Ian tends to be very shy about participating in class discussions. You decide to try to promote greater participation in class discussion by first smiling encouragingly at him when he merely looks interested in saying something, then smiling at him when he raises his hand, and then praising him when he actually makes a contribution. The technique you are using is referred to as:___________.
a. spontaneous recovery.b. shaping.
c. extinction.
d. positive reinforcement.

Answer: Secretary of Commerce

Explanation:  

The secretary of commerce is one of the department in the united states which is responsible for presenting the various types of business by interacting wot the different workers, community and also the universities for the purpose of balancing the development.

The main role of the secretary of commerce is to managing the economical growth and also the developing, promoting the US industries.  

According to the question, the Herbert Hoover is basically becoming the leading participate due to his effective work as the Secretary of Commerce during the Coolidge administration.

 Therefore, Secretary of Commerce is the correct answer.        

Answer:

Explanation:

Purposive sampling is an independent way of sampling where the researcher can rely independently on his/her judgement while selecting the members of the sampling population.

When a researcher wants to study a particular group of individuals, the researcher can use purposive sampling so that he/she does not have to study the whole population who does not fit the frame.

Here, Dr Jennings recruited only recruited Asians, African Americans, and Hispanic participants because is doing a study on the experience of being a racial minority on a college campus. Since the other population would have very little or no experience of being a minority, they are not being taken into account.

Any pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress, causes harm to others, or harms their ability to function in daily life is called psychological disorders.

Psychological disorders refers to the things that has the ability to affect the human behavior, mood and thinking. Some of the examples of the psychological disorders includes disabilities in the eating pattern, anxiety disorders, personality disorders,etc.

These disorders can be considered as some of the feelings that remains unpleasant and also affects the basic functioning of human. These disorders can affect the functioning of human beings at various levels which may be simple or serious. Thus, any pattern of behavior which makes the people to become stress and cause harm to others or affects their functionality refers to  psychological disorders.

Question options:

A) tradition

B) authority

C) overgeneralization

D) premature closure

E) selective observation

Answer:

A) tradition

Explanation:

The factory expert's claim used non-scientific basis of knowledge which entails not making use of scientific methods of knowledge acquisition such as the testing knowledge hypothesis and verifying them to be true. The expert made overgeneralisation(an error in thinking) as he drew conclusions from two examples and generalised to future experiences, also drawing from other shaky non-scientific knowledge bases such as: premature closure, selective observation and authority. However "tradition" as a non-scientific basis of knowledge did not apply here.

The probability that in a random sample of 200 Americans 18 or older more than 30 are single is 0.9893.

Probability is the occurence of likely events. It is the area of mathematics that deals with numerical estimates of the likelihood that an event will occur or that a statement is true. An event's probability is a number between 0 and 1. In this case, 0 denotes the impossibility of the event and 1 represents certainty.

Mean = np = 200*0.22 = 44

Standard deviation = ✓npq = ✓(200 * 0.22 * 0.78)

p = the probability of success, and

q = the probability of a failure

= 5.86

Hence,

P(X > 30)

= P(X > 30.5)

= P(z > (30.5 - 44)/5.86)

= P(z > -2.30)

= 0.9893

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To find the probability that more than 30 out of 200 Americans 18 years and older are single, we can use the binomial probability formula or the normal approximation. Using the normal approximation, the probability is approximately 0.487.

To find the probability that more than 30 out of 200 Americans 18 years and older are single, we need to use the binomial probability formula.

The probability of success (being single) is 0.22, and the number of trials is 200. We want to find the probability of getting more than 30 successes.

We can use a statistical calculator or software to find this probability, or we can use a normal approximation if the sample size is large enough. Assuming the sample size is large enough, we can use the normal approximation to find the probability.

We can convert the binomial distribution to a normal distribution using the mean (np) and standard deviation (sqrt(npq)).

In this case, the mean is (200)(0.22) = 44 and the standard deviation is sqrt((200)(0.22)(0.78)) ≈ 5.02.

Using a statistical calculator, we find that the probability of getting more than 30 successes is approximately 0.487. Therefore, the probability that more than 30 out of 200 Americans 18 years and older are single is 0.487.

Answer: c) Spontaneous recovery

Explanation:

Spontaneous recovery is the mechanism in which conditioned response that was gone or vanished earlier occurs again after some period of time .Instant re-emergence of any memory, phobia, fear, thought that was previously gone is faced after time delay .

