Answer:
4.00 moles
Explanation:
Avogadro´s number is 6.022 x 10²³ molecules, atoms, particles, etc.
Here we are talking of atoms of copper, so 1 mol of copper is equal to 6.022 x 10²³ atoms, and we only need to setup the proportion to find the number of mol in 2.41 x 10²⁴ atoms. ( Think of it like a dozen, avogadro´s is 6.022 x 10²³ )
( 1 mol copper/ 6.022 x 10²³ atoms of copper ) x 2.41 x 10²⁴ atoms
= 4.00 moles
A laboratory procedure requires 4.67 g of a liquid whose density is 1.034 g/mL. What volume of liquid should be used for this procedure?
Answer:
4.51 mL of volume would required
Explanation:
Density is relation between mass and volume
D = mass / volume
If mass is 4.67 g, let's replace the data in the formula to find out the volume.
1.034 g/mL = 4.67 g / volume
Volume = 4.67 g / 1.034 g/mL → 4.51 mL
To find the volume of the liquid needed for the procedure, divide the mass (4.67 g) by the density (1.034 g/mL) to get approximately 4.52 mL.
Explanation:To determine the volume of a liquid needed given its mass and density, we can use the formula: Volume = Mass / Density. Using the provided values, the density of the liquid is 1.034 g/mL, and the mass required for the procedure is 4.67 g. The volume can be calculated by dividing the mass by the density.
Volume = 4.67 g / 1.034 g/mL = 4.5153 mL
Therefore, the volume of the liquid that should be used for this procedure is approximately 4.52 mL, rounding to two decimal places to match the precision of the given mass.
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In terms of what occurs at the particulate level, explain how the temperature of the water increases after the alloy sample is added.
The temperature of the water increases when an alloy is added due to heat transfer from the hot alloy to the cooler water, causing water particles' kinetic energy to increase. Also, water has a higher specific heat than metals, so it absorbs more heat, further increasing its temperature. Both the higher kinetic energy and absorption of heat contribute to the rise in water temperature.
Explanation:The increase in the temperature of water when an alloy is added can be understood in the context of the heat transfer process and changes in particle motion. At the particulate level, when the alloy sample is added to the water, there is a transfer of thermal energy from the alloy which is at a high temperature, to the water, which has a lower temperature. This takes place until both the water and the alloy reach equilibrium temperatures.
The heat transfer process causes the particles of water to start vibrating rapidly, thereby increasing their average kinetic energy. This increase in kinetic energy of the water particles manifests as an increase in its temperature. This occurrence is based on the principle that an increase in thermal energy in a sample of matter, with no phase change or chemical reaction involved, will result in an increase in its temperature.
Specific heat plays a significant role in this process. Water has a higher specific heat than most metals. This means it takes more energy to increase the temperature of water than it does to increase the temperature of the alloy. Therefore, when an alloy (or any object with low specific heat) at high temperature is added to water, the water absorbs more heat, which leads to an increase in temperature.
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The temperature of the water increases after the alloy sample is added due to the transfer of kinetic energy from the atoms in the alloy to the water molecules.
When the alloy sample is added to the water, the alloy is typically at a higher temperature than the water. At the particulate level, this means that the atoms within the alloy are moving with greater kinetic energy than the water molecules. The kinetic energy of particles is directly related to temperature; higher kinetic energy corresponds to a higher temperature.
As the alloy and water systems come into contact, collisions occur between the energetic alloy atoms and the less energetic water molecules. During these collisions, kinetic energy is transferred from the alloy atoms to the water molecules. This energy transfer results in an increase in the average kinetic energy of the water molecules, which manifests as an increase in the water's temperature.
This process continues until thermal equilibrium is reached, meaning that the alloy and the water reach the same temperature. At this point, the average kinetic energy of the alloy atoms and the water molecules is equalized, and there is no further net transfer of energy between the two. The overall effect is that the water's temperature has risen to a value between its initial temperature and the initial temperature of the alloy.
If nutrients move into and out of ecosystems they can do so from various sources. Select which of the following is an example of nutrient input into a terrestrial ecosystem? Select all that apply:A. Nutrients dissolved in rain.B. Nitrogen fixation by bacteria.C. Chemical weathering of rocks by organic acids released by plant roots.
Answer:
Options (A), (B) and (C)
Explanation:
In an ecosystem, the transfer of nutrients takes place from one place o another. This input and output of nutrients continuously takes place in the ecosystem.
The rainwater is also essential as it carries a certain amount of valuable nutrients such as calcium, fluoride, magnesium, and iron that are mixed with water, and this enriches the fertility of the soil and the water is taken up by the roots of the plants for the growth and expansion of plants. The nitrogen-fixing bacteria refers to those micro-organisms that are present in the soil and helps in the conversion of the atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen compounds, which are helpful for the enhancement of the soil fertility. Chemical weathering usually refers to the process by which the rocks disintegrates due to the effect of chemical reactions. The micro-organisms and the plant roots release some acids sometimes that react with the rocks and help in breakdown releasing the nutrients that are stored in the rocks. This eventually mixes up with the soil and increases the quality of the soil.Thus, the correct answers are options (A), (B) and (C).
