Answer: informed consent
Explanation: The ethical principle of informed consent to has been compromised. Informed consent could be described as the permission granted by an individual to another person such as researcher, medical practitioner or other persons who may be in need or require the individuals data, consent or opinion in other to carry out or person certain actions or obligations. Informed consent to requires that an individual's permission is sought and his aware of all the consequences attached to granting such permission.
In the scenario above, principle of informed consent had been violated has the individual was coerced into participating in the research study.
Some students study hard beginning with the first couple of weeks of a semester because they subsequently receive very good final course grades. This best illustrates that human behavior is influenced by:
A. classical conditioning.
B. primary reinforcers.
C. latent learning.
D. delayed reinforcers.
The correct answer is letter D
Delayed reinforcement is a time delay between the desired response and the reward in the Operant Conditioning.
Operant conditioning (sometimes referred to as instrumental conditioning) is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior.
Final answer:
Operant conditioning in psychology and its influence on human behavior through delayed reinforcers.
Explanation:
Operant conditioning best illustrates how human behavior is influenced by delayed reinforcers. In operant conditioning, behaviors are modified based on the consequences that follow them. For example, students studying hard at the start of the semester to get good final grades is a clear example of how delayed reinforcers shape behavior.
__________ are especially susceptible to television violence. A) Preschoolers B) Ten- to 12-year-olds C) Young teens D) Older teens Group of answer choices
Answer:
c
Explanation:
in my opinion, i believe this to be true most of my family and friend are mostly into violence movies and TV shows
Preschoolers are the most susceptible to television violence. This is due mainly to their developmental stage which makes them more likely to mimic what they see and less capable of distinguishing between reality and fiction. Exposure to television violence can lead to increased aggression in this age group.
Explanation:The age group that is especially susceptible to television violence is A) Preschoolers. This is based on the findings from a study by Miller, L. E., Grabell, A., Thomas, A., Bermann, E., & Graham-Bermann, S. A. (2012) which indicates the association between exposure to television violence and aggression among preschoolers. Exposure to conflict, such as community violence or parental conflict, during these formative years was found linked to increase in aggression.
In addition, preschoolers are in a stage of development where they are more likely to imitate what they see and less capable of discerning between reality and fiction. This also contributes to their susceptibility to the influences of television violence.
It is crucial for caretakers to monitor and control the type of content preschoolers are exposed to on television, as the adverse effects of exposure to violence can surface in their interactions with their peers and in other aspects of their life.
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Being abandoned by our friends is the cause of great sorrow for us:____________A . Our being abandoned by our friends is the cause of great sorrow.B. Being abandoned by our friends, we feel great sorrow. C. Abandoned by our friends, sorrow is the result.D. We feel great sorrow when our friends abandon us.
Answer: Option (B). Being abandoned by our friends, we feel great sorrow.
Explanation: Being abandoned by our friends is the cause of great sorrow for us; Being abandoned by our friends, we feel great sorrow. Option B is the correct answer in the options given because it best explain the context given
If the sound of the refrigerator door opening causes a child to salivate because it has previously been associated with the presentation of food, the child's salivation to the sound of the door opening is a(n):_______. a) conditioned response. b) unconditioned response.c) conditioned stimulus. d) unconditioned stimulus.
Answer:
The answer is A
Explanation:
A response is the way someone acts when in the presence of a certain stimuli. This is a conditioned response, because the child has been conditioned through past experience to expect food everytime the door opens.
When asked why the stars twinkle, three-year-old Sarah replied, "Because they are happy." According to Piaget, she is in the _______ stage of cognitive development.
Answer:
According to Piaget, she is in the preoperational stage of cognitive development.
Explanation:
According to Piaget, the preoperational stage of cognitive development is the second stage. It is initiated when the child is around the age of two years old, lasting until the age of seven. Children at this stage are able to work with symbols. However, they are still unable to do logical (concrete) thinking. During this stage, children present animism - the belief that inanimate objects are alive and have feelings. That is why Sarah thinks the stars twinkle because they are happy.
Three-year-old Sarah is in the preoperational stage of cognitive development according to Piaget, where children think symbolically and imaginatively.
According to Jean Piaget, three-year-old Sarah is likely in the preoperational stage of cognitive development. This stage typically lasts from ages 2 to about 6 or 7 years old. During this time, children develop language, imagination, memory, and work towards symbolic thought. Sarah's understanding of stars twinkling because 'they are happy' reflects the symbolic and imaginative thinking characteristic of this stage, where children often attribute lifelike qualities to inanimate objects.
