In a recent experiment, anti-bacterial hand sanitizer was compared to hand soap. Students washed their hands using the sanitizer or soap and warm water for two minutes; then they dried their hands with a paper towel. The standard of comparison was rubbing hands vigorously for 2 minutes in warm water, without any soap or sanitizer, and then drying with a paper towel. The sanitizer advertisement claimed to kill bacteria more effectively than any soap. After washing, hands were swabbed and then the swab applied to a culture plate and incubated. Finally, the bacterial cultures were counted and recorded in the data table.

What would be a valid conclusion to draw from this data?

A) All methods are effective in killing bacteria.
B) Both soap brands out perform hand sanitizer in killing bacteria.
C) Warm water is as effective as soap or sanitizer in killing bacteria.
D) Hand sanitizer is more effective than either soap in killing bacteria.

Answer:

Compounds that are usually smaller and contain mainly ionic bonds are  inorganic compounds

Explanation:

Answer: The infectious diseases that are caused by protozoa include Chagas diseases, Human African Tripanosomiasis, and Leishmaniasis, among others. Chagas disease is a tropical parasitic disease caused by the Protist, Trypanosoma cruzi which spreads through insects like “kissing bugs”

Explanation:

Answer:

RNA moves the DNA code to the ribosomes for protein synthesis

Explanation:

Translation is the process by which mRNA is decoded and translated to produce a polypeptide sequence, otherwise known as a protein. This method of synthesizing proteins is directed by the mRNA and accomplished with the help of a ribosome, a large complex of ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and proteins. In translation, a cell decodes the mRNA genetic message and assembles the brand-new polypeptide chain. tRNA, translates the sequence of codons on the mRNA strand. The main function of tRNA is to transfer a free amino acid from the cytoplasm to a ribosome, where it is attached to the growing polypeptide chain. tRNAs continue to add amino acids to the growing end of the polypeptide chain until they reach a stop codon on the mRNA. The ribosome then releases the completed protein into the cell.

Answer:

RNA moves the DNA code to the ribosomes for protein synthesis

Explanation

Answer with Explanation:

The "atmosphere" consists of 4 layers. These layers are: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere and thermosphere. These layers are arranged from lowest to highest. As one goes up the space, the temperature in these layers changes.

These temperature changes happen because of many factors.

For example, in the troposphere, temperature decreases with height because the energy that comes from the sun is being absorbed in the ground. The ground, on the other hand, tries to release the absorbed energy. Thus, the temperature in the lower portion of the troposphere is warmer than in the higher portion. So it decreases with height.

When it comes to the stratosphere, the temperature increases with height because the ozone layer is located in here. This is because the ozone layer absorbs the ultraviolet rays (UV rays).

The mesosphere is similar to the troposphere because it contains concentrations of oxygen and nitrogen. Thus, temperature decreases with height.

The thermosphere is directly being heated by the sun, thus its temperature increases with height.

Answer:

When acid rain falls on the marble stone, it dissolve calcium when the acid present in the rain water react with the calcium of the marble stone.

Explanation:

Acid rain is formed when gases such as carbondioxode and sulfur dioxide etc that is emitted from vehicles and industries goes to the atmosphere and react with the water present in the form of clouds and formed the water acidic. When this water comes down to the earth, it damage many materials due to acid present in it.

Answer:

b or c im not sure sorry

Explanation:

Assuming the scale model of the Solar System is 1:10,000,000 (meaning each inch on the model represents 10,000,000 inches in the actual Solar System), we can use the following steps to estimate the distance from the Sun (represented by an 8-inch ball) to Neptune in the model:

Find the actual diameter of the Sun in miles. According to NASA, the diameter of the Sun is about 864,938 miles.

Divide the actual diameter of the Sun by the scale factor to find the diameter of the Sun in the model.

864,938 miles / 10,000,000 = 0.0864938 inches

The diameter of the Sun in the model is about 0.086 inches (rounded to three decimal places).

Find the actual distance from the Sun to Neptune in miles. According to NASA, the average distance from the Sun to Neptune is about 2.8 billion miles.

Divide the actual distance from the Sun to Neptune by the scale factor to find the distance from the Sun to Neptune in the model.

2.8 billion miles / 10,000,000 = 280 inches

Therefore, in the scale model of the Solar System where the Sun is represented by a ball with a diameter of about 8 inches, Neptune would be about 280 inches away.

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A transgenic organism is one which has had DNA from one organism incorporated into another, enabling a new trait or function. This does not remove any part of the original DNA, nor does it involve selective breeding. The correct option is A.

A transgenic organism is best described by option A. In this case, DNA from one organism is incorporated into another, creating a new genetically modified organism. The organism receiving the DNA now has a new trait or function that it didn't originally have, depending on the DNA that was introduced. This process is extensively used in modern biotechnology, for instance in introducing herbicide resistance in plants, or producing insulin in bacteria. It's essential to note that this process doesn't remove or delete any part of the original DNA, it adds to it. Furthermore, it's also distinct from option C, which describes selective breeding, not transgenic modification.