Examples of nutrient input into a terrestrial ecosystem include nutrients dissolved in rain, nitrogen fixation by bacteria, and chemical weathering of rocks by organic acids released by plant roots.
Explanation:An example of nutrient input into a terrestrial ecosystem includes:
Nutrients dissolved in rain: Rain can carry dissolved nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus from the atmosphere into the soil, providing a source of nutrients for plants and other organisms.Nitrogen fixation by bacteria: Certain bacteria called nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that can be used by plants. This process provides plants with a source of nitrogen for growth.Chemical weathering of rocks by organic acids released by plant roots: Organic acids released by plant roots can break down rocks, releasing nutrients such as potassium and calcium into the soil.Learn more about Nutrient input into a terrestrial ecosystem here:https://brainly.com/question/31232676
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Water is a liquid at room temperature rather than a gas primarily due to it being a very heavy molecule hydrogen bonding between molecules it being nonpolar a low density.
Answer: water is a liquid at room temperature because of the hydrogen bonding between its molecule.
Questions 3,4,5
Brainlist
Answer:
3. 126.02 g of H₂S and 1109.2 g of NaI
4. 364.5g of Mg
5. 361.08 g of MgSO₄ and 108 g of H₂O
Explanation:
3. This is the reaction
2HI + Na₂S → H₂S + 2NaI
7.4 moles of HI react, so, ratio is 2:1 with H₂S and 2:2 with NaI
We would produce the same moles of NaI, 7.4 moles and the half of moles, of H₂S (7.4 /2) = 3.7 moles
Let's convert the moles to mass (mol . molar mass)
3.7 mol H₂S . 34.06 g/mol = 126.02 g
7.4 mol NaI . 149.9 g/mol = 1109.2 g
4. The balanced reaction is this:
3Mg + N₂ → Mg₃N₂
Ratio is 1:3. Therefore 1 mol of Mg₃N₂ were produced by 3 moles of Mg.
So, 5 moles of Mg₃N₂ would have been produced by 15 moles of Mg. (5 .3)
Let's convert the moles to mass (moles . molar mass)
15 mol . 24.30 g/mol = 364.5 g
5. The reaction is: H₂SO₄ + Mg(OH)₂ → MgSO₄ + 2H₂O
Ratios are 1:1 and 1:2, between sulfuric acid and the products.
If I have 3 moles of acid, I would produce 3 moles of magnessium sulfate and 6 moles of water (3 .2)
Let's convert the moles to mass
3 mol . 120.36 g/mol = 361.08 g of MgSO₄
6 mol . 18 g/mol = 108 g of H₂O
What NaCl NaCl concentration results when 249 mL 249 mL of a 0.850 M 0.850 M NaCl NaCl solution is mixed with 667 mL 667 mL of a 0.420 M 0.420 M NaCl NaCl solution?
Answer:
The answer to your question is 0.54M
Explanation:
Data
Final concentration = ?
Concentration 1 = 0.850 M
Volume 1 = 249 ml = 0.249 l
Concentration 2 = 0.420 M
Volume 2 = 0.667 M
Process
1.- Calculate the number of moles in both solutions
Number of moles 1 = Molarity 1 x Volume 1
= 0.850 x 0.249
= 0.212
Number of moles 2 = Molarity 2 x Volume 2
= 0.420 x 0.667
= 0.280
Total number of moles = 0.212 + 0.280
= 0.492
2.-Calculate the final volume
Final volume = Volume 1 + Volume 2
Final volume = 0.249 + 0.667
= 0.916 l
3.- Calculate Molarity
Molarity = 0.492 / 0.916
Molarity = 0.54
I'll reward brainliest to whoever can answer this question. :-)
Using the following diagram, determine which of the statements below is true:
The activation energy for the forward reaction is −60 J.
The overall energy change for the forward reaction is −20 J.
The activation energy for the reverse reaction is −80 J.
The overall energy change for the reverse reaction is −40 J.
Answer:
A B and C
Explanation:
Cosmic rays are:_______.A) high energy radiation produced by the sun.B) high energy radiation produced in the ozone layer.C) high energy radiation produced by the earth's core.D) none of these
Answer:
Option (A)
Explanation:
Cosmic radiations are usually defined as a type of radiations that is comprised of high-energy photons and carry harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. These are emitted from the sun at a speed that is equivalent to the speed of the light.
When these radiations are incident on earth, it interacts with the upper atmosphere, resulting in the emission of charged particles such as pions, which undergoes decay and releases other smaller particles, commonly known as muons.
Thus, the correct answer is option (A).
Aqueous hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacts with solid sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to produce aqueous sodium chloride (NaCl) and liquid water (H2O) . If 9.17g of water is produced from the reaction of 21.1g of hydrochloric acid and 43.6 of sodium hydroxide, calculate the percent yield of water.
Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits in it.
The percent yield of water in the chemical reaction involving hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, given that we start with 21.1g of hydrochloric acid and 43.6g of sodium hydroxide and end up with 9.17g of water, is 88.2%
Explanation:The question pertains to a chemical reaction involving hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) yielding sodium chloride (NaCl) and water (H2O). In this reaction, given that we produce 9.17g of water from 21.1g of hydrochloric acid and 43.6g of sodium hydroxide, we are asked to calculate the percent yield of water.