Sandra is at a social gathering with a lot of good friends. She will likely feel that the temperature in the room is warmer than will her friend who is feeling excluded. This phenomenon is called:________.
The correct answer is embodied cognition.
It is important to note that this theory is of paramount importance for us to think about new ways and ways of elaborating the teaching and learning processes, however such theory is not incorporated into the mathematics teaching methodologies and most of the research in Mathematics Education.
Thinking about the knowledge and teaching methods in the light of theory, allows to study / exchange some of the concepts, which we will talk about in the classroom. explored in a survey just about it.
Frank Larsen argues for stricter gun control. It appears that Frank wants to abolish access to guns altogether. But if law-abiding citizens can't own a gun, then they will have no means of defending themselves against criminals. Obviously Frank's argument is no good. A. Straw man. B. No fallacy. C. Red herring. D. False cause. E. Argument against the person, abusive.
Answer:
A. Straw man
Explanation:
A straw man fallacy occurs when someone takes another person’s argument or point, distorts it or exaggerates it in some kind of extreme way, and then attacks the extreme distortion, as if that is really the claim the first person is making. It is used to paint other people's arguments in such a way that you can easily attack it as seen in the question.
Which of the following is one of the key elements of Dr. Ishikawa’s quality philosophy? A. Data with dispersion information are false data. B. Personnel management is the entrance and exit of quality. C. Remove the symptoms, not the root cause. D. Quality begins with education and ends with education. E. None of these
Quality begins with education and ends with education
Explanation:
K. Ishikawa was one of the most renowned personalities in the field of TQM (Total Quality Management). He is most famously known for cause-effect relationships. He performed extensive research in the field of Quality and its management.
His philosophy behind his research in the quality domain can be expressed as-
1. Quality begins as well as end with education.
2. Remove the root causes and not symptoms.
3. One should not confuse means with objectives.
4. Data without any dispersion data are often false data.
Which organization serves to further the exchange of educational material and techniques and provides training, programs, and seminars to further fire service education?
Answer:
The International Society of Fire Service Instructors
Explanation:
The international society of fire service Instructors ISFS is an organisation aimed at providing firefighters with necessary up to date information through education, training and assessment in order to increase safety, reduce firefighters casualty or injury during active service.
Final answer:
The International Association of Wildland Fire (IAWF) is the organization that serves to further the exchange of educational material and techniques in fire service education. They provide training, programs, and seminars to promote knowledge sharing in this field.
Explanation:
The organization that serves to further the exchange of educational material and techniques in fire service education is the International Association of Wildland Fire (IAWF). They provide training, programs, and seminars to promote knowledge sharing in this field.
The IAWF publishes the International Journal of Wildland Fire, which is a valuable resource for professionals in the fire service. Additionally, they organize conferences and workshops, such as the Kavli Institute of Theoretical Physics Miniconference on Pyrogeography and Climate Change.
By promoting collaboration and education, the IAWF supports the advancement of fire service knowledge and practices.
Martin Luther King Jr. went to jail many times for acts of civil disobedience, such as ignoring court orders prohibiting marches and boycotts. Some people, even those who agreed with him, criticized him for disobeying the law. Today, however, most people view these actions as a form of:______________
Answer:
Today, however, most people view these actions as a form of: positive deviance.
Explanation:
There are some acts that even though they can be considered a deviance of the law, or desobience of the law; they have positive impact. Martin Luther King was aganist discrimination, and he participated actively to achieve equal rights for black people. His acts of disobedience were put to service to good, they are considered positive deviance.
All of the following tend to be rationalizations for fraud except:
a. We need to protect the shareholders and keep the stock price high b. All companies use aggressive accounting techniques
c. The employee will be fired unless s/he goes along with the fraud
d. We are correcting a temporary problem that will not exist in the future
Answer: c. The employee will be fired unless s/he goes along with the fraud
Explanation: Fraud in the corporate environment is when an individual acts on his own or one/group of people act on behalf of an organisation to deceive others in order to get some form of financial gain.
For fraud to occur, there has to be an opportunity to commit fraud, an incentive and a rationalization which makes the fraud seem alright.
When Fraud is committed on behalf of an organisation, some of the rationalizations used are: protecting the shareholders, everyone else does it and viewing it as a temporary measure. Any of these applies to fraudulent accounting practices where the accounting statements do not truly reflect the operations of the business.
