Answer:
Kevin will recognised loss of $45,003
Explanation:
The question is not completed. The following data for Kevan are missing.
Kevan:
Cash contributed = $15,000
Land = $120,000
Nonrecourse debt relief = $210,000
Debt secured forming Albee LLC = $90,000
Note that Kevin is required to guarantee 33.33% of the debt
Therefore, the debt is ( 33.33/100) x 90,000 = $29,997
Therefore, Kevin gain or loss = (210,000 - 120,000 - 15,000 - 29,997) in $ = $45,003
This $45,003 will be a loss because the nonrecourse debt of $210,000 is more than Kevin's total money from land, contributed cash and share of guarantee loan.
Final answer:
Kevan will recognize gain or loss based on his 33.33 percent guarantee of the nonrecourse debt secured by land for Albee LLC. Kevin will recognised loss of $45,003
Explanation:
The question asks about the recognition of gain or loss by Kevan based on his part of the guarantee on nonrecourse debt for the land secured when forming Albee LLC. The extent of liability assumed by Kevan dictates the potential financial impact on him. Thus,
Cash contributed = $15,000
Land = $120,000
Nonrecourse debt relief = $210,000
Debt secured forming Albee LLC = $90,000
As, Kevin is required to guarantee 33.33% of the debt
Therefore, the debt is ( 33.33/100) x 90,000 = $29,997
Therefore, Kevin gain or loss = (210,000 - 120,000 - 15,000 - 29,997) in $ = $45,003
This $45,003 will be a loss because the nonrecourse debt of $210,000 is more than Kevin's total money from land, contributed cash and share of guarantee loan.
A company is analyzing its month-end results by comparing it to both static and flexible budgets. During the month, the actual variable costs per unit were lower than the expected variable costs per unit as per the static budget. This difference results in a(n) ________.
(A) favorable flexible budget variance for variable costs
(B) favorable sales volume variance for variable costs
(C) unfavorable flexible budget variance for variable costs
(D) unfavorable sales volume variance for variable costs
Answer:
(A) favorable flexible budget variance for variable costs
Explanation:
As in the given case, the question is talking about the variable cost per unit that lead to the flexible budget variance instead of the sales volume variance
Since in the given scenario, the actual variable costs per unit were lower than the expected variable costs per unit that reflects the favorable and if the actual variable costs per unit were higher than the expected variable costs per unit so it would reflect the unfavorable variance
Who would have standing to bring a civil suit under section 10(b)? a. purchaser of shares b. contractor with firm who loses business c. person who refrained from buying because of overly pessimistic information d. person who refrained from selling because of overly optimistic information e. all of the above
Answer:
The correct answer is letter "A": purchaser of shares.
Explanation:
Shareholders or investors who purchase shares of a company's stock can file lawsuits for violations of Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These lawsuits are usually raised when the stock price falls and the shareholders allege it is caused because the company has disclosed improper information to the public.
The plaintiffs must prove that the company made a substantial misstatement or omission with the intention to deceive, manipulate or defraud the purchase or sale of a security.
The county supervisor is considering building a community pool and has gathered data on how much residents are willing to pay. He sums up all of the valuations he has received and compares hat number to the estimated cost. This is an example of:
A. contingent valuation
B. revealed preference valuation
C. cost-benefit analysis
D. social discounting
Answer:
C. cost-benefit analysis
Explanation:
Cost - benefit analysis -
It is the method to analyse any decision in a very brief manner , is referred to as cost - benefit analysis .
The cost of the complete business or the project is calculated and analysed with the actual cost used for it .
The method is done with the help of certain models , data , records etc. in order to analyse even the minute details in a proper manner .
Hence , from the given scenario of the question ,
The correct answer is C. cost-benefit analysis .
Final answer:
The county supervisor's method of summing residents' valuations for a community pool and comparing it to the cost is known as cost-benefit analysis, a strategy to determine if the economic benefits outweigh the costs.
Explanation:
The county supervisor's approach of gathering data on how much residents are willing to pay for a community pool and summing up all of their valuations to compare to the estimated cost is an example of cost-benefit analysis. In this process, the supervisor is weighing the total monetary value residents place on having a community pool (the benefits) against the estimated costs to build and maintain it. This step is crucial in determining whether the overall benefits of the community pool outweigh the costs—effectively evaluating if the project would be beneficial from an economic standpoint. Cost-benefit analysis is often used to inform decision-making by comparing the present discounted value of future benefits against immediate and long-term costs, considering various assumptions such as discount rates and stakeholder valuations.
A company manufactures 1,200 cylinders per day, each requiring a pressure gauge. The purchase price of the pressure gauge is $3.20. The company controller estimated annual holding costs at 25 percent per year, while the cost of placing an order was estimated at $55.00. Assuming that the plant operates 45 weeks per year, the EOQ for the pressure gauge is:
a.3,000 units
b.2,929 units.
c.2,872 units.
d.2,725 units.
e.1,200 units.
Answer:
Explanation:
Given weekly demand = 1200 units
Number of weeks per year = 45
Annual demand (D) = weekly demand × number of weeks per year = 1200 × 45 = 54,000 units
Ordering cost(C) = $55
Holding cost (H) = 25% of purchase price = 25% of $3.20 = 0.25*$3.20 = $0.8
EOQ = √(2DC/H) = √[(2 × 54,000 × 55) / 0.8] = √(5,940,000/0.8) = √7,425,000 = 2,725 units
Answer is D - 2,725 units
Answer:
Option D is correct.
Economic order quantity = 2725 units.
Explanation:
We will use the following variables:
Q = Quantity ordered/made
EOQ = the optimal order Quantity
D = annual Demand over the year
P = unit Production cost
S = cost of setting up a production run, regardless of the number of units in the production run (fixed cost per production run), also the ordering cost for goods that are usually ordered.