To calculate percent yield, you must first determine the theoretical yield based on the stoichiometry of the chemical equation. In this case, the equation is balanced such that one mole of HCl reacts with one mole of NaOH to produce one mole of H2O. Given the molar masses of HCl (36.46 g/mol), H2O (18.02 g/mol), the theoretical yield of H2O is (21.1g HCl * 1 mol H2O/36.46g HCl) = 0.578 mol H2O = 10.4g H2O.
Second, divide the actual yield (9.17g water) by the theoretical yield (10.4g water) and multiply by 100 to get the percent yield: (9.17/10.4) * 100 = 88.173%, or rounded to three significant figures, 88.2%
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To calculate the percent yield of water in the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, we must determine the theoretical yield based on stoichiometry and compare it to the actual yield of 9.17g of water using the formula Percent Yield = (Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield) x 100%.
The reaction between aqueous hydrochloric acid (HCl) and solid sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to produce aqueous sodium chloride (NaCl) and liquid water (H2O) is a typical acid-base neutralization reaction. This is represented by the balanced chemical equation:
HCl(aq) + NaOH(s) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
To calculate the percent yield of water in this reaction, we first need to determine the theoretical yield. The theoretical yield is the amount of product that should be produced if the reaction goes to completion with no losses. We can calculate the theoretical yield using the molar masses of the reactants and the stoichiometry of the balanced chemical equation. Once we have the theoretical yield, we can compare it to the actual yield (9.17g of water) to find the percent yield using the following formula:
Percent Yield = (Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield) x 100%
We'll consider the balanced equation and note that the stoichiometry is one-to-one for hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide to water. We'll then use the molar masses to convert the mass of each reactant to moles, and then identify the limiting reactant - the reactant that will be completely consumed first and thus determine the maximum amount of product that can be formed.
Given that 21.1g of hydrochloric acid (molar mass = 36.46 g/mol) and 43.6g of sodium hydroxide (molar mass = 40.00 g/mol) are reacting, calculations will show which one is the limiting reactant. After identifying the limiting reactant, we can find the theoretical yield of water and then the percent yield.
Although all protein structures are unique, there are common structural building blocks that are referred to as regular secondary structures. Some have alpha helices, some have beta sheets, and still others have a combination of both. What makes it possible for proteins to have these common structural elements?
Answer:
The explanation is provided below
Explanation:
This is possible because proteins result from the polymerization of amino acids, which have repeated arrangements of amino acid s residue in the long polypeptide chain. Also, the bonding force resulting between hydrogen bonds, amide hydrogen and the carbonyl oxygen of the peptide backbone makes it stable, flexible and dimensional.
Answer:
Hydrogen bonds across their molecules.
Explanation:
Proteins can be defined as large molecules which consist of one or more chains of amino acid. Proteins perform a whole lot of functions within an organism and they are include; enzymes for catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, in structuring cells and transport molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another due to their sequence of amino acids which is governed by the nucleotide acids (DNA and RNA) which usually results in protein folding into a specific three-dimensional structure. There are 2 types of this three-dimensional structure of protein and they are:
1. Alpha helical structure: Amino acids vary in their ability to form secondary structure elements. Not all amino acids promote regularity, Proline and glycine are sometimes known as "helix breakers" because they interrupt the regularity an alpha helical conformation. Amino acids that promote this helical conformations are glutamate, lycine, methionine, alanine etc.
2. Beta pleated structure: They form a syretch of polypeptides and they are held hy 2 or 3 hydrogen bonds.
You start with an equimolar mixture of the gases SO₂ and O₂ in a container. The SO₂ and O₂ react to completion to form SO₃. If the temperature after the reaction is 25°C and the pressure in the container is 1.25 atm, what is the density of the product gas mixture? Assume ideal behavior.
Explanation:
The given reaction is as follows.
[tex]SO_{2} + O_{2} \rightarrow SO_{3}[/tex]
Now, balancing the given equation by putting appropriate coefficients.
[tex]2SO_{2} + O_{2} \rightarrow 2SO_{3}[/tex]
It is given that equimolar [tex]SO_{2}[/tex] and [tex]O_{2}[/tex]. Hence,
Therefore, during completion of the reaction,
[tex]SO_{2} + O_{2} \rightarrow SO_{3} + \frac{1}{2}O_{2}[/tex]
Temperature (T) = [tex]25^{o}C[/tex] = (25 + 273) K = 298 K
Pressure (P) = 1.75 atm
R (gas constant) = 0.0820 L atm/mol K
As on completion of reaction there is [tex]O_{2}[/tex] and [tex]SO_{3}[/tex] remains in the mixture. Therefore, molar mass of the mixture is equal to the sum of molar mass of
Total molar mass = [tex]O_{2} + SO_{3}[/tex]
= (32 + 80) g/mol
= 112 g/mol
Hence, according to the formula we will calculate the density as follows.
Density = [tex]\frac{P \times \text{molar mass}}{R \times T}[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{1.25 atm \times 112 g/mol}{0.0820 Latm/mol K \times 298 K}[/tex]
= 5.73 g/L
Thus, we can conclude that density of the product gas mixture is 5.73 g/L.
