How many hours will it take for the concentration of methyl isonitrile to drop to 14.0 %% of its initial value?

Answer:

decreases going down within a group

Explanation:

Ionization energy of an atom is defined as the energy required to remove electron from the gaseous form the atom. The energy required to remove the highest placed electron in the gaseous form of an atom is referred to as the first ionization energy.

In the periodic table, the first ionization energy decreases down the group because as the principal quantum number increases, the size of the orbital increases and the electron is easier to remove.

In addition, the first ionization energy increases across the period because electrons in the same principal quantum shell do not completely shield the increasing nuclear charge of the protons.

The ionization energy of atoms decreases going down a group on the periodic table and increases going across a period. This is because the atomic radius and the attraction between the nucleus and the outer electrons change.

The ionization energy of atoms is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion. As you move down a group on the periodic table, the ionization energy generally decreases. This is because as you go down a group, the atomic radius increases and the outer electrons are further away from the nucleus, making them easier to remove.

On the other hand, as you go across a period from left to right, the ionization energy generally increases. The electrons are closer to the nucleus and thus more strongly attracted to the center, making them more difficult to remove. So, the correct choices would be 'decreases going down within a group' and 'increases going across a period'.

https://brainly.com/question/33907239

#SPJ3

Explanation:

It is known that specific heat of water is 4.184 [tex]J/g^{o}C[/tex] and atomic mass of tin is 118.7 g/mol. For the given situation,

                 [tex]Q_{lost} = Q_{gained}[/tex]

Let us assume that,

               [tex]m_{1}[/tex] = mass of Sn

               [tex]m_{2}[/tex] = mass of [tex]H_{2}O[/tex]  

Therefore, heat energy expression for heat lost and gained is as follows.

           [tex]Q_{lost} = Q_{gained}[/tex]

      [tex]m_{1}C_{1}(T_{2} - T_{1}) = m_{2}C_{2}(T_{1} - T_{2})[/tex]

   [tex]100 g \times C_{1} \times (100^{o}C - 27.4^{o}C) = 150 g \times 4.184 /g^{o}C \times (27.4^{o}C - 25^{o}C)[/tex]

           [tex]7260C_{1} = 150 \times 4.184 \times 2.4[/tex]

                 [tex]C_{1} = \frac{1506.24}{7260}[/tex]

                              = 0.207 [tex]J/g^{o}C[/tex]

For, 118.7 g the specific heat of tin will be calculated as follows.

               [tex]C_{1} = 0.207 J/g^{o}C \times 118.7 g[/tex]

                          = 24.5 [tex]J/mol^{o}C[/tex]

Thus, we can conclude that specific heat of tin is 24.5 [tex]J/mol^{o}C[/tex].

To calculate the specific heat capacity of the metal, we can use the equation q = m * c * ΔT, where q is the heat transferred, m is the mass, c is the specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature. By using the known temperatures and masses of the metal and water, we can solve for the specific heat capacity of the metal.

To calculate the specific heat capacity of the metal, we can use the equation q = m * c * ΔT, where q is the heat transferred, m is the mass, c is the specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature. In this case, we know the initial and final temperatures of the metal and water, as well as the masses of the metal and water. We can rearrange the equation to solve for the specific heat capacity of the metal, c.

We can start by calculating the heat transferred from the metal to the water. The heat transferred to the water can be calculated using the equation q_water = m_water * c_water * ΔT_water, where m_water is the mass of the water, c_water is the specific heat capacity of water, and ΔT_water is the change in temperature of the water.

Next, we can calculate the heat transferred from the metal to the water using the equation q_metal = m_metal * c_metal * ΔT_metal, where m_metal is the mass of the metal, c_metal is the specific heat capacity of the metal, and ΔT_metal is the change in temperature of the metal.

Since the metal and water reach the same final temperature, we can set q_water equal to q_metal and solve for the specific heat capacity of the metal, c_metal.

https://brainly.com/question/29766819

#SPJ3

Answer: C. The Second Law of Thermodynamics.

Explanation:

The law of gravity is related to the force interaction due to gravitation between two bodies (i.e. a person and planet Earth, a star and a planet).

The law of diminishing return is not used in Physics, but in Economics and describes the diminishing of marginal returns in time.

The first law of Thermodynamics analyses the energy interactions of a system in a quantitative manner and it is a generalized form of the Principle of Energy Conservation. It is oriented to the analyses of energy inflows and outflows.

The second law of Thermodynamics analyses the energy interactions of a system in a qualitative manner and it is based on thermodynamic property named Entropy, which may helpful to measure irreversibilities associated with system and irreversibility generation as well, provided that a comparison with another equivalent system exists.

Irreversibilities depends on the characteristics of system and nature of energy sources. Empirically, it is known that heat offers a lower quality than electricity in order to get a available work. That is to say, there is a lower of obtaining available work from heat than from electricity.

Hence, the statement is a consequence of using the second law of Thermodynamics and, therefore, the correct answer is C.