H = cost to Hold one unit for a year in the warehouse.
It is important to note which variables are based on per-order and per-unit basis.
Total Cost, TC = PC + SC + HC
PC = P x D : Production Cost = unit Production cost × the annual Demand
SC = (D x S)/Q : Setting up Cost = (annual Demand) × (cost per production setup)/(Order Quantity)
HC = (H x Q)/2: Holding Cost = (annual unit Holding cost × order Quantity)/2 (it ks divided by 2 because throughout the year, the warehouse is half full on average).
So TC = PC + SC + HC = (P x D) + ((D x S)/Q) + ((H x Q)/2) = PD + (DS/Q) + HQ/2
To obtain the optimal order quantity, EOQ, that minimizes TC, at the minimum TC, dTC/dQ = 0
dTC/dQ = (H/2) – (D x S)/(Q²) = 0
(H/2) – (D x S)/(Q²) = 0
Solving for Q, which is EOQ at this point.
(EOQ)² = 2DS/H
EOQ = √(2DS/H)
D = annual Demand for the item, over the year = 1200 × 45 = 54000 units
S = cost of setting up a production run, regardless of the number of units in the production run (fixed cost per production run) or for one order = $55
H = Holding cost = 25% of $3.2 = $0.8
EOQ = √(2×54000×55/0.8) = 2725 units
g Which of the following is produced when firms transform raw materials into a new product? A. Accessories B. Equipment C. Processed materials D. Maintenance products E. Specialized services
Answer: C
Processed materials
Explanation:
Processed materials are materials that have been refined or built from raw materials by humans. Processed products include, paper, steel and glass.
Complete the explanation of how polygenic inheritance could be the basis of a trait showing continuous phenotypic variation.
discrete
homozygous
dominant
additive
homozygous
recessive
continuous
threshold
The variation in weight in a population may be explained by the segregation of 10 genes that control weight in a simple ____________genetic fashion, the distribution will be ____________ from the lowest value (____________ for one allele at all 10 genes to the highest value (____________ for the other allele at all 10 genes).
Answer:
Additive; continuous; homozygous; homozygous.
Explanation:
The variation in weight in a population may be explained by the segregation of 10 genes that control weight in a simple additive genetic fashion, the distribution will be continuous from the lowest value homozygous for one allele at all 10 genes to the highest value homozygous for the other allele at all 10 genes.
Continuous phenotypic variation can be caused by many genes affecting a trait and/or environmental variation.
Zander Company has fixed costs of $ 14 comma 000. The company's contribution margin ratio is 56%. What is the breakeven point in sales dollars? (Round your answer to the nearest dollar.) A. $ 25 comma 000 B. $ 2 comma 240 C. $ 87 comma 500 D. $ 7 comma 840 g
Answer:
Option A $25000
Explanation:
The breakeven point in sales dollars can be calculated by using the following formula:
Breakeven Sales In Dollars = Fixed Cost / Contribution Margin ratio
The fixed cost here is $14000 and the contribution margin ratio is 0.56.
So by putting the values, we have:
Breakeven Sales In Dollars = $14000 / 0.56 = $25000
So the sales required to breakeven at a contribution margin of 0.56 is $25000. Remember that Fixed cost though remains the same but contribution margin ratio changes when the variable cost or selling price changes. So if the changes in variable cost or selling prices are witnessed to achieve the maximum profit possible, then the managers must recalculate the breakeven point because it has been altered due to these changes.
Answer:
A. $25 comma 000
Explanation:
1. Breakeven Point on sales dollars can be calculated using this equation:
[tex]BEP=\frac{Fixed Costs}{Fixed Costs- Contribution Margin}= \frac{Fixed Costs}{Contribution Margin Ratio}[/tex]
In this case, we know that:
[tex]Fixed Costs=$14,000\\Contribution Margin Ratio= 56\%[/tex]
2. Replacing Values:
[tex]BEP=\frac{\$14,000}{56\%} =\$25,000[/tex]
The company needs to have sales of $25,000 to breakeven at a 56% contribution margin ratio. It means that the company must determine the appropiate strategy to reach the sale level required.
The bond has a coupon rate of 5.57 percent, it makes semiannual payments, and there are 5 months to the next coupon payment. A clean price of $923 and the par value is $1,000. What is the invoice price?
Final answer:
The invoice price of the bond can be calculated by adding the clean price and the accrued interest. In this case, the invoice price is $923,023.22.
Explanation:
The invoice price of a bond refers to the price at which the bond is bought or sold, including any accrued interest. To calculate the invoice price, we need to take into account the clean price, which is the price of the bond without accrued interest. In this case, the clean price is $923 and the par value is $1,000.
First, we need to calculate the accrued interest. The bond makes semiannual payments, so the next coupon payment is 5 months away. Since each coupon payment is for half of the annual coupon rate, the accrued interest can be calculated as follows:
Accrued Interest = (Coupon Rate / 2) x (Time since last coupon payment / Time between coupon payments)
Accrued Interest = (5.57% / 2) x (5 months / 6 months)
Accrued Interest = 0.02785 x 0.83333 = 0.02322
Next, we calculate the dirty price, which is the clean price plus the accrued interest:
Dirty Price = Clean Price + Accrued Interest
Dirty Price = $923 + $0.02322
Dirty Price = $923.02322
Finally, we can calculate the invoice price, which is the dirty price multiplied by the par value:
Invoice Price = Dirty Price x Par Value
Invoice Price = $923.02322 x $1,000
Invoice Price = $923,023.22
A stock has an expected rate of return of 14.2 percent and a standard deviation of 23.4 percent. Which one of the following best describes the probability that this stock will lose more than 32.6 percent of its value in any one year?(A) Approximately 1 percent.(B) Less than 1 percent(C) Approximately 2.28 percent(D) Less than 0.26 percent
Answer:
1.
mean=(14%+3%+9%-12%)/4=3.5%
variance=((14%-3.5%)^2+(3%-3.5%)^2+(9%-3.5%)^2+(-12%-3.5%)^2)/3=0.0127
Option D
2.
mean=(19%+12%-10%+25%+4%)/5=10%
standard deviaiton=sqrt(((19%-10%)^2+(12%-10%)^2+(-10%-10%)^2+(25%-10%)^2+(4%-10%)^2))/4)=12.2147%
Pr(X>=30%)=1-Pr(X<30%)=1-Pr(Z<(30%-10%)/12.2147%)=5.077%
Option 1
3.
