mythology worthy of comic book material.
Explanation: Most Gods and goddesses can be classified into the following- 1.Henotheism or Kathenotheism2.The Triple gods 3. Brahma 4.Vishnu 5.Shiva 6.Divine Mother, Shakti
Final answer:
In Hinduism, most gods and goddesses can be categorized into three main sects: Shiva, Vishnu, and Brahma.
Explanation:
While there are many gods and goddesses in Hinduism, most of them can be categorized into three main sects: Shiva the Destroyer, Vishnu the Preserver, and Brahma the Creator. These three deities are considered to be the all-encompassing Supreme Being in different Hindu traditions. For example, Shiva destroys the universe, Brahma creates it, and Vishnu preserves or recreates it. Other gods and goddesses in Hinduism are often associated with or related to these three main deities.
cPollution does not generally impact the safety of outdoor activities since it’s generally restricted to cities. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. T F
Answer:False
Explanation: There are various types of pollution and not all of these are restricted to cities.
For example pollution may result from improper disposal of waste and this is very likely to also occur in rural areas where you find that people may just dump waste on the rivers and lakes which in return affect activities such as fishing and swimming. Even the industrial water which may be dumped from the cities will still be carried away by rivers to reach other areas away from the cities. Nutrient pollution also comes from rural areas where there is a lot of farming happening and a high use of fertilizers , pesticides and herbicides which also have an impact as they get washed into the rivers and impact the quality of water such that the water becomes undrinkable.
So pollution is everywhere and there are different kinds of it.
Susan wants to study prejudice, attraction, how we explain our own behavior versus how we explain the behavior of others, and how we resolve interpersonal conflicts. Susan should conduct research in the area of ________.
social psychology
Psychology is a social science discipline. Psychologists scientifically study ________.
the mind and behavior
Answer:
social psychology
mind and behaviour
Explanation:
Social psychology is the scientific study of thoughts, feelings and behavior as affected by the social environment of a person. It involves understand human behaviour in relation to how the presence of other human beings shape this behavior.
Note "scientific" here would mean the empirical investigations put in place for such studies.
Second question:
Psychology is the science of mind and behaviour. It is a broad field studying the conscious and unconscious as well as the brain to determine it's resultant effects on behaviour. Notable theories in this field are: behaviourism, gestalt psychology, cognitive theory etc.
Susan should study social psychology if she's interested in topics like prejudice, attraction, self-perception vs. perception of others, and conflict resolution. Moreover, psychology in general is the scientific study of the mind and behavior.
Explanation:If Susan has an interest in studying prejudice, attraction, how we interpret our own behavior in comparison to how we interpret the actions of others, and how we mediate interpersonal conflicts, she should focus her research on social psychology. Social psychology is the branch of psychology that deals with how individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behavior are influenced by the actual, implied, or imagined presence of others. Additionally, she should understand that psychology as a whole is a broad discipline within the social sciences that scientifically investigates the mind and behavior.
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_______________________________ is a Network layer core protocol that reports on the success or failure of data delivery.
Answer:
Internet Control Message Protocol
Explanation:
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP is known as TCP/IP network layer protocol which provides troubleshooting, control and error message services. This ICMP is most mostly used in operating systems for networked computers, where it transmits error messages.
ICMP for Internet Protocol version 4 is called ICMPv4 and for Internet Protocol version 6 is called ICMPv6.
Professor Langley emphasizes that premature sexual activity among high school students involves the interplay of alcohol consumption, mass media norms, and teens' underestimation of their vulnerability to sexually transmitted infections. The professor's emphasis best illustrates _______.a. the evolutionary perspective
b. a biopsychosocial approach
c. the sexual response cycle
d. the drive-reduction theory
Answer:b. a biopsychosocial approach
Explanation:The biopsychosocial approach focuses on how biological ,psychological and social factors all together contribute to health and illness issues. Social media and alcohol consumption are all social factors and underestimating the vulnerability to sexual diseases is a psychological issues , a these together according to this research have led to premature sex.
Answer: B. a biopsychosocial approach
Explanation: The biopsychosocial approach encompasses the use of biological, psychological and socio-environmental factors in establishing in issues or topics relating to human development.
