In figure 33-5, identify the four chambers of the heart. then use them to describe the path through which blood travels in the heart.

Answer:

Explanation: At the molecular level, the universal genetic code and homologous molecules provide evidence of common descent.

Final answer:

Molecular biology can be used to trace the process of evolution by analyzing the molecules and DNA found in living things. Molecular clocks calculate differences in DNA sequences to determine relatedness and divergence time. Molecular biology provides features that reflect evolutionary lineage and ancestral relationships.

Explanation:

Molecular biology can be used to trace the process of evolution by analyzing the molecules and DNA found in living things. Scientists use molecular clocks, which calculate the number of differences in DNA sequences or amino acid sequences between species, to determine how closely related they are and when they diverged from a common ancestor. The fewer differences, the more recently two species split and began to evolve separately. Molecular biology also provides characteristics that are unlikely to be shaped by natural selection, allowing researchers to trace ancestry based on shared features.

C) evaporate off the water

Answer:

Absorption of water from soil

Explanation:

That's what the roots do :)

Absorption of water from soil  is not a function of the stem of a plant.

In botany, the stem is the axis of the plant that produces leaves, buds, and shoots that terminate in roots. The stem transports nutrients, water, and minerals to other plant parts. It can also store nutrients, and green stems can even manufacture their own food.

The principal vertical stalk in most plants is the stem, though it can vary in appearance and resemblance to other plant parts (e.g., underground stems may look like roots).

The stem's main jobs are to support the leaves, carry nutrients and water to the leaves so that photosynthesis can turn them into useful substances, and then carry those substances from the leaves to other sections of the plant, including the roots.

Therefore, Absorption of water from soil  is not a function of the stem of a plant.

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Answer:

the answer is: an inequality

Answer:

C. Six molecules of carbon dioxide plus six molecules of water plus light energy converts to six molecules of oxygen plus sugar.

Explanation:

Photosynthesis is the process in which green plants manufacture their food in the presence of carbondioxide and water using light energy. The product of photosynthesis is usually sugar and oxygen gas.

The equation is given below:

6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light energy ⇒C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

sugar

This is the equation of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is used by green plants which are autotrophs to manufacture their food.

"The correct option is C. Six molecules of carbon dioxide plus six molecules of water plus light energy converts to six molecules of oxygen plus sugar.

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy, usually from the sun, into chemical energy in the form of glucose (sugar). The overall chemical equation for photosynthesis can be written as follows:

[tex]\[ 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{light energy} \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \][/tex]

This equation shows that six molecules of carbon dioxide (COa‚) react with six molecules of water (HaO) in the presence of light energy to produce one molecule of glucose (C₆Hâ‚â‚‚O₆) and six molecules of oxygen (Oâ‚‚).

Let's analyze the options given:

A. This option incorrectly suggests that sugar is a reactant rather than a product.

B. This option incorrectly includes hydrogen (Hâ‚‚) as a reactant and omits carbon dioxide (COâ‚‚).

D. This option incorrectly suggests that oxygen (Oâ‚‚) is a reactant rather than a product and omits carbon dioxide (COâ‚‚).

Option C correctly identifies the reactants as carbon dioxide (COâ‚‚) and water (Hâ‚‚O), and the products as oxygen (Oâ‚‚) and glucose (sugar), with light energy being the driving force for the reaction."

Rinderpest disease is caused by a virus that affects hoofed animals, including cattle and wildebeest. In the 1950s, a cattle vaccination program was implemented to eradicate the disease in the Serengeti, and this led to dramatic changes in the populations of wildebeest and other species. The figure shows the number of wildebeest in the Serengeti ecosystem (shaded circles, left y-axis) and the prevalence (i.e., percentage) of individuals infected by rinderpest disease (unshaded squares and triangles, right y-axis) from 1958 to 2003.

Answer:

Independent Variable: temperature

dependent variable: chirps

Hypothesis: the lower the temperatures the less chirps

constants: temperature or food and water

repeated trails: success and failure

control:the experiment

Answer:

The myosin filament or more precisely the myosin head can now bind to the actin forming the cross bridges followed by a power stroke during which actin slides over myosin.