Answer:

1.17 grams of HCl can neutralize 2.7 grams sodium bicarbonate

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

Mass of sodium bicarbonate = 2.7 grams

Step 2: The balanced equation

HCl + NaHCO3 ⇔  NaCl + H2O + CO2

Step 3: Calculate moles NaHCO3

moles NaHCO3 =2.7 g / 84 g/mol= 0.032 moles

Step 4: Calculate moles HCl

For 1 mol NaHCO3 we need 1 mol HCl

For 0.032 moles NaHCO3 = 0.032 moles HCl

Step 5: Calculate mass HCl

Mass HCl = moles HCl * molar mass HCl

mass HCl = 0.032 * 36.46 g/mol= 1.17 grams

1.17 grams of HCl can neutralize 2.7 grams sodium bicarbonate

The key process being used here is stoichiometry, which is a core aspect of chemistry that studies the quantitative relationships, or ratios, among reactants in a chemical equation. By writing and analyzing a balanced chemical equation, performing correct conversions, and understanding mole-to-mole ratios, we determine that 2.7 grams of sodium bicarbonate can neutralize approximately 1.17 grams of hydrochloric acid.

The subject of this specific problem is stoichiometry, a central concept in chemistry. The first step involves writing a balanced chemical equation between sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) and hydrochloric acid (HCl). The equation will look like this: NaHCO₃ (aq) + HCl (aq) → NaCl (aq) + CO₂ (g) + H₂O (l). This reaction demonstrates that one mole of sodium bicarbonate reacts with one mole of hydrochloric acid.

Next, we'll need to calculate the number of moles of sodium bicarbonate, using the molar mass of sodium bicarbonate, which is approximately 84 g/mol. So, 2.7 g of sodium bicarbonate equals 2.7 g / 84 g/mol = 0.0321 mol.

Since the equation shows a 1:1 ratio, this means that 0.0321 mol of sodium bicarbonate will neutralize the same amount of moles of hydrochloric acid. The molar mass of HCl is about 36.5 g/mol, so multiplying this with the moles of HCl gives the mass: 0.0321 mol * 36.5 g/mol = 1.17 g.

So, 2.7 g of sodium bicarbonate can neutralize 1.17 g of hydrochloric acid.

https://brainly.com/question/34828728

#SPJ3

Explanation:

D(aq) + E(aq) <=> F(aq)

This question is based on Le Chatelier's principle.

Le Chatelier's principle is an observation about chemical equilibria of reactions. It states that changes in the temperature, pressure, volume, or concentration of a system will result in predictable and opposing changes in the system in order to achieve a new equilibrium state.

Increase D

D is a reactant. if we add reactants to the system, equilibrium will be shifted to the right to in order to maintain equilibrium by producing more products.

Increase E

E is a reactant. if we add reactants to the system, equilibrium will be shifted to the right to in order to maintain equilibrium by producing more products.

Increase F

F is a product.  If we add additional product to a system, the equilibrium will shift to the left, in order to produce more reactants. The reaction would shift to the left.

Decrease D

if we remove reactants from the system, equilibrium will  be shifted to the left.

Decrease E

if we remove reactants from the system, equilibrium will  be shifted to the left.

Decrease F

if we remove products from the system, equilibrium will be shifted to the right to in order to maintain equilibrium by producing more products.

Triple D and reduce E to one third

no shift in the direction of the net reaction, Both changes cancels each other.

Triple both E and F

no shift in the direction of the net reaction, Both changes cancels each other.

Answer:

Kc → 41.9

Explanation:

This is the equilibrium:

2NO₂(g) ⇌ N₂O₄(g)

So the expression for Kc will be:

Kc = [N₂O₄] / [NO₂]²

We prospose the situations:

Initially we have 1.2 moles of NO₂ and N₂O₄

X amount has reacted. As stoichiometry is 2:1, we have produced x/2 of the product during the reaction

Finally In equilibrium we have, 0.38 NO₂

                2NO₂(g)     ⇌       N₂O₄(g)

Initially        1.2                        1.2

React            x                         x/2

Eq         (1.2 - x) = 0.38          1.2 + x/2

As we have [NO₂] in the equilibrium, we can determine x (the amount that has reacted) to solve and determine, the [N₂O₄] in the equilibrium

1.2-0.38 = x → 0.82

1.2 + 0.82/2 = 2.02 → [N₂O₄]

For Kc, we need Molar concentration, so we have to divide [N₂O₄] and [NO₂] by the volume

[N₂O₄] → 2.02 mol/3L = 0.673 M

[NO₂] → 0.38 mol/3L = 0.127 M

Now we can replace the Kc expression:

Kc →  [N₂O₄] / [NO₂]² → 0.673 / 0.127² = 41.9

Remember that Kc has no UNITS

Answer:

The molal boiling point elevation constant (Kb) is calculated by dividing the change in boiling point (∆Tb) by the molality of the solution (m)

Explanation:

Kb = ∆Tb/m

Kb is the molal boiling point elevation constant of the liquid

∆Tb is the change in boiling point. It is calculated by subtracting the initial boiling point of the liquid from the final boiling point of the solution.

m is the molality of the solution. It is calculated by dividing the number of moles of urea (number of moles of urea is calculated by dividing the mass in grams of urea by its molecular weight) by the mass of the liquid in kilograms.

Explanation:

Answer:

0.07 M

Explanation:

We have to start with the reaction between the Calcium hydroxide and the Hydroiodic acid:

[tex]Ca(OH)_2~+~HF~->~CaF_2~+~H_2O[/tex]

Then we have to balance the reaction:

[tex]Ca(OH)_2~+~2HF~->~CaF_2~+~2H_2O[/tex]

We have to keep in mind that we have to do use the volume in "L" units (14.7 mL= 0.0147L). When we plug the values into the equation we will get:

[tex]M=\frac{#mol}{L}[/tex]

[tex]0.164~M=\frac{#mol}{0.0147}[/tex]

[tex]#mol=~0.0024[/tex]

Now, we have to use the information from the balanced reaction to finding the moles of Calcium hydroxide. When we check the reaction we found a molar ratio of 1:2 ( 1 mol of [tex]Ca(OH)_2[/tex]: 2 mol of  [tex]HF[/tex]). With this molar ratio, we can find the moles of [tex]HF[/tex].