Pr(X<-32.6%)=Pr(Z<(-32.6%-14.2%)/23.4%)=2.28%
Option C
Explanation:
On January 1, Year 1, Maverick Company sold bonds that pay interest semiannually on June 30 and December 31. Maverick has a fiscal year-end of February 28. The amortization schedule for these bonds shows a cash payment of interest of $7,200 and an effective interest of $9,009 relating to the interest payment that will be made on June 30, Year 1.
What is the amount of interest expense that should be accrued by Maverick in an adjusting entry dated February 28, Year 1?
Answer:
$3,003
Explanation:
According to the question, Maverick has a fiscal year at the end of February, which means that an adjusting entry will include 2 months (January and February-Year 1) relating to the month of interest payment i.e. 6th month (June 30, Year 1)
Formula:
Interest expense = effective interest (for 1st semiannual period) × time period covered by adjusting entry
Interest expense = 9009 × 2/6
Interest expense = 3003$
On July 1, Shady Creek Resort borrowed $350,000 cash by signing a 10-year, 8.5% installment note requiring equal payments each June 30 of $53,343. What amount of interest expense will be included in the first annual payment?
Final answer:
The first annual installment payment for Shady Creek Resort includes an interest expense of $29,750, which is 8.5% of the $350,000 principal.
Explanation:
To determine the amount of interest expense included in the first annual payment of the installment note for Shady Creek Resort, we need to apply the interest rate to the principal balance. With an 8.5% annual interest rate on the principal of $350,000, the first year's interest expense is calculated as $350,000 × 0.085 = $29,750. Since the annual payment is $53,343, and the first year's interest is $29,750, the remaining $23,593 of the payment goes towards reducing the principal.
After a meeting with the operations manager of your organization, you close the door to your office so you can think of strategies to resolve an issue that has come up. The operations manager casually mentioned he had just finished a performance review of one of his employees and offered the employee a large raise because of all the hours the employee was putting in. The raise was equal to 11 percent of the employee’s salary. The operations manager, being new both to the company and to a union shop, wasn’t aware of the contract agreement surrounding pay increases. An employee must receive a minimum of a 2 percent pay increase per year and a maximum of 6 percent per year based on the contract. You worry that if the union gets wind of this, everyone at that employee’s pay level may file a grievance asking for the same pay raise. Of course, the challenge is that the manager already told this person he would be receiving the 11 percent raise. You know you need to act fast to remedy this situation.
As an HR professional, what should you have done initially to prevent this issue from happening?
Outline a specific strategy to implement stating how you will prevent this from happening in the future.
What would you do about the 11 percent pay raise that was already promised to the employee?
If the union files a grievance, what type of grievance do you think it would be? Provide reasoning for your answer.
If the union does file a grievance, draft a response to the grievance to share with your upper-level managers as a starting point for discussion on how to remedy the situation.
Answer:(1) The HR professional should have read the company policy and employment contract of each employees (2) Proper employees files should be maintained (3) order a reverse of the 11 percent pay increase untill the issue leading to the increase is looked into (4) The grievance will be on employee compensation and benefit (5) I will use the employee grievance process .
Explanation:
The human resources management is the process of supporting the accomplishment of organization objective by recruiting the needed human resources into the organization, integrating them into the organization as well as developing their potential for the overall benefit of the organization. The human resources management department is responsible for the personnel matters in the organization. In every organization, they usually have a company policy which is focused on how to resolve employees grievance in the organization. Therefore, as regard the case under review the HR professional should do the following to handle the issue at hand
(1) The HR manager should read the company policy on how a pay raise should be given to each employees, in addition to this the HR manager must also read the employment contract of each employees in order to know if the employees actually deserve a pay raise.
(2) with a view to prevent this in the future, the HR professional should ensure that employees files are properly maintained and before a pay raise can be granted to any employees in the future it should be in accordance with the contract agreement surrounding pay increases.
(3) The 11 percent pay raise that was already promised to the employees will be order to reversed back to the status quo untill the matter is looked into holistically to know if the employee actually deserve to have a pay raise in accordance with contract agreement surrounding pay increases.
(4) The grievance would be a formal notice to the management to register their dissatisfaction as regard the pay increase granted to only one employee that does not go across board.
(5) I will settle the grievances before involving other members of the grievance committee, I will then held a meeting with the representatives of the workers in private.then if the issue cannot be resolved at that level, I will investigate the matter further and the result will be made known to the workers and if the workers is not satisfied the matter will go to the management level where the fact of the matter will be looked into and a decision will be made to settle the grievance.
A supply chain management (SCM) system is an IT system that supports supply chain management activities by: a. helping decision makers compile useful information to identify and solve problems and make decisions. b. automating the tracking of inventory and information among business processes and across companies. c. collecting, storing, modifying, and retrieving the transactions of an organization. d. providing easy access to both internal and external information relevant to meeting the strategic goals of the organization
Answer:
The correct answer is letter "B": automating the tracking of inventory and information among business processes and across companies .
