If the detergent requires using 0.61 kg detergent per load of laundry, determine what percentage (by mass) of the detergent should be sodium carbonate in order to completely precipitate all of the calcium and magnesium ions in an average load of laundry water.

Answer: polar solvent

Explanation:

Polarity can be said to mean, charge separation. Thus, polar solvents are solvents that have charge separation and the ability to solvate i.e dissolve ions.

A polar solvent molecule has slight electrical charge as a result of its shape. A typical and most common example is water, with an oxygen and two hydrogen atoms. The two hydrogen atoms are at an angle to the single oxygen atom. Water is the classic polar solvent. The oxygen atom tends to polarize electron density to itself.

Answer:

The answers to the question are

a. Percentage yield  = 86.804 %

b. Percentage yield =92.2 %

c. 3.09×10⁶ kg of CS₂ should be reacted to obtain 5.00 × 10⁴ kg of CCl₄ at 83.3 % yield

c. (i) 4.39×10⁶ kg of S₂Cl₂ will be produced alongside at 83.3 %yield

Explanation:

a.To solve the question, we note that in the chemical reaction

1 mole of CS₂ reacts with 3 moles of Cl₂ to produce 1 mole of CCl₄ and 1 mole of S₂Cl₂

Mass of CCl₄ produced = 719 kg (Actual yield)

Mass of CS₂ in the reaction = 410 kg

Molar mass of CCl₄ = 153.82 g/mol,

Number of moles of CCl₄ =[tex]\frac{Mass}{Molar mass}[/tex] = 719/153.82 = 4.674 moles

Molar mass of CS₂ = 76.139 g/mol

Number of moles of CS₂ =[tex]\frac{Mass}{Molar mass}[/tex] = 410/76.139 = 5.385 moles

Therefore theoretical yield of CCl₄= 5.385 moles×153.82 g/mol

= 828.303 kg

Percentage yield = [tex]\frac{Actual Yield}{Theoretical Yield} *100[/tex] → [tex]\frac{719}{828.303} *100[/tex] = 86.804 %

b. Mass of the Cl₂ used in the reaction = 67.5 g

Mass of S₂Cl₂ produced =39.5 g (Actual yield)

Molar mass of Cl₂ = 70.906 g/mol

Number of moles of Cl₂ =67.5/70.906 = 0.952 moles

Molar mass of S₂Cl₂ = 135.04 g/mol

Number of moles of S₂Cl₂ =39.5/135.04 = 0.293 moles

However here  3 moles of  Cl₂ produces 1 mole of S₂Cl₂, therefore 0.952 moles of Cl₂ will produce 0.952/3 or 0.317 moles of S₂Cl₂

Therefore actual yield = 0.317 moles ×135.04 g/mol = 42.851 g

Percentage yield = 39.5/42.851×100 =92.2 %

c. To produce 5.00 × 10⁴ kg at 83.3 % yield

We have Percentage yield =   [tex]\frac{Actual Yield}{Theoretical Yield} *100[/tex], we have

Theoretical yield =  [tex]\frac{Actual Yield}{Percentage Yield} *100[/tex] = [tex]\frac{500*10^4}{83.3} *100[/tex] = 600.24 × 10⁴ kg

Number of moles of CCl₄ in 600.24 × 10⁴ kg of CCl₄ is given as

600.24 × 10⁷ g/153.82 g/mol, = 39022240.023 moles

Since 1 mole of CS₂ is required to produce 1 mole of CCl₄. then 39022240.023 moles of CS₂ is required to produce 39022240.023 moles of CCl₄ theoretically

mass of required CS₂ = Number of moles ×Molar mass of CS₂ = 39022240.023 moles  × 76.139 g/mol = 3088181053.204 = 3.09×10⁶ kg

Therefore 3.09×10⁶ kg should be reacted to obtain 5.00 × 10⁴ kg of CCl₄

Mass of 39022240.023 moles of  S₂Cl₂ is given by

39022240.023 moles × 135.04 g/mol = 5269563292.7466 g  which at 83.3 % yield gives 0.833 ×5269563292.7466 g = 4389546222.8579 g

= 4389546.2228579 kg = 4.39×10⁶ kg of S₂Cl₂

Final answer:

The calculation involves determining percentage yields and quantities of reactants and products in the reaction for carbon tetrachloride production, highlighting the importance of stoichiometry and efficiency in industrial processes.

