Answer: 22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes, 1 Y chromosome, and 1 X chromosome
Explanation:
The chromosomes pair are found in same number in both males and females. The male have XY chromosome and 22 pair of autosomes.
The XY pair of chrmosomes are known as sex chromosomes which decides the person is male or female.
The karyotype of the male person will have 22 pair of autosomes and a pair of sex chromosomes XY.
Which of the following statements about sterols is true? A) All sterols share a fused-ring structure with four rings. B) Sterols are found in the membranes of all living cells. C) Sterols are soluble in water, but less so in organic solvents such as chloroform. D) Cholesterol is the principal sterol in fungi. E) The principal sterol of animal cells is a hopanol.
Answer: Option A) All sterols share a fused-ring structure with four rings.
Explanation:
Sterols are a class of lipids containing the steroid nucleus with hydroxyl groups. The sterane nucleus has four rings fused together: 3 cyclohexane rings fused in a nonlinear manner and a terminal cyclopentane ring
A common example is cholesterol.
Among the provided statements, only 'All sterols share a fused-ring structure with four rings' is true. Sterols, including cholesterol, are a type of lipid with a structure consisting of four fused rings. The other statements about sterols provided are incorrect.
Explanation:The correct statement among the given options is A) All sterols share a fused-ring structure with four rings. Sterols, including cholesterol, are a type of lipid that are characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings. This is a specific feature of sterols. B) is incorrect as sterols are not found in all living cell membranes. C) is incorrect as sterols are insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents. D) is also incorrect, ergosterol, not cholesterol, is the principal sterol in fungi. E) is incorrect as the principal sterol of animal cells is cholesterol, not a hopanol.
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A human kidney filters about 200 liters of blood each day. Approximately two liters of liquid and nutrient waste are excreted as urine. The remaining fluid and dissolved substances are reabsorbed and continue to circulate throughout the body. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted in response to reduced plasma volume. ADH targets the collecting ducts in the kidney, stimulating the insertion of aquaporins into their plasma membranes and an increased reabsorption of water.If ADH secretion is inhibited, which of the following would initially result?
a) Number of aquaporins would increase in response to the inhibition of ADH
b) The person would decrease oral water intake to compensate for the inhibition of ADH
c) Blood filtration would increase to compensate for lack of aquaporins
d) Person would produce a greater amount of dilute urine
Answer:
d) Person would produce a greater amount of dilute urine
Explanation:
ADH stands for anti diuretic hormone. It is also called vasopressin or arginine vasopressin. It is a hormone produced by the hypothalamus of the brain and then stored in the posterior pituitary gland.
Anti diuretic hormone acts by regulating the water balance in the blood. Osmotic sensors in the hypothalamus react to the concentration of particles in the blood. These particles include molecules of sodium, potassium, chloride, etc.
When blood pressure is too low, these sensors and baroreceptors tell your kidneys to release water to maintain a healthy range of these substances. They also regulate the body’s sense of thirst.
The majority of the benefits of exercise during pregnancy occur in the ____________; the majority of the risks of exercise during pregnancy apply to the ___________.
Answer: mother, fetus
Explanation:
There are many benefits associated with exercise to the mother this includes the reduction in back pain, it helps in constipation, promotes healthy weight, improves the fitness of mother and strengthen the heart and also improves the blood vessels by preventing the deposition of fat in them.
There are majority of risks associated with the fetus during pregnancy these includes the premature contraction of the uterus, premature labor and premature birth of the fetus. The overexercise done by mother is likely to affect the growth of the fetus.
The cichlid Cynotilapia afra, introduced at West Thumbi Island in Lake Malawi in the 1960s, has split into two genetically distinct populations, located at the north and south ends of the island. How can scientists determine whether these populations are now different species, according to the biological species concept?
Answer:
Determine whether individuals from one population will interbreed with individuals from the other population when introduced into each other's native habitats
Explanation:
According to the biological species concept, organisms can be considered to be of the same species if they can interbreed successfully together to produce a viable and fertile offspring.