Explanation:
Supply Chain Management (SCM) comprises all the steps companies take from gathering raw materials until the delivery of a final good to consumers. In the process, several resources are used such as Information Technology (IT) systems which allow measuring numerically materials, components, labor hand and hours, and the necessary resources for the manufacturing company given a period.
Besides, IT systems are useful to keep track of the flow of the units being produced when they hit the warehouse shelves and when they leave the company for sale. This information is useful for the plant and its suppliers.
A SCM is a supply chain system that manages the flow of the goods and the services. They manage the flow and movement along with the storages of raw materials.
Work in progress and the inventory of the finished goods from origin to point of consumption. Thus being an IT-driven system supports the supply chain and manages the activities by automating the tracking of inventory and information of processes across companies.Hence the option B is correct.
Learn more about the is an IT system that supports SCM activities.
brainly.com/question/7159680.
he dean has asked the faculty to establish department-wide guidelines for testing. This situation is a (n) _______ problem requiring a (n) _______ decision.
The dean has asked the faculty to establish department-wide guidelines for testing. This situation is a non-structured problem requiring a non-programmed decision.
Explanation:
Decision making to be custom made to fix one-off and non-recurring issues are not programmed. Setting up a new corporate plan is an unscheduled step. This action is different from past organizational action as there is a set of new of environmental variables and other circumstances have changed as the problem is fresh.
This explains the interaction within the company between types of issues, types of judgments and rates. With automated decision-making, well organized problems are replied to and non -structured issues involve unscheduled policy-making.
Suppose that anticipated inflation is 4% for the coming year, with loan contracts set at 7% with the expectation of a 3% return after inflation. If the actual inflation rate at the end of the year is 2%:
debtors gain at the expense of creditors.
people on a fixed income see the purchasing power of their incomes rising.
creditors gain at the expense of debtors.
there is a redistribution of income from creditors to debtors.
Answer:
Creditors gain at the expense of debtors.
Explanation: Inflation is a macroeconomic measure that shows the general rise in the price level of goods and services in an economy,the price rise as a result of Inflation is above normal.
A CREDITOR is a person or an organisation who is owned a certain amount of money by another person or organisation known as A DEBTOR.
IN THE SCENERIO HIGHLIGHTED,THE CREDITORS WILL GAIN A RETURN ON INVESTMENT OF 5% INSTEAD OF THE ANTICIPATED 3%,THIS IS DUE TO THE REDUCED RATE OF INFLATION ANTICIPATED WHICH DROPPED FROM 4% TO 2%.
Anticipated Inflation=4%
Actual Inflation=2%
Anticipated Returns=3%
Loan contract interest rate based on anticipated Inflation=7%
Actual returns on investment=(4-2)%
=2%.
Actual returns=7%-2%
Actual returns=5%.
Answer:
creditors gain at the expense of debtors.
Explanation:
Fred is a strategic analyst for a specialty retail store chain that sells sports apparel. He's working with the marketing team and is reviewing the _____ section of the social media marketing plan which contains information about how other sports apparel stores are using social media and the success of their efforts.
Answer:
The correct word for the blank space is: competitor analysis.
Explanation:
Firms frequently make competitor analysis to find out what industry rivals are doing to step up in market competition. The information obtained can be beneficial for the company conducting the study to get more ideas on what the firm could do to improve business processes.
Besides, it provides firms an idea of what turns the market is taking so actions can be taken to keep at the same pace of consumers' changing trends.
The correct term to fill in the blank for the section of the social media marketing plan that Fred is reviewing is ""Competitive Analysis.""
In the context of a social media marketing plan, the ""Competitive Analysis"" section is crucial as it provides insights into how competitors in the sports apparel industry are utilizing social media platforms. This section typically includes an assessment of the strategies, content, engagement levels, and overall success of competitors' social media efforts. By analyzing this information, Fred and the marketing team can identify best practices, uncover gaps in their own strategy, and determine opportunities to differentiate their brand on social media.
The competitive analysis might cover aspects such as:
- Identification of key competitors on social media.
- Analysis of the content types and frequency of posts.
- Evaluation of audience engagement and growth rates.
- Review of the advertising strategies used by competitors.
- Assessment of the tone, messaging, and branding consistency.
- Benchmarking against competitors' performance metrics.
By thoroughly reviewing this section, Fred can help the marketing team to make informed decisions about their social media strategy, ensuring that it aligns with the company's goals and effectively targets their desired audience."
Jim Sullivan is the owner and manager of Auto Spa. Auto Spa provides various car wash and car detailing services. Auto Spa also sells snacks and gift items in its waiting area. Auto Spa has one cash register, where all payments from customers are received. There is a $400 change fund in the cash register at the beginning of each day. There are two cash register clerks, George and Alice, who work two different shifts during the day. Jim is quite busy as an owner and operator of the car wash and trusts George and Alice completely. Jim does not see the need to count out the cash register drawers with George or Alice after their shifts are ended. Additionally, Jim prints out a cash register tape at the end of the day but does not compare it to the deposit. During the first week of August, Jim noticed an increase in business. However, the cash deposits to the bank were less than Jim thought they should be. He has contacted you for advice. You have compiled the sales per the cash register tapes, and the cash counts, for the period from August 1 to August 7. These amounts are as follows: Calculate the total amount of cash sales and cash shortages for the period August 1 to August 7. Prepare a journal entry dated August 7 that summarizes the cash sales and cash shortages from August 1 to August 7.
Answer:
Cash Sales : we add up all the cash sales for the week to get total cash sales, cash sales will be from cash receipts journal and or cash register tapes.
Cash shortages will be the difference between cash sales and cash counts or cash on hand.