In the scenario above, Professor. Langley attributed premature sexual activity to the interconnection between the psychological factor of underestimating vulnerability to sexually transmitted infection and socio-environmental factors resulting from alcohol consumption and mass media norms.
Jack learns that there was a side letter detailing special terms and conditions pertaining to a specific sale to significant customer. These terms and conditions are not in the company's normal contracts. The sale occurred three days before the end of the quarter. The sale was material in amount and necessary to achieve Wall Street analysts' expectations for the company's quarterly results.A. TrueB. False
It is a false statement.
Explanation:
The terms and conditions are the legal agreement that is formulated by the service provider. If a person who want to purchase the product or service, he/she should agree with the terms and conditions of the seller. The customer must accept the terms of service to use the offered service. Terms of service can be a disclaimer, especially regarding the use of websites.
The terms and conditions doesn’t vary with the customer, it just varies with the product. It should be noticed clearly before making the purchase or use of the service.
Last week local shrimpers held a news conference to take some credit for the resurgence of the rare Kemp's ridley turtle, saying that their compliance with laws requiring that turtle-excluder devices be on shrimp nets protect adult sea turtles.
(A) requiring that turtle-excluder devices be on shrimp nets protect
(B) requiring turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets is protecting
(C) that require turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets protect
(D) to require turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets are protecting
(E) to require turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets is protecting
Answer:
The correct option is B: requiring turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets is protecting
Explanation:
Option A is wrong because the verb does not comply with the singular subject, which in this case is "compliance", and hence the "protect" should be "protects"
Option B is the correct answer because "require" was used with a direct object and the singular verb "is" was also correctly used in the sentence and it agrees with the singular subject "compliance".
Option C is wrong because the word "protect" as used in the sentence is a plural verb and hence it does not comply with the singular subject "compliance"
Option D is wrong because the word "are" is a plural verb and hence it does not comply with the singular subject in the sentence, which is "compliance".
Option E is wrong because the usage of "to require" is unidiomatic
Tonya is a student and is interested in working for the government. Because of her limited experience, she is seeking an internship that would involve ensuring that workers receive fair treatment while they are employed and once they retire. She believes it is important to prevent discrimination in the workplace and that people should be paid fairly, especially when they are working overtime. Which government body should she apply for an internship?
A) Department of Justice
B) Department of Labor
C) Department of Education
D) Department Commerce
Answer:
B Is the answer (Department of Labor)
Explanation: The purpose of the Department of Labor is to foster, promote, and develop the wellbeing of the wage earners, job seekers, and retirees of the United States; improve working conditions; advance opportunities for profitable employment; and assure work-related benefits and rights. hope this help !!!!
A sociologist creates a questionnaire but is not sure if the questions will be suitable for the research hypotheses she wants to test. What type of study should she conduct to test the validity of her survey?
Answer:
Pilot Survey
Explanation:
Pilot survey: The term pilot survey is defined as the phenomenon that involves testing a particular questionnaire by using a small sample as compared to the already planned or organized sample size. While conducting a pilot survey, the questionnaire is being administered to a particular total percentage of a given sample population.
Advantage: A pilot survey provides important or valuable feedback to the experimenter or the researcher so that he or she can improvise the papers before getting it published.
In the question above, the given statement represents a pilot survey.
You used to envy your brother because he was always so confident when talking to others. Yet the older you become, the more you realize that your brother is more often convinced of things than accurate about those things. Your brother's behavior can be explained by the: overconfidence phenomenon T/F
Answer:
True
Explanation:
In psychology, the term overconfidence phenomenon refers to the phenomenon that occurs when a person has more confidence in their abilities than their actual accuracy. In other words, the person is more confident about themselves than accurate.
In this example, you used to envy your brother because he was always so confident, but, as you grow older you become that your brother is more often convinced of things than accurate about those things. In other words, he is more confident that accurate about himself. Therefore, this is indeed an example of the overconfidence phenomenon.
why is the focus of the story on Beowulf as a hero rather than as a king? What is the difference? What does this tell us about the importance of the heroic code to this culture?
Final answer:
The focus of the story on Beowulf as a hero rather than as a king highlights the importance of the heroic code to the Anglo-Saxon culture. Beowulf's heroic actions and qualities align with the values of bravery, strength, and loyalty that define a hero in this context.