Answer:
d = 3.27g/L
Explanation:
[tex]2SO_{2} + O_2 => 2SO_3[/tex]
ICF table
2SO_{2} + O_2 => 2SO_3
initial 1 mol 1 mol 0 mol
change -1 mol 0.5 mol 1 mol
final 0 mol 0.5 mol 1 mol
calculate the mole fractions
[tex]X_O_2 = \frac{0.5 mol}{1.5 mol} = \frac{1}{3}\\\\X_S_O_3 = \frac{1 mol}{1.5 mol} = \frac{2}{3}\\[/tex]
[tex]\frac{n}{V} = \frac{P}{RT} = 0.0511 mol / L\\\\d = \frac{n}{RT} * X_O_2 * MM_O_2 + X_S_O_3 * MM_S_O_3\\\\d = (0.0511 mol/L) * (\frac{1}{3} mol * 32.0 g/mol + \frac{2}{3} * 80.06 g/mol)\\\\d = 3.27 g/L[/tex]
________ are particularly polarizable.
a. Small polar molecules
b. Large polar molecules
c. Small nonpolar molecules
d. Large nonpolar molecules
e. Large molecules, regardless of their polarity,
Answer:
Large molecules, regardless of their polarity,
Explanation:
Large molecules are easily polarizable. Polarizability has to do with the distortion of the cloud in a molecule. The larger a molecule is, the more polarizable it is. For instance among the halogen gases I2 (iodine gas) is the most polarizable being the largest molecule in the group even though it is a homonuclear molecule.
Option b- Large polar molecules are more polarizable due to their larger electron clouds, which can be more easily distorted by external electric fields. In contrast, smaller molecules and large nonpolar molecules are less polarizable because they have smaller or more tightly-bound electron clouds.
Explanation:Large polar molecules are particularly polarizable. Polarizability refers to the ability of a molecule to have its electron cloud distorted by an external electric field, which depends largely on the size and shape of the molecule and its electron cloud. Large, polar molecules have larger electron clouds, which can more easily be distorted, and thus are more polarizable. Smaller molecules, whether polar or not, and large nonpolar molecules are all less polarizable by comparison because they have smaller or more tightly-held electron clouds. For example, something like iodine trifluoride (IF3) would be more polarizable than water (H2O), because it is a larger, polar molecule.
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The terms Q and K describe mass action for reactions at non-equilibrium and equilibrium conditions, respectively. For a forward reaction to being favored in a living cell, which of the following statements must be true?
a. The value of K must be less than that of Q.
b. The value of Q must be less than that of K.
c. No conclusion can be drawn about Q and K for a favorable process.
d. None of the listed statements are true; cells are at equilibrium.
Answer:
Q should be less than K for the forward reaction to be favoured (option C)
Explanation:
Since the standard gibbs free energy is
ΔG = ΔG⁰ + RT*ln Q
where Q= [P1]ᵃ.../([R1]ᵇ...) , representing the ratio of the product of concentration of chemical reaction products P and the product of concentration of chemical reaction reactants R
when the system reaches equilibrium ΔG=0 and Q=Keq
0 = ΔG⁰ + RT*ln Q → ΔG⁰ = (-RT*ln Keq)
therefore the first equation also can be expressed as
ΔG = RT*ln (Q/Keq)
since R and T are always positive :
ΔG<0 if Q<Keq and ΔG>0 if Q>Keq ( thus the reverse reaction is favoured)
therefore Q should be less than K for the forward reaction to be favoured
If you start with 45.0 grams of ethylene and an excess of oxygen, how many grams of carbon dioxide will be produced?A.29 gB.57 gC.71 gD.141 g
Answer:
D.141 g
Explanation:
Given that:-
Mass of ethylene = 45.0 g
Molar mass of ethylene = 28.05 g/mol
The formula for the calculation of moles is shown below:
[tex]moles = \frac{Mass\ taken}{Molar\ mass}[/tex]
Thus,
[tex]Moles= \frac{45.0\ g}{28.05\ g/mol}[/tex]
[tex]Moles= 1.60\ mol[/tex]
According to the reaction below:-
[tex]C_2H_4+3O_2\rightarrow 2CO_2+2H_2O[/tex]
1 mole of ethylene produces 2 moles of carbon dioxide
So,
1.60 mole of ethylene produces 2*1.60 moles of carbon dioxide
Moles of carbon dioxide = 3.2 mol
Molar mass of carbon dioxide = 44.01 g/mol
Mass = Moles*Molar mass = 3.2 mol x 44.01 g/mol = 141 g
D.141 g of carbon dioxide will be produced
Exactly 20.0 mL of water at 32.0 °C is added to a hot iron skillet. All of the water is converted to steam at 100.0°C. The mass of the skillet is 1.15 kg. What is the change in temperature of the skillet?
To calculate the change in temperature of the skillet, the heat absorbed by the water as it is heated and evaporates needs to be calculated first. This heat will be equal to the heat lost by the skillet. However, without the specific heat of iron, the exact change in temperature cannot be calculated.
Explanation:The subject of this question is the calculation of the change in temperature of the skillet in a situation where hot water is poured onto it. This is a typical problem in thermodynamics, a branch of physics. The key principles to solve this problem are the conservation of energy and the specific heat of water and iron.
To do this, we first calculate the heat absorbed by the water as it is heated from 32.0 °C to 100.0 °C and then as it evaporates. The sum of these heats will be the heat lost by the skillet because of the principle of conservation of energy.