Journal Entry
Debit Cash ( as per the cash count), Debit Cash shortage(difference and is an expense) Credit cash Sales (as per register)
Explanation:
The Question is incomplete but when dealing with cash there must be internal controls put in place to monitor or reduce any potential risks, risks like cash shortages. Jim must everyday count the cash with the cashier that was at the cash register. Daily the cash register tape must be compared to the deposits that is a control to avoid cash shortages and each employee must have separate register tapes or there must be identification and or a way to know which clerk made what transactions.
Answer:
) Cash sales $15,696.00, Cash shortages ($1,798.20) (2) Cash shortages journal entry Dr: Cash $17,494.20, Dr: Cash shortages ( $1,798.20), Cr : Sales $15,696.00
Explanation:
The question is not complete, here is the missing part of the question
Date. Cash count. Sales per the cash register tape
August 1. 2,486.20. 2,222.50
August 2. 2,352.80. 2,135.90
August 3. 2,471.45. 2,303.45
August 4. 2,597.20. 2,287.30
August 5. 2,644.05. 2,335.45
August 6. 2,450.10. 2,155.50
August 7. 2,492.40. 2,255.90
------------------ -------------------
Total. 17,494.20. 15,696.00
-------------------- -----------------------
Here is the solution
To calculate the total amount of cash sales and cash shortages for the period August 1 to August 7
Date. Money collected. Sales Recorded. Shortages
August 1. 2,486.20. 2,222.50. ($263.70)
August 2. 2,352.80. 2,135.90. ($216.90)
August 3. 2,471.45. 2,303.45. ($168.00)
August 4. 2,597.20. 2,287.30. ($309.90
August 5. 2,644.05. 2,335.45. ($308.60)
August 6. 2,450.10. 2,155.50. ($294.60)
August 7. 2,492.40. 2,255.90. ($236.50
------------- -------------- ----------------
17,494.20. 15,696.00. 1,798.20
--------------- --------------- ----------------
To prepare the journal entry dated August 7 that summarizes the cash sales and cash shortages from August 1 to 7
Cash Register Reconciliation
$
Cash count. 17,494.20
Less::Sales on cash register tape 15,696.00
-------------
Cash shortages. 1,798.20
--------------
The reconciliation shows there is a cash shortages of ($1,798.20)
The cash shortages journal entry will be
Dr: cash$17,494.20
Dr: Cash shortages $1,798.20
Cr: Sales$15,696.00
Informal institutions are composed of sets of:
A. voluntary agreements.
B. mandatory agreements, a bit like the mind's software.
C. agreements that are for the most part written and taken for granted.
D. orthodox accords whose goal is to establish rigor.
Answer:
The correct answer is letter "A": voluntary agreements.
Explanation:
Informal institutions are groups of people that gather voluntarily because of common social rules under non-regulated scenarios. Clans are examples of informal institutions. Informal institutions are not considered as a culture and tend to have a self-enforcing regulatory operations approach.
Exercise 4-5 In its first year of operations, Cullumber Company recognized $31,800 in service revenue, $6,600 of which was on account and still outstanding at year-end. The remaining $25,200 was received in cash from customers. The company incurred operating expenses of $17,100. Of these expenses, $12,830 were paid in cash;丰4,270 was still owed on account at year-end. In addition, Culumber prepaid $2,720 for insurance coverage that would not be used until the second year of operations.(a) Calculate the first year's net earnings under the cash basis of accounting, and the first year's net earnings under the accrual basis of accounting. Cash Basis Accrual Basis Net Income (b) Which basis of accounting (cash or accrual) provides more useful information for decision-makers?
Answer with its Explanation:
PART A
Using The Cash Basis:
Net Income = Cash received - Cash paid
Net Income = $25,200 - $12,830 - $2720 = $9650
Using The Cash Basis:
Net Income = Revenue earned during the year - Expense incurred during the year
Net Income = $31,800 - $17,100 = $14,700
The insurance paid is not for the year as it relates to the coming year and must not be included in deducting the expenses.
PART B
Both of the methods provid useful informations provide useful insight of the case.
The cash basis tells about what actually the company possesses, from where the resources had flow inwards and where the company has spent its resources in cash amounts. The cash basis accounting doesn't tells the substance of the transaction because it all tells which expenses are actually been paid and what revenue has been received. The cash basis says that the revenue is the one that we have received and the expenses are the one that are paid in cash.
Accrual basis says that the company must recognize the earning and expenses when they are earned and when they are incurred respectively. The accrual basis tells the substance of the transaction. It tells what sales are related to the year and how much they have incurred in the year.
Value-stream mapping_____________.a. is a variation of time-function mapping.b. examines the supply chain to determine where value is added.c. extends time function mapping back to the supplier.d. starts with the customer and works backwards.e. All of these are true.
Answer: E). All of these are true.
Explanation:
Value-stream mapping is a variation of time-function mapping that examines the supply chain to determine where value is added. It extends time function mapping back to the supplier. However, it does not necessarily start with the customer and work backward.
Explanation:Value-stream mapping is a tool used primarily in lean manufacturing to analyze the current state and design the future state for a series of events that take a product from its beginning through to the customer. Statements a, b and c accurately describe components of value-stream mapping. Specifically, it is a variation of time-function mapping (a), which means it provides a visual representation of the process flow analyzed over time. It indeed examines the supply chain to identify where value is added (b) and maps out all actions (value-added and non-value added) necessary to bring a product from raw material into the hands of the customer, hence extending time-function mapping back to the supplier (c). While the process indeed aims to consider the customer's value perception, it traditionally does not start with the customer and works backwards (d). So, statement e is not fully correct: Value-stream mapping does include elements of a, b and c but not necessarily d.