Therefore, to determine whether these populations are now different according to the biological species concept, scientists should introduce both individuals from each population to each other. If they are able to interbreed and produce viable and fertile offspring, it means they are of the same species, but if they are unable, it means they are not of the same species.
Final answer:
Scientists can determine whether the populations of Cynotilapia afra on West Thumbi Island are different species by studying their reproductive isolation and genetic differences.
Explanation:
According to the biological species concept, two populations are considered different species if they are reproductively isolated and cannot produce viable offspring. To determine if the populations of Cynotilapia afra on West Thumbi Island are different species, scientists can study their reproductive isolation and genetic differences. They can analyze the mating behavior and breeding success of individuals from the north and south populations to see if they are interbreeding. Additionally, they can examine the genetic makeup of individuals from both populations to determine if there are significant genetic differences. If there is evidence of reproductive isolation and genetic differentiation, it would suggest that the north and south populations of Cynotilapia afra on West Thumbi Island have diverged enough to be considered different species.
Tracy had taken tennis lessons when she was very young and was a good tennis player while she was in school. However, she had not played tennis for years when she decided to enroll in a tennis class at college. At the tennis class, a moment after she picked up her racket, Tracy realized that she had shifted it to the correct forehand grip without even thinking. Tracy's _____ made this possible. Select one: a. implicit memory b. semantic memory c. psychomotor memory d. episodic memory
Answer:
A. Implicit Memory.
Explanation:
This form of memory presumably uses past experiences to remember things without thinking about them. It brings about the exhibition of past experiences, no matter how long ago those experiences occurred. It happens like an automatic response to the event been called to.
What evidence can you cite for the microscopic crystal nature of certain solids? For the macroscopic crystal nature?
Explanation:
x-ray diffraction and the macroscopic shape of crystals. X-ray diffraction is a nondestructive method generally utilized for the portrayal of smaller scale crystalline materials. The strategy has been generally applied for stage distinguishing proof, quantitative investigation and the assurance of structural flaws. Lately, applications have been stretched out to new territories, for example, the assurance of reasonably complex gem structures and the extraction of three-dimensional microstructural properties. This is the outcome of the higher goals of current diffractometers, the coming of high-power X-ray sources and the advancement of line-profile displaying ways to deal with conquer the line cover issue emerging from the one-dimensional information contained in a powder diffraction design.When a variegated female four o'clock plant is crossed with any male plant, progeny plants can have either green, white, or variegated leaves. Which of the following statements correctly explain this result? Select all that apply. a.The female plant produces some gametes that are homoplasmic. b.The female plant is heterozygous. c.The female plant produces some gametes that are heteroplasmic. d.The female plant is homozygous in some cells and heterozygous in other cells. e.Leaf phenotype is determined by the number of normal or mutant chloroplasts inherited from the female parent.
The correct statements are
a.The female plant produces some gametes that are homoplasmic.
c.The female plant produces some gametes that are heteroplasmic.
e.Leaf phenotype is determined by the number of normal or mutant chloroplasts inherited from the female parent.
Explanation:
The results clearly indicated that the phenotype of the progeny was clearly dependent on the female parent.
This is because the females have egg cells which are larger than the male’s pollens. Due to this large size, female egg cells have cellular organelles like mitochondria, chloroplasts etc; whereas, the smaller male cells are devoid of any organelle.
The variegation in a leaf depends upon the chloroplasts present in it and since only the female cells contain chloroplasts. The appearance of the green color depends upon the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts.
Hence when green leaves were propagated, the progeny also had green leaves. This clearly proves that the leaf phenotype is based on the female parent’s chloroplasts and homoplasmic or heteroplasmic phenotypes are accordingly produced in the progeny due to the female parent.
The female plant cannot be homozygous in some cells or heterozygous in other cells and need not be only heterozygous; the phenotype of the gamete only differs according to the female parent.
Two populations of birds with somewhat different coloration live on opposite sides of a peninsula. The habitat between the populations is not suitable for these birds. When birds from the two populations are brought together, they produce young whose appearance is intermediate between the two parents. These offspring will breed with each other or with birds from either parent population, and all offspring of these pairings appear intermediate to various degrees. What keeps the two populations separate?