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A transgenic organism is best described by option A: DNA from one or more organisms is put into another. This involves the use of biotechnology to introduce foreign DNA into an organism. This process is widely used in research, agriculture, and medicine.

Answer:

habitat

Explanation:

The area where an organism lives its life including the living and nonliving factors is known as the Habitat.

Habitat may be defined as a type of natural environment for which a particular species is best adapted due to natural selection. It may also be characterized as the area where the basic demands of an organism are fulfilled like food, shelter, space, mating partner, etc.

It is an ecological principle that no organism can have the ability to survive outside of its habitat for a long time. This is because it is a set of environmental conditions or factors which are extremely favorable for an organism in order to survive and reproduce naturally.

Therefore, the habitat is the area an organism lives its life including the living and nonliving factors.

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Answer:

Career counselling is one of the best methods which can help students to develop a career in their field of interest. While choosing a career, the students should keep in mind that they should chose the option in which they are interested. The students should spend time in exploring different careers in their field of interest and choose accordingly.

Protein structure change due to many factors, change in pH and temperature can cause change in the structure of the protein.

Thus, factors such a temperature, pH, solvation, primary and secondary structures etc.

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Answer:

D

Explanation:

Dhdhdh

Answer:

The respiratory system.

Explanation:

The circulatory system works with the respiratory system. The circulatory system transports oxygen through the body, while the respiratory system supplies the body with that oxygen.

I hope this helps. Happy studying. :)

Answer: (+1) for each H and (-2) for each O, (+4) for Se

Explanation:

A) Polaris is much farther from Earth than the Sun -is the reason why Polaris although about 46 times larger than the Sun, the Sun appears brighter than Polaris from Earth.

Explanation:

Astronomers define the brightness of a star based on its apparent magnitude and absolute magnitude. The apparent magnitude tells about how bright does a star looks from the Earth. The absolute magnitude of star is its brightness or magnitude at a standard distance of 10 parsecs or 32.6 light-years.  

Accordingly,  

The apparent magnitude of Sun is 26.74; while that of Polaris is 2.02

The absolute magnitude of Sun is 4.63; while that of Polaris is 3.6

The Sun is at a distance of 0.000015649 light years from the Earth; while the Polaris is 434 light years from the Earth. A star appears brighter from the Earth due to the closeness of the star to the Earth.

All these factors make the Sun appear brighter than the Polaris .

Answer:

Energy in an ecosystem is mainly made by the producers of an ecosystem. The net primary productivity in an ecosystem depends on many factors. Some of them are:

Final answer:

Ecosystem productivity is mainly influenced by abiotic factors such as temperature and moisture, with net primary productivity being a key measure. Warm, wet climates lead to higher productivity, while extreme conditions result in lower levels. These factors dictate the type and abundance of plant and animal life in various biomes.

Explanation:

Factors that influence ecosystem productivity are primarily determined by abiotic factors like temperature, moisture, and availability of resources. In terrestrial environments, net primary productivity is a critical measure, representing the rate at which plants produce organic matter through photosynthesis minus what is used during cellular respiration. This productivity is largely dependent upon conditions favoring plant growth, such as warm and wet climates that facilitate efficient photosynthesis, enzymatic activity, and minimal water loss through transpiration.

Biomes such as tropical rainforests exhibit high net primary productivity due to optimal growth conditions. In contrast, environments such as deserts or tundra biomes, with extreme temperatures and limited water, display much lower levels of primary productivity. This, in turn, affects the type and abundance of animal life they can support. Consequently, changes in abiotic factors like climate can have significant impacts on the productivity of ecosystems worldwide.

Answer:

oxygen

organ

Potency

pluripotent

unicellular

Student answers will vary. As an example, a group of neurons together may form nervous tissue. Nervous tissue can be found all over the body, but a large collection of it is located in the brain. The brain is a complex organ composed of nervous tissue. The brain is part of the organ system known as the nervous system.

Explanation:

penn foster

The given blanks can be filled as follows:

1. The Red blood cells or RBCs can be defined as the specialized cells which are responsible for transporting carbon dioxide and oxygen throughout the body.

The component hemoglobin present in the red blood cells is responsible for carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide

2. An organ can be defined as a structure that is composed of two or more tissues similar tissues that work color in order to achieve a common function.

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Answer:

Peyer's patch

Explanation:

Answer:

When dog excrement reach the bodies of water transported by rainwater, producing the rapid growth of algae, this process is called eutrophication, and involves the crowd out other organisms in the ecosystem.

Explanation:

The dog's excrement contains nitrogen and phosphorus, which produces the enrichment of the body of water, and allows the development of algae in them.