However, to calculate the exact change in temperature of the skillet, we need the specific heat of iron, which is not provided in the question. Therefore, we cannot calculate the exact temperature change of the skillet given the provided data.
In general, for similar problems, you would use the formula q = m * c * ΔT where q is the heat absorbed or released, m is mass, c is specific heat and ΔT is the change in temperature.
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To determine the change in temperature of the skillet, calculate the heat absorbed by the water and use it to determine the change in temperature of the skillet. The change in temperature of the skillet is approximately 10.9 °C.
To determine the change in temperature of the skillet, we need to calculate the heat absorbed by the water and then use that to determine the change in temperature of the skillet. We can use the equation: q = mcΔT, where q is the heat absorbed, m is the mass of the water, c is the specific heat capacity of water, and ΔT is the change in temperature. The heat absorbed by the water can be calculated as follows:
q = (4.184 J/g °C) × (20.0 g) × (100.0 °C - 32.0 °C)
q = 5690.24 J
Now, this amount of heat is transferred to the skillet, so:
q (skillet) = q (water)
Now, we can use the formula for the change in temperature of the skillet:
ΔT = q / (m skillet x c skillet)
By substituting the values, we can find the change in temperature of the skillet.
The specific heat capacity of iron is approximately 0.45 J/g °C.
ΔT = 5690.24 J / ( 1150g x 0.45 J/g °C)
So, the change in temperature of the skillet is approximately 10.9 °C.
A typical eukaryotic cell that has an abundant supply of glucose and O2 will generate a proton gradient in its mitochondria by ____ that is used primarily for ____.
Answer:
A typical eukaryotic cell that has an abundant supply of glucose and O2 will generate a proton gradient in its mitochondria by the electron transport chain that is used primarily for chemiosmosis
Explanation:
Some terms explained
Eukaryotic cells are cells that contain a nucleus and organelles, and are enclosed by a plasma membrane and whose DNA is bound together by proteins into well-defined chromosomes (bodies containing the hereditary material). Examples of eukaryotic cells are plants, animals, protists, fungi.
Chemiosmosis is the movement of ions across a membrane and it takes place in the mitochondria during cellular respiration and in the chloroplasts during photosynthesis, it is the method which cells use to create ATP (adenosine triphosphate) which is the main molecule used for energy by the cell. Mitochondria generate most of the ATP in cells driven by the proton flow across the inner membrane by a process called chemiosmosis. The free energy from the series of reactions that make up the electron transport chain is used to pump hydrogen ions across the membrane, this energy allows protons (H+) to travel down a proton gradient via chemiosmosis.
Mitochondria are specialized organelles present in the cells of animals, plants and fungi that produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
A health clinic uses a solution of bleach to sterilize petri dishes in which cultures are grown. The sterilization tank contains 150 gal of a solution of 4% ordinary household bleach mixed with pure distilled water. New research indicates that the concentration of bleach should be 8% for complete sterilization. How much of the solution should be drained and replaced with bleach to increase the bleach content to the recommended level?
Answer:
6.25 gallons solution should be drained and replaced 6.25 gallons with bleach to increase the bleach content to the recommended level.
Explanation:
Volume of the solution in the tank = 150 gal
Percentage of bleach in solution = 4%
Volume of bleach present = (4% of 150)gal
Let the volume of solution removed = x
Volume of bleach removed = (4% of x )gal
Desired percentage of bleach solution = 8%
Volume of bleach in 8% solution = 8% of 150 gal
(4% of 150)gal +x - (4% of x )gal = 8% of 150 gal
(4% of 150) +x - (4% of x ) = 8% of 150
[tex]6+x-0.04x=12[/tex]
[tex]0.96x=6[/tex]
x = 6.25
6.25 gallons solution should be drained and replaced 6.25 gallons with bleach to increase the bleach content to the recommended level.
To increase the bleach solution from 4% to 8% in a 150-gallon tank, 6.25 gallons of the existing solution should be drained and replaced with pure bleach.
To adjust the concentration of bleach in the sterilization tank from 4% to 8%, we need to find out how much of the current solution should be removed and replaced with pure bleach. Initially, there are 150 gallons of a 4% bleach solution. If x gallons of this solution are drained and replaced with pure bleach, the amount of bleach in the tank remains the same because pure bleach is being added to compensate for the amount drained.
The initial amount of bleach in the solution is 4% of 150 gallons, which is 0.04 × 150 = 6 gallons of bleach. We need to end up with 8% bleach in a 150-gallon tank, so the final amount of bleach needed is 0.08 × 150 = 12 gallons. Since the initial and final amount of bleach has to be the same to ensure complete sterilization, we can set up the following equation:
Initial Bleach + Replaced Bleach - Removed Bleach = Final Bleach
6 + x - (0.04 × x) = 12
This simplifies to:
6 + 0.96x = 12
Solving for x gives:
0.96x = 6
x = 6 / 0.96
x = 6.25 gallons
Therefore, to achieve an 8% bleach concentration, 6.25 gallons of the 4% bleach solution should be drained from the tank and replaced with pure bleach.
Why is performing extraction with several small portions of a solvent more officient than a single extraction with the same total volume of the solvent?
