Answer:
Well there are not much differences between Indian and Japanese education system because both countries adopted foreign education system which are somewhat similar to each other.
Japan adopted French education system while India adopted English education system.
Now the point to note here that Britain and France from where India and Japanese adopted the learning system have implemented new methods and effective learning techniques over the course of time while India and Japan are stuck with same old system which Britain and France followed few decades back - This is where I think both countries are falling back. We need to change things as time progress. Change is necessay.
One benefit which Japanese education system has over India is that Japanese are well versed with their culture and rituals. Now how this is related to education? Well,education is not only related to academics. You may find very few people in China as well in Japan who speaks English. Majority of the people in Japan converse daily in Japanese and they are proud of it. Not knowing any foreign language is not a barrier for them to succeed in life. This also reduces inequality and sense of complex.
This is possible in Japan as Japan did not face any foreign invasion and has a single race of people. While on the other hand India faced many foreign invasion and don't have a single race of people.
Indians need to be proud about their culture, not knowing English should not be a barrier, languages like Sanskrit should be give greater importance. How can we believe in Mahabharata and Ramayana if they are called “Mythological stories” which consist the word myth which itself means false!
Something to think upon!
So leaving the above two points I don't think there education system differ much than that of Japanese education system.