Explanation:

The question involves the calculation of percentage yields and amounts of reactants and products in a chemical reaction that produces carbon tetrachloride, CCl4, from carbon disulfide, CS2, and chlorine, Cl2, with disulfur dichloride, S2Cl2, as a byproduct. This is a real-world application related to the manufacturing process of carbon tetrachloride and its safety implications due to its carcinogenic properties.

To calculate the percentage yield of CCl4, we use the formula: Percentage Yield = (Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield) × 100.The amount of a reactant or product can be determined by using stoichiometry based on the balanced chemical equation.The calculation of the required amount of reactant for a desired product yield is crucial in industrial processes to ensure efficiency and cost-effectiveness.

Answer:

A.

A chemical reaction was producing a new substance.

Explanation:

Equation of the reaction

NaOH + HCl --> NaCl + H2O

Heat of neutralization is the amount of heat evolved when one mole of acid reacts with one mole of an alkaline to form one mole of water.

When a neutralisation reaction is carried out, there is an exothermic change; energy released into the surroundings therefore since heat is given out which is what is felt.

Answer:

9.43 L^-2mol^-2

Explanation:

The ICE table was constructed and shown in the image attached. After construction of the ICE table, the equilibrium constant is easily determined from the equation of the reaction and law of active masses as shown in the image attached.

The equilibrium constant temperature is "9.43".

Initial concentration:

[tex]\to [CO] = 0.27 \ M\\\\[/tex]

[tex]\to [H_2] = 0.49\ M\\\\[/tex]

Using the ICE table for constructed as follows:

Equation:

[tex]CO(g) + 2H_2\ (g) \rightleftharpoons CH_3OH(g)\\\\[/tex]

Initial [tex]\ (M): \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0.27 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0.49 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0\\\\[/tex]

Change[tex]\ (M): \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ -x \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ - 2x \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ -x\\\\[/tex]

Equal [tex]\ (M) : \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0.27-X \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0.49-2x \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ x \\\\[/tex]

[tex]\to [(CH_3OH)]_{equil} = (x) M\ = 0.11\ M\\\\ \to x= 0.11 \\\\[/tex]

Calculating the equilibrium concentration of [tex]H_2[/tex]:

[tex]\to [H_2] = (0.49-2x)\ M[/tex]

           [tex]= (0.49-2\times 0.11)\ M \\\\ = (0.49- 0.22)\ M \\\\= 0.27\ M \\\\[/tex]

Calculating the equilibrium concentration of [tex]CO[/tex]:

[tex]\to [CO] = (0.27 - x)\ M[/tex]

            [tex]= (0.27 -0.11) \ M \\\\ = 0.16\ M \\\\[/tex]

Calculating the equilibrium constant value:

[tex]\to K_c =\frac{[CH_3OH ]}{[CO][H_2]^2}[/tex]

         [tex]=\frac{(0.11)}{(0.16)(0.27)^2} \\\\ =\frac{(0.11)}{(0.16)(0.0729)} \\\\ =\frac{(0.11)}{(0.011664)} \\\\= 9.43[/tex]

Therefore, the final answer is "9.43"

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Answer:

C.  CO2 exists in relatively high concentrations.  

Explanation:

From the available options:

A.  CO2 molecules are highly symmetrical.  

B.  CO2 has a low molar mass.  

C.  CO2 exists in relatively high concentrations.  

D.  CO2 is formed in the combustion of fossil fuels.  

The focus on CO2 as far as global warming is concerned is not because It has a high global warming potential but because of its relatively high concentration in the atmosphere as a result of both natural and anthropological activities.

The correct option is C.

Answer:

The answer to the question is

Fraction of solution in reaction = 1.18 × 10⁻¹⁷

Explanation:

The reaction is as follows

H₂SO₄ ⇆ H⁺ + HSO₄⁻

Negative electrode

Pb +  HSO₄⁻ ⇆ PbSO₄ + H⁺ + 2e⁻

That is one mole of H₂SO₄ produces 2 moles of electtrons to the negative electrode

number of electrons in one mole of electrons = Avogadro's number =6.02×10²³

Therefore 7 moles will produce 14 moles of electtrons

Total number of electrons = 14 × 6.02×10²³ = 8.428×10²⁴ electrons

Fraction of electron produced = Fraction of solution in chemical reaction

= 1.0×10⁸÷8.428×10²⁴ = 1.18 × 10⁻¹⁷

Fraction of solution in reaction = 1.18 × 10⁻¹⁷

Rise in temperature is 15°C.

Explanation:

We know that

Q = m [tex]\times[/tex] c [tex]\times[/tex] ΔT

Q - heat required

m - mass of the substance

c - specific heat capacity

ΔT - change in temperature

Given :

1 cup of water = 250 mL =250 g

specific heat capacity of water = 4.184 J/g°C

temperature rises by 5°C

[tex]Q = 250 \times 4.184 \times 5[/tex]

[tex]Q = 5230 J[/tex]

If three times of heat is added

[tex]Q = 5230 \times 3[/tex]

[tex]Q = 15690 J[/tex]

Therefore

[tex]15690 = 250 \times 4.184 \times \triangle T[/tex]

[tex]\triangle T = \frac{15690}{250 \times 4.184}[/tex]

[tex]\triangle T = 15[/tex]

Rise in temperature is 15°C.

The First 2 statements stated above were false whereas the third one is a true statement.

Explanation:

Reason - The viscosity of bitumen is about not 100 times greater than the viscosity of water, it is actually 100, 000 times greater.

Reason- Oil from oil sand deposits is not obtained by first heating the sands at high temperatures but by using steams

Answer:

35Cl = 75.9 %

37Cl = 24.1 %

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

The relative atomic mass of Chlorine = 35.45 amu

Mass of the isotopes:

35Cl = 34.96885269 amu

37Cl = 36.96590258 amu

Step 2: Calculate percentage abundance

35.45 = x*34.96885269 + y*36.96590258

x+y = 1  x = 1-y

35.45 = (1-y)*34.96885269 + y*36.96590258

35.45 = 34.96885269 - 34.96885269y +36.96590258y

0.48114731 = 1,99704989‬y

y = 0.241 = 24.1 %

35Cl = 34.96885269 amu = 75.9 %

37Cl = 36.96590258 amu = 24.1 %

Answer:A. Increases

Explanation:

Heating or an increase in temperature increases the kinetic energy of particles thereby increasing their motion and how they relate and react with one another.

Increase in the temperature of the solvent is directly proportional to the rate of dissolution. The rate of dissolution increases due to the increase in kinetic energy. This makes the solvent particles interact faster with the solute particles thereby increasing the dissolution rate.

Answer : The amount gas still in the tank is, 9 gallons

Explanation : Given,

Volume of tank of a car = 24 gallons

Total gasoline gauge shows the tank is 3/8 full.

Now we have to calculate the amount gas still in the tank.

The amount gas still in the tank = [tex]24\text{ gallons}\times frac{3}{8}[/tex]

The amount gas still in the tank = [tex]9\text{ gallons}[/tex]

Thus, the amount gas still in the tank is, 9 gallons

The car's gas tank, which holds 24 gallons, is ⅓ full, equating to 9 gallons of gas remaining in the tank.

The car's gas tank holds 24 gallons, and the gasoline gauge shows that the tank is ⅓ full. To find out how much gas is still in the tank, you should multiply the total capacity of the tank by the fraction that represents how full it is. In this case, you would calculate:

24 gallons × ⅓ = 24 gallons × 3/8 = 9 gallons.

So, there are 9 gallons of gasoline still in the tank.