With various extractions the amount of material left in the trash will be lower, ergo the extraction will be more perfect. Various extractions with fewer amounts of solvent are more efficient than a single extraction with a huge amount of solvent.
Explanation:
Surely multiple extractions are better than the single large extraction. Because extraction is about maximizing outside field communication between the two solvents, and you easily get more surface area contact with fewer amounts.
You can merge two smaller portions quicker and more completely than with large portions.
You dissolve 10 grams of sugar in a hundred mL of water in one container and another 10 grams of sugar and 500 mL of water in a different container which one would taste sweeter? Why?
10 g of sugar in 100 ml of water is sweeter.
Explanation:
We need to find the concentration of the two solutions from that we can find which one is dilute and which one is concentrated solution.
Concentration is given in terms of molarity (M) = moles/L
Moles can be found by dividing the given mass by the molar mass of the sugar (342.3 g/mol)
Now we can find the molarity as,
1. 100 ml = 0.1 L
moles = 10 g / 342.3 g / mol = 0.029 moles
molarity = 0.029 moles / 0.1 L = 0.29 M
2. molarity = 0.029 / 0.5 L = 0.058 M
So first solution is more concentrated, and also taste sweeter than the second solution.
10 g of sugar in 100 ml of water is more sweeter.
Calculation for concentration:Molarity is defined as number of moles of solute over volume of solution in litres.
So, concentration is given in terms of molarity (M) = moles / L
Number of moles is given mass over molar mass:
Molar mass of sugar = 342.3 g/mol
Number of moles= 10 g / 342.3 g / mol
Number of moles = 0.029 moles
Molarity for two solutions will be:
Molarity = 0.029 moles / 0.1 L
Molarity = 0.29 M
Molarity = 0.029 / 0.5 L
Molarity = 0.058 M
So, first solution is more concentrated, and also taste sweeter than the second solution.
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The atomic number of nitrogen is 7. Nitrogen-15 has a greater mass number than nitrogen-14 because the atomic nucleus of nitrogen-15 contains ________.
Answer:8 neutrons
Explanation:
The nucleus of an atom houses the proton number (atomic number) and neutron which sums up to give the mass number of the atom... Nitrogen 14 will yield 7 neutrons with mass number 14 while nitrogen 15 give 8 neutrons with mass number of 15 gram per mole
The atomic nucleus of nitrogen-15 contains more neutrons than nitrogen-14, which results in a greater mass number.
Explanation:Nitrogen-15 has a greater mass number than nitrogen-14 because the atomic nucleus of nitrogen-15 contains more neutrons.
The atomic number of nitrogen is 7, which means it has 7 protons in its nucleus. Nitrogen-14 has a mass number of 14, which indicates the total number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. Nitrogen-15 has a mass number of 15, indicating that it has an extra neutron compared to nitrogen-14. Therefore, the atomic nucleus of nitrogen-15 contains 8 neutrons.
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Enter a molecular equation for the gas-evolution reaction that occurs when aqueous hydroiodic acid and aqueous potassium sulfite are mixed.
When aqueous hydroiodic acid and aqueous potassium sulfite are mixed, they react to produce iodine, potassium sulfate, water and sulfur dioxide gas. The balanced equation for this gas-evolution reaction is 2HI(aq) + K2SO3(aq) -> I2(aq) + K2SO4(aq) + H2O(l) + SO2(g) .
Explanation:The gas-evolution reaction that occurs when aqueous hydroiodic acid (HI) and aqueous potassium sulfite (K2SO3) are mixed is as follows:
2HI(aq) + K2SO3(aq) -> I2(aq) + K2SO4(aq) + H2O(l) + SO2(g)
This balanced equation tells us that two moles of hydroiodic acid react with one mole of potassium sulfite to produce iodine, potassium sulfate, water and sulfur dioxide gas. In this reaction, sulfur dioxide is the gas that evolves.
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Final answer:
The reaction between hydroiodic acid and potassium sulfite in aqueous solution results in the formation of potassium iodide, sulfur dioxide gas, and water. It's a double replacement reaction typified by the evolution of sulfur dioxide gas when a sulfite reacts with an acid.
Explanation:
The molecular equation for the gas-evolution reaction that occurs when aqueous hydroiodic acid (HI) and aqueous potassium sulfite (K2SO3) are mixed can be written as follows:
2HI(aq) + K2SO3(aq) → 2KIOD(aq) + SO2(g) + H2O(l)
This is a double replacement reaction where hydrogen iodide exchanges anions with potassium sulfite to produce potassium iodide, sulfur dioxide gas, and water. The sulfur dioxide gas is the gas-evolution that bubbles out of the mixture. This reaction is indicative of the typical behavior of sulfites in acid solution: they tend to release sulfur dioxide gas.
using the clausius clapeyron equation determines the heat of vaporization from experimental measurements of vapor pressure. the vapor pressure of dichloromethane is measured as a function of temperature and the results are tabulated. determine the heat and vaporization of dichloromethane from the results
Temperature K Vapor pressure (torr)
255 11.3
265 21.0
275 36.8
285 61.5
295 99.0
300 123.8
The heat of vaporization of dichloromethane can be calculated using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, which relates vapor pressure with temperature. By selecting two points from the given data and applying these values to the equation, one can solve for the enthalpy of vaporization.