Answer:
fdagharae
Explanation:zdhadhdhraeh
Final answer:
Habitat isolation keeps the two bird populations separate as they occupy non-overlapping territories, preventing natural interbreeding. Over time, genetic drift, natural selection, and mutation can cause these populations to further diverge.
Explanation:
What keeps the two populations of birds separate despite their ability to produce offspring when brought together is a concept known as habitat isolation. Habitat isolation occurs when populations of a species move or are moved to new habitats where they no longer have overlapping territories with other populations of the same species. This lack of overlap prevents regular reproduction between the populations, leading to reproductive and genetic independence. The habitat between the two bird populations mentioned is not suitable for either, effectively isolating them from each other and preventing any natural interbreeding. Over time, forces such as genetic drift, natural selection, and mutation can cause the two isolated populations to diverge further, potentially leading to speciation - the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.
Which statement correctly describes how the nervous system interacts with the digestive system? A The nervous system extracts nutrients from the digestive system to maintain homeostasis. B The nervous system controls the speed at which food moves through the digestive system. C The nervous system provides structural support to the body as food moves through the digestive system. D The nervous system delivers the nutrients from the digestive system to cells and tissues throughout the body.
Answer:B The nervous system controls the speed at which food moves through the digestive system
Explanation:During digestion,the nervous system helps to control the actions that takes place.they stimulate digestive juices and the muscles of digestive organs.
The extrinsic nerves comes to the digestive tract from the brain and the spinal cord.they release chemicals; acetylcholine and adrenaline.
Acetylcholine causes the muscles of the digestive organs to squeeze and push the food through the tract.adrenaline relaxes the muscles and reduces blood flow to the organs.these occurs unconsciously.
The intrinsic nerves acts to speed up or delay the movement of food in the digestive tract and also the production of digestive juices.
Answer: The nervous system controls the speed at which food moves through the digestive system
based on observational evidence, variations in the color of flamingos appears to be determined by their diet, an not their genes. Describe the steps of an investigation to provide evidence to support or refute this hypothesis.
In order to make a proper investigation using the scientific method we have to follow the following statements.
Create three or more groups of flamingos. One control group were the flamingos will be fed by their occasional diet. A second group with a diet with no artificial or natural dye, as β-Carotene, which is high present in seaweeds. The third group will have a diet with a high amount of β-Carotene. The color of the groups will be analyzed to see the changing of pigmentation by time. If the group which is fed by B-Carotene increases the pigmentation, it might indicate a diet factor. As counterproof, a sample of DNA of the groups has to be taken. If is there any pattern between the groups of no-colored flamingos and a pattern of colored ones. It can indicate a genetic factor. If not, the diet can be responsible for it.It is possible to carry out genetic crosses in order to observe the phenotypic proportion in offspring and thus confirm genetic inheritance.
Genetic inheritance can be traced by observing the proportion of offspring in a given cross.In diploid organisms, individuals receive two alleles (or gene forms) for a given gene locus.In complete dominance, the dominant allele completely masks the expression of the recessive allele in heterozygous individuals.In conclusion, it is possible to carry out genetic crosses in order to observe the phenotypic proportion in offspring and thus confirm genetic inheritance.
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Describe the role of smooth muscle in two human body systems other than the cardiovascular system.
Explanation:
Cardiac and skeletal muscle and cardiac(heart) are both striated in appearance, while smooth muscle isn't. Both Cardiac and smooth muscle are automatic while skeletal muscle is deliberate. Cardiovascular muscle is likewise an automatic muscle yet is progressively associated in structure to skeletal muscle, and is discovered uniquely in the heart. Smooth muscles move nourishment through the stomach related tract. In one's eye the pupillary sphincter muscles is answerable for contracting the size of the student. Smooth muscle developments keep up the supply routes' breadth. Smooth muscle controls wind stream in lungs. Heart muscles are striated not normal for smooth muscles. Cardiovascular muscles are found in the heart dividers and aorta while smooth muscles are found in most of blood vessels and internal organs.Answer:
Smooth muscles are type of tissue that are found in the walls of different organs like intestines, uterus and stomach,respiratory system etc.