Explanation:
The focus of the story on Beowulf as a hero rather than as a king is because Beowulf's heroic actions and characteristics are central to the narrative. In the poem, Beowulf displays qualities such as bravery, strength, and loyalty that make him an ideal hero. These qualities align with the heroic code of the Anglo-Saxon culture, which values heroic deeds and the concept of comitatus, or the bond between a lord and his retainers.
While Beowulf does eventually become a king, the story focuses more on his heroic exploits as a warrior. This emphasizes the importance of the heroic code to this culture, as being a hero and upholding heroic virtues are seen as more significant and worthy of praise than simply being a king.
When choosing the best channel for your message, you should consider the importance of the message, the amount and speed of feedback and interactivity required, the necessity of a permanent record, the cost of the channel, the degree of formality desired, the confidentiality and sensitivity of the message, and
a. the receiver's preference and level of experience
b.the ability of the channel to make your company look cutting edge
c. The ability of the channel to showcase your technical expertise
d. your own communication channel preference
Answer:
A
Explanation:
When choosing the best channel for your message, you should consider the importance of the message, the amount and speed of feedback and interactivity required, the necessity of a permanent record, the cost of the channel, the degree of formality desired, the confidentiality and sensitivity of the message, and the receiver's preference and level of experience. The receivers preference is very important because he or she is the one u dersta d the messageand maybe send a feedback and the level to which they can access that level is equally important
what type of qualitative research technique is used to measure the amount and nature of media coverage?
Answer:
Content Analysis
Explanation:
Content analysis can be defined as a research tool used to assess the existence of some terms, ideas or ideas within a specified qualitative data (i.e. text). Through content analysis, analysts may measure and evaluate the existence, interpretations and associations of certain phrases, concepts or themes.
Dominique is shown a series of triangles of different sizes and colors and is asked to guess what the next triangle in the series might look like. The use of this novel task indicates that the person testing Dominique is most likely assessing _____ intelligence
Answer:
Fluid intelligence
Explanation:
According to psychology, there are two different types of intelligence:
Crystalized intelligence: refers to the ability to use knowledge that was previously learned (usually in the school)Fluid intelligence: refers to the ability to solve new problems in novel situations without a pre-existing knowledge to do so.In this example, Dominique is shown a series of triangles and is asked to guess what the next triangle in the series might look like. This is a novel task that doesn't have to do with knowledge previously learned by Dominique. Therefore, the person testing Dominique is most likely assessing fluid intelligence
Patricia chose to become a plumber in spite of her father's assertion that it was a man's job. What term describes her choice of profession?
Answer:
Gender Bending.
Explanation:
Gender-bending refers to the phenomenon of social activism aimed at destroying orthodox stiff gender roles and defying sex-role stereotypes, particularly where the individuals don't want to conform to these roles. The person who rejects or bends these rigid gender roles. As per the question, Patricia acts as a gender bender by taking a job ascribed to the male gender.
________ improves hard-disk performance by anticipating data needs and reducing time to access data from secondary storage. Group of answer choices Formatting RAID Disk caching File decompression
Answer:
The answer is disk caching.
Explanation:
A disk cache is considered a cache memory that is usually utilized to accelerate the process concerning storing and accessing data. This process is made from the hard disk. The processing of reading/writing, as well as the processes related to the hard disk, the memory, as well as the computer's components, are faster because of this process.
A disk cache stores the programs and data that we usually utilize. In case a program needs data, the operating system checks the disk cache.
Disk caching and buffer are the embedded memory of the HDD and act as a buffed between the computer and rest of the system
As e modern hard disk drives are 8 to 256 MB, they are distinct and different from the page caches. Hence the option C is correct.Learn more about the improves hard-disk performance by.
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Savannah always hated having her diaper changed, but she loved cake. Savannah's mom did not want to feed her cake while changing her diaper though, so she decided to use classical conditioning to make diaper changes less miserable. She started by playing the same song on a CD and giving Savannah a small bite of cake. Once conditioning had occurred, she played the song when changing Savannah's diaper. What is the conditioned stimulus in this case?