According to the question, Mariah is experiencing spontaneous recovery in which is facing water fear again after time delay even when she took swimming course to get rid this fear.

Other options are incorrect because observation learning, extinction and generalization is not determine classical conditioning process.Thus, the correct option is option(c).

At the  preconventional level of moral development, a person's choice between right or wrong is based on personal consequences from outside sources, such as physical punishment, reward, or exchange of favors.

There are three levels of moral development which was stated by Kohlberg. They are pre conventional, conventional and post conventional.  In the level called the pre conventional level of moral development the sense of morality of an individual will be controlled by the external factors. They believe on what the persons who serve as an authority to them.

Those persons may be either parents or teachers. Those persons at pre conventional level or moral development can not find what is right and what is wrong on their own. They always depend on what the external factors such as parents or teachers makes them feel what is right and wrong and the consequences of the actions that can be realized.

Answer:Hunting and gathering society.

Hunting and gathering society is a type of society where dwellers rely majorly on hunting for wild animals andgathering of foods ,nuts and vegetables for survival.Ten thousand years ago,all societies practices hunting and gathering to provide food on their tables until there were initiatives on how to cultivate crops and rear animals.

Explanation:

A society that lives off the land by hunting and gathering natural resources is referred to as a Hunter-Gatherer society. This represents an early stage in human societal development before the advent of agricultural practices.

The type of society that consists of people who 'live off the land' by hunting and gathering resources from nature is known as a Hunter-Gatherer society. This is one of the earliest forms of human societies before the advent of agriculture and animal domestication. In a Hunter-Gatherer society, people rely on the natural environment for their survival – hunting wild animals and gathering fruits, nuts, and vegetables, instead of cultivating crops or raising domestic animals. It's primarily characterized by small, mobile, and flexible social groups.

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Answer:

Hung jury

Explanation:

A hung jury also known as deadlocked jury is a situation where jurors decision are at a deadlock over a case and no conclusion or verdict could be made. This usually occurs when there is no sufficient vote by jurors for a particular verdict.

Hung jury further results into extended deliberations at the judge's instruction but not more than twice. If a concluding verdict is still not reached, the defendant is declared not guilty nor acquitted

Answer:

B) Helps earn the member of congress a reputation for service to his or her district.

Explanation:

Pork barrel: It is a term used to describe the 'fund amount to be going in the projects related to the district of legislator' which in turns, helps him/her to  gain the reputation because he/she will work with that money to develop his/her district. And hence, reduce the chances of getting reelected.

Answer:

Pseudo Listening

Explanation:

Pseudo-listening is a form of non-listening that comprises of seeming engaged in conversation while ignoring the other speaker or only partially listening to it. Pseudo-listening's purpose is not to listen, but to resolve some of the listener's other personal needs. As per the question, John's attention is occupied by the game but he consistently made eye contact with Cynthia and nodded his head as she was talking to make her feel good and it is a perfect example of pseudo-listening.

Answer:

c. their capacity to put profit first.

Explanation:

Founders have ways to embed culture into their organization through all of the following :

their encouragement of innovation, their capacity to absorb the anxiety associated with risk,their capacity to make assumptions stick except this which is their capacity to put profit first

Answer:

.1- disease

2- forced assimilation

3- military technology

4- forced relocation

Explanation:

European contact with native Americans proved fatal for the native American population. Europeans who had superior military technology forced the native Americans to the interior of the continent. Native Americans had no immunity for the disease came with Europeans and this resulted in the near extinction of the native population. However, when the conflict began severe, attempt been made to assimilate the natives in European culture.

Answer: 2

The star is a member of a binary eclipsing star system.

Explanation:

Eclipsing binaries are the main source of determining a star's mass. A binary star system is essentially a system where two stars are orbiting around a common centre of mass. Eclipsing stars are studied by measuring their the changes in their brightness over a specified period of time. Light curves are graphical representation of the variations in stars over a given period of time.

Answer:

made

Don't know the other one

Answer:

Zero

Explanation:

Thousands of years ago, a highly advanced civilization in a galaxy far away decided to clone its most intelligent and fearless soldier. These self-replicating clones were then sent out to populate the multiverse. Over time, the cloned soldiers eradicated all other intelligent beings in the multiverse. As a result, the heritability coefficient of intelligence in the multiverse is Zero

When representatives listen to what their constituents want and then use their own best judgment to decide how to vote, they are acting as trustee.