Explanation:
The cell of smooth muscle is 3-10μm thick and 20-200μm long containing cytoplasm which is eosinophilic and have myofilaments.
The nucleus is centrally located and is cigar like shape when it contracts.
The cells of smooth muscle is surrounded by connective tissue by basal lamina.
Role-
It plays important role in the ducts of exocrine gland.It seals orifices like pyrolus,uterine wall and transport chyme through wave like contraction in intestinal tube.Myofibroblasts is a special type of smooth muscle that produce connective tissue proteins like collagen,elastin.A migratory bat species pollinates agave plants in northern Mexico on its way to the southwestern United States where it spends the summer eating insects and reproducing. Farmers spraying pesticides affect these bats, which eat the insects and also feed them to the baby bats. This could be the start of a story about ________.
-threats to a keystone species
-an extirpation
-insect biodiversity
-sustainable agriculture
-an umbrella species
Answer:
Threat to a keystone species
Explanation:
Keystone species are organisms that play a unique and crucial role within the ecosystem, that is, regulating the environment to help maintain a balanced habitat. Removing these organisms will result in an unbalanced ecosystem, this will affect other organisms and can lead to biodiversity degradation.
The enzyme phosphofructokinase catalyzes the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) activates the enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK) by binding at a site distinct from the substrate-binding site. This is an example of:__________.
Answer: Allosteric activation
The enzyme phosphofructokinase catalyzes the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) activates the enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK) by binding at a site distinct from the substrate-binding site. This is an example of allosteric activation.
Explanation:
The enzyme, phosphofructokinase is an allosteric enzyme since it possess more than one active site. The other active site is called an allosteric site.
Thus, since AMP binding at the allosteric site of PFK increases its affinity for its substrate (fructose-6-phosphate and ATP) conversion, then it is said to be an example of allosteric activation.
This is the study of similar and different structures in organisms.
Answer:
comparative anatomy
Explanation:
comparative anatomy is the study of similarities and differences in the structure/anatomy of different species. it has aided in the study of evolutionary biology and of common descent.
Final answer:
Comparative anatomy is the study of the similarities and differences in the structures of different species. Evidence for evolution is provided by homologous structures.
Explanation:
Comparative anatomy is the study of the similarities and differences in the structures of different species. Scientists compare the anatomy, embryos, and DNA of living things to understand how they evolved. Evidence for evolution is provided by homologous structures, which are structures shared by related organisms that were inherited from a common ancestor.
A bacterial cell is suddenly expelled from a warm human intestine into the cold world outside. Which one of the following adjustments might the cell make to maintain the same level of membrane fluidity that the cell had in the intestine?a. increase the length of the hydrocarbon tails in its membrane phospholipids.
b. increase the proportion of unsaturated hydrocarbon tails in its membrane phospholipids.
c. increase the proportion of hydrocarbon tails with no double bonds in its membrane phospholipid.
d. decrease the amount of cholesterol in the membrane.
Answer:
b. Increase the proportion of unsaturated hydrocarbon tails in its membrane phospholipids.
Explanation:
A bacterial cell in the warm human intestine that has been expelled into the cold world outside has to increase the proportion of unsaturated hydrocarbon tails in its membrane phospholipids to be able to maintain the level of membrane fluidity it experienced in the intestine.
This is because membrane phospholipids are unsaturated fatty acids that have more double bonds and a shorter hydrocarbon tail which prevents them from been tightly packed together thereby increasing the fluidity of the phospholipids in the bacterial cell.
Answer:
b. increase the proportion of unsaturated hydrocarbon tails in its membrane phospholipids.
Explanation:
Fluidity of the plasma membrane depends on the fluctuations of the structure of its cholesterol, length of the fatty acid chains and the extent of saturation.
Thus fluidity is encouraged by;
Increase in unsaturation of the fatty acids tails. The more unsaturated the chain, the' more bent' or 'kink' they are and therefore the less aligned, and therefore more fluidity. Since unsaturation favours fluidity the answer is B.