Explanation:

The muscle contraction can be explained by sliding filament theory bu Huxley and Huxley. The two muscle proteins which take part in muscle contraction are myosin and actin.

Myosin:  It is a hexameric protein. Each monomer is called meromyosin. Each meromyosin has two important parts, a globular head with a short arm and a tail. The head forms cross bridges with the actin filament. Myosin head acts as ATPase enzyme. When ATP binds, head acts as enzyme hydrolyzing the ATP to produce energy. The head also has the site for binding of actin.

Actin filament: It contains three proteins, filamentous actin, tropomyosin and troponin. Filamentous actin contains active site for myosin binding but at rest, tropmyosin covers the myosin binding site. This prevents the cross bridge formation. Tropomyosin are held in place by troponin molecules.

When calcium is available, the binding of calcium to a TpC sub-unit of troponin causes the shifting of tropomyosin-troponin complex. Now actin can attach to myosin head and slide over myosin.

The actin filaments slide over the myosin filament by the the formation of cross bridges and during this process the I-band gets reduced whereas the A band remain the same. The lengths of actin and myosin filaments remain unchanged.

Answer:

actin changes shape

Explanation:

ap ex

False. The closer the matching percentage is the earlier you will find a common ancestor.

mRNA carries genetic instructions from DNA to ribosomes, a process called transcription. Through this process, free RNA nucleotides pair with exposed DNA bases. Unique characteristics of RNA include the presence of uracil instead of thymine, ribose as its sugar, and its single-stranded nature.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic instruction that is transcribed from a specific gene in the DNA to the ribosomes. This process of producing mRNA from the DNA is called transcription. During transcription, the DNA molecule unwinds and separates, thereby exposing the nitrogenous bases. The free RNA nucleotides pair with the exposed bases. Unlike DNA, in RNA there is no thymine (T). Instead, uracil (U) pairs with adenine (A). RNA contains the sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose that is in DNA. The mRNA molecule is completed by the formation of phosphodiester bonds between the RNA nucleotides, and it then separates from the DNA. Unlike DNA, which is double-stranded, the mRNA molecule is a single strand.

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Answer:

B

Explanation:

Photosynthesis only takes place in the light, while cellular respiration takes place in the light and dark.

https://youtu.be/xmfhKbmQhq0

Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration Comparison

Answer:

Photosynthesis only takes place in the light, while cellular respiration takes place in the light and dark.

Explanation:

I found this really cool table of comparison, and second from the bottom it shows that Photosynthesis requires light while cellular respiration does not. This means it can occur in the light or dark (:

Our bodies use energy daily for essential functions such as breathing, maintaining basal metabolic rates (BMR), and cellular activities, which involve both minor muscle movements and major physical exertions. These activities highlight the importance of adequate nutrient intake to support energy production for bodily functions.

Every day, our bodies perform numerous tasks that require energy, illustrating the fundamental biological principle that all living things need resources and energy to carry out life processes. Here are three critical activities:

These activities underscore the importance of a balanced diet rich in nutrients that can be converted into ATP, the cellular energy needed for our bodies to function efficiently.

Answer:

A low point along an arete that acts as a pass between glacial valleys is a B. Col

Explanation:

Answer:

B. col.

Explanation:

A col is the lowest point (or dip) along an arête (a narrow ridge between two valleys), which serves as a pass from one side of a mountain range or ridge to another. A col is usually found between mountain peaks in a summit line, typically on a prominent ridge or arête. A col may also be referred to as a notch or a gap. An example of a col is the Indira Col on the Indira Ridge in Siachen Muztagh in the Karakoram Range.

Freshwater ecosystem examples are lakes, rivers, ponds, springs, wetlands and streams.

The arteries (red) carry oxygen and nutrients away from your heart, to your body's tissues. The veins (blue) take oxygen-poor blood back to the heart.

Increases in peripheral resistance, blood volume, and cardiac output result in higher blood pressure. Conversely decreases in any of these factors lead to lower blood pressure. Three main sources of peripheral resistance: Blood vessel diameter, blood viscosity, and total vessel length.