[tex]0.0024~mol~HF\frac{1~mol~Ca(OH)_2}{2~mol~HF}[/tex]

[tex]0.0012~mol~Ca(OH)_2[/tex]

Finally, to find the molarity we have to divide the moles of [tex]Ca(OH)_2[/tex] and the volume of [tex]Ca(OH)_2[/tex] in liters (17.2 mL=0.0172L) so:

[tex]M=\frac{0.012}{0.0172}=0.07[/tex]

The molarity of [tex]Ca(OH)_2[/tex] is 0.07M.

Answer:

in nuclear fusion deep in the interiors of stars

Explanation:

Nuclear fusion -

It is the type of reaction , where two or more atomic nuclei of the atom merges together to release two or more different nuclei along with some subatomic particles , is referred to as a nuclear fusion reaction .

The reaction can very well be done on stars , because of very high energy .

Hence , a nuclear fusion occurs deep inside the stars .

Answer:

0.735M

Explanation:

The balanced equation of reaction is:

HCl + KOH ===> KCl + H2O

Using titration equation of formula

CAVA/CBVB = NA/NB

Where NA is the number of mole of acid = 1 (from the balanced equation of reaction)

NB is the number of mole of base = 1 (from the balanced equation of reaction)

CA is the concentration of acid = 2.5M

CB is the concentration of base = to be calculated

VA is the volume of acid = 14.7mL

VB is the volume of base = 50mL

Substituting

2.5×14.7/CB×50 = 1/1

Therefore CB =2.5×50×1/14.7×1

CB= 0.735M

Answer:

Explanation:

The atomic unit of mass (a.m.u) is the unit used to compare the relative masses of atoms. An atomic mass unit is a twelfth of the mass of a carbon-12 atom.

The calculation of the molecular mass of a compound is done by adding the relative atomic masses of the atoms of the formula of said substance, taking into account its abundance in the compound. The atomic mass of the atoms that make up the molecule are obtained in the Periodic Table.

So,  in these cases you have:

You know the atomic masses of the elements that make up the molecule, obtained from the periodic table:

Br: 79.9 amu

N: 14 amu

I take into account the abundance of each element in the compound you get:

BrN₃=79.9 amu + 3* 14 amu= 121.9 amu

You know the atomic masses of the elements that make up the molecule, obtained from the periodic table:

C: 12 amu

H: 1 amu

I take into account the abundance of each element in the compound you get:

C₂H₆= 2*12 amu + 6*1 amu= 30 amu

You know the atomic masses of the elements that make up the molecule, obtained from the periodic table:

N: 14 amu

F: 19 amu

I take into account the abundance of each element in the compound you get:

NF₂= 14 amu + 2*19 amu= 52 amu

You know the atomic masses of the elements that make up the molecule, obtained from the periodic table:

Al: 27 amu

S: 32 amu

I take into account the abundance of each element in the compound you get:

Al₂S₃= 2*27 amu + 3*32 amu= 150 amu

You know the atomic masses of the elements that make up the molecule, obtained from the periodic table:

Fe: 55.85 amu

N: 14 amu

O: 16 amu

I take into account the abundance of each element in the compound you get:

Fe(NO₃)₃= 55.85 amu + 3*(14 amu + 3*16 amu)= 241.85 amu

You know the atomic masses of the elements that make up the molecule, obtained from the periodic table:

N: 14 amu

Mg: 24 amu

I take into account the abundance of each element in the compound you get:

Mg₃N₂= 3*24 amu + 2*14 amu= 100 amu

You know the atomic masses of the elements that make up the molecule, obtained from the periodic table:

N: 14 amu

H: 1 amu

C: 12 amu

O: 16 amu

I take into account the abundance of each element in the compound you get:

(NH₄)₂CO₃: 2*(14 amu + 4*1 amu) + 12 amu+3*16 amu= 96 amu

The molecular mass or formula mass of the listed substances have been calculated using atomic masses from the periodic table.

The molecular mass or formula mass of a substance can be calculated by summing up the atomic masses of all atoms in the substance. Using the atomic masses from the periodic table, we have:

https://brainly.com/question/33791791

#SPJ3

Here is the full question.

Sodium carbonate is often added to laundry detergents to soften hard water and make the detergent more effective. Suppose that a particular detergent mixture is designed to soften hard water that is 3.8×10−3M in Ca2+ and 1.1×10−3M in Mg2+ and that the average capacity of a washing machine is 24.5 gallons of water. 1gallon=3.785L

If the detergent requires using 0.61 kg detergent per load of laundry, determine what percentage (by mass) of the detergent should be sodium carbonate in order to completely precipitate all of the calcium and magnesium ions in an average load of laundry water.