Eutrophication consists of the process by which a water source acquires nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus, which promote the growth of algae, in addition to the increase of other life forms, altering the existing ecosystem.

This process usually occurs with agricultural runoff, where fertilizer residues reach the water and produce its enrichment. It's also possible to observe eutrophication when excrement or other natural waste, rich in nitrogen and phosphorus, reaches a water source.

Eutrophication is also called hypertrophication.

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Answer:

crossing over, process in genetics by which the two chromosomes of a homologous pair exchange equal segments with each other. Crossing over occurs in the first division of meiosis . At that stage each chromosome has replicated into two strands called sister chromatids. The two homologous chromosomes of a pair synapse, or come together. While the chromosomes are synapsed, breaks occur at corresponding points in two of the non-sister chromatids, i.e., in one chromatid of each chromosome. Since the chromosomes are homologous, breaks at corresponding points mean that the segments that are broken off contain corresponding genes , i.e., alleles. The broken sections are then exchanged between the chromosomes to form complete new units, and each new recombined chromosome of the pair can go to a different daughter sex cell. Crossing over results in recombination of genes found on the same chromosome, called linked genes, that would otherwise always be transmitted together. Because the frequency of crossing over between any two linked genes is proportional to the chromosomal distance between them, crossing over frequencies are used to construct genetic, or linkage, maps of genes on chromosomes. Mutations , temperature changes, and radiation all affect crossing over frequency. Under the microscope, a crossover has the appearance of an X and is called a chiasma.

Explanation:

Answer:

D. variation.

Explanation:

In order for natural selection to occur, Charles Darwin stated we must begin with a population that has genetic variation. The genetic variation allows some members of the population to have traits, like a certain color, that helps them to survive. If an organism survives, it reproduces, and then passes those traits on to the offspring.

For natural selection to occur as defined by Charles Darwin, there needs to be genetic variation within a population of organisms. When a certain trait provides a survival advantage, it becomes more common over generations through the process of natural selection.

In order for natural selection to occur, Charles Darwin indeed stated that we must begin with a population of organisms that possesses diverse genetic variation. This genetic variability within a population is vital for natural selection, as it represents different adaptations of the organisms to their environment. When a certain trait gives an organism an advantage in survival and reproduction in a particular environment, this trait would increase its frequency in the population over generations through the process of natural selection. For instance, if a species of birds exists where some have short beaks and others long, and if long beaks turn out to be more advantageous in obtaining food, then the long-beaked birds will have a higher survival rate and thus more offspring. Over generations, the prevalence of long beak will increase in the population thus illustrating natural selection.

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Infinite variety in the living world, known as biological diversity, is a result of evolutionary processes and mutations that allow organisms to adapt to different environments. These adaptations lead to a range of species that can survive under various conditions, thus contributing to the vast diversity of life on Earth.

The question 'why is there infinite variety in the living world?' touches on the concept of biological diversity, which refers to the multitude of different species of plants, animals, and microorganisms that exist on Earth, as well as the complexity of ecosystems they form. There are over a million known species, and scientists estimate that this is just a fraction of the total number that exists. The vast variety of life is attributed to evolution and the concept of mutation, where random changes in genetic material create new traits that can be advantageous for survival. Organisms that are better suited to their environment tend to have greater reproductive success, as per the principles of natural selection. Over time, as environments change, the process of natural selection favors the survival of organisms that have beneficial mutations, leading to a rich diversity of species adapted to a wide range of environments.

Environmental changes can be both gradual and sudden, such as natural disasters, which also play a role in shaping the diversity of life. Species diversity ensures that at least some life forms can survive and thrive amidst various environmental shifts. The biodiversity we observe today is a snapshot of a dynamic, ongoing process of species adaptation and evolution.

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Answer:

The rock cycle is a basic concept in geology that describes transitions through geologic time among the three main rock types: sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous. Each rock type is altered when it is forced out of its equilibrium conditions. For example, an igneous rock such as basalt may break down and dissolve when exposed to the atmosphere, or melt as it is subducted under a continent. Due to the driving forces of the rock cycle, plate tectonics and the water cycle, rocks do not remain in equilibrium and change as they encounter new environments. The rock cycle explains how the three rock types are related to each other, and how processes change from one type to another over time. This cyclical aspect makes rock change a geologic cycle and, on planets containing life, a biogeochemical cycle.

Answer:

basic concept in geology that describes traditions through geologic time among the three main rock types.

Explanation:

it is formed under extreme pressure and temperature deep inside mountain chains.

The stage of the cell cycle could be mitosis, cytokinesis, or interphase, depending on the cell's current activities and appearance. Mitosis is where the nucleus divides, cytokinesis is where the cytoplasm splits into two new cells, and interphase is a preparatory phase where the cell grows and DNA replicates.