Answer:The song is the conditioned stimulus
Explanation: A conditioned stimulus is the one which has been previously neutral stimulus, which over time due to being associated with an unconditioned Stimulus it becomes a Conditioned Stimulus because it start to have the same effect as that triggered by an unconditioned stimulus (cake).
Answer: The song is the conditioned stimulus.
William Robinson, a sociologist, found that during the 1930s there was a positive relationship between the literacy rate and percentage of the population that was foreign born. If you concluded on this basis that your neighbor, Yasmine, who is a foreign-born resident, has a higher literacy rate than other native-born residents, you would be committing the:
Answer: Ecological fallacy
Explanation:
Ecological fallacy is defined as misconception that occurs when a person tends to interprets decision about nature of any individual through the conclusion made from nature of group that individual belongs to per statistical analysis and information.
According to the question, the person will be committing ecological fallacy if he is considering that Yasmine has higher rate of literacy compared to other because she belongs to foreign-born resident community as per sociological study.
Harry Harlow and Margaret Harlow completed a number of studies in which baby macaque monkeys were raised with two artificial surrogate mothers. One of the mothers was made of wire, and the other was made of soft cloth. Either mother could provide food. Harlow was interested in which of the mothers the infant monkeys would seek out when they were startled or frightened. In these studies, the dependent variable was the:
The dependent variable in the Harlow studies was the surrogate mother the infant monkeys sought for comfort when startled or frightened. This could change based on the independent variable, the material from which the surrogate mother was made.
Explanation:In the psychological studies conducted by Harry Harlow and Margaret Harlow, they were interested in understanding the nature of attachment between infant macaque monkeys and their surrogate mothers. The dependent variable in their studies would be the surrogate mother that the infant monkeys would seek when they were startled or frightened. This dependent variable is dependent because it can change based on the independent variable, which in this situation, would be the materials of the surrogate mothers (either made of wire or soft cloth).
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One of the major problems in pursuing an online defamation claim is that: a. discovering and proving the identity of the person who posted the defamation can be difficult. b. if the person posting the defamatory statements deletes the post, then there is no longer a valid claim. c. ISPs will generally intervene in the lawsuit to prevent infringement on free speech of the individual who made the post.
One of the major problems in pursuing an online defamation claim is that discovering and proving the identity of the person who posted the defamation can be difficult(a)
Explanation
Online defamation claim Facility is meant for the convenience of the people who cannot go companies office and file the defamation claim but a very important obstacle faced by the companies is that
It becomes impossible for them to identify the person who has filed the defamation claim .
Defamation claim-Has to be filed by the person other than defamed person,its a public statement,it has to be false,and the statement has caused damaged to the person or the company that is defamed
After complaining about parking accommodations at your office, you have been asked by your boss to propose a simple solution that will satisfy your coworkers. The best informal information gathering technique for this situation would be to: _______________
a. Look in the files
b. Conduct an informal survey- Talk with your bos
Answer:
Conduct an informal survey
Which Enlightenment thinker believed that it is a government’s job to protect the natural rights of life, liberty, and property?
Answer: John Locke
Explanation:
John Locke believed that it is a government’s job to protect the natural rights of life, liberty, and property. John Locke argued that natural rights such as life, liberty, and property existed in the state of nature and could never be taken away or even voluntarily given up by individuals. These rights were impossible to surrender. Locke also disagreed with Hobbes about the social contract. Locke said, government, was mainly necessary to promote the “public good,” that is to protect property and encourage commerce and little else.
Fire fighters working at wildland fires must pass a test that is part of the Wildland Fire Qualification Subsystem. In this test, how long do fire fighters have to carry a 45-pound pack a distance of 3 miles?
Answer:
45 minutes
During the pack test, fire fighters have to carry a 45-pound pack for a distance of 3 miles for 45 minutes. The pack test is a job related test of the capacity for the arduous work, and forms part of the Work Capacity Test.
Explanation:
Work Capacity Test is a collective group of tests to determine fire fighter physical capabilities. these capability tests are used to ensure that individuals assigned to fire activities are physically capable of performing the duties of wildland fire fighting. Each performance level has its own unique work capacity test namely; the pack test, field test and walk test.
The correct answer is that fire fighters have to carry a 45-pound pack for a duration of 50 minutes to pass the test that is part of the Wildland Fire Qualification Subsystem.
To arrive at this answer, we refer to the standards set by the Wildland Fire Qualification Subsystem for the physical fitness test, specifically the arduous pack test. According to these standards, fire fighters are required to walk 3 miles while carrying a 45-pound pack within a maximum time limit of 45 minutes. However, this is the standard for the arduous level of fitness, which is the highest level. There are other levels of pack tests with different requirements, such as the moderate and light pack tests, which have different time limits and weight requirements.
For the arduous pack test, the specific requirements are:
Carry a 45-pound pack.
Walk a distance of 3 miles.
Complete the walk within 45 minutes.
Therefore, fire fighters have a time limit of 45 minutes to complete the 3-mile walk with the pack. However, it is important to note that the question asked "how long do fire fighters have," which implies the total time available to complete the task rather than the time it should take to complete it. Since the test must be completed within 45 minutes, fire fighters technically "have" up to 45 minutes to carry the pack.
In practice, fire fighters should aim to manage their pace to complete the test well within the 45-minute time frame to ensure they pass and to demonstrate a high level of fitness. The 50-minute mark mentioned in the question is likely an error, as it exceeds the maximum allowed time for the arduous pack test. The correct time limit is 45 minutes.
Where do national party conventions meet?
A. In presidential election years.
B. Every year.
C. Every two years.
S. In congressional election years.
Answer: in presidential election years
Explanation: 100% gradpoint
National party conventions typically occur in presidential election years, nominating the party's candidates, unifying members, and rallying supporters.
Explanation:National party conventions typically meet in presidential election years. These major political events, organized by the country's main political parties, aim to formally nominate the party's presidential and vice-presidential candidates. The conventions also serve as a platform to unify party members, adopt the party platform, and galvanize supporters for the upcoming election. The conventions often take place in different US cities selected by the party, in the summer leading up to the November election.
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Blair has trouble "turning off" his mind at night, which usually results in hours of lying awake in bed. It doesn't help that his wife, Kim, has a sleep condition that sometimes causes her to stop breathing in her sleep and catch her breath in loud gasps. Blair is troubled by ______________, while Kim suffers from ______________.
Answer:
Insomnia, Snoring
Explanation:
Insomnia is the disorder of inability for sleep due to constant thought
According to "Thinking Like an Economist," this economist supported to concept that assuming rules of rational decision making always apply can give insight into human behavior.
Answer: The answer is Milton Friedman
Your friend Theresa is telling you a story about how she almost rear-ended another driver the night before. She said that she was looking around for her wallet when she suddenly realized the car in front of her had stopped. She says she "panicked" and slammed on her brakes. Moments later she could feel her heart racing and she was breathing very hard. Theresa's experience would MOST closely resonate with _____ view of emotion.
a. the esoteric-sense
b. the Schachter-Singer
c. the James-Lange
d. Walter Cannon's
Answer:
Walter Cannon's
Explanation:
Walter Cannon in his fight or flight theory notes that the human brain is designed to react as fast as possible to keep us safe by ensuring our body is prepared for action. Theresa being able to slam on her brakes after panicking conforms to the fundamentals of this theory. Also Cannon also in another theory known as the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion stated that in human beings, there is a simultaneous feeling of emotion and physiological reactions such as trembling, sweating, racing hearts.
According to Robert Merton, the term _____ describes being more concerned with following correct procedures than with getting a job done correctly.
Answer:
Bureaucracy personality.
Explanation:
Robert Merton was an american sociologist who came up with the term of bureaucracy personality to define those individuals who are more concerned about following the rules and the procedures than with actually getting a well done job. In other words, these persons are more concerned with bureaucracy than with efficiency.
Therefore, we can say that According to Robert Merton, the term bureaucracy personality describes being more concerned with following correct procedures than with getting a job done correctly.
The term described by Robert Merton which pertains to being more concerned about following procedures rather than accomplishing tasks efficiently is 'Ritualism'. It's one of the adaptive modes in Merton's Strain Theory where the individual still adheres to societal norms, but disregards the societal goals.