Answer:

7.90%

Explanation:

The equation for the reaction can be written as:

[tex]Na_2CO_3+Ca^{2+} ---------> CaCO_3(s) +2Na^+[/tex]

[tex]Na_2CO_3+Mg^{2+} ---------> MgCO_3(s) +2Na^+[/tex]

Molar mass of [tex]Na_2CO_3[/tex] = 106 g/mol

1.00 gallon of water = 3.785 L

∴ 24.5 gallons of water = 24.5 × 3.785

= 92.7325 L

mass precipitate = [tex][(3.8*10^{-3})+(1.1*10^{-3})]\frac{mol}{L} *92.7325*\frac{106g}{mol}[/tex]

mass precipitate = 48.162605

mass precipitate = 48.2 g

mass % = [tex]\frac{mass ofprecipitate}{mass of detergent} *100%[/tex]%

mass % = [tex]\frac{48.2g}{0.61kg}*\frac{1kg}{1000g}*100[/tex]%

mass % = 7.901639344

mass % = 7.90 %

The percentage (by mass) of the detergent should be 7.90%.

Since 3.8×10−3M in Ca2+ and 1.1×10−3M in Mg2+ and that the average capacity of a washing machine is 24.5 gallons of water. 1gallon=3.785L

The molar mass of Na_2CO_3 is 106g/mol

Since 1.00 gallon of water = 3.785 L

so, for 24.5 gallons of water, it is

= 24.5 × 3.785

= 92.7325 L

Now mass precipitate is

= ((3.8*10^-3) * (1.1*10^-3) * 92.7325 * 106g/mol

= 48.162605

= 48.2g

Now the mass percentage is

= mass of precipitate / mass of detergent

= 48.3g / 0.61 * 1kg / 1000g

= 7.90%

This is an incomplete question. Please find the full question below.

Sodium carbonate is often added to laundry detergents to soften hard water and make the detergent more effective. Suppose that a particular detergent mixture is designed to soften hard water that is 3.8×10−3M in Ca2+ and 1.1×10−3M in Mg2+ and that the average capacity of a washing machine is 24.5 gallons of water. 1gallon=3.785L

If the detergent requires using 0.61 kg detergent per load of laundry, determine what percentage (by mass) of the detergent should be sodium carbonate in order to completely precipitate all of the calcium and magnesium ions in an average load of laundry water.

Learn more about mass here: https://brainly.com/question/18470727.

Here is the full question:

Air containing 0.04% carbon dioxide is pumped into a room whose volume is 6000 ft3. The air is pumped in at a rate of 2000 ft3/min, and the circulated air is then pumped out at the same rate. If there is an initial concentration of 0.2% carbon dioxide, determine the subsequent amount in the room at any time.

What is the concentration at 10 minutes? (Round your answer to three decimal places.

Answer:

0.046 %

Explanation:

The rate-in;

[tex]R_{in}[/tex] [tex]= \frac{0.04}{100}*2000[/tex]

[tex]R_{in}[/tex] = 0.8

The rate-out

[tex]R_{out}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{A}{6000}*2000[/tex]

[tex]R_{out}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{A}{3}[/tex]

We can say that:

[tex]\frac{dA}{dt}=[/tex] [tex]0.8-\frac{A}{3}[/tex]

where;

A(0)= 0.2% × 6000

A(0)= 0.002 × 6000

A(0)= 12

[tex]\frac{dA}{dt} +\frac{A}{3} =0.8[/tex]

Integration of the above linear equation =

[tex]e^{\int\limits \frac {1}{3}dt } =[/tex] [tex]e^{\frac{1}{3}t[/tex]

so we have:

[tex]e^{\frac{1}{3}t}\frac{dA}{dt}} +\frac{1}{3}e^{\frac{1}{3}t}A[/tex] [tex]= 0.8e^{\frac{1}{3}t[/tex]

[tex]\frac{d}{dt}[e^{\frac{1}{3}t}A][/tex] [tex]= 0.8e^{\frac{1}{3}t[/tex]

[tex]Ae^{\frac{1}{3}t} =2.4e\frac{1}{3}t +C[/tex]

∴ [tex]A(t) = 2.4 +Ce^{-\frac{1}{3}t[/tex]

Since A(0) = 12

Then;

[tex]12 =2.4 + Ce^{-\frac{1}{3}}(0)[/tex]

[tex]C= 12-2.4[/tex]

[tex]C =9.6[/tex]

Hence;

[tex]A(t) = 2.4 +9.6e^{-\frac{t}{3}}[/tex]

[tex]A(0) = 2.4 +9.6e^{-\frac{10}{3}}[/tex]

[tex]A(t) = 2.74[/tex]

∴ the concentration at 10 minutes is ;

=  [tex]\frac{2.74}{6000}*100[/tex]%

= 0.0456667 %

= 0.046% to three decimal places

Answer : The enthalpy of this reaction is, 1.06 kJ/mol

Explanation :

First we have to calculate the heat produced.

[tex]q=m\times c\times (T_2-T_1)[/tex]

where,

q = heat produced = ?

m = mass of solution = 137 g

c = specific heat capacity of water = [tex]4.18J/g^oC[/tex]

[tex]T_1[/tex] = initial temperature = [tex]21.00^oC[/tex]

[tex]T_2[/tex] = final temperature = [tex]24.70^oC[/tex]

Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get:

[tex]q=137g\times 4.18J/g^oC\times (24.70-21.00)^oC[/tex]

[tex]q=2118.842J=2.12kJ[/tex]

Now we have to calculate the enthalpy of this reaction.