The short the fatty acid tails; shorter tails are less packaged together they therefore promote fluidity. longer chains gives close packing encouraging rigidity.
Option c, is reducing unsaturation,but promoting saturation which does not favour rigidity, therefore very wrong.
option d, is wrong because increasing cholesterol levels promotes fluidity by preventing close packing. Therefore, decreasing it favours rigidity.
Which of the following is NOT true regarding the Maillard browning reaction? It is the reaction involved in when heating a sugar to a temperature greater than its melting point. It produces brown colored compounds. It requires a reducing sugar and an amine group from a protein. It is the reaction that involved in making caramel candies.
Explanation:
This procedure quickens in a basic domain in light of the fact that the amino testing don't kill. This response is the premise of the seasoning business since the sort of amino corrosive decides the subsequent flavor. All the while, several distinctive flavor mixes are made. These mixes thusly separate to frame yet progressively new flavor mixes, etc. Each sort of nourishment has an exceptionally unmistakable arrangement of flavor intensifies that are shaped during the Maillard response. It is these equivalent aggravates that enhance researchers have utilized throughout the years to make counterfeit flavors. The Maillard response ought not to be mistaken for Caramelization which happens with sugarsHence, the right answer is "It requires a reducing sugaer and an amine group from a protein"
The statement that the Maillard browning reaction is involved in making caramel candies is incorrect. It actually involves both a reducing sugar and an amine group from a protein and happens at high temperatures.
Explanation:The statement that is not true regarding the Maillard browning reaction is that it is the reaction involved in making caramel candies. In fact, the caramelization process is a completely different chemical reaction, involving the pyrolysis of certain sugars. The Maillard reaction, on the other hand, is a form of non-enzymatic browning which requires both a reducing sugar and an amine group from a protein. This Maillard reaction is responsible for the delicious brown color and flavor in foods such as seared steaks, toasted bread, and roasted coffee beans. It is a complex reaction that only happens at higher temperatures, generally above the melting point of the sugar involved.
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Suppose that the human insulin protein that was produced by the bacteria was much shorter than it should be. Upon further investigation, it was found that the DNA of the human insulin gene had a mutation while in the bacterial cells. What type of mutation could not result in these observations?
Explanation:
Mutations are changes in a DNA sequence, and they can occur due to radiation or other types of DNA damage. If mutations occur in the part of a gene that encodes a protein (the coding region of a gene), they can change the amino acid sequence of that proteinBut not always; a silent mutation is a type of mutation in the coding region of a gene that doesn't actually change the amino acid sequence of the protein that is madeA point mutation is a change in one nucleotide or base pair of a DNA sequence. An example would be if a C in the DNA code was changed to a T Point mutations can happen anywhere along a DNA sequence, Mutations in the coding region of DNA can directly affect the amino acid sequence of the protein productWhat is a product from fatty acid oxidation of palmitate?
Answer: Acetyl coA
Explanation:
The beta-oxidation of palmitate (hexadecanoic acid); one of the most common saturated fatty acids, occurs in the mitochondria and yields 8 molecules of Acetyl-coA that then enters the citric acid cycle and electron transport system to yield ATP.
A bear is placed in a laboratory whose interior is designed to precisely mimic its natural environment. However, the environment is kept in full light 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Which of the following is the bear likely to do?1) attempt to mate.
2) behave normally.
3) stop foraging.
4) fail to hibernate.
Answer:
4) fail to hibernate
Explanation:
Animals, such as bear, tend to hibernate when the conditions of the environment become harsh for them. As a result, the go to hibernation mode for that period of time. Bears usually hibernate during the winter season when the temperature outside becomes lower.
When a bear will be placed in the laboratory with constant sunlight, the bear will fail to hibernate as the bear will have no burrow or cave for hibernation and also he might consider the light source as conditions being warm.
Use the information from the article to answer the question.