Cardiovascular Response to Exercise. As muscles begin exercising, the arterioles serving the muscle dilate to provide more blood flow. However, arterial pressure does not decrease because other parts of the cardiovascular system are adjusted to support the increased blood flow to the muscles.

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Final answer:

While running, a person's body increases blood flow to support increased oxygen and nutrient demands. The average radii of blood vessels increase, and the viscosity of the blood decreases to facilitate this. These changes enhance the delivery of oxygenated blood to active muscles.

Explanation:

When a person is running, the body's demand for oxygen and nutrients increases sharply. This demand is met by the cardiovascular system, which adjusts by increasing blood flow. During vigorous exercise such as running, the heart rate and blood pressure rise to pump more blood through the body. Additionally, there are changes at the microvascular level, where the arterioles and capillaries dilate—a process known as vasodilation. This increases the radius of the blood vessels, thereby reducing the resistance to blood flow. According to the principles of fluid dynamics, blood flow (Q) is directly proportional to the fourth power of the vessel radius (r) as per the formula Q = πr^4ΔP/8ηl, where ΔP is the pressure difference, η is the viscosity, and l is the length of the vessel. Therefore, during running, the average radii of blood vessels increases to accommodate the increased blood flow, which can be up to 10 times the resting rate, and the blood's viscosity decreases, allowing the blood to flow more easily.

Furthermore, due to the increased metabolic activity, the body also releases certain chemicals like nitric oxide which contribute to vasodilation. The overall effect is that more oxygenated blood reaches the muscles that are working hard during exercise. As a result, blood flow in the artery and other vessels increases, but it's important to note that this hyperemia, or increased blood flow, is tightly regulated and is a normal physiological response to exercise.

In contrast, the presence of plaques in the arteries can greatly reduce blood flow. A decrease in the vessel's radius due to plaque buildup can lead to a significant decrease in blood flow, which the body may attempt to compensate for by increasing blood pressure, but this can be hazardous to cardiovascular health. It's worth noting that during rest, the arterioles and capillaries also allow for an efficient exchange of substances due to their slower blood flow rate.

Answer:

b

Explanation:

The two parent pea plants are likely heterozygous for the pea color trait, meaning they each carry one dominant (yellow) and one recessive (green) allele. This would account for the observed offspring pea color ratios. So, the correct option is C.

The information given in the question suggests that the parent pea plants are both heterozygous for the pea color trait. This means that they each carry two different alleles for the pea color gene - one dominant (yellow) and one recessive (green). When they reproduce, each parent plant contributes one of these alleles to their offspring, resulting in an approximately 3:1 ratio of yellow to green peas in the offspring. This is a characteristic outcome of a Punnett square for parents that are heterozygous for a particular trait.

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Answer:

nitrogen fixation.

Explanation:

Nitrogen fixation is the process by which the combination of molecular nitrogen oxygen or hydrogen is given to give oxides or ammonium that can be incorporated into the biosphere. Molecular nitrogen, which is the majority component of the atmosphere, is inert and not directly usable by most living beings.

Answer:

D. Organism A and Organism B share more structural characteristics with one another than they do with Organism C.

Explanation:

Despite all three organisms being chordates, thus animals that have spines and bone structure, further into the phylogenetic tree they have evolved much differently, with A and B being mammals, while C being a type of bird.

Organisms A and B will have much more things in common, especially when it comes to the basic bone structure, and certain traits that define them as mammals, even if we are talking about a whale and a bat. Organism C on the other hand, will have much different structural features, used for different things, or even for the same ones but developed in a different manner.

Answer:D.

Organism A and Organism B share more structural characteristics with one another than they do with Organism C.

Explanation:

Answer:

The answer is 32.

Answer:

An organism with five pairs of chromosomes can have 32 genetic possibilities from independent assortment of its single gamete

Explanation:

An organism with five pairs of chromosomes can have 32 genetic possibilities from a variety independent of its single gamete.

To achieve this result, you just have to do a very simple calculation using formula 2ⁿ. In this formula, the number 2 indicates the number of possible gamete combinations, while the letter "n" indicates the number of haploid chromosomes the individual has. Thus, for the individual exposed in the above question, the letter "n" would be replaced by the number 5, indicating that: 2⁵ = 2x2x2x2x2 = 32.

Answer:

c. temperature of the gas

Explanation:

According to Bernoulli, in the kinetic theory the pressure of a gas is the consequence of the impacts of the particles of the gas towards the walls of the container in which it is located.

In the expressions PV = k T and P = m (v2) / 3V. If these two equations refer to the same reality, then kT = m (v2) / 3. From here we can say that the temperature of a gas, T = 2 / (3k) m (v2) / 2 is proportional to the average kinetic energy of its molecules.

Answer:

Reproducible

Explanation:

A conclusion of an experiment is accepted by scientific community when the same results can be obtained by repetition of experiment. Reproducible nature of results makes them scientifically acceptable. If the same result of an experiment cannot be obtained by some other scientists, the conclusion is considered to be affected by handling errors and other chance factors.

For a conclusion to be accepted by the scientific community, the data must be accurate, free from error, and reproducible.

In order for a conclusion to be accepted by the scientific community, the data must be accurate, free from error, and reproducible. These criteria are essential to ensure the reliability and validity of scientific findings. Accuracy means that the data reflects the true value or state of the phenomenon being studied. Freedom from error ensures that the data is not influenced by any measurement or sampling errors. Reproducibility means that the experiment or study can be repeated by other scientists and they would obtain similar results.

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In translation elongation, peptide bonds are formed between amino acids via the catalytic action of peptidyl transferase. This ribozyme facilitates bond formation between the amino group of the amino acid on the A-site tRNA and the carboxyl group of the amino acid on the P-site tRNA, using GTP for energy. The tRNA carrying the growing peptide moves from the A-site to the P-site, while the empty tRNA exits through the E-site.

The elongation process of the translation of mRNA is a critical phase in protein synthesis, during which peptide bonds are formed between amino acids. As tRNAs bring individual amino acids to the ribosome, the ribosome's movement from the A to the P to the E site is facilitated by conformational changes that move the ribosome along the mRNA strand.

The high-energy bond of each charge aminoacyl-tRNA is used when forming the peptide bond catalyzed by an RNA-based enzyme known as peptidyl transferase. This enzyme is a component of the 50S ribosomal subunit.

The process begins with the formation of a bond between the amino group of the amino acid on the A-site tRNA and the carboxyl group of the amino acid on the P-site tRNA. Via GTP hydrolysis, energy is provided to both the binding of the new aminoacyl-tRNA to the A-site and its subsequent translocation to the P-site following peptide bond formation.

After a peptide bond is formed, the tRNA that now carries the growing peptide chain moves from the A-site to the P-site. Concurrently, the P-site tRNA, which is now empty, moves to the E-site where it is then expelled, allowing the cycle to repeat and the polypeptide chain to elongate.

Answer:

The Answer Is C

Explanation:

Final answer:

The validity of the paper towel experiment is supported by consistent setup, methodological uniformity, reproducibility, and sufficient sample size. Assuming these criteria were met, the findings suggesting Bounty as the strongest brand is likely valid. Moreover, consistency and controlled conditions are critical for reliable scientific results in various experiments.

Explanation:

To ascertain the validity of the test results from Mrs. Smith's class experiment, one must consider certain criteria. Several factors contribute to the validity of the paper towel brand strength experiment:

Considering the information provided, we can assume the experiment was valid if these factors were followed. If all students reported Bounty as the strongest, and if the experiment was conducted under standardized and replicable conditions, this indicates a high likelihood of validity in the findings.

Furthermore, the experiments with the populations of beads, DNA amounts from fruits, airflow tests, and the force standards involving rubber bands also emphasize the importance of controlled conditions, replication, and accurate measurement to establish validity in experimental results. The phrase, 'Which experiment had the correct results? They both did. The job of the statistician is to see through the variability and draw appropriate conclusions'', suggests that multiple consistent outcomes lead to valid conclusions in scientific inquiry.