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Describe the effect of each transaction on assets, liabilities, and stockholders' equity.
Issued common stock to investors in exchange for cash received from investors.
Paid monthly rent.
Received cash from customers when service was performed.
Billed customers for services performed.
Answer:
Issued Common Stock to Investors in exchange for Cash received from investors
Stockholders Equity = Increase
Assets = Increase
Liabilities = No Effect
Paid Monthly Rent
Assets = Decrease
Stockholders equity = Decrease
Liabilities = No Effect
Received cash from customers when service is performed
Assets = Increase
Stockholders Equity = Increase
Liabilities = No Effect
Billed Customers when service is performed
Assets = Increase
Liabilities = No Effect
Stockholders Equity = Increase
Explanation:
Issued Common Stock to Investors in exchange for Cash received from investors
Stockholders Equity increase due to increase in issue of additional common stock.
Assets increase due to inflow of asset of Cash resulting from the issue.
Paid Monthly Rent
Stockholders equity decrease due to increase in an expense item (Rent) which decreases profits attributable to stockholders.
Assets decrease due to outflow of economic benefits in form of cash.
Received cash from customers when service is performed
Shareholders Equity increase increase due to inflow of economic benefits in form of revenue, which would consequently increase profit attributable to shareholders.
Assets are increasing due to inflow of economic benefits in form of cash.
Billed Customers when service is performed
Assets are increasing due to increase of future economic benefit in form of Accounts Receivable.
Shareholders Equity increase increase due to inflow of economic benefits in form of revenue, which would consequently increase profit attributable to shareholders.
Each transaction affects assets, liabilities and equity differentially. Issuing common stock increases both assets and equity. Paying rent decreases assets only. Receiving cash from performed services increases assets and equity. Lastly, billing customers for performed services also increases assets and equity.
Explanation:1. Issued common stock to investors in exchange for cash: This transaction increases both the assets (cash) and the equity (investment from stockholders). It means the company's assets grow due to the influx of cash, and simultaneously, the equity or stockholders' equity also increases because the issuance of common stocks represents ownership in the company.
2. Paid monthly rent: This transaction decreases your assets (outflow of cash) but doesn't influence liabilities or stockholders' equity. The cash paid for the rent represents an outflow from the company’s assets.
3. Received cash from customers when service was performed: This transaction increases assets (cash inflow) and equity (earned revenue from service provided). The revenue received is recorded as an increase in assets and equity because the company is responsible to its shareholders for this income.
4. Billed customers for services performed: This transaction increases assets (accounts receivable) and equity (earned revenue). Although cash is not received, an increase in accounts receivable indicates a right to receive money in the future, thus therefore increasing both assets and equity.
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What would happen if we use the WACC for all projects regardless of risk? Assume the WACC = 15% Project Required Return IRR A 20% 17% B 15% 18% C 10% 12%
Answer and Explanation:
. What would happen if we use the WACC for all projects regardless of risk?
Ans. If we use the WACC for all projects, we might end up favoring risky projects. We could also potentially reject +NPV less risky project. Thus will lead to poor decision making. We must adjust the WACC to accommodate for risk of a project.
. Assume the WACC = 15%
Project Required Return IRR
A 20% 17%
B 15% 18%
C 10% 12%
which project would be accepted if they used the WACC for the discount rate ? explain why .
Ans. Considering WACC of 15%, acceptable projects would be - Project A & B, since these have IRR>WACC.
. which project would be accepted if you use the required return based on the risk of the project ? explain why
Ans. Considering required rate of return given:
Project Required Return IRR
A 20% 17%
B 15% 18%
C 10% 12%
Reject A (since IRR < Required return)
Accept B & C (since IRR > Required return)
The mass of the box is 5kg (the mass center is located in the middle of the box), the mass of a lower arm plus a hand is 1.5 kg (the mass center is located in the middle of the segment), an upper arm weighs 2 kg (the mass center is located in the middle of this segment), and the total mass of the head and torso is 27 kg. Assuming g=10N/kg and 1 iinch=2.54 cm, how large is the force exerted by the back extensor muscles at the L5/S1 in Newtons? How large is the compression force at the L5/S1? How large is the shear force at the L5/S1?
Answer:
Force of Compression= 1,315.322 N
Shear Force = 0 N
Explanation:
Given
Mass of Box = 5kg
Mass of lower arm = 1.5kg
Mass of upper arm = 2kg
Mass of Torso = 27kg
Calculating the weight of the parameters above
Weight of Box = Wbox = 5kg * 10N/kg = 50N
Weight of Lower arm = Wlow = 1.5 * 10 = 15N
Weight of Upper arm = Wup = 2 * 10 = 20N
Weight of Torso = Wtor = 27 * 10 = 270N
The force on the muscle is calculated by the following:
Fmus= Wbox* a/5 + Wlow* b/5 + Wup*c/5 where a,b, and c represents the corresponding lengths of each weights
Calculating a,b and c (See attachment) where angles are 30° and 20°
a = (sin 30) * 14.2 + (cos 20) * 14.5
a = 7.1 + 13.6 = 20.7 in.
b = 13.6 + (7.1/2) = 17.2 in.
c = (14.5/2) cos 20 = 6.8 in
Fmus= 50 * 20.7/5+ 15* 2 * 17.2/5+ 20* 2 *6.8/5 = 364.3N
.... * 2.54 inch
Fmus = 364.3 * 2.54 = 925.322N
Force of compression is calculated as
Fcomp= Fmus + Wtor + Wbox+ 2* Wlow+ 2* Wup
Fcom = 925.322 + 270 + 50 + 2 * 15 + 2 * 20
Fcomp = 1,315.322 N
Fshear = 0 N because no force perpendicular to L5/S1
Given the complexity of the human body and the multiplicity of forces at work during lifting, the specific values of force exerted by the back, compression force, and shear force at the L5/S1 cannot be calculated directly from the provided mass values without additional parameters, such as body positions, angles, and distances between joints.