Answer:

0.93 g of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate is required.

Explanation:

Molarity of a solution = (Number of moles of solute in solution)/(Volume of solution in liter)

Here, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate is the solute.

Volume of solution = 0.250 L

Molarity of solution to be prepared = 0.010 M

So, number of moles of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate required = [tex](0.250\times 0.010)[/tex] moles = 0.0025 moles

We know, number of moles = (mass)/(molar mass)

So, mass of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate required = [tex](372.24\times 0.0025)g[/tex] = 0.93 g

Hence, 0.93 g of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate is required.

Final answer:

To prepare a 0.010 M solution of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, multiply the molarity (0.010 M) by the volume (0.250 L) and the molar mass (372.24 g/mol), resulting in 0.9306 g of the compound, rounded to four significant figures.

Explanation:

To calculate the mass of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate needed to prepare a 0.010 M solution, we use the formula mass = molarity (M) × volume (L) × molar mass (g/mol). Here, we have a molarity (M) of 0.010 and a volume (V) of 250 mL, which is equivalent to 0.250 L. The molar mass (Mm) is given as 372.24 g/mol. The calculation is as follows:

Mass = 0.010 M × 0.250 L × 372.24 g/mol

Mass = 0.9306 g of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate

This value is rounded to four significant figures because the molarity is given to two decimal places and the volume is given to three significant figures, making the least number of significant figures two (for the molarity).

Answer:

55.75g

Explanation:

From

m/M = CV

Where

m= required mass of solute

M= molar mass of solute

C= concentration of solution

V= volume of solution=675ml

Molar mass of solute= 3(23) + 31 + 4(16)= 69+31+64=164gmol-1

Number of moles of sodium ions present= 1.5× 675/1000= 1.01 moles

Since 1 mole of Na3PO4 contains 3 moles of Na+

It implies that 1.01/3 moles of Na3PO4 are present in solution= 0.34moles

mass of Na3PO4= number of moles × molar mass= 0.34 × 164 =55.75g

Answer:

Explanation:

(1) first part of solution: we know stress= Force/Area ; Force= 400lb and Area as given

(2) Second part of the solution its the standard formula for Hoop stress and the formula explains all the terms

(3) Third part of the solution we know Strain= (Change in length)/original length  and also the strain are substituted in terms of strain and youngs modulus

Further explanation are given in the attach document.

The normal stress in the band is 1600 psi. The pressure exerted on the cylinder is 25 psi. The distance elongation of the half band stretch is 0.0140 in

From the given information, the stress in the steel band can be determined by using the formula:

[tex]\mathbf{\sigma _1 = \dfrac{F}{A}}[/tex]

where;

∴

[tex]\mathbf{\sigma _1 = \dfrac{400 }{ 2 \times \dfrac{1}{8} }}[/tex]

[tex]\mathbf{\sigma _1 = \dfrac{400 \times 8 }{ 2 }}[/tex]

[tex]\mathbf{\sigma _1 = 1600 \ psi}[/tex]

The hoop stress as a result of the pressure applied while tightening the bolts is estimated by using the expression:

[tex]\mathbf{\sigma = \dfrac{pr}{t}}[/tex]

[tex]\mathbf{1600= \dfrac{p\times 8}{1/8}}[/tex]

p = 25 psi

The distance elongation of the half band stretch is computed by using the formula:

[tex]\mathbf{\delta = \varepsilon _1L}[/tex]

[tex]\mathbf{\delta = \dfrac{\sigma}{E}\times \pi \times r_{mean}}[/tex]

[tex]\mathbf{\delta = \dfrac{1600}{29*10^{5}}\times \pi \times (8+ \dfrac{1}{16})}[/tex]

[tex]\mathbf{\delta =0.01397 \ in}[/tex]

[tex]\mathbf{\delta \simeq0.0140 \ in}[/tex]

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Answer:

Be more constrained in structure

Explanation:

This is because double bonds confer unsaturation on an organic molecules. The molecules are more ordered as they have lesser number of hydrogen atoms in them.