[tex]\Delta H=\frac{q}{n}[/tex]

where,

[tex]\Delta H[/tex] = enthalpy change = ?

q = heat released = 2.12 kJ

n = moles of compound = 2.00 mol

Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get:

[tex]\Delta H=\frac{2.12kJ}{2.00mole}[/tex]

[tex]\Delta H=1.06kJ/mol[/tex]

Thus, the enthalpy of this reaction is, 1.06 kJ/mol

Answer:

Consider the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with iodine: H2O2(aq)+I2(aq)⇌OH−(aq)+HIO(aq) The reaction is first order in I2 and second order overall.

What is the rate law?

If the concentration of H2O2 is increased by half and the concentration of I2 is quadrupled, by what factor does the reaction rate increase?

Rate law = k[H₂O₂] [I₂]

The new rate is six times that of the old rate

Explanation:

Rate law = k[H₂O₂] [I₂]

lets input

[H₂O₂] = x

[I₂] = y

Rate = kxy

[H₂O₂] = x + x/2

= 3x/2

[I₂] = 4y

New rate = [tex]k * \frac{3x}{2} *4y[/tex]

New rate = 6

The new rate is six times that of the old rate

The molar mass of the unknown gas can be determined by comparing its effusion rate to the effusion rate of a known gas, such as nitrogen gas. According to Graham's law of effusion, the rate of effusion is inversely proportional to the square root of the molar mass of the gas. Let's set up a proportion to find the molar mass of the unknown gas.

The molar mass of the unknown gas can be determined by comparing its effusion rate to the effusion rate of a known gas, such as nitrogen gas. In this case, it took 60 seconds for the unknown gas to effuse, whereas nitrogen gas required 48 seconds. According to Graham's law of effusion, the rate of effusion is inversely proportional to the square root of the molar mass of the gas. Using this information, we can set up a proportion to find the molar mass of the unknown gas.

Let's assume the molar mass of the unknown gas is represented by 'X'. The proportion can be set up as follows:

(rate of unknown gas)/(rate of nitrogen gas) = sqrt(molar mass of nitrogen gas)/sqrt(molar mass of unknown gas)

Substituting the known values, we have:

(60 s)/(48 s) = sqrt(28.01 g/mol)/sqrt(X)

Solving for X, the molar mass of the unknown gas is approximately 37.07 g/mol.

https://brainly.com/question/30720372

#SPJ3

Answer:

a) HCl

b) 22.9g

c) 18.11g

Explanation:

MMn = 54.94g/mol

MO2 = 2(16) = 32g/mol

MH = 1g/mol

MCl = 35.45g/mol

Molar Mass of MnO2:

54.94 + 2(16)= 86.94

Molar Mass of HCl:

1+35.45=36.45

Mols of MnO2:

42.7 /86.94 = 0.49

Mols of HCl:

47.1 /36.45 = 1.29

Molar Mass of Cl2:

35.45 ×2 = 70.9

Mols of Cl2

1.29/4=0.323

Mass of Cl2 (Theoretical yield)

0.323 ×70.9= 22.9

To calculate the actual yield, we multiply the theoretical yield by the final percentage:

22.9 ×0.791=18.11

Answer:

B. It is important that people are not harmed for the sake of science.

Explanation:

Ethical principles stress the need to do good and cause no harm.A researcher is therefore required to;

Answer:

It is important that people are not harmed for the sake of science.

Explanation:

Answer: Thermal

Explanation: All areas on the earth surface does not absorb equal amount of sunlight, as a result of this, some areas tend to heat up more quickly than the others. The air in contact with these heated areas becomes  warmer than its surroundings causing a hot bubble of air called ''thermal'' to break away from the  warm surface,rising, expanding and cooling as it ascends, as observed during cloud development.

Final answer:

A rising hot "bubble" of air that expands and cools as it ascends due to convection is known as a thermal. This results in adiabatic cooling, which can lead to condensation and cloud formation.

Explanation:

A hot "bubble" of air that breaks away from the warm surface and rises, expanding and cooling as it ascends, is known as a thermal. This is due to the process of convection where warmer air, being less dense, rises above colder air. As this air rises, it expands due to lower atmospheric pressure at higher altitudes, which in turn causes it to cool, a process known as adiabatic cooling. If the air cools to its dew point, condensation can occur, potentially leading to cloud formation.

Answer:  32.9 Liters

Explanation:

To calculate the moles, we use the equation:

[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text {Molar mass}}[/tex]

1. moles of [tex]FeS_2=\frac{96.7g}{119.99g/mol}=0.806mol[/tex]

2. moles of [tex]O_2[/tex]

[tex]PV=nRT[/tex]

P = pressure of the gas = 1.20  atm

R = Gas constant = [tex]0.0821\text{ L atm }mol^{-1}K^{-1}[/tex]

T = temperature of the gas = [tex]398K[/tex]

[tex]1.20\times 55.0=n\times 0.0821\times 398[/tex]

[tex]n=2.02[/tex]

[tex]4FeS_2(s)+11O_2(g)\rightarrow 2Fe_2O_3(s)+8SO_2(g)[/tex]

According to stoichiometry:

11 moles of oxygen reacts with 4 moles of [tex]FeS_2[/tex]

Thus 2.02 moles of oxygen reacts with =[tex]\frac{4}{11}\times 2.02=0.73[/tex] moles of [tex]FeS_2[/tex]

Thus oxygen acts as limiting reagent and [tex]FeS_2[/tex] is excess reagent.

As 11 moles of oxygen gives = 8 moles of [tex]SO_2[/tex]

2.02 moles of oxygen gives =[tex]\frac{8}{11}\times 2.02=1.47[/tex] moles of [tex]SO_2[/tex]

[tex]PV=nRT[/tex]

P = pressure of the gas = 1  atm (at STP)

R = Gas constant = [tex]0.0821\text{ L atm }mol^{-1}K^{-1}[/tex]

T = temperature of the gas = [tex]273K[/tex]   (at STP)

[tex]1\times V=1.47\times 0.0821\times 273[/tex]

[tex]V=32.9L[/tex]

Thus volume of [tex]SO_2[/tex] (at STP) formed from the reaction is 32.9 L

The volume of SO₂ formed from the reaction at STP is 32.92 L

From the question,

We are to determine the volume of SO₂ formed from the reaction

The given balanced chemical equation for the reaction is

4FeS₂(s) + 11O₂(g) → 2Fe₂O₃(s) + 8SO₂(g)

This means,

4 moles of FeS₂ reacts with 11 moles of oxygen to produce 2 moles of Fe₂O₃ and 8 moles of SO₂

First, we will determine the number of moles of each reactant present

Mass = 96.7 g

From the formula

[tex]Number\ of\ moles =\frac{Mass}{Molar\ mass}[/tex]

Molar mass of FeS₂ = 119.99 g/mol

∴ Number of moles of FeS₂ present =[tex]\frac{96.7}{119.99}[/tex]

Number of moles of FeS₂ present = 0.8059 mole

Using the formula

PV = nRT

[tex]n =\frac{PV}{RT}[/tex]

Putting the given parameters into the formula, we get

[tex]n = \frac{1.2 \times 55.0}{0.08206 \times 398}[/tex]

[tex]n = \frac{66}{32.65988}[/tex]

n = 2.0208 moles

Since,

4 moles of FeS₂ reacts with 11 moles of oxygen to produce 8 moles of SO₂

Then,

[tex]\frac{2.0208 \times 4}{11}[/tex] moles of FeS₂ will react with 2.0208 moles of oxygen to produce [tex]\frac{2.0208 \times 4}{11} \times 2[/tex]  moles of SO₂

That is,

0.7348 moles of FeS₂ will react with 2.0208 moles of oxygen to produce 1.4697 moles of SO₂

∴ Number of moles of SO₂ formed is 1.4697 moles

Now for the volume of SO₂ formed at STP

Since

1 mole of a gas has a volume of 22.4 L at STP

Then

1.4697 moles of the SO₂ will have a volume of 1.4697 × 22.4 L

1.4697 × 22.4 L = 32.92L

Hence, the volume of SO₂ formed from the reaction at STP is 32.92 L

Learn more here: https://brainly.com/question/17169574

Here is the full question

How many moles of sodium acetate must be added to 2.0 L of 0.10 M acetic acid to give a solution that has a pH equal to 5.00? Ignore the volume change due to the addition of sodium acetate.  Ka of acetic acid is 1.7×10-5.

Answer:

0.3396 moles

Explanation:

pH = pKA + log[tex]\frac{[acetate]}{[aceticacid]}[/tex]

[acetic acid] = 0.1 M

pH = 5.0

[tex]K_a[/tex] = [tex]1.7*10^{-5[/tex]

5.0 = -log ([tex]1.7*10^{-5[/tex]) + log [tex]\frac{[acetate]}{0.1}[/tex]

5.0 = 4.77 + log [acetate] + 1

5.0 = 5.77 + log [acetate]

- log [acetate] = 5.77 - 5.0

- log [acetate]  = 0.77

log [acetate]  = -0.77

[acetate]  = log⁻¹ (-0.77)

[acetate]  =  0.1698

∴ for 2L = 2 × 0.1698

= 0.3396 moles

The sodium acetate must be added to 2.0 L of 0.10 M acetic acid to give a solution that has a pH equal to 5.00 - 0.3396 moles

Given:

The concentration of acetic acid = 0.10 M

pH = 5.0  

[tex]K_a[/tex] = [tex]1.7\times10^{-5[/tex]

Solution:

According to Hasselbalch equation:

[tex]pH=pKa + log\frac{[A^-]}{[HA]}\\\\or\\\\pH = pKa + log\frac{(acetate)}{(acetic acid)}[/tex]

5.0 = -log [tex](1.7\times10^{-5})[/tex] + log [tex]\frac{(acetate)}{(0.1)}[/tex]

5.0 = 4.77 + log [acetate] + 1

5.0 = 5.77 + log [acetate]

- log [acetate] = 5.77 - 5.0

- log [acetate]  = 0.77

log [acetate]  = -0.77

[acetate]  = log⁻¹ (-0.77)

[acetate]  =  0.1698

∴ for 2L = 2 × 0.1698

= 0.3396 moles

Thus, the sodium acetate must be added to 2.0 L of 0.10 M acetic acid to give a solution that has a pH equal to 5.00 - 0.3396 moles

Learn more:

https://brainly.com/question/20486415

Answer : The empirical of the compound is, [tex]C_1H_2O_3[/tex]

Solution : Given,

If percentage are given then we are taking total mass is 100 grams.

So, the mass of each element is equal to the percentage given.

Mass of C = 19.36 g

Mass of H = 3.25 g

Mass of O = 77.39 g

Molar mass of C = 12 g/mole

Molar mass of H = 1 g/mole

Molar mass of O = 16 g/mole

Step 1 : convert given masses into moles.

Moles of C = [tex]\frac{\text{ given mass of C}}{\text{ molar mass of C}}= \frac{19.36g}{12g/mole}=1.613moles[/tex]

Moles of H = [tex]\frac{\text{ given mass of H}}{\text{ molar mass of H}}= \frac{3.25g}{1g/mole}=3.25moles[/tex]

Moles of O = [tex]\frac{\text{ given mass of O}}{\text{ molar mass of O}}= \frac{77.39g}{16g/mole}=4.837moles[/tex]

Step 2 : For the mole ratio, divide each value of moles by the smallest number of moles calculated.

For C = [tex]\frac{1.613}{1.613}=1[/tex]

For H = [tex]\frac{3.25}{1.613}=2.01\approx 2[/tex]

For o = [tex]\frac{4.837}{1.613}=2.99\approx 3[/tex]

The ratio of C : H : O = 1 : 2 : 3

The mole ratio of the element is represented by subscripts in empirical formula.

The Empirical formula = [tex]C_1H_2O_3[/tex]

Therefore, the empirical of the compound is, [tex]C_1H_2O_3[/tex]

The empirical formula of a compound with 3.25% H, 19.36% C, and 77.39% O by mass is CH2O3, found by converting the mass of each element to moles and then determining the simplest whole number ratio.

To determine the empirical formula of a compound composed of 3.25% hydrogen (H), 19.36% carbon (C), and 77.39% oxygen (O) by mass, we first assume a 100 g sample of the compound. This means we would have 3.25 g of H, 19.36 g of C, and 77.39 g of O.

Next, we convert the mass of each element to moles by dividing by their respective molar masses:

To find the simplest whole number ratio, we divide each mole value by the smallest number of moles calculated:

The ratios indicate the empirical formula is CH2O3.

Answer:

The calculated concentration of HCl will be less than actual.

Explanation:

Suppose during titration, the HCl was taken in burette and the NaOH in the volumetric flask.

Now we will use equivalence formula for the calculation of concentration of HCl.

             [tex]N_{1} V_{1} = N_{2} V_{2}[/tex]

Where L.H.S is for hydrochloric acid and R.H.S is for sodium hydroxide. The terms N and V represent normality and volume respectively.

If we calculate for

                              [tex]N_{1} = \frac{N_{2}V_{2} }{V_{1} }[/tex]

We see that if the volume of the HCl is greater then the concentration of the HCl will be reduced.

The error will cause the concentration of the hydrochloric acid to be underestimated.

The concentration of a solution is calculated from the ratio of the number of moles of the solutes and that of the volume of the solution.

Mathematically; concentration = mole/volume

Thus, with the number of moles being constant, the higher the volume of the solution, the lower the concentration that would be derived and vice versa.

This means that any volume that exceeds that of the accurate endpoint will cause the concentration to be underestimated and below the endpoint, the concentration would be overestimated.

More on endpoints can be found here: https://brainly.com/question/16971003?referrer=searchResults

Answer:

Catalysis

Explanation:

Pepsin is able to break peptide bonds, turning large protein molecules into small peptide chains.

When pepsin acts to break down pepsinogen (inactive form of pepsin), it is accelerating pepsinogen → pepsin reactions, acting as a catalyst, reducing activation energy and favoring proteolytic reactions at a higher rate.

This process of accelerating reactions is characteristic of enzymes and is known as catalysis.

Answer:

The answer to your question is empirical formula = CH

                                                    molecular formula = C₆H₆

Explanation:

Data

Carbon  92.2%

Hydrogen  7.76%

Formula mass = 78.1 g

Process

1.- Express the percents as grams

Carbon            92.2 g

Hydrogen          7.76 g

2.- Convert the grams to moles

Carbon                 12 g ---------------- 1 mol

                            92.2 g -------------  x

                            x = (92.2 x 1)/12

                            x = 7.68 moles

Hydrogen             1 g ------------------ 1 mol

                            7.76 g -------------  x

                            x = 7.76 moles

3.- Divide by the lowest number of moles

Carbon         7.68 / 7.68 = 1

Hydrogen     7.76 / 7.68 = 1.01

4.- Write the empirical formula

                                      CH

5.- Calculate the molecular weight of the empirical formula

CH = 12 + 1 = 13

6.- Divide the molecular weight by the molecular weight of the empirical formula

                78.1 / 13 = 6

7.- Write the molecular formula

               6(CH) = C₆H₆        

The empirical formula of the compound is CH. The molecular formula of the compound is [tex]\rm \bold C_6H_6[/tex]

A molecular formula has been the one that represents the exact number of atoms in a compound. The empirical formula has been able to represent the whole number ratio of atoms present in a compound.

The given compound has 92.2% Carbon and 7.76% Hydrogen. The weight will be:

Carbon = 92.2 g

Hydrogen = 7.76 g

From the weight, the moles of elements in the compound can be calculated.

Moles = [tex]\rm \dfrac{weight}{molecular\;weight}[/tex]

Moles of carbon = [tex]\rm \dfrac{92.2}{12}[/tex]

Moles of carbon = 7.76 moles

Moles of hydrogen = weight of hydrogen

Moles of hydrogen = 7.76 moles

For the empirical formula, divide the moles of each element to the nearest mole number;

Carbon = [tex]\rm \dfrac{7.76}{7.76}[/tex]

Carbon = 1

Hydrogen = [tex]\rm \dfrac{7.76}{7.76}[/tex]

Hydrogen = 1

Thus, the empirical formula of the compound will be CH.

For finding the molecular formula, the molecular weight from the empirical formula has been divided with the molecular weight of the compound to find the number of atoms.