Asteroids and Comets
Which statements describe the characteristics of asteroids? Check all that apply.
formed 4.6 billion years ago
orbit the Sun beyond Jupiter
range in size from a few feet to more than 300 miles across
have a total mass greater than the mass of the moon
most are found in the asteroid belt
Answer: Formed 4.6 billion years ago and most are found in the asteriod belt
Explanation:
Answer:
1.)formed 4.6 billion years ago 3.)range in size from a few feet to 300 miles across 5.) most are found in the asteroid belt
Explanation:
read the article provided
The greater the mass of tissue in an organ, the greater its need for an adequate blood supply. Which chamber of the heart has the highest probability of being the site of a myocardial infarction?
Left ventricle .
Explanation:
Myocardial infarction commonly known as heart attack occurs when there is inadequate supply of blood to the heart.
Since the left ventricle of the heart is much thick when compared to other chambers, its oxygen demand is much more. To fulfill this oxygen demand it needs maximum supply of oxygenated blood.
Thus if the blood supply to heart is lowered due to any reason then the left ventricle will be affected at first becoming the most probable site of myocardial infarction.
The left ventricle has the highest probability of being the site of a myocardial infarction because it requires a significant amount of blood to supply its thick muscular walls, making it more vulnerable to disruptions in blood supply.
The chamber of the heart with the highest probability of being the site of a myocardial infarction is the left ventricle. This is because the left ventricle has a greater mass of tissue than any other chamber within the heart, due to its role in pumping oxygenated blood to the systemic circulation, which requires considerable force to reach the farthest points of the body, like the toes. The left ventricle's thick muscle walls need an adequate blood supply to function, making it more vulnerable to damage if the supply is disrupted, such as by a blockage in the coronary arteries that feed the heart muscle. Myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when cardiac muscle cells die due to a blockage of a coronary artery, halting the blood flow and the oxygen supply to that part of the heart muscle.
What type of force does a backpack exert on the body’s back and hips?
tension
compression
flexion
extension
Answer:
Compression
Explanation:
Backpack cause strain in one's neck, back and shoulders especially when it is loaded with load, the weight's force pull backward. In order to compensate for the force we bend forward at the hips or arch our back and this causes the spine to compress unnaturally.
Answer:
compression
Explanation:
plato/ edmentum
The bacterial species Staphylococcus aureus is found on the skin and in the nasal passages of about 20% of the human population. In healthy individuals, S. aureus is benign (does not cause harm) in these locations. However, if it is introduced into the bloodstream through, for example, a wound, it can make a person gravely ill. Thus, the ecological relationship of S. aureus with a human:______________
Answer:
The ecological relationship of Staphylococcus aureus with a human can be mutualistic or antagonistic.
Explanation:
Mutualism is a type of ecological interaction. It occurs between 2 individuals in which each individual has a net benefit.
Antagonism is the opposite of Mutualism. It also occurs between two individuals but in this case one specie is getting the advantage at the expense of the other specie.
You've discovered a new plant species in which
green fruit color (g) is recessive to yellow fruit color (G), and
long fruit shape (l) is recessive to round fruit shape (L).
The genes for fruit color and shape are located on the same chromosome and are 12 m.u. apart.
Determine the proportions of progeny of each phenotype produced for this cross: Gl/gL x Gl/gL
The cross will produce progeny with different fruit color and shape phenotypes due to recombination on the same chromosome.
Explanation:The cross between Gl/gL and Gl/gL parents will produce four different phenotypes in their progeny: yellow long fruits (GL/L), yellow round fruits (GL/gL), green long fruits (gL/L), and green round fruits (gL/gL).
Since the genes for fruit color and shape are located on the same chromosome and 12 m.u. apart, recombination will occur.
The proportions of progeny for each phenotype will depend on the frequency of recombination events.
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In certain cancers, the GTPase activity of the RAS G-protein is inhibited. This means that the RAS protein can no longer hydrolyze GTP into GDP. What effect would this have on downstream cellular events?