The question seems to be asking at which stage of the cell cycle a particular cell is, but without a visual representation or further details, it's impossible to definitively say. However, let's explain what happens in each stage. Mitosis is the part of the cell cycle in which the nucleus of the cell divides. It's generally preceded by interphase and followed by cytokinesis. Cytokinesis is the stage where the cell's cytoplasm splits, creating two separate cells. Meanwhile, interphase is the phase in which a cell prepares and grows before mitosis, and it also is the stage where DNA replication occurs. Hence, a cell could be in any of these phases based on its activities and appearance.

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The cell is in the stage of mitosis.

The correct option is (a).

- Mitosis is the phase of the cell cycle where the cell divides its nucleus into two identical nuclei.

- During mitosis, the chromosomes condense, align at the metaphase plate, separate into two sets, and move to opposite poles of the cell.

- This stage is crucial for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction in organisms.

- Mitosis is followed by cytokinesis, where the cytoplasm divides, resulting in two daughter cells with identical genetic material.

- Interphase, the longest phase of the cell cycle, precedes mitosis, during which the cell prepares for division by growing, replicating DNA, and performing its normal cellular functions.

Answer:

the correct one is D :)

A species is moved from the endangered list to the extinct list describes the worst-case scenario. So, the correct option is D.

A species that is threatened with extinction in the not-too-distant future, either globally or within a certain political jurisdiction, is known as an endangered species. Invasive species, habitat degradation, poaching, and other issues may put endangered animals in danger.

An organism that faces extinction is referred to as an endangered species. The two main factors that cause a species to become endangered are habitat loss and genetic diversity loss. An organism that faces extinction is referred to as an endangered species. The two main factors that cause a species to become endangered are habitat loss and genetic diversity loss.

Therefore, the correct option is D.

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Answer: The closer light was appeared (or looked) brighter

Explanation:

The students notice that the closer flashlight appeared brighter. This perception is due to a physical law known as the Inverse Square Law, which explains that light intensity decreases with distance.

In the classroom scenario presented, the students notice that the closer light appears brighter than the light which is farther away. This is because of a known concept in physics called the Inverse Square Law, which states that the intensity of a light (in this case, or radiation) drops significantly as you move further from the source. So, even though both Maurice and Jessica have identical flashlights, the light from Jessica's flashlight appears less bright due to the increased distance.

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Answer:

Ancient single-celled organisms competed for food, energy and raw materials. Natural selection favored cells that could compete effectively.

Explanation:

The theory of natural selection explains how organisms with the best characteristics are able to survive in an environment and pass on their characteristics to their organisms. Through the phenomenon of natural selection, evolution occurs and species tend to evolve into new species. The same phenomenon goes for the cells. Ancient prokaryotes competed for food, energy an other materials. Those prokaryotic cells which were better adapted were favoured by natural selection.

Final answer:

The statement selected is Ancient single-celled organisms competed for food, energy, and raw materials. Natural selection favored cells that could compete effectively.

Explanation:

The specialized parts of cells, such as the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes, have evolved to their current form through a process known as endosymbiosis and natural selection.

This complex endomembrane system is essential for the various functions within the cell, including protein synthesis, modification, and transport of lipids and proteins. Infoldings in the plasma membrane of ancestral cells are believed to have given rise to different membrane-bound organelles.

Over time, these organelles have become more specialized as cells adapted to different needs and functions. Cells such as muscle cells and pancreatic cells have varying amounts of mitochondria and ribosomes, respectively, to meet their energy and enzyme production requirements.

Such specialization ensures efficient functioning and survival of the cell in its environment.

What grade is this,i did not get a chance to see

The bubbles released by the elodea plant during photosynthesis are oxygen. With increase in light intensity, the rate of photosynthesis increases. Other factors like CO2 concentration, water availability, and temperature could impact the rate of photosynthesis and experiments can be designed to test these.

1) The bubbles that the elodea released are made of oxygen. This is a byproduct of photosynthesis.

2) Based on the data collected, we can conclude that as light intensity increases, so does the rate of photosynthesis. This is represented by the increasing number of bubbles (oxygen) being produced with each increase in light intensity.

3) Another way to test the light intensity could be by changing the distance of the light from the plant. The procedure would involve keeping the light of same wattage and varying the distance from the plant for each trial, and counting the number of bubbles released.

4) Other potential factors that might affect the rate of photosynthesis include carbon dioxide concentration, water availability, and temperature.

5) Hypothesis: If the carbon dioxide concentration were increased, then the rate of photosynthesis would increase.

6) To test this hypothesis, an experiment could be designed where the Elodea plant is exposed to environments with different carbon dioxide concentrations while keeping all other factors constant. The number of bubbles released would then be counted over the time of exposure to each concentration, to compare the rate of photosynthesis.

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