The California Psychological Inventory (CPI), the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R), the Sixteen Personality Factor, Fifth Edition (16PF), and the Eysenck Personality Inventory are all examples of ________________.
A) tests with a non-pathological focus
B) tests that are narrow in scope
C) tests that with a positive focus
D) tests with a pathological focus
Answer:
A) tests with a non-pathological focus
Explanation:
All tests mentioned above are not used to diagnose mental disability or any pathological disease. The test focused more to quantify a certain characteristic that makes up personality. Many of the psychological tests is controversial since personality is a complex things. Putting personality into few categories based on binary characteristic often make it inaccurate.
Many businesses want to use the tools to aid in hiring people that better suited for the job, but it's should not be intended that way. In spite of that, if used properly this test can help someone to know themself better.
The California Psychological Inventory, MBTI, NEO PI-R, 16PF, and Eysenck Personality Inventory are examples of tests with a non-pathological focus. Correct option is a .
They assess general personality traits in non-clinical populations. These tests are used to understand personality traits and improve interpersonal relationships.
This means they are constructed to assess general personality traits in non-clinical populations rather than diagnosing psychological disorders.
For example, the MBTI categorizes individuals into different personality types without seeking to diagnose any psychological conditions. These tests help in understanding personality traits, facilitating personal growth, and improving interpersonal relationships.
_____ is the transfer of information systems development, operation, or maintenance to an outside firm that provides these services, for a fee, on a temporary or long-term basis.
Answer:
Outsourcing.
Explanation:
As the exercise explains, outsourcing is the transfer of information systems development, operation, or maintenance to an outside firm that provides these services, for a fee, on a temporary or long-term basis. It could be seen as an agreement between two companies, in which company A hires company B to carry out an activity that could be done internally. For example, a company may be in need of legal aid (even if they had a legal department) and hires a buffet of lawyers to help.
Outsourcing is the practice of transferring various business processes or services to an external provider, and it can include sending jobs to other countries. To reduce costs and stay competitive, companies often resort to outsourcing and offshoring, affecting global job patterns and fragmentation.
Explanation:Outsourcing is the transfer of information systems development, operation, or maintenance to an outside firm that provides these services, for a fee, on a temporary or long-term basis. This practice allows companies to focus on their core business activities while external specialists handle tasks that were once performed internally, such as accounting, payroll, human resources, and data processing services. Outsourcing can often involve contracting work to other countries, taking advantage of lower labor costs and increased technical skills available globally. This phenomenon has been accelerated by globalization and trade agreements like NAFTA, allowing companies to remain competitive by reducing operational costs.
A related concept is offshoring, which refers to the relocation of a business process from one country to another—typically an operational process, such as manufacturing, or supporting processes, like accounting. This shift occurs when companies continue to manage their own operations but choose to move them to locations overseas to capitalize on cheaper labor markets. For instance, countries like India and the Philippines have become significant destinations for business process outsourcing (BPO) due to their cost advantages and growing infrastructures.
While outsourcing and offshoring offer economic benefits to corporations, these practices have also led to job polarization and structural unemployment in some sectors within the original countries of these companies. Furthermore, the outsourcing market has seen considerable growth, especially in the information technology and business process outsourcing sectors, as firms seek to cut costs and improve global competitiveness.
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You are Chair of the Federal Reserve Board. In your meeting with the Federal Open Market Committee, the committee unanimously votes to increase the money supply using open market operations (OMOs). During the press conference after the meeting, a reporter asks you to explain what OMOs are and how you will use them to increase the money supply.
Answer:
OMOs are the purchase and sale of government securities. To increase the money supply we will buy government securities which increase the amount of reserves in the banking system and fuels deposit expansion
Explanation:
Open market operations (OMOs) is the buying and selling of government securities in an open market or free market.
Therefore we will have to buy more government security in order to increase the money supply because government security are in form of debt or bonds which is issued out by the government on an agreed price and to be paid at a mature date, in this case we have to buy larger quantities of it in order to resell which will inturn bring profit thereby increasing the money supply or money in circulation hence, leading to increase in the amount of reserves in the banking system and fuels deposit expansion.
In a longitudinal study, 66 percent of respondents were sad at first after the loss of a loved one but were happy and productive six months later. this demonstrates _____.