Explanation:The process of determining the heat of vaporization of dichloromethane involves using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, which establishes a relationship between vapor pressure and temperature. Given the experimental vapor pressure values at different temperatures, one can calculate the enthalpy of vaporization (ΔHvap). It requires selecting two points from the provided data, converting temperature values from Kelvin to Celsius if necessary (though temperatures are already given in Kelvin here), and applying them to the Clausius-Clapeyron equation:
ln(P2/P1) = (ΔHvap/R) * (1/T1 - 1/T2)
Where P1 and P2 are vapor pressures at temperatures T1 and T2 respectively, R is the universal gas constant, and ΔHvap is the heat of vaporization. By inputting two data points into this equation, we can solve for ΔHvap. This method is based on the assumption that the enthalpy of vaporization remains constant over the temperature range of interest.
The combustion of ammonia produces NO and water. If the chemical reaction for this process is properly balanced using the smallest possible integers, what is the sum of the coefficients for the products?
Answer:
10
Explanation:
The unbalanced combustion reaction is shown below as:-
[tex]NH_3+O_2\rightarrow NO+H_2O[/tex]
On the left hand side,
There are 3 hydrogen atoms and 1 nitrogen atom and 2 oxygen atoms
On the right hand side,
There are 1 nitrogen atom and 2 hydrogen atoms and 2 oxygen atoms
Thus,
Right side, [tex]H_2O[/tex] must be multiplied by 6 to balance hydrogen.
Left side, [tex]NH_3[/tex] must be multiplied by 4 to balance hydrogen.
Also, Right side, [tex]NO[/tex] is multiplied by 4 so to balance nitrogen.
Left side, [tex]O_2[/tex] must be multiplied by 5 to balance the whole reaction.
Thus, the balanced reaction is:-
[tex]4NH_3+5O_2\rightarrow 4NO+6H_2O[/tex]
Sum of Coefficient of product - 4 + 6 = 10
A 32.00 mL sample of an unknown H3PO4 solution is titrated with a 0.110 M NaOH solution. The equivalence point is reached when 24.83 mL of NaOH solution is added.What is the concentration of the unknown H3PO4 solution? The neutralization reaction is
H3PO4(aq)+3NaOH(aq)→3H2O(l)+Na3PO4(aq)
Answer:
Concentration of [tex]H_3PO_4[/tex] in sample is 0.25 M.
Explanation:
From the reaction, one mole of [tex]H_3PO_4[/tex] reacts with 3 moles of NaOH.
Now, number of moles of NaOH, n = [tex]molarity \times volume(in \ liters).[/tex]
[tex]n=0.11\times \dfrac{24.83}{1000}\ mol=2.73\times 10^{-3}\ mol.[/tex]
Therefore, [tex]2.73\times 10^{-3}[/tex] mol of NaOH reacts with [tex]3\times 2.73\times 10^{-3}[/tex] [tex]H_3PO_4[/tex].
So, concentration of [tex]H_3PO_4[/tex] [tex]=\dfrac{no\ of \ moles}{volume\ in\ liter}=\dfrac{3\times 2.73\times 10^{-3}}{\dfrac{32}{1000}}=\dfrac{3\times 2.73}{32}=0.25\ M.[/tex]
Therefore, concentration of [tex]H_3PO_4[/tex] in sample is 0.25 M.
Hence, this is the required solution.
In the reaction, Zn(s) + 2 HCl(aq) --> ZnCl2 (aq)+ H2(g), 25 grams of Zn are reacted with 17.5 g of HCl. How many grams of H2 will be produced?
Answer:
0.480 g of H₂ are produced, in the reaction.
Explanation:
This is the reaction:
Zn(s) + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ (aq) + H₂ (g)
We havethe mass of both reactants, so we must work with them to find out the limiting reactant and then, determine the amount of H₂ produced.
Let's convert the mass to moles ( mass / molar mass)
25 g / 65.41 g/mol = 0.382 moles Zn
17.5 g / 36.45 g/mol = 0.480 moles HCl
Ratio is 1:2, so 1 mol of Zn react with the double of moles of HCl.
0.382 moles of Zn would need the double of moles to react, so (0.382 .2) = 0.764 moles of HCl. → We only have 0.480 moles, so the acid is the limiting.
Now let's determine the moles of H₂ formed.
Ratio is 2:1, so If i take account the moles I have, I will produce the half of moles of my product.
0.480 moles / 2 = 0.240 moles of H₂ are produced.
To find out the mass, we must multiply mol . molar mass
0.240 mol . 2g/mol = 0.480 g
The partially positively charged hydrogen atoms of one water molecule can interact with the partially negatively charged oxygen atoms of another water molecule. This interaction between water molecules is called_______.
Answer: Hydrogen bonding
Explanation:
A 3.57 kg particle is located on the x-axis at xm = −8 m, and a 5.45 kg particle is on the x-axis at xM = 2.22 m. Find the coordinate of the center of mass of this two-particle system. Answer in units of m
Answer:
The coordinate of the center of mass of this two-particle system is (-1.82 m,0).
Explanation:
Center of mass for n mases of system:
[tex]C.O.M=\frac{m_1x_1+m_2x_2......m_nx_n}{m_1+m_2...m_n}[/tex]
We have :Two-particle system.