Having same number of carbon atoms means they are corresponding molecules.

For example. Ethyne is corresponding to ethane. Since ethyne has less number of hydrogen atoms than ethane, it will be more constrained in structure than ethane.

A hydrocarbon chain with the same number of carbon atoms, but with one or more double bonds, will be more constrained in structure.

A hydrocarbon is any of a class of organic chemicals made up of only the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H).

This is because double bonds unsaturation on an organic molecules. The molecules are more ordered as they have lesser number of hydrogen atoms in them.

Having same number of carbon atoms means they are corresponding molecules.

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Answer:

(b) 50 mL = 0.50 L

Explanation:

Metric system is a measurement system that uses decimalized in all their factor, which mean every rank difference can be expressed as a factor of 10(deci=10). The decimalized number makes it easier to convert the unit, make the metric system easier to be learned and used.  

The Metric system will use a prefix to determine the factor, a kilo is 1000, mili is 1/1000, centi is 1/100, pico is 1/10^12.

(a) 1 km = 1000 m  

True, kilo is 1000

(b) 50 mL = 0.50 L

This option is false. mili is 1/1000, so 50/1000= 0.05 L

(c) 125 mm = 12.5 cm  

True, mili is 1/1000 while centi is 1/100.  

So 125mm will be: 125mm * 100mm/1000cm= 12.5cm

(d) 23 pm = 0.000  000  000  023 m

True, pico is 10^-12

Final answer:

The incorrect metric system conversions are option (b), 50 mL = 0.50 L (it should be 0.05 L), and option (c) is correct, with 125 mm actually equaling 12.5 cm. The other options (a) and (d) are correctly converted.

Explanation:

The incorrect conversions in the metric system from the options provided are:

The correct conversions are:

To clarify option (b), it is important to remember that 1 liter (L) equals 1000 milliliters (mL). Therefore, 50 mL should be divided by 1000 to convert to liters, which results in 0.05 L, not 0.50 L.

Answer:

[tex]\large \boxed{\text{86.8 L}}[/tex]

Explanation:

The temperature and amount of gas are constant, so we can use Boyle’s Law.

[tex]p_{1}V_{1} = p_{2}V_{2}[/tex]

Data:

[tex]\begin{array}{rclrcl}p_{1}& =& \text{0.579 atm}\qquad & V_{1} &= & \text{150 L} \\p_{2}& =& \text{1.00 atm}\qquad & V_{2} &= & ?\\\end{array}[/tex]

Calculations:  

[tex]\begin{array}{rcl}0.579 \times 150 & =& 1.00V_{2}\\86.85 & = & 1.00V_{2}\\V_{2} & = &\dfrac{86.85}{1.00}\\\\& = &\textbf{86.8}\\\end{array}\\\text{The new volume of the gas is } \large \boxed{\textbf{86.8 L}}[/tex]

Answer:

Explanation:

In CF4 and NF3, the valence electron groups on the central C and N atoms have a tetrahedral arrangement. The shapes of the molecules are determined by the number of bonding and nonbonding of electrons: since CF4 has four bonded atom(s) and zero lone pair(s) of electrons, the shape is tetrahedral.

CF4 and NF3 have electron groups which are arranged tetrahedrally. CF4, having four bonded atoms and no lone pairs, has a tetrahedral shape. NF3, having three bonded atoms and a lone pair of electrons, has a trigonal pyramidal shape.

In CF4 (Carbon Tetrafluoride) and NF3 (Nitrogen Trifluoride), the electron groups on the central carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) atoms have a tetrahedral arrangement. The shapes of these molecules are determined by the number of lone pairs of electrons.

In CF4, there are four bonded atoms and no lone pair of electrons, thus, the shape is tetrahedral. On the other hand, in NF3, nitrogen is bonded to three fluorine atoms and has one lone pair of electrons, so it has a trigonal pyramidal shape.