Final answer:
The study showing 66 percent of respondents recovering from loss after six months demonstrates resilience and adaptation in the grieving process, reflecting the influence of coping mechanisms and social support.
Explanation:
In a longitudinal study, 66 percent of respondents were sad at first after the loss of a loved one but were happy and productive six months later. This demonstrates the concept of resilience and adaptation in the grieving process. It supports the idea that while the initial response to grief may align with theorized stages, such as those proposed in the Küblen-Ross model, individuals can and often do recover and return to a state of well-being over time. This is likely influenced by factors such as personal coping mechanisms, the availability of social support, and individual differences in the experience of grief and loss.
Religious and spiritual beliefs can also provide comfort and a support network that aid in the coping process, as can remarriage or developing new social connections. Additionally, longitudinal research allows for the observation of changes over time within the same individuals, thereby providing insight into the processes of adaptation and resilience following adverse life events.
Many students tend to develop illnesses in the days before final exams. A psychologist who notes that students become stressed as well during this time may attempt to claim that the reason for the increase in student illness is that __________. stress causes college students to make bad decisions during stressful times research has found that stress may improve immune functioning college students naturally become ill easier than other individuals research has found that stress can suppress immune functioning
Answer:
A psychologist who notes that students become stressed as well during this time may attempt to claim that the reason for the increase in student illness is that research has found that stress can suppress immune functioning.
Explanation:
This is a simple matter of reasoning. One well-known consequence of stress in the suppression of immune functioning. In other words, when we are stressed, our immune system does not work properly. When the immune system does not function well, we lose our defenses against diseases, getting sick more easily. Since many students tend to be stressed out about their final exams, it is only logical for their immune system to be suppressed. That is why they tend to develop illnesses in the days before the final exams.
Answer:
D) Research has found that stress can suppress immune functioning
Explanation:
Hope this helps!!
A city street is Select one: a. a public good when it is congested, but it is a common resource when it is not congested. b. always a common resource, whether or not it is congested. c. always a public good, whether or not it is congested. d. a common resource when it is congested, but it is a public good when it is not congested.
Answer: D. a common resource when it is congested, but it is a public good when it is not congested.
Explanation: A public good is a good that individuals cannot be excluded from its use and the use of it by one individual does not reduce its availability to others while a common resource is a resource which no individual can be excluded from using, but it's availability may be subject to rivalry.
Therefore during congestions, a city street is a common resource as availability for use is limited and a public good when it is not congested as there's both access and availability for use.
Presidential candidates who receive the backing of their home states rather than that of the national party are called
Answer: Favorite son candidate
Explanation:
Favorite son candidate is a political term that refers to a candidate who is nominated and voted for by the state delegation at a political party convention even though he is not a viable candidate. State leaders usually gain delegations support by negotiating with the leading candidates.
This method was used in the 19th and 20th centuries. Since brokered conventions have been replaced by nationwide campaigns and primary elections by candidates, the method is not common anymore.
Answer:
Favorite son candidates
Explanation:
Favorite son candidates are the candidate who are highly favored and nominated by the delegates of his/ her own state as presidential candidate at a national political convention for the purposes of creating a spot for himself and becoming a compromise candidate.
Therefore Presidential candidates who receive the backing of their home states rather than that of the national party are called FAVORITE SON CANDIDATES
Ezra is 3 years old. He ignores people when they are in the room, and if people speak to him he does not make eye contact. He also will not initiate communication, but rather just repeats what someone has said. Finally, Ezra plays with a spinning top for hours. He just spins it, watches it, and when it stops spins it again. Ezra may be showing signs of:
Answer:
This question is incomplete. Here are the missing options:
a) autism spectrum disorder b) bipolar disorder c) ADHD d) a learning disabilityThe answer is a) autism spectrum disorder.
Explanation:
Autism spectrum disorder is a mental condition that affects a person's social interaction. Common symptoms are speech difficulties and repetitive behaviours, although all cases are different and the symptoms vary greatly. This is the reason it's called a "spectrum".
This disorder appears in early childhood and follows a person for his entire life. However, constant treatment may improve the patient's development in life, especially in areas such as school or work.
Final answer:
Ezra's behavior, including ignoring others, not making eye contact, echoing words, and focus on repetitive play, suggests signs of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), rather than ADHD.
Explanation:
Ezra, who is 3 years old, may be showing signs of a disorder on the autism spectrum. His behaviors, such as ignoring others, lack of eye contact, repetitive speech, and an intense focus on a spinning top, are characteristic of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
This developmental disorder can affect communication and behavior, leading to difficulties in social interaction and a tendency towards repetitive behaviors.
Children with ASD often have a hard time keeping attention on tasks, similar to Zack who has been diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, Ezra's symptoms align more closely with ASD, especially given his lack of spontaneous communication and tendency to engage in repetitive play.
While Zack exhibits more hyperactive and distractible behavior, Ezra's behaviors suggest more social and communicative challenges. Both conditions illustrate the importance of observing a child's behavior patterns for appropriate assessment and support.
In the context of training and development, _____ involves a work-simulation situation in which a job is performed under a condition that closely simulates the real work environment.
Answer:
vestibule training
Explanation:
vestibule training means to train new employers or students according to practical and actual work environment. It is also known as job education training in which fundamental and actual work skills and education is given to worker or employer to learn actual and practical work. Like to give education on use of tools and equipment which is require in actual job.
Simulation training refers to a work-simulation situation where the real work environment is closely replicated for training purposes, allowing trainees to gain practical experience and enhance their skills. Collaborative Exercises are an example of this, providing a simulated workplace for trainees to learn effectively.
Explanation:In the context of training and development, simulation training involves a work-simulation situation in which a job is performed under a condition that closely simulates the real work environment.
For instance, Collaborative Exercises provide an in-class scenario for students to work together, simulating a real-world workplace environment where collaboration and teamwork are crucial. This allows the trainees to gain first-hand experience of performing tasks and handling situations that they are likely to encounter in their jobs.
Simulation training is beneficial as it provides the trainees with a safe environment to make mistakes and learn from them, thereby enhancing their skills and improving performance in the actual work scenario.
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Sasha is a public affairs specialist with the Department of Defense in Washington. Historically, government jobs have been known for stability and good benefits. One of the downsides, however, is that large government agencies are often burdened with bureaucratic inefficiencies. She has found this downside to be frustrating as an employee, but also frustrating for her primary publics, which are:_______.
Answer:
The Taxpayers of the country
Explanation:
Primary public refers to public with a direct influence – such as possessing valuable resources – on an organisation’s ability to achieve values-driven goals.
In this case the primary public also affected by the bureaucratic inefficiencies of government jobs are the Taxpayers
Sasha's primary publics in her role as a public affairs specialist at the Department of Defense are likely the general public, Department of Defense personnel, government officials and possibly media outlets.
Explanation:In the context of Sasha's job as a public affairs specialist with the Department of Defense, her primary publics would be the individuals, groups, and organizations that she interacts with or who are affected by her work. This would likely include the general public who need information or support related to defense, personnel within the Department of Defense, government officials, and possibly media outlets. These are the groups of people who might be frustrated by any bureaucratic inefficiencies that make it difficult to get the information or support they need quickly.
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The fact that some adults demonstrate limited thinking processes relative to other adults speaks to the important role of ________ in cognitive development.
Answer:
Education.
Explanation:
Just like when your muscle got stronger when you exercise regularly , your brain tend to perform on a higher level if you constantly put it to work.
Compared to non-educated adults, educated adults tend to be conditioned to constantly solve complex problems. In the long run, this will make educated adult have a higher cognitive skills compared to non-educated adults.
Kate and Ashley report their manager to HR because they feel that they were denied a promotion because of their age. They are both 29 and William was promoted and he is 45. They are claiming age discrimination. HR informs them that the law does not apply to them based solely on their age, because it does not ________.
Answer:
young workers
Explanation:
Answer:
Protect younger workers.
Explanation:
Kate and Ashely were not promoted according to the Hr because the law does
does not apply to them based solely on their age and because it does not protect younger workers meaning that William's was promoted due to his age which is 45 years old and again he was older than Kate and Ashely.
The law only protect old workers and only them can be promoted so before Kate and Ashely can be promoted they have to be of the same age with William's which will also make the law to protect them.
A commanding officer gives a soldier an order that he knows the soldier would rather not obey. According to the findings of the Milgram obedience experiments, what should the officer do to increase the likelihood of obedience?
Answer: The officer should stay in the presence of the soldier until the order has been obeyed
Explanation: Stanley Milgram, a psychologist at Yale University carried out one of the most famous studies of obedience in psychology.He concluded that
ordinary people are likely to follow orders given by an authority figure, even to the extent of killing an innocent human being. Individuals tend to obey orders from other people if they recognize their authority as morally right and/or legally based.
Milgram also found that obedience levels were maintained if the person giving the order wore a type of uniform and the person themselves remained constant so to achieve obedience according to Milgram's study, the commanding officer should stay in the presence of the soldier.
A triangle at the top-right-hand corner of an analysis model package indicates that the package contains one or more analysis package models; and each package may in turn contain nested analysis model packages.
True or False
Answer: True
Explanation:
Yes, the given statement is true that the analysis model package is one of the method that is used for analyzing the performance and each model element in the package system. This model is basically analyzing the overall result of the modeling in the system.
The main objective of the analysis model is that it helps in providing the overall overview of the functionality and organizing the file in the system properly.
In the analysis model package a triangle is basically indicating about the each package contain one and more than one analysis packaging model and it may be nested in the package model also.
Therefore, The given statement is true.
It's true that in software engineering, a triangle at the top-right-hand corner of an analysis model package indicates that the package includes one or more nested analysis model packages. These packages act as containers, categorizing related functionalities and managing the complexity of large software systems.
Explanation:True, a triangle at the top-right-hand corner of an analysis model package indeed suggests that the package contains one or more analysis package models. This is a common notation in design and architecture patterns in software engineering. It's an indication that the package takes into account nested elements, that is, each package can in turn contain other nested analysis model packages. This makes it a powerful device for structuring complex software systems. In simple terms, it can be seen as a container, helping to manage the complexity of the software model by categorizing related functionalities.
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The __________ Court, named after the Chief Justice presiding over the U.S. Supreme Court at the time, supported laws that deterred police misconduct.
The Warren Court, named after the Chief Justice presiding over the U.S. Supreme Court at the time, supported laws that deterred police misconduct.
Explanation:
The title Warren Court points to the U.S. Supreme Court as directed by Chief Justice Earl Warren. Warren Court is recognized as one of the two common impactful times in American constitutional law. Unlike any court ere, the Warren Court dramatically extended civil rights and civil liberties, as fine as the rules of the judiciary and the federal government.
Warren privately despised what he thought “police abuses” such as warrantless hunts and enforced confessions. The Warren Court finally ended racial discrimination in U.S. public schools.
In Frankenstein, what does Walton discover when he enters Frankenstein’s cabin after Frankenstein has died? (1 point) The body has disappeared. The creature has been in the cabin. The creature is in the cabin.
Answer:
The creature has been in the cabin
Answer:
The creature IS in the cabin
Explanation:
Took the test.
A child who is unable to read a picture book independently gets help from an adult to accomplish the task. This assistance will only be effective if the _____.
Answer:
I can see no choices.
This assistance will only be effective if the adult uses the child's zone of proximal development as a basis for providing help.
Explanation:
The "zone of proximal development" refers to an area of learning that happens when an adult (such as a teacher) aids a student in learning. The adult is said to have a higher skill set than the person being taught (learner). So, this means that the help of the adult is necessary until the learner learns to do the task alone or without any help from the teacher.
The task difficulty should be gradually increased according to the accomplishment of the learners.
So, this explains the answer.
Jack, a seven-year-old, did not eat his lunch at school. He knew that his mother will be angry if he did not explain why he did not eat his lunch. However, Jack believed that his mother will understand if he told her that the food was stale. According to Robert Selman, this scenario illustrates _____.
Answer:
level 1 of perspective-taking skills in childhood
Explanation:
Perspective-taking is the potential to see beyond one's own point of view so that one can understand how others may think or feel about something. There are five stages of perspective-taking as described by psychologist Robert Selman. The first level among them is undifferentiated perspective-taking, which can be observed among the children. Children know that self and others may have separate thoughts and emotions, but they still compare the two. As per the question, Jack demonstrate level 1 of perspective-taking skills.
____________ social mobility refers to a group or an individual transitioning from one social status to another that is situated more or less on the same rung of the ladder.
Horizontal social mobility refers to a group or an individual transitioning from one social status to another that is situated more or less on the same rung of the ladder.
Explanation:
Switching of the position without causing changes in the social status is known as horizontal mobility. To make it clear, our position is changed within our same level of our social status without making changes in the social hierarchy.
There are some factors which affect social mobility. One such factor is social inequality which includes gender, class, race and age.
Unlike horizontal mobility, vertical mobility means moving from one social status to a different social status.