Answer:

1. c

2. a

3. d

4. c

5. b

6. a

7. a

8. c

9. d

10. c

11. a

12. b

13. d

14. d

Explanation:

Answer:

Electrochemical proton gradient

Explanation:

As electrons are passed from one protein complex to another in the mitochondria, the tapped energy is used to pump protons to the intermembrane space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membrane. This creates a proton motive forces whose potential is harnessed by the ATP synthase to phosphorylate ADP to ATP (the cell energy molecule).

Answer:

The electron transport chain reaction occurs in the cristae of the mitochondria.

Answer:

K-strategists

Explanation:

Reproductive pattern in organisms can be typically categorised into two:

1. K- Strategy

2. R- Strategy

K-strategists are organisms that lives in very stable environments and gives birth to fewer organisms. Most of these organisms reproduce close the carrying capacity of their habitat. They offer support and protection to their progeny to the points where they become indepedent. The mortality rate is very low in such organisms and so is the birth rate too.

R-strategists are organisms whose main aim is to populate and dominate an environment. They reproduce exponentially and offers no life support to their progeny in their early developmental stage. They often occupy unstable and highly unpredictable environments. Most R organisms have a very low and short life expectancy. Since they produce more offspring and they live under adverse environments, mortality rate is high.

Examples of K-strategists are elephants and man

Examples of R-stategists are grasses and microbes.

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Answer:

True

Explanation:

Allele frequency as the name says, basically indicates the relative frequency of a particular allele at a particular locus. This is mostly expressed in the form of percentage or fraction.

The formula for calculating it is:

          Allele frequency = no. of copies of allele at a particular location / total no. of all alleles for a gene in a population.

According to Hardy Weinberg theorem, if a population has constant allele frequency from one generation to another, it means that the population is evolving. So, as indicated in question that allele frequency is changing, it means that population is evolving.

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True, the shift in the allele frequency of d from 0.49 to 0.64 over successive generations in a population of peppered moths indicates that this population is not at equilibrium. The change in coloration, as a result of industrial soot affecting the environment, led to the rise in frequency of the darker moths as they had a higher survival rate. This change in allele frequency is an indication of evolution, as stated by Hardy-Weinberg principle.

True, this population is indeed evolving. The shift in the allele frequency from 0.49 to 0.64 in successive generations of peppered moths indicates that this population is not at equilibrium, hence it is evolving. This evolution occurs in response to changes in the environment that affect the survival and reproduction of the moths, a process referred to as natural selection.

The classic example provided by the peppered moth during the Industrial Revolution in England illustrates this. Prior to the onset of industrial factories, the moth population were predominately light in color, an advantageous trait that allowed them to blend into their surroundings of light-colored trees and lichens. However, the industrial soot emitted from the factories darkened the trees, rendering the light-colored moths more easily spotted by predatory birds. Consequently, the moths with the darker or 'melanic' form had higher survival rates as they were better adapted to the new, darker environmental conditions, hence increasing in frequency.

According to Hardy-Weinberg principle, if the frequencies of alleles or genotypes deviate from the value expected, then this indicates that the population is indeed evolving, as is the case here.

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Answer: D. year

Explanation:

The earth revolves around the sun. The Earth will take 365 days ( a year) to complete a full revolution.

Answer:

The answer is D. Year

If you add a drop of anti-A serum and it clumps the blood type has blood type B markers that will fight off the A serum making the blood type B....  

I got this because...  

there is A, B, AB, and O blood  

A has anti-B clumping proteins  

B has anti-A clumping proteins  

AB has no clumping proteins  

O has anti-A, anti-B, and anti-AB clumping proteins  

so the only on one with anti-A clumping proteins is blood type B  

hope this helps :)

The blood type that a blood sample showing clumps in anti-a serum, but not anti-b or anti-rh sera is A negative (A-) (Option A).

In conclusion, the blood type that a blood sample showing clumps in anti-a serum, but not anti-b or anti-rh sera is A negative (A-) (Option A).

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