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Answer:

Stomata

Explanation:

Each plant possesses openings on its leaves known as stomata. Stomata are very important for gaseous exchange in plants. Gases enter and leave the plant via the stomata on the leaves.

Carbon dioxide required for photosynthesis is found in air. It enters into the plant through the stomata on its leaves. Oxygen which is produced during photosynthesis also leaves the plant leaves through the stomata on the leaves.

The concentration of the stock solution is 0.029 M

The concentration of the solution A is 0.00145 M.

0.000058 moles/litre is the concentration of Solution B.

0.00000116 moles/ litre is the concentration of solution C.

Explanation:

Weight of the manganese metal dissolved is 1.584 and diluted in 1000 ml.

The number of moles of manganese will be calculated as

Number of moles = mass ÷ atomic mass  (atomic mass of manganese = 54.93 gram/mole)

Thus number of moles = 1.584 ÷ 54.93

                                        = 0.029 moles

Molarity or concentration of the Mn ions is calculated by the formula:

M= n ÷ V  

M = 0.029 ÷ 1

    0.029M is the molarity of the solution given.

Now to know the molarity of solution A

It can be known by

M1V1 = M2V2

0.029 × 50 ml = M2 × 1000 ml

   M2= 0.00145 M thus the molarity of the solution A is 0.00145 M.

Molarity of solution B  ( 10 ml of solution A is diluted to 250 ml)

Applying the formula:

M1V1 = M2V2

0.00145 × 10  = M2 × 250   ( ml will be converted to L by dividing the volume with 1000)

                             M2 = 0.000058 moles/litre is the concentration of Solution B.

For solution C ( 10 ml of solution B is diluted to 500ml)

From the formula:

M2 V2 = M3V3

0.000058 × 10 = M3 × 500 ( Volume will be changed to L )

0.000058 × 0.01 = M3 × 0.5

= 0.00000116 moles/ litre is the concentration of solution C.

Answer: iron (II) Chloride can be used instead of AlCl3

Explanation:

Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction involves the introduction of alkyl group in  an aromatic ring with an alkyl halide using a strong Lewis acid, such as aluminium chloride, ferric chloride, or other MXn reagent, as catalyst.

The function of AlCl3​ or fecl3 in Friedel-Craft reaction, is to produce electrophile, which later adds to benzene ring. This electrophilic aromatic substitution allows the synthesis of monoacylated products from the reaction between arenes and acyl chlorides or anhydrides. The products are deactivated and do not undergo a second substitution. Normally, a stoichiometric amount of the Lewis acid catalyst is required for both the substrate and the product form complexes.

AlCl3​ or fecl3 (and other Lewis acids like it) will coordinate to halogens, and facilitate the breaking of these bonds. In doing so, it increases the electrophilic nature of its binding partner, making it much more reactive as to complete the reaction.

Answer:

3.98 ×10-6 mol dm-3

Explanation:

The pH is defined as the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration to base ten. This implies that when we want to obtain the concentration of hydrogen ion in moldm-3 and all we have is the pH of the solution, we simply take the antilog of the negative value of the given pH value. This follows from the definition of pH above. All these steps are shown in the image attached.

To compute the concentration of hydrogen ions [H+] from the pH of a solution, use the formula [H+] = 10^(-pH). In the given problem, where the pH is 5.4, the [H+] is approximately 3.98 *10^-6 M.

The subject of this question involves a calculation commonly performed in Chemistry related to the measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution, colloquially known as pH. The concentration of hydrogen ions, denoted as [H+], can be found from the pH using the formula: [H+] = 10^(-pH). If a solution has a pH of 5.4, the concentration of the hydrogen ions would be calculated as: [H+] = 10^ (-5.4). Using a scientific calculator to find the antilog, the [H+] is approximately 3.98 *10^-6 M.

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Explanation:

Matter are anything that is made up of atoms. The quantity of matter can be observed only on the basis of mass and volume calculation. Therefore,  all of the given choices are correct.

Matter is a substance that has some mass and can occupy some volume. The matter is mainly used in science. Matter can be solid, liquid or gas.