Explanation:

Answer:

self-serving bias

Explanation:

The self-serving bias is explained as the tendency of people to assigning positive events to their own actions while assigning negative events to external factors. While this may mean deflecting personal responsibility for your actions, self-serving bias is a mechanism of defense that preserves your self-esteem. As per the question, Jeremy usually takes credit for completing his work on time but blames his coworkers for his delays and it is a perfect example of self-serving bias.

Answer:

Explanation:

The major difference between the House and Senate is the total number of members. The House has about 435 members while the Senate consists of only 100 members.

Certain procedures and rules governing the process of house activities are different between the two chambers of legislation. The House may operate in a more elaborate and prolonged system as each members of the house need to address their views in a limited time frame.

Different members of the House are given specific time limit to debate and address their views.Therefore, a greater number of formal rules are needed to govern activity in the House so that each member gets to address their views and proposals in the legislature.

Answer:

Explanation:

Answer:

B.   the Pendleton act.

Explanation:

A bureaucracy can be described or known to be  a way of organizing large numbers of people who need to work together administratively. This usually means the  non-elected government officials and an administrative policy-making group. It has been discovered that most private and public sectors depend on bureaucracy to function.

The Pendleton act is an act that was established in 1883  which was aimed at the principle that federal jobs should be awarded on the basis of merit rather than through political connections.

In this case, the Pendleton act gives opportunity to the citizens with the hope of getting employed on merit, which will prevent any form bribery that may likely occur if the act wasn't in place.

It should be noted also that another act that closely related to this in action is the Hatch act. The hatch act  restricts federal employees, except the president, vice president and some high- ranked officers, from participating in certain partisan political activities.

Answer:

B.  The Pendleton Act.

Explanation:

The Pendleton Civil Service Act, which was passed in January 16, 1883 by President Chester. A. Arthur, is an act that enact that permanent federal appointment should be based on merit rather than political party affiliation, such that, the process of employment into federal government, should be conducted by Civil Service Commission, there by, ensuring fair but guaranteed open competition among the applicants vying for the federal appointment, without regards to race, religion or party affiliation.

Hence, it is an act that promotes or enhance citizen influence over the bureaucracy.

Answer:

the serial position effect.

Explanation:

The Serial-position effect can be defined as a pattern of recall for list items, in this pattern, recall is better for items at the beginning or end of a list than for items in the middle.

It entails that one tend to remember or recall the names or items in the beginning or at the end, but have no recall of items in the middle.

The serial position effect have two types;

Recency Effect is a type of serial position effect where recall is best for items at the end of a list, then for items at the beginning, then for items in the middle of the list.

Primacy Effect is a type of serial-position effect where recall is best for the first items on the list, then for at the end of the list, then for items in the middle of the list.

Cyndi only being able to recall the first few people she met indicates that she had serial position effect at the instance.

Full question:

When 68-year-old mrs. blake had a flat tire on a fairly isolated highway, she received from a passerby in less than 10 minutes. one year later, when she had a flat tire on a busy freeway, an hour elapsed before someone finally stopped to offer assistance. mrs. blake’s experience best illustrates

a) the fundamental attribution error.

b) the mere exposure effect.

c) group polarization.

d) the bystander effect.

Answer:

Mrs. Blake's experience best illustrates the bystander effect

Explanation:

The title bystander effect relates to the aspect in which the higher the number of people being, the small suitable people are to support a person in trouble. When an impasse transpires, bystanders are more prone to hold action if there are fewer or no other observers.

The cultural and behavioral insensibility explained by the bystander effect can be overcome with apprehension and in some cases specific training. By personalizing and individualizing your inquiry, it grows much more troublesome for people to turn you down.

Mrs. Blake's differing experiences with receiving help on an isolated highway versus a busy freeway illustrate the bystander effect, where the presence of more people actually decreases the likelihood of any one individual offering help due to diffused responsibility.

Mrs. Blake's experiences on the isolated highway versus the busy freeway best illustrate the phenomenon known as the bystander effect. This social psychological phenomenon implies that individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present. The more witnesses there are, the more responsibility is diffused, leading to a decrease in the likelihood that any one person will step forward to offer assistance.

This effect was studied extensively following the case of Kitty Genovese, where multiple witnesses did not intervene in an emergency situation. In Mrs. Blake's case, the isolated highway scenario might have triggered an immediate sense of responsibility in the passerby who stopped to help, as he was likely the only witness. Conversely, on the busy freeway, the presence of many potential helpers created a diffusion of responsibility, leading to a delayed response to help Mrs. Blake.

Answer:

Necessary/sufficient.

Explanation:

As the exercise briefly explains, a necessary cause is a condition that must be present for an effect to follow. If counting to 10, 1 precedes 2, 2 precedes three, etc. The necessary cause takes into account a condition that must be present for the consequence to occur. In order to be clean, you need to take a bath. On the other hand, a sufficient cause is a condition that most likely guarantees the effect in question. This sufficient cause is a condition (or a set of them) that will most likely produce the event. For example, a sufficient cause could be reading all the books for an exam. But, that does necessarily mean that you will pass it because you could've read them but may not have understood them.

Final answer:

A necessary cause must be present for an effect, whereas a sufficient cause almost guarantees the effect. Distinguishing between the two helps understand complex cause-and-effect relationships in Social Studies.

Explanation:

A necessary cause is a condition that must be present for an effect to follow, whereas a sufficient cause is a condition that most likely guarantees the effect in question. A necessary cause is fundamental for the occurrence of a certain effect but might not be enough on its own to cause the effect. A room must have windows for daylight to enter, which is a necessary condition, but the sunlight is the sufficient cause that actually illuminates the room. Understanding the distinction between necessary and sufficient causes is crucial in identifying the complexities of cause-and-effect relationships, a key aspect in the study of various subjects, including Social Studies.

Answer:

Paired-Associates

Explanation:

Paired Associate Learning is another modality of verbal memory testing in which the person hears or memorize a list of pairs of words,At a later time point, memory for those pairs is typically tested by having them either recall one of the words in response to the word it was paired with during encoding  or by asking them to distinguish between word pairs that were encoded together and word pairs composed of two words that were studied, but were not paired during encoding.

Answer:

The correct answer is letter A) paired associates.

Explanation:

Tests which involve paired associates, as the term suggests, ask the participants to memorize numbers, items, locations etc. in pairs. Therefore, recalling one member of the pair will serve as a cue to recall the other. The pair does not necessarily include similar things. Participants can be asked, for instance, to memorize an object and the place where it was. The object being shown may cue recalling its location.

Answer:

variable ratio

Explanation:

Answer: Identity confusion

Explanation: Identity confusion is a state of confusion where individuals begin having trouble defining who they really are, what interest them in life, their religious, Political and sexual orientations etc.

According to Erikson, identity confusion is the fifth stage of development. What Mary is going through is a manifestation of an identity vs. role confusion.

Answer:c)the actions of legislations who are willing to trade their political votes for campaign contributions from special interest group.

Logrolling in politics is the practice of exchanging political by voting for each other's proposed legislation.

Explanation:

Final answer:

Logrolling refers to the practice where two or more legislators agree to support each other's legislation, often leading to pork-barrel spending, which benefits specific districts at the expense of broadly spread costs.

Explanation:

The term logrolling describes the practice where legislators agree to vote for each other's proposed bills or legislation. This can be considered a strategic arrangement among politicians to advance their respective agendas by ensuring mutual support in legislative voting.

It often leads to what is known as pork-barrel spending, where the costs of local projects are spread across the country while the benefits are concentrated in a single district.

An example of logrolling in action could involve a situation where if one legislator proposes a bill for a new bridge in their district, other legislators may support it in exchange for votes on their own pet projects, leading to a collective agreement that could result in a spending package that includes multiple local projects.

Logrolling is seen as a flaw in the democratic system of government because it can lead to inefficient allocation of resources and spending focused more on political gains than public interest. This practice ties back to the concern that individual legislators prioritize local or special interests over the general welfare.

Answer:

False

Explanation:

Federal court jurisdictions only hear cases in which the United States is a party, cases involving violations of the Constitution or federal law, crimes on federal land, and bankruptcy cases. Federal courts also hear cases based on state law that involve parties from different states in which the amount in controversy is more than $75,000.

Answer:

State department

Explanation:

Due to the widespread disorderliness in the United states in 1950, Joseph McCarthy took this advantage to push his political ambitions by falsely accusing the states department of communists support and this led McCarthy to Senate censuring him.