Explanation:
The epidermal development factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase associated with the guideline of cell development, wound mending, and tissue fix. When EGF ties to the EGFR, a course of downstream occasions makes the cell develop and isolate. In the event that EGFR is actuated at improper occasions, uncontrolled cell development (malignancy) may happen. After the ligand ties to the phone surface receptor, the initiation of the receptor's intracellular parts sets off a chain of occasions that is known as a flagging pathway, here and there called a flagging course. In a flagging pathway, second delivery people catalysts and enacted proteins interface with explicit proteins, which are thus initiated in a chain response that in the long run prompts an adjustment in the cell's condition For example, an expansion in digestion or explicit quality articulation. The occasions in the course happen in an arrangement, much like an ebb and flow streams in a waterway. Collaborations that happen before a specific point are characterized as upstream occasions, and occasions after that point are called downstream occasions.When the level of arterial carbon dioxide rises above normal: Select one: a. exhalation lasts longer than inhalation. b. the brain stem inhibits respirations. c. respirations increase in rate and depth. d. respirations decrease in rate and depth.
Explanation:
The term Hypercapnia or Hypercarbia is given to the body's response to excessive carbon dioxide. At the point when [tex]CO_2[/tex] levels become unnecessary, a condition known as Acidosis happens.Respiration is the biochemical process where organism's cell obtain energy when glucose and oxygen combine, and that result in the production of carbon dioxide, water and ATP.When arterial carbon dioxide level rises above normal, respirations increase in rate and depth due to the stimulation of the respiratory centers in the brain. These centers control the respiratory rate and depth based on chemical and pH changes in the blood.
Explanation:When the level of arterial carbon dioxide rises above normal, respirations increase in rate and depth. This is because a rise in carbon dioxide or a decline in oxygen levels in the blood stimulates an increase in respiratory rate and depth. The respiratory centers of the brain, stimulated by chemical and pH changes in the blood, control respiratory rate and depth.
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The parents of a 13-year-old boy with a sore throat for a week, vomiting for two days, swollen lymph glands, and stiff achy joints is now seeking antibiotic treatment after herbal remedies were unsuccessful. Throat cultures reveal infection with group A streptococci. This child is at high risk for development of which cardiac complicaton?
ANSWER: MITRAL VALVE STENOSIS
EXPLANATION:
The child have the risk of having MITRAL VALVE STENOSIS. It is also referred to as mitral stenosis.
Mitral valve stenosis occurs as results of the mitral valve opening narrowing. Which effect to less blood flowing through it.
The mitral valve is located between two chambers (the atrium and the ventricle) on the left side of your heart.
However, Mitral valve stenosis can lead to different health issues, including blood clots, difficulty breathing, fatigue, and heart failure.
Mitral valve stenosis is specifically caused by rheumatic fever (a childhood disease). This rheumatic fever occurs has a result of the body's immune response to an infection associated with the streptococcal bacteria.
Acute rheumatic fever affects the joints and the heart greatly. It causes joints inflammation temporarily and in severe case causes chronic disability.
Nevertheless, this cardiac complication have treatment and it is based on whether the affected individuals shows symptoms. Medications like blood thinners or anticoagulants (to reduce the risk of blood clots), diuretics, antiarrhythmics (to cure abnormal heart rhythms), beta-blockers (to slow your heart) etc, are being administered based on the level of the complication.
DNA replication is necessary for bacterial cell replication. One of the ways that antibacterials are effective is by inhibiting the DNA replication. Antibacterials often accomplish this by:
1. Encouraging the replication of the original DNA to form a new DNA strands.
2. Encouraging migration of the DNA strands to opposite sides of the cell.
3. Affecting the enzymes needed for DNA replication.
4. Assisting the supercoil to relax and unwind
Explanation:
Replication is the process by which cells duplicate their genetic material (DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid) before undergoing the process of cell division so that each copy of the duplicated DNA is incorporated in each of the daughter cells produced after the process of mitosis (cell division).The parent bacteria also transmit their genetic material to the daughter bacteria by the same process.There are many enzymes required for the process of DNA replication:DNA polymerase : synthesizes new daughter DNA strand.Helicase: unwinds the parental DNA double helix.Toposiomerase: uncoils the DNA supercoils.Primase: synthesize short fragments of RNA, called Primers, those provide the 3' hydroxyl group for the purpose of nucleotide addition by DNA polymerase.Ligase: anneals the Okazaki fragments generated on the newly synthesized lagging DNA strand.Antibacterials target to kill (bactericidal) or prevent the growth (bacteristatic)of bacteria. This is possible by inhibiting the process of replication in the bacteria. Replication can be inhibited by inhibiting any of the above enzymes which are necessary for the operation of the replication process in the correct manner.A genetic study conducted over two generations found that the frequencies of genotypes in the first generation were AA: 0.36, Aa: 0.48, and aa: 0.16. In the second generation, genotype frequencies remained the same. According to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, we can assume:_______.