Matter is anything that is made up of atoms. Anything around us that can be physically seen and touched are matter. Ice, water and water vapors are example of matter. Mass can also be represented as number of molecules. Volume is measured only in liter.

CO[tex]_2[/tex] plays a vital role in maintaining Earth's temperature. CO[tex]_2[/tex] can be produced by natural and man-made processes. CO[tex]_2[/tex] is released as a product of respiration. CO[tex]_2[/tex]  is a greenhouse gas.

Therefore,  all of the given choices are correct.

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Answer:

a) atoms/cell =  8 atoms

b) FE = 0.3876

Explanation:

You have the following data:

ao=0.45258 nm

bo=0.45186 nm

co=0.76570 nm

density=p=5.904 g/cm^3

atomic weight=69.72 g/mol

Avogadro number = 6.02x10^23 atom/mol

a) The number of atoms per cell is calculated by clearing it from the density formula:

atoms/cell = (px(cell volume)x(Avogadro number))/atomic weight

cell volume = aoxboxco = (0.45258x10^-7cm)x(0.45186x10^-7cm)x(0.76570x10^-7cm) = 1.5659x10^-22 cm^3

replacing values:

atoms/cell = ((5.904 g/cm^3)x(1.5659x10^-22 cm^3)(6.02x10^23 atoms/cell))/69.72 g/mol = 7.9 atoms = 8 atoms

b)the packing factor is calculated by:

FE = ((atoms/cell)x(atom volume))/cell volume

atom volume = 4pixr^3/3 = 4pix(0.1219x10^-7 cm)^3/3 = 7.5875x10^-24 cm^3

FE = (8x7.5875x10^-24)/(1.5659^-22 cm^3) = 0.3876

The number of atoms in each unit cell and the packing factor in the unit cell are;

a) Number of atoms in each unit cell = 8 atoms

b) Atomic packing factor = 0.3876

We are given;

a_o = 0.45258 nm ≈ 0.45258 × 10⁻⁷ cm

b_o = 0.45186 nm = 0.45186 × 10⁻⁷ cm

c_o = 0.76570 nm = 0.7657 × 10⁻⁷ cm

Atomic radius; r = 0.1218 nm = 0.1218 × 10⁻⁷

density; ρ = 5.904 g/cm³

Atomic weight = 69.72 g/mol

Avogadro's number = 6.02 × 10²³ atom/mol

a) The number of atoms per cell is calculated by clearing it from the equation;

Number of atoms per cell = (ρ × cell volume × Avogadro number)/atomic weight

Where;

cell volume = a_o × b_o × c_o

Cell volume = 0.45258 × 10⁻⁷ × 0.45186 × 10⁻⁷ × 0.7657 × 10⁻⁷

Cell volume = 1.5659 × 10¯²² cm³

Thus;

Number of atoms per cell = (5.904 × 1.5659 × 10¯²² × 6.02 × 10²³)/69.72

Number of atoms per cell = 7.9 atoms

Number of atoms per cell ≈ 8 atoms

B) Formula for the packing factor is calculated from the formula:

Packing Factor = (number of atoms per cell x atom volume)/cell volume

Formula for atom volume is;

Atom volume = 4πr³/3

Atom volume = (4π × 0.1218 × 10⁻⁷)³/3

Atom volume = 7.5875 × 10¯²⁴ cm³

Thus;

Packing Factor = (8 x 7.5875 x 10¯²⁴)/(1.5659¯²²)

Packing Factor = 0.3876

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Objects with higher temperatures emit more electromagnetic energy than cooler objects and do so at shorter wavelengths. This results in hotter objects emitting a larger fraction of their energy as shortwave radiation compared to cooler objects.

The question asks how objects with higher temperatures behave in terms of radiation. Based on the principles of physics, objects with higher temperatures emit more electromagnetic energy and do so at shorter wavelengths compared to cooler objects. This is because a higher temperature results in more vigorous atomic collisions, releasing energy across a spectrum but more intensely at shorter wavelengths. For instance, as a metal heats up, its color changes from dull red to bright orange-red and, at even higher temperatures, to brilliant yellow or blue-white, indicating emissions at shorter wavelengths. Similarly, the sun, being much hotter than the Earth, emits most of its energy in the shortwave end of the electromagnetic spectrum, whereas the Earth emits in the longwave end.