Explanation:The forces and torques involved when an individual lifts an object are complex and multifaceted, especially when the load is asymmetric or not centered. Taking into account the provided masses, the force exerted by the back extensor muscles at the L5/S1, the compression force at the L5/S1 and the shear force at the L5/S1 cannot be calculated directly from the given values. Detailed parameters like the position of the individual, the angle of bend, distances between joints, and the direction of the forces are not provided.
The body can be thought of as a series of levers and pulleys, with the muscles, bones, and joints working together to create movement. For instance, the forces and torques in muscles and joints can be tremendous when lifting, especially when the lever arms involved are relatively large. It is also worth highlighting that the force required by the muscle is typically higher than the weight being lifted due to the mechanical disadvantage created by our anatomy.
Therefore, in order to accurately determine the three types of forces at the vertebrae L5/S1 during a lift, a comprehensive understanding of biomechanics is required, along with the usage of kinetic equations, principles of equilibrium and anthropometric data.
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Beth has just signed a contract to work for a bank. A clause in the contract says that before she begins work, she must pass a drug test and should drug use be discovered, the contract becomes void. This clause would be a
The given clause would be a condition subsequent.
Explanation:
The condition subsequent means bringing up an end to an event or contract legally. The contract that Beth has signed says that whenever she starts the work she has to take and pass a drug test. If she fails in that, that is if any drug usage has been found then the contract becomes null.
This implies that Beth is under a conditional subsequent where if the usage of drugs are detected then she will not be to work in the bank anymore. The condition subsequent is frequently used as a legal contract.
The marginal productivity theory states that if a firm operates in a perfectly competitive factor market, it pays each factor of production its marginal revenue product. However, this theory may fail to hold if factor markets are not competitive.
One circumstance under which factor markets may fail to be competitive is if there is imperfect information.
Which of the following are ways in which firms seek to overcome information problems? Select all that apply.
a) Only hiring workers who have earned good grades in college.
b) Always hiring from the outside to avoid being accused of discrimination.
c) Promoting workers from within the company who have shown themselves to be productive, rather than hiring from outside.
Answer:
The answer is A.
Explanation:
A perfectly competitive factor market can be defined as a perfectly competitive market where all the products produced by different manufacturers are the same, the product cost and the price of the product are known to all parties etc.
Imperfect information in economics refers to a situation where the information among different parties such as manufacturer, consumer etc is not equal and balanced.
The correct answer among the given options is A, hiring workers that have earned good grades in college to make up for the information imbalance and overcome the imperfect information problem.
I hope this answer helps.
To overcome imperfect information in factor markets, firms may rely on academic achievements as indicators of productivity or promote from within to assess worker capabilities based on observed performance.
Explanation:The marginal productivity theory suggests that firms operating in a perfectly competitive factor market pay each factor of production its marginal revenue product. However, when these markets are not perfectly competitive, firms may face imperfect information, resulting in various strategies to overcome this issue.
Firms seek to overcome information problems through different methods, such as:
Only hiring workers who have earned good grades in college as a signal of their potential productivity.Promoting workers from within the company who have proven their productivity, rather than hiring from outside, which can also help to reduce the imperfect information about worker capabilities.These strategies help firms to approximate the marginal productivity of potential and current employees, thereby assisting in making informed hiring and promotion decisions.
An investor considers investing $20,000 in the stock market. He believes that the probability is 0.20 that the economy will improve, 0.46 that it will stay the same, and 0.34 that it will deteriorate. Further, if the economy improves, he expects his investment to grow to $26,000, but it can also go down to $17,000 if the economy deteriorates. If the economy stays the same, his investment will stay at $20,000. What is the expected value of his investment?
Answer:
$20,180
Explanation:
The expected value (EV) refers to the future value of an investment that is being anticipated.
In probability distribution, EV of an investment is calculated by adding all the multiplications of each of the possible outcomes and the probability of occurrence of each of the outcome.
Therefore, the expected value of the investment of the investor can be calculated as follows:
EV of Investment = (0.20 × $26,000) + (0.46 × $20,000) + (0.34 × $17,000)
= $5,200 + $9,200 + $5,780
= $20,180.
Therefore, the expected value of his investment $20,180.
The expected value of the $20,000 investment, given the probabilities of economic improvement, stagnation, or deterioration, is calculated to be $20,800.
Explanation:The expected value of an investment is calculated by multiplying each possible outcome by its respective probability and summing the results. In this scenario, the investor expects his investment to grow to $26,000 with a probability of 0.20 if the economy improves, and it can decrease to $17,000 with a probability of 0.34 if the economy deteriorates.
If the economy stays the same, his investment remains at $20,000 with a probability of 0.46.
Using these probabilities and outcomes, the expected value is calculated as
(0.20 * $26,000) + (0.46 * $20,000) + (0.34 * $17,000) = $20,800.
You are thinking about renting a room in a house next year with three of your friends. For each month’s rent, you are willing to pay $580, your first friend is willing to pay $550, your second friend is willing to pay $560, and your third friend is willing to pay $610. The landlord agrees to offer each of you separate leases but will charge you all the same price: $550.You decide this is a good deal, so you and your friends move in. A couple of months later, you learn from someone who knows the landlord that he would have been willing to rent each room for $500 per month.a. What is the amount of producer surplus per month?b. What is the amount of the total consumer surplus per month?c. What is the total amount of surplus each month?
The producer surplus per month is $200, the total consumer surplus per month is $100, and the total surplus each month is $300.
Explanation:In the given scenario, we need to calculate the producer surplus, consumer surplus, and total surplus. The producer surplus per month is the difference between what the landlord receives ($550) and what he would have been willing to accept ($500). This gives a producer surplus of $50 per room, or $200 for all four rooms.
The consumer surplus is the difference between what each person is willing to pay and what they actually pay (all paying $550). So, for you, the consumer surplus is $30 (580-550), for friend one it is $0, for friend two it's $10 (560-550), and for friend three it's $60 (610-550). Adding all these consumer surpluses, the total consumer surplus is $100 per month.
Lastly, total surplus per month is the sum of producer surplus and consumer surplus, totaling to $300 per month.
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You will not receive the government funding for the project. Now, the Town has come to you and told you that they need a bathroom added on the first floor of the building to accommodate visitors with disabilities. This is a requirement of the law and they state that you should have known they would be asking for this change and that they do not think they should pay more for it based on that. Discuss the implications to your project and how you will respond to the demand.
Answer:
As per law providing basic amenities is compulsory and a government project needs to follow every rule set by law and hence this must have been included in the plan. So we need to modify the plan and provide the bathroom and also we cannot claim extra funds for this as the budget provided to us include all the basic amenities. As per the National Disability Authority , disabled individuals need to be given with specially designed toilets with specified dimensions and all these must be provided in public buildings such as libraries and schools and they are as a part of the funds provided by government. So the plan need to be modified and include the bathroom in the first floor making sure we follow the rules and also we need to adjust the budget provided and utilize it.
Answer:
Even though the government is not funding the project, they still request for an additional bathroom to accommodate visitor with disabilities and as a requirement of the Law, you will be obligated to adhere.
Businesses are charged with corporate social responsibilities of this sort by communities where it is domiciled.
However, the implications of this request on you projects is a s follow
Explanation:
1. Additional Cost: Absence of government funding is already a red alert and any other amount that is available will be on a lean budget. introducing an additional toilet will be a strain on the business.
Still it is better to adhere to the legislation in place so that your business will operate effectively.
2. GOODWILL: corporate social responsibility is goodwill for your business and well worth the additional cost it may accrue.
Dessa Cabinetry, Inc., manufactures standard sized modular cabinet units for kitchens and other applications within the home. Its costing system utilizes two cost categories, direct materials and conversion costs. Each product must pass through the rough cut department and the finish department. Direct materials are added at the beginning of production. Conversion costs are allocated evenly throughout production.
Data for Finishing Department for March 2017 are:
Work in process, beginning inventory, 20% converted 1,000 units
Units started during February 1,800 units
Work in process, ending inventory 500 units
Costs for Finishing department for March 2017 are:
Work in process, beginning inventory:
Direct materials $200,000
Conversion costs $204,000
Direct materials costs added during February $428,000
Conversion costs added during February $141,000
How many units were completed and transferred out of the Finishing department during March?
Answer:
2,300 units
Explanation:
Given that,
Data for Finishing Department for March 2017:
Work in process, beginning inventory, 20% converted = 1,000 units
Units started during February = 1,800 units
Work in process, ending inventory = 500 units
Units completed and transferred out:
= Work in process, beginning inventory + Units started during month - Work in process, ending inventory
= 1,000 units + 1,800 units - 500 units
= 2,300 units
Final answer:
The number of units completed and transferred out of the Finishing Department during March 2017 is 2,300 units. This calculation is based on the total units accounted for (beginning work in process plus units started) minus the units in ending work in process.
Explanation:
The student is asking about completing a calculation to determine the number of units completed and transferred out of the Finishing Department for a manufacturing company, Dessa Cabinetry, Inc., during March 2017. Given the data provided, we start with the total number of units accounted for, which includes the units in starting work in process (WIP), plus the units started in the month, and then subtract the units remaining in ending WIP. So, the calculation is as follows:
Units from beginning WIP: 1,000 unitsUnits started this period: 1,800 unitsTotal units accounted for: 1,000 units + 1,800 units = 2,800 unitsEnding WIP: 500 unitsUnits completed and transferred out: 2,800 units - 500 units = 2,300 unitsThus, the number of units completed and transferred out of the Finishing Department during March 2017 is 2,300 units.
Why are public works projects like the Honolulu Rail project nearly impossible to stop once they have been approved, even if later cost estimates skyrocket?
There are several reasons why this type of projects are nearly impossible to stop once they have been approved, even when costs skyrocket.
First, it is difficult to stop these projects because, when these start, a lot of moeny is put into them. When the cost begins to skyrocket, people believe that to stop the project would mean wasting all the money already invested. This prevents people from stopping the projects.
Another reason is the fact that many different companies, investors and institutions are involved in these projects. Coordination is difficult, and pmany parties have a vested interest in the completion of such works. This makes it difficult for the different parties to agree on the right moment to stop.
Public works projects become difficult to stop due to intertwined political interests, potential benefits for local contractors, and their political popularity. While these projects may become excessively costly, they often continue due to the political goodwill they generate.
Explanation:Public works projects like the Honolulu Rail project become nearly impossible to stop once they have been approved, even if later cost estimates skyrocket, due to a number of factors. Firstly, these projects become a part of political dynamics as lawmakers often make investments in such projects as a way of spending money in key politicians' districts. Once a project is underway, even if the costs increase, it's often difficult to halt due to the political pressure and vested interests that have been invested in the project.
Furthermore, local contractors who may make campaign contributions to influential politicians also stand to gain from these projects. This often results in scenarios where these projects can become excessively costly.
Another factor is the political popularity that the initiation of such projects can bring. This means that the decision to spend on infrastructure does not just have to make economic sense, it also has to align with current political agendas and public opinion to be carried forward.
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