Answer:
We can assume that there are no evolutionary changes.
Explanation:
The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium is a law which suggests that if the allele frequencies or genotype frequencies do not change in between different generations, then there is no evolutionary influence on that species.
In the example given in the question, it is stated that the genotype frequencies stay the same for the second generation, so according to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium we can assume that there are no evolutionary changes.
I hope this answer helps.
Answer:
mating in this population is random
Explanation:
In very simple terms, population genetics involves analyses of
the interactions between predictable, "deterministic"
evolutionary forces and unpredictable, random, "stochastic"
forces. The deterministic forces are often referred to as
"linear pressures" because they tend to push allele frequencies
in one direction (up, down or towards the middle).
The Hardy–Weinberg principle states that allele and genotype
frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to
generation in the absence of other evolutionary influences. These
influences include genetic drift , mate choice , assortative mating ,
natural selection , sexual selection , mutation , gene flow , meiotic
drive , genetic hitchhiking, population bottleneck , founder effect and
inbreeding .
In the simplest case of a single locus with two alleles denoted A
and a with frequencies f (A) = p and f (a) = q , respectively, the
expected genotype frequencies under random mating are f (AA) = p 2
for the AA homozygotes , f (aa) = q 2 for the aa homozygotes, and f
(Aa) = 2 pq for the heterozygotes . In the absence of selection,
mutation, genetic drift, or other forces, allele frequencies p and q are
constant between generations, so equilibrium is reached.
Which of the following is most similar in structure to ATP?
A) a pentose sugar B) a DNA nucleotide C) an RNA nucleotide D) a phospholipid E) an amino acid with three phosphate groups attached
Explanation:
Nucleic acids, DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid and RNA or Ribonucleic acid are the biological macro-molecules formed by the polymerization of monomeric units called Deoxy-ribonuclotide and Ribonucleotide respectively.Each nucleotide or deoxy-ribonucleotide is comprised of: A pentose sugar, deoxyribose for DNA and ribose for RNA. The Ribose has a hydroxyl group at the 2' carbon position of the sugar molecule. This hydroxyl group is replaced by hydrogen in the deoxyribose sugar.A nitrogenous base, like adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine (for DNA) and uracil (for RNA) linked to the 1' carbon of the deoxyribose or ribose sugar through glycosidic linkage.One phosphate group which forms a phosphodiester bond in between the 3' carbon of one sugar molecule with the 5' carbon of the next sugar molecule in the nucleic acid polymer.An ATP molecule contain: Ribose as the pentose sugar but not deoxyribose.The nitrogenous base here is Adenine.Three phosphate groups, alpha, beta and gamma, linked to each other by two phospho-anhydride bonds and to the ribose sugar by one phosphate-ester bond.The ATP molecule loses two of its phosphate groups, the beta phosphate and the gamma phosphate, and forms a phosphodiester bond between the 3' carbon of one ribose sugar molecule and the 5' carbon of the next ribose sugar molecule in the Ribonucleic acid polymer.Final answer:
The structure most similar to ATP is an RNA nucleotide because both have a nitrogenous base, a ribose sugar, and phosphate groups.
Explanation:
Among the choices provided, the one that is most similar in structure to ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is C) an RNA nucleotide. Both ATP and an RNA nucleotide consist of three parts: a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar (ribose), and phosphate groups. An RNA nucleotide has a ribose sugar, a nitrogenous base, and can have one, two, or three phosphate groups attached to it. ATP has an adenosine backbone, which is a combination of adenine (the nitrogenous base) and ribose (the five-carbon sugar), plus three phosphate groups (α, β, and γ) attached.