Hence, the correct statement is: Objects with higher temperatures emit more shortwave radiation than cooler objects do. This is aligned with the scientific understanding that hotter bodies not only radiate more energy across all wavelengths compared to cooler ones but also shift their peak emission towards shorter wavelengths, thereby emitting a larger fraction of their energy at these higher frequencies and energies.

The correct answer would be....

1s^2 2s^2 2p^6

Two or more than two atoms with different physical or chemical properties can not combine together to form an element. Therefore, the electronic configuration of Neon is 1s²2s²2p⁶.

Element generally consist of atoms or we can atoms combine to form element. Atoms of an element is always same, means all the properties of all atoms of one type of element is same.

The systematic distribution of electrons in the various atomic orbitals is called its electronic configuration. The atomic number of neon is 10. The electronic configuration of neon is 1s²2s²2p⁶. 1,2,3 represents the number of shells and s and represents the orbitals. The superscripts represents the number of electrons in each orbitals.

Therefore, the electronic configuration of Neon is 1s²2s²2p⁶.

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Answer:

2.67 × 10⁻²

Explanation:

Equation for the reaction is expressed as:

CaCrO₄(s)    ⇄      Ca₂⁺(aq)         +        CrO₂⁻⁴(aq)

Given that:

Kc=7.1×10⁻⁴

Kc= [tex][Ca^{2+}][CrO^{2-}_4][/tex]

Kc= [x][x]

Kc= [x²]

7.1×10⁻⁴ =  [x²]

x = [tex]\sqrt{7.1*10^{-4}}[/tex]

x = 0.0267

x = [tex]2.67*10^{-2}[/tex]

Answer:

The answer is h = 2r cm

Explanation:

To construct the container, a rectangle-shaped piece is cut to make the cylindrical body of said container, and two circular-shaped pieces for its lids. We establish A as the total area of the container, At will be the area of the lids, Ac will be the area of the body, r will be the radius of the cylindrical body and h will be its height.

The total area A of the cylindrical container will be given by the following equation:

A = 2 π r^2 + 2 π r h

To solve the equation we will use the information from the exercise: the volume of the container is 1 liter. This means that:

Volume = π r^2 h = 1000

Clearing the height h, we have:

h = 1000/(π r^2)

Substituting this expression in the equation for area A:

A = 2 π r^2 + 2 π r h = 2 π r^2 + 2 π r (1000 / (π r^2)) = 2 π r^2 + 2000/r

A(r) = 2 π r^2 + 2000/r, condition r> 0

Optimizing this equation:

A’(r) = 4 π r - 2000/r^2 = 4 (π r^3 - 500)/r^2

If A’(r) = 0

Solving for r:

r = 3√(500/π) cm

Substituting in the equation for height:

h = 1000/(π r^2),

h = 2 3√ (500/π) = 2 r cm

Answer:

The molarity of a MnO4- solution

= 0.0342 M

Explanation:

Equation of reaction:

5Fe2 (aq) MnO4-(aq) 8H (aq) ---> 5Fe3 (aq) Mn2 (aq) 4H2O(l)

This is an example of redox titration.

Using titration formula:

CAVA/CBVA = NA/NB

where CA is the molarity of Fe2+ = (0.134 M)

CB is the molarity of MnO4- = (?????)

VA is the volume of Fe2+ = (30mL)

VB is the volume of MnO4- =(23.5mL)

NA is the numeric coefficient of Fe2+ in the equation of reaction = ( 5 )

NB is the numeric coefficient of MnO4- in the equation of reaction =(1)

Substituting the values into the formula;

0.134×30/CB×23.5 = 5/1

Therefore CB = 0.134×30/23.5×5

= 0.0342 M