On x-axis ,mass of object m = [tex]m_x=-8m[/tex]
m = 3.57 kg
Mass of object M = [tex]x_M=2.22 m[/tex]
M = 5.45 kg
[tex]C.O.M=\frac{mx_m+Mx_M}{m+M}[/tex]
[tex]=\frac{3.57 kg\times (-8 m)+5.45kg\times 2.22}{3.57 kg+5.45 kg}[/tex]
[tex]=-1.82 m[/tex]
The coordinate of the center of mass of this two-particle system is (-1.82 m,0).
The coordinate of the center of mass of this two-particle system is [tex]{-1.7054545454545455 \text{ m}}.[/tex]
To find the coordinate of the center of mass (COM) for a two-particle system, we use the formula:
[tex]\[ x_{COM} = \frac{m_1 \cdot x_1 + m_2 \cdot x_2}{m_1 + m_2} \][/tex]
Given:
- [tex]\( m_1 = 3.57 \text{ kg} \) and \( x_1 = -8 \text{ m} \)[/tex]
- [tex]\( m_2 = 5.45 \text{ kg} \) and \( x_2 = 2.22 \text{ m} \)[/tex]
Plugging these values into the formula for the center of mass, we get:
[tex]\[ x_{COM} = \frac{3.57 \text{ kg} \cdot (-8 \text{ m}) + 5.45 \text{ kg} \cdot 2.22 \text{ m}}{3.57 \text{ kg} + 5.45 \text{ kg}} \] \[ x_{COM} = \frac{-28.56 \text{ kg} \cdot \text{m} + 12.109 \text{ kg} \cdot \text{m}}{9.02 \text{ kg}} \] \[ x_{COM} = \frac{-28.56 + 12.109}{9.02} \] \[ x_{COM} = \frac{-16.451}{9.02} \] \[ x_{COM} = -1.824545454545454 \][/tex]
Rounding to the same number of decimal places as given in the question for the positions [tex]\( x_1 \)[/tex] and [tex]\( x_2 \)[/tex], we have:
[tex]\[ x_{COM} \approx -1.7054545454545455 \text{ m} \][/tex]
Therefore, the coordinate of the center of mass of this two-particle system is [tex]{-1.7054545454545455 \text{ m}}.[/tex]
Plastic wrap becomes electrically charged when pulled from its box. As a result, it is attracted to objects such as food containers. Does the wrap stick better to plastic containers or to metal containers? Discuss.
Explanation:
It sticks better to the plastic containers. We know that plastic is one among the good insulator, Hence as soon as the charged plastic wrap makes contact with the box, the charges will remain relatively fixed in particular location. Which will subsequently maintain the electrical attraction. When charged plastic wrap comes in contact with the metal, on the other hand, the charged plastic wrap will discharge through the metal since metal is a good conductor, causing it to lose its electrical properties.
1) If 0.193 grams of toluene is dissolved in 2.532 grams of p-xylene, what is the molality of toluene in the solution?2) If a freezing point depression of 3.57°Celcius is measured for the solution described in question 1, calculate [tex]K_f[/tex] for p-xylene.3) Suppose you dissolved 0.123 gram of pentane in 2.493 grams of p-xylene and measured a freezing point depression of 2.88°celcius for the solution. Calculate the molar mass of pentane using this data and the value for [tex]K_f[/tex] that you calculated in question 2.
Answer:
The value of [tex]K_f[/tex] for xylene is 4.309°C/m.
The molar mass of pentane using this data is 73.82 g/mol.
Explanation:
[tex]\Delta T_f=K_f\times \frac{\text{Amount of solute}}{\text{Molar mass of solute}\times \text{Mass of solvent(kg)}}[/tex]
where,
[tex]\Delta T_f[/tex] =depression in freezing point
[tex]K_f[/tex] = freezing point constant
we have :
1) freezing point constant for xylene = [tex]K_f[/tex] =?
Mass of toluene = 0.193 g
Mass of xylene = 2.532 kg = 0.002532 kg ( 1 g =0.001 kg)
[tex]\Delta T_f=3.57^oC[/tex]
[tex]3.57^oC=K_f\times \frac{0.193 g}{92 g/mol\times 0.002532 kg}[/tex]
[tex]K_f=4.309^oC/m[/tex]
The value of [tex]K_f[/tex] for xylene is 4.309°C/m.
2)
Mass of pentane = 0.123 g
molar mass of pentame= M
Mass of xylene = 2.493 g = 0.002493 kg
Freezing point Constant of xylene = [tex]K_f=4.309^oC/m[/tex]
[tex]2.88^oC=4.309^oC/m\times \frac{0.123g}{M\times 0.002493 kg}[/tex]
M = 73.82 g/mol
The molar mass of pentane using this data is 73.82 g/mol.
Hydrogen iodide decomposes as 2Hl ----> H2 + I2. The average reaction rate is expressed as: Average rate - delta[HI]/delta, The negative sign used in the rate expression indicates that: a) There are repulsive forces between the reactants. b) The concentration of Hl decreases with time. c) The concentration of the reactants is less than that of the product d)) The reaction rate is decreasing with time
Answer: Option C. The concentration of the reactants is less than that of the product d
Explanation: