Answer:
Every cell should contain the transgene DNA.
Explanation:
The embryo is the very early stages of growth and development of an organism. An embryo develops from a zygote and contains about 16 cells. Inserting transgenes in these cells, therefore, will ensure that all the cells that divide from the embryo by mitosis have the transgene. The whole organism will, therefore, bear the transgene including its gametes. This foreign gene will, therefore, be inherited by the offspring of the organism.
Which movement decreases the angle between articulating bones?
Answer:
Flexion.
Explanation:
Flexion is the movement of bones that occur at sagittal plane. Flexion refers the bending or movement of a limb or join. Flexion allows the movement of hinge joint.
Flexion movement decreases the angle between the two bones. The knee flexion decreases the angle between the femur and tibia. The movement of elbow decreases the angle between the humerus and ulna.
Flexion is the movement that decreases the angle between articulating bones, bringing them closer together, like when you bend your arm at the elbow or knees.
Explanation:Flexion is the movement that decreases the angle between articulating bones, bringing them closer together, like when you bend your arm at the elbow or knees.
The movement that decreases the angle between articulating bones is called flexion. This is a common movement in many joints, such as the elbow or knee.
During flexion, the angle between the bones decreases, bringing them closer together. For example, bending your arm at the elbow when lifting something or bending your knees to squat are both examples of flexion.
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A broad, flat muscle of lower back
a. Adductor magnus
b. Latissimus dorsi
Hello There!
A broad, flat muscle of the lower back is called the "Latissimus dorsi"
The latissimus dorsi is a very large important muscle in the back. This muscle helps perform different kinds of movements involving the arms and the shoulders.
Which of the following types of pollution is most responsible for large numbers of deaths worldwide because of unsafe drinking water? (a) nutrient pollution (b) thermal pollution (c) pathogen pollution (d) sediment pollution
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Nutrient population is mainly as a result of unsustainable farming methods that are rampant in the world. The excessive use of fertilizers in farms results in nutrient runoffs to water bodies. The nutrients especially phosphorus and nitrogen when consumes with water can be harmful to humans and animals. The nutrients also cause eutrophication of water. The anoxic waters harbor dangerous disease-causing bacteria, unlike oxygenated water.
Osmosis involves the movement of______ to achieve equilibrium between intracellular and extracellular fluids.
A. Electrolytes
B. Salts
C. Solutes
D. Water
Answer:
Water.
Explanation:
Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a memnbrane.
The extracellular matrix of bone consists of
The extracellular matrix of bone consists primarily of collagen, providing soft framework and flexibility, and hydroxyapatite, a mineral that lends hardness to bones. These two components allow bones to be both strong and flexible.
Explanation:The extracellular matrix of bone primarily consists of collagen, a protein that provides a soft framework, and hydroxyapatite, a hard mineral made of calcium phosphate. Together, these two components allow the bones to be strong, yet flexible enough to withstand physical stress. While collagen provides tensile strength and flexibility, hydroxyapatite gives bone its hardness and compressive strength. This combination of ingredients in the extracellular matrix enables bones to fulfill their many functions including support, movement, and protection of various body organs.
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The extracellular matrix of bone consists of organic material made of collagen and elastic fibers and inorganic material primarily composed of calcium salts, forming hydroxyapatite. These components together ensure that bones are strong, hard, but not brittle.
Explanation:The extracellular matrix of bone is a mixture of organic and inorganic material. The organic material primarily includes collagen and elastic fibers, which give bone its strength and flexibility. The inorganic material primarily includes mineral salts, specifically hydroxyapatite formed from calcium salts, and contributes to the bone's hardness and strength. Essential cells of the bone, such as osteocytes, are embedded within this matrix, contributing to the unique properties of the bone tissue.
Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. The extracellular matrix's balance of these components allows bones to be durable while also having some degree of flexibility.
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Describe the function of each region of the cerebral cortex.
Answer:
Cerebral cortex is divided into four regions and each region performs a specific function. The the function of each region of the cerebral cortex are as follows:
Parietal lobes: This lobe receives and process the sensory information. Parietal lobe is important for touch sensations.
Frontal lobes: This lobe is involved in the decision making problem, processing and planning. Right frontal lobe controls the left side of body and left frontal lobe controls the right side of body.
Occipital lobes: This lobes process the visual information and sent the information to parietal and temporal lobe.
Temporal lobe: This lobe is involved in the process of memory, emotions, language and hearing.
The cerebral cortex is critical for higher brain functions, with various lobes responsible for specific tasks such as sensation, cognition, and movement. Brodmann's areas provide a structural basis for dividing the cortex into distinct functional regions. Techniques like TMS and fMRI assist in mapping these functions to behaviors.
Explanation:Functions of the Cerebral CortexThe cerebral cortex is the outer layer of the cerebrum and is vital for higher mental functions such as memory, learning, language, and perception. The cortex can be subdivided based on anatomical and functional differences, famously categorized into Brodmann's areas in the early 1900s. These functional regions include primary sensory areas, association areas, and integration areas, each with distinct responsibilities for processing different aspects of information and higher cognitive functions.
Lobes of the Cerebral CortexLocalized functions are distributed across these lobes, such as Brodmann areas 17 and 18 in the occipital lobe which are key in primary visual perception. Furthermore, technology like transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) help scientists understand more about cortical functions and their association with behavior and cognition.
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what kind of organism developed first
Answer:
Sponges
Explanation:
A.p.e.x
The first organisms that developed on Earth were most likely simple, single-celled microorganisms. These early life forms emerged around 3.5 to 4 billion years ago during the Precambrian era.
They were likely prokaryotic organisms, lacking a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. These early life forms were adapted to the harsh conditions of the ancient Earth, where there was no oxygen-rich atmosphere and the environment was dominated by volcanic activity.
Over time, through natural processes of evolution and natural selection, more complex and diverse life forms evolved. The first eukaryotic cells, which have a defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, appeared around 1.6 billion years ago. Multicellular organisms, such as simple algae and protozoans, emerged around 1 billion years ago.
The process of evolution has led to the development of a wide variety of organisms, culminating in the diverse array of life forms that exist on Earth today.
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Give one example of a factor that can influence airflow resistance.
Answer:
Airways diameter can influence the airflow resistance.
Explanation:
Airflow resistance follows the same principle followed by the airway resistance. This is the resistance offered during the pulmonary blood flow.
Airways diameter affects the airflow resistance. If the diameter of airway is increased, the airflow resistance decreases and air can flow easily in the body. The decrease in the airway diameter (dilution) increases the airflow resistance of the blood artery.
The size of the airway is a factor that can influence airflow resistance. In conditions like asthma, narrowed airways can increase resistance.
Explanation:One factor that can influence airflow resistance is the size of the airway. When the airway has a smaller diameter, it forces air through a smaller space, causing more collisions of air molecules with the walls of the airways and increasing resistance. For example, in conditions like asthma, the airways can narrow, leading to increased airflow resistance.
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Muscle that flexes the forearm
a. Brachialis
b. Triceps
Answer:
The muscle that flexes the forearm is the triceps
The inherited disease sickle cell anemia occurs because of an abnormally shaped protein taking the place of one of the _____ chains.
A. alpha
B. beta
C. gamma
Answer: B. beta
Explanation:
Sickle cell anemia is a inherited disorder which occur due to mutation of gene responsible for synthesis of hemoglobin protein. Typically the gene which is responsible for synthesis of beta-globin protein which make the beta chains in the hemoglobin is affected by the mutation. As a result of this the red blood cells acquire a shape of sickle rather than round. Pain, cold, stress, dehydration and illness are the symptoms associated with this disorder.
How are BMR and TDEE different?
Answer:
BMR ( Basal metabolic rate)
BMR may be defined as the energy required for the proper functioning of body at rest. This is the amount of energy required from the basal metabolism of the body. BMR is always less than TDEE. BMR of the body remains same in case of weight gain or weight loss.
TDEE ( Total daily energy expenditure)
TDEE may be defined as the daily energy expenditure of the body. The amount of energy requires from the physical activity and basal metabolism of the body. TDEE is always higher than the BMR. TDEE of the body may be affected by the weight gain or weight loss.
BMR represents the energy expended for essential bodily functions at rest, making up about 70% of daily energy use. TDEE, however, includes energy usage for all activities, not just at rest, and therefore is normally higher than BMR.
Explanation:The Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) and Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE) are two different aspects of metabolism.
The BMR refers to the amount of energy expended by a human at rest in a neutrally temperate environment, largely to maintain the basic functions of the body's organs, accounting for about 70 percent of all daily energy expenditure. As we age, or lose muscle mass, the BMR generally decreases.
On the other hand, the TDEE represents the total amount of energy expended in one day, combining the energy utilized for basic bodily functions (resting metabolic rate, close to BMR), the energy consumed during physical activities, and the energy required for body thermoregulation. Therefore, TDEE would be higher than BMR in active people with more lean body mass.
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Which of the following is true regarding white blood cells or leukocytes?
A. Leukocytes are smaller than red blood cells.
B. Leukocytes contain hemoglobin.
C. Leukocytes defend the body against pathogens.
D. The most common leukocyte is the monocyte.
Answer: C. Leukocytes defend the body against pathogens.
Explanation:
Leukocytes or white blood cells are type of blood cells which provide immunity to the body by producing antibodies in the body. These antibodies fight against the disease causing pathogens which invade the host human body for shelter and nourishment.
C. Leukocytes defend the body against pathogens is the correct answer. White blood cells are larger than red blood cells, contain a nucleus, and are part of our immune system.
Explanation:The correct answer to the question regarding white blood cells or leukocytes is C. Leukocytes defend the body against pathogens. White blood cells, or leukocytes, are a crucial part of the immune system. Their primary role is to protect the body against invading microorganisms and body cells with mutated DNA, as well as cleaning up debris.
Unlike red blood cells, leukocytes have a nucleus and lack hemoglobin, which means they do not carry oxygen. Instead, they are involved in the immune response and can be classified as granulocytes and agranulocytes, each with different functions. The most common leukocyte is not the monocyte, but the neutrophil.
The distal end of the humerus has
a. epicondyles
b. trochanters
c. tuberosities
d. foramina
Answer: a. epicondyles
Explanation:
Distally the humerus bone is flattened. It exhibit a prominent bony projection on the medial side it is called as the medial epicondyle of the bone. The lateral epicondyle is present on the lateral side of the distal part of the humerus bone.
The grasping and powerful muscles of the forearm are attached with the medial epicondyle. It is typically robust and larger as compared to the lateral epicondyle. The lateral epicondyle is attached with the weaker muscles attached posteriorly.
Which of the following statements about tremors is incorrect:
a. Tremors are involuntary, rhythmic oscillatory motions, alternating or synchronous contractions of antagonist muscles
b. Beta blockers and deep brain stimulation can help treat tremors
c. Stress and caffeine should be avoided to prevent tremors
d. Intention tremors are caused by damage to synapses in the striatum
e. All of the above are correct
Answer:
because caffeine and stress can cause tremors
c
Is the trapezius muscle located in the abdomen, back, head, neck, or thorax?
Answer:
The correct answer will be options neck and back.
Explanation:
The trapezius muscle is a broad and flat muscle which is named for its "trapezoid" shape. This triangular muscle is one of the widest back muscles beneath the skin which work to stabilize the scapula, turn and tilt the head and neck and twist the arms.
This muscle covers the upper back of the shoulders and neck extending from the occipital bone (base of the skull) to middle of the back which is divided into three parts:
1. Upper part: at the back of the neck.
2. Middle part: in the shoulders and upper back.
3. Lower part: in the middle of the back.
Thus, the neck and back are the correct options.
The trapezius muscle, located mainly in the back and neck regions, plays a crucial role in moving the head, shoulders, and vertebral column. It is part of the posterior thorax and works alongside other muscles in the neck and back area.
Explanation:The trapezius muscle is located in the area of the back and neck. This large, complex muscle plays a pivotal role in moving the head, shoulders, and vertebral column. It works in conjunction with other muscles of the neck and back, such as the splenius capitis, the splenius cervicis, and the erector spinae muscle group.
The trapezius muscle extends down the back of the neck and upper spine, stretching across to the shoulder blades, making it part of the posterior thorax, rather than being positioned in the abdomen, head, or strictly the neck or thorax.
Its primary functions include stabilizing and moving the vertebral column and contributing to various movements involving the shoulder blades and arms. So, essentially, the trapezius muscle has a considerable role in postural and active movement tasks.
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Which of the following is not a part of DNA extraction?
a. Separate DNA from protein and debris
b. Isolate concentrated DNA
c. Collect cheek cells
d. Add enzymes to make the DNA "sticky"
e. Burst cells open
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Extracting DNA involves firstly harvesting the required cells (such as from the inside of cheeks), then the cells are broken up using enzymes or detergents. The products (usually a mixture of cell products –mainly RNA, DNA, and proteins) are then put in a centrifuge to separate the proteins from the DNA.
LIttle Jimmy Brown's blood typing results showed agglutination with both the plasma containing anti A and anti B antibodies. What blood type does this reaction indicate? List all blood types that Jimmy can receive in order to save his life?
Answer:
Jimmy's blood type: "O" Blood
Jimmy can receive blood from: O blood type only.
Explanation:
The anti-A antibodies are present in the plasma of "B" blood type. Similarly, the blood type "A" has anti-B antibodies in its plasma. Since Jimmy's blood is showing agglutination with both "A" and "B" blood type, he has "O" blood type.
The "O" blood type has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in its plasma and exhibits agglutination with both A and B blood type. The "A" antigen of "A" blood type reacts with anti A antibodies of jimmy's blood while "B" antigen of "B" blood type would exhibit agglutination with "anti B antibodies" of Jimmy's blood. He can get blood from "O" blood type only as he has both anti-A and anti B antibodies in his blood plasma.
Describe how and where tropical systems form, and what makes a tropical system a hurricane. Then explain the anatomy of a hurricane, and what factors control both strengthening and weakening. Describe the various impacts of a hurricane and how they can result in damage or deaths with respect to location. Finally, what can people do to best protect themselves from injury or loss of life in the event of a hurricane?
How many adductor muscles exist within the body? List them here.
Answer:
Explanation:
Adductor muscles are those muscles which pulls the body part away from the midline of the body. It draws the body part to the extremities. These are found in various parts of the body such as human thigh bones such as adductor longus, adductor mugnus and adductor brevis. These muscles in the thigh helps in providing the flexibility and rotation.
In the thumbs there is adductor pollicis. In the toes there is adductor hallucis.
Researchers want to know how overfishing is impacting fish populations to make decisions about whether new policies are needed to protect fish populations. What empirical evidence could be collected to get an idea of how overfishing is affecting particular populations?
Scientists could measure the amount of bycatch.
Scientists could measure the amount of money collected by fishermen.
Scientists could measure the level of animal waste in the water.
Scientists could measure the number of fishermen on the water.
Answer:
A. scientists could measure the amount of bycatch
Explanation:
Answer: Scientists could measure the amount of by catch.
Explanation:
Overfishing is the process of fishing in which a considerable number of fish species are removed from the water body at a rate that the population of such species cannot be replenished for a long period of time. This results in the decline in the population of the fish species, or extinction of the species. This can lead to the loss of biodiversity.
If the researchers wants to the impact of the overfishing they could measure the amount of by-catch. As the by-catch over the expected or standard limits can lead to the decrease in the fish population belonging to a particular species. This may lead to the extinction of many fish species.
What are the responsibilities of the region of the brain highlighted below?
The green area btw
A. Controlling voluntary body movements, processing information from sense organs, thoughts, and learning abilities.
B. Regulating important involuntary bodily functions such as blood pressure, heart rate, breathing, and swallowing.
C.Regulating the body’s homeostasis, hunger and eating, thirst and drinking, and other functions of basic survival.
D. Coordinating movement and balance by using information from sensory nerves, including hand-eye coordination.
Answer:
That part of the brain is specifically used for expressing language, so I would say "Controlling voluntary body movements, processing information from sense organs, thoughts, and learning abilities." Is the answer. It's known as the Bronca's Area.
The alpha and beta receptors are known as _________ receptors and are found at the ________ of the ________ division.
a. Cholinergic/peripheral ganglion/parasympathetic
b. Adrenergic/peripheral ganglion/sympathetic
c. Cholinergic/effector/sympathetic
d. Cholinergic/effector/parasympathetic
e. Adrenergic/effector/sympathetic
Answer:
Adrenergic/effector/sympathetic
Explanation:
The two main divisions of autonomic nervous system are sympathetic nervous system and para sympathetic nervous system. This nervous system controls the involuntary actions of the body.
Adrenergic receptors are included in the G protein coupled receptors. Alpha and beat receptors are adrenergic receptors. These receptors are present on the effector molecule. Alpha and beta receptors are important during fight and flight response and are included in the sympathetic nervous system.
Thus, the correct answer is option (e).
The lattice or meshwork of ____________ forms a spongy bone.
Answer:
Trabeculae
Explanation:
The lattice or meshwork of Trabeculae forms a spongy bone.
The lattice or meshwork of Trabeculae forms a spongy bone.
A student completed a lab report. Which correctly describes the difference between the "Question" and "Hypothesis' sections
of her report?
"Question states what she is asking, and "Hypothesis" states the result of her experiment
"Question" states what she is asking, and "Hypothesis" states what she thinks the answer to that question is in 'if. then
... because" format.
"Question" describes what she is trying to find out, and "Hypothesis" states the procedures and methods of data collection.
"Question" describes what she is trying to find out, and "Hypothesis" states any additional information or prior knowledge
about the question
Answer:
"Question" states what she is asking, and "Hypothesis" states what she thinks the answer to that question is in 'if. then
... because" format.
Explanation:
In the scientific method, the question should tell what it is that you are trying to discover or accomplish in your experiment. On the other hand, the hypothesis is an idea or explanation for something that is based on known facts but has not yet been proved.
"Question states what she is asking, and "Hypothesis" states the result of her experiment. thus option A is correct.
What do you mean by hypothesis?
A hypothesis is a statement of fact, or a concept that is made for the sake of debate and then evaluated to see if it is correct.
A part from a basic background assessment, the hypothesis is formed using the scientific method before any relevant research is conducted. You pose a question, research previous research, and then formulate a hypothesis.
A hypothesis is usually a speculative assertion or proposal that is made only for the purpose of being tested.
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What determines whether a neuron is unipolar, bipolar, or multipolar? Draw an example of each.
Unipolar Neuron:
The cell body has a single process extending from it, which later branches into two.
Bipolar Neuron:
The cell body has two processes: one axon and one dendrite.
Multipolar Neuron:
The cell body has multiple processes, typically one axon and multiple dendrites.
The classification of neurons as unipolar, bipolar, or multipolar is determined by the number and arrangement of processes extending from the cell body. In a unipolar neuron, there is a single process that emerges from the cell body and later splits into two branches, while a bipolar neuron possesses two processes – one axon and one dendrite – extending from opposite ends of the cell body. On the other hand, multipolar neurons feature multiple processes, usually one axon and several dendrites, emerging from the cell body.
The structural diversity among these neuron types reflects their specialized functions in transmitting and processing information within the nervous system. Unipolar neurons are often involved in sensory functions, bipolar neurons are commonly found in sensory organs like the retina, and multipolar neurons play a key role in motor functions and interneuronal communication within the central nervous system.
Complete oxidation of C6H12O6 to H20 + CO2
A. Cell respiration
B. Glycongenolysis
C. Glycolysis
D. Electron transport chain
E. Kreb’s cycle
Answer:
A. Cell respiration
Explanation:
Cell respiration is the process wherein glucose (C6H12O6) is completely oxidized into water and carbon dioxide. The process occurs in three steps namely, glycolysis, Kreb's cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
Glycolysis breaks down the glucose into pyruvate. The pyruvate enters link reaction and is converted into acetyl CoA. The acetyl CoA enters the Kreb's cycle and is completely oxidized into CO2 and H2O. The energy released during these reactions is stored in the form of ATP, NADP, and FADH2.
It is the functional unit of a muscle fiber.
Answer:
The answer to this question is a bit more complex, because there is not one single name for the three types of muscle fibers in the human body. It is important thus to remember that the human system has three types: skeletal muscle, or voluntary muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle fibers.
In the case of skeletal muscle, the functional unit of myofibrils, the ones responsible for movement, is called a sarcomere, and they are striated. These sarcomeres combine in units of myofibrils that when stimulated by motor neurons, produce movement.
The second case is smooth muscle. In this case, we have single-unit cells, elongated, to form the linings of organs such as the bladder, and their movement is not voluntary. This system´s unit, then, is called a myocytes.
The third type of muscle, which is cardiac muscle, is the one responsible for the movements of organs such as the heart, and their unit is better known as cardiomyocyte.
The functional unit of a muscle fiber is the Sarcomere. It is responsible for muscle contraction and accounts for the striated appearance of skeletal muscles.
Explanation:The functional unit of a muscle fiber is termed as the Sarcomere. The Sarcomere, which is located inside the muscle fiber, is responsible for the muscle's contraction. It is a repeating unit along the length of the muscle fiber and it represents the smallest functional unit within the myofibril. The arrangement of sarcomeres gives skeletal muscles their striated appearance. In simpler terms, the Sarcomere works like a tiny engine within the muscle, driving muscle contraction.
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What's the difference between Parasympathetic nervous system and Sympathetic nervous system?
The sympathetic nervous system is what stimulates the body during fight or flight. It quickens the heart and breath, and may also cause the release of adrenaline.
The parasympathetic nervous system is the system that "calms" down the body after fight or flight. It relaxes the muscles and slows down the breathing, among several others body functions.
How if remember this is that both parachute and parasympathetic start with the letter p, and both "slow" the body down. After that it is easy to remember that sympathetic is the "quick" one
Hope this helped!
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Describe the response the kidneys have to dehydration and excessive water intake. What happens to the concentration of urine in each case ?
during dehydration the concentration of urine is increased and the volume of it is decreased. Because kidneys want to retain and reabsorb as much water as possible back into the blood.
Excessive water intake causes less concentrated urine with increased volume. The kidneys don’t reabsorb that much water because there is enough of it in the plasma.
When studying cell division in tissue samples, scientists often calculate a mitotic index, which is the ratio of dividing cells to the total number of cells in the sample. Which type of tissue would have a higher mitotic index, normal tissue or cancerous tissue?
Answer:
Cancerous tissue has high number of mitotic index.
Explanation:
Mitotic index may be defined as the cells that undergoes mitosis by the total number of cells. Mitotic index is different in case of cancerous and normal cells.
Cancerous cells has high ability to divide continuously and requires less nutrient factors. The mitotic index of a cancerous cell is more because the number of dividing cell is more in case of cancerous cell than the normal cells.