Molecular weight of empirical formula = weight of carbon + weight of hydrogen

Molecular weight of empirical formula = 12 + 1

Molecular weight of empirical formula = 13 grams

Molecular mass of compound = 78.1 grams.

Number of atoms of each element = [tex]\rm \dfrac{78.1}{13}[/tex]

Number of atoms of each element = 6

Thus, the molecular formula of the compound is [tex]\rm C_6H_6[/tex].

For more information about the molecular and empirical formula, refer to the link:

https://brainly.com/question/14425592

This is an incomplete question, here is a complete question.

Consider the following reaction:

[tex]A+B+C\rightarrow D[/tex]

The rate law for this reaction is as follows:

[tex]Rate=k\times \frac{[A][C]^2}{[B]^{1/2}}[/tex]

Suppose the rate of the reaction at certain initial concentrations of A, B, and C is 1.12 × 10⁻² M/s.

What is the rate of the reaction if the concentrations of A and C are doubled and the concentration of B is tripled?

Rate 2 = ? M/s

Answer : The rate of reaction will be, [tex]5.17\times 10^{-2}M/s[/tex]

Explanation :

Rate law : It is defined as the expression which expresses the rate of the reaction in terms of molar concentration of the reactants with each term raised to the power their stoichiometric coefficient of that reactant in the balanced chemical equation.

The given chemical reaction is,

[tex]A+B+C\rightarrow D[/tex]

The expression of rate law for this reaction will be,

[tex]\text{ Initial rate}=k\times \frac{[A][C]^2}{[B]^{1/2}}[/tex]

As the concentrations of A and C are doubled and the concentration of B is tripled then the rate of reaction will be:

[tex]Rate=k\times \frac{[2A][2C]^2}{[3B]^1/2}[/tex]

[tex]Rate=4.62k\times \frac{[A][C]^2}{[B]^{1/2}}[/tex]

[tex]Rate=4.62\times \text{ Initial rate}[/tex]

Given:

Initial rate = 1.12 × 10⁻² M/s

[tex]Rate=4.62\times 1.12\times 10^{-2}M/s[/tex]

[tex]Rate=5.17\times 10^{-2}M/s[/tex]

Thus, the rate of reaction will be, [tex]5.17\times 10^{-2}M/s[/tex]

Answer:

The answer to your question is  T = 204.9°K

Explanation:

Data

Temperature = T = ?

number of moles = n = 4

Volume = V = 12 L

Pressure = P = 5.60 atm

constant of gases = 0.082 atm L /mol °K

Process

To solve this problem, use the Ideal Gas Law and solve it for T

Formula

            PV = nRT

            T = PV / nR

-Substitution

             T = (5.60)(12)/(4)((0.082)

-Simplification

              T = 67.2 / 0.328

-Result

               T = 204.9°K

Considering the ideal gas law, at 204.878 K will 4.00 moles of gas occupy a volume of 12.0 L at a pressure of 5.60 atm.

An ideal gas is a theoretical gas that is considered to be composed of randomly moving point particles that do not interact with each other. Gases in general are ideal when they are at high temperatures and low pressures.

The pressure, P, the temperature, T, and the volume, V, of an ideal gas, are related by a simple formula called the ideal gas law:  

P×V = n×R×T

where P is the gas pressure, V is the volume that occupies, T is its temperature, R is the ideal gas constant, and n is the number of moles of the gas. The universal constant of ideal gases R has the same value for all gaseous substances. The numerical value of R will depend on the units in which the other properties are worked.

In this case, you know:

Replacing in the ideal gas law:

5.60 atm×12  L = 4 moles×0.082[tex]\frac{atmL}{molK}[/tex]×T

Solving:

[tex]T=\frac{5.60 atmx12 L}{4 moles x 0.082 \frac{atmL}{molK}}[/tex]

T=204.878 K

Finally, at 204.878 K will 4.00 moles of gas occupy a volume of 12.0 L at a pressure of 5.60 atm.

Learn more about the ideal gas law:

Answer: The total pressure inside the container is 77.9 kPa

Explanation:

Dalton's law of partial pressure states that the total pressure of the system is equal to the sum of partial pressure of each component present in it.

To calculate the total pressure inside the container, we use the law given by Dalton, which is:

[tex]P_T=p_{N_2}+p_{O_2}+p_{Ar}[/tex]

We are given:

Vapor pressure of oxygen gas, [tex]p_{O_2}[/tex] = 40.9 kPa

Vapor pressure of nitrogen gas, [tex]p_{N_2}[/tex] = 23.3 kPa

Vapor pressure of argon, [tex]p_{Ar}[/tex] = 13.7 kPa

Putting values in above equation, we get:

[tex]p_T=23.3+40.9+13.7\\\\p_{T}=77.9kPa[/tex]

Hence, the total pressure inside the container is 77.9 kPa

Answer:

temperature = stdin.nextDouble();

Explanation: since the temperature has already been declared as a double variable, the above statement will read so.

As temperature equal standard input dot next double variable.

To read a floating point value from standard input into a double variable, use the scanf function with %lf format specifier.

To read a floating point (real) value from standard input into a double variable named temperature, you can use the scanf function in the C programming language. The scanf function allows you to read formatted input, and the %lf format specifier is used to read a double value. Here's an example:

This line of code will read a floating point value from the standard input and store it in the temperature variable declared as a double.

Learn more about floating point value here:

https://brainly.com/question/37291007

#SPJ3