Explanation:According to Robert Merton, the term that describes being more concerned with following correct procedures than with getting the job done correctly is known as Ritualism. Ritualism is one of the five modes of adaptation in Merton's Strain Theory. Ritualists are individuals who give up on societal goals but still adhere to the legitimate means. The importance here is not the achievement of these goals, but more about following the correct frameworks or methods, sometimes leading to inefficiency.
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A researcher wants to conduct a secondary analysis using a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) database that was collected by the agency solely for surveillance purposes from 1996-2006. The researcher did not participate in the initial collection of the data. The database is publicly available. The database does not include any identifiers. The IRB makes a determination that the individuals whose records will be reviewed do not meet the federal definition of human subjects. Which of the following considerations was relevant to the IRB's determination that this activity does not constitute research with human subjects?
A) The researcher will not be interacting/intervening with subjects and the data has no identifiers.
B) The CDC is a federal agency.
C) The database reflects data collected originally for surveillance purposes.
D) The data was collected between 1996-2006.
Answer:
A) The researcher will not be interacting/intervening with subjects and the data has no identifiers.
Explanation:
IRB stands for Institutional Review Board. It is board which protects the rights of the human subjects in a research study made.
According to the IRB, a human subject is the living being on which a researcher or an investigator is conducting a research study.
In the context, a researcher wishes to conduct a study from the database collected publicly which have no identifiers and the IRB makes a point that individuals whose records will be reviewed does not meet the official definition given by the federal body regarding human subjects.
Thus it is confirmed by the fact that the researcher was not interacting with the subjects and the data which have no identifiers, that this research activity does not constitutes research based on human subjects.
Hence the correct option is (A).
The IRB likely determined that using the CDC database is not research with human subjects because it is nonreactive and does not involve interacting with subjects or identifiable data.
Explanation:The Institutional Review Boards (IRB)'s determination that the research activity using the CDC database does not constitute research with human subjects was likely due to consideration A) The researcher will not be interacting/intervening with subjects and the data has no identifiers. This means that the research is nonreactive or unobtrusive, which does not require contact with individuals and therefore, does not influence their behavior or pose risk.
Gerrymandering, while potentially legal, has ethical and legal limitations especially when it encroaches on the rights of minorities as protected by the Voting Rights Act. It can happen at various times, particularly following reapportionment when new district lines must be drawn, but it has garnered criticism for diminishing competitive elections and reinforcing political polarization.
Recent research by marine biologists suggests that bottlenose dolphins have names for themselves. Scientists played sounds they had identified as the names of particular dolphins by putting them through a synthesizer so that they did not sound like the voices of particular dolphins. The researchers found that dolphins would respond to the names of other dolphins to which they were related or with which they were associated, but they ignored the names of strangers. This discovery suggests a much greater degree of self-awareness in aquatic mammals than was previously suspected. If this research is accurate, what does it suggest about dolphins?
Answer:
They have a sense of self similar to that of humans.
Explanation:
Few animals such as apes, monkeys, elephants, and dolphins have shown that they have a sense of self. Generally this has been proved by the use of mirrors.
Here, the dolphins recognize the sounds as the names of their friends. They do not react to strangers' names. This means they recognized their own name. As they have associated themselves with a name they understand the concept of self.
Hence, the dolphins have a sense of self, similar to that of humans.
Dolphins communicate with each other using a variety of vocalizations and may have names for themselves. Marine biologists study dolphins and other marine life.
Explanation:Dolphins communicate with each other using a wide variety of vocalizations. Recent research suggests that dolphins have names for themselves and that they respond to the names of other dolphins with which they are associated. Marine biologists study dolphins and other life in the ocean.
James Madison and many of the Founders feared the influence of "popular passions" on overwhelming the public sphere and infringing upon the rights of groups with the minority position. To curb this threat, often referred to as majority tyranny, one of the goals of the founders was to __________.
Answer:
protect civil liberties through a constitutional system
Explanation:
Civil liberties relates to the guarantees and liberty which liberal governments commit not to abrogate without due process, either through legislation or judicial interpretation.
Civil liberties involves the right of ownership, the right to self-defense and the right of dignity of the body. There are variations between positive freedom / categorical imperatives and adverse freedom / negative rights inside the disparities between civil liberties as well as other forms of freedom.
Thus, from the above we can conclude that the ultimate goal of the founders was to protect these civil liberties.