How far do you think Mahatma Gandhi has shown the way to all of us for democratic ways of doing protest without resorting to violence?Critically evaluate.​

Answers

Answer 1

The fact of not using violence as a form of struggle does not mean that these movements have not been repressed by the authorities. On the contrary, its leaders were persecuted, arrested and repressed. One of the biggest peaceful mobilizations was known as the "March of Salt", which was a walk of approximately 500 km led by Gandhi towards the sea with the aim of producing the salt itself to contest the English monopoly on the product. The British reaction was the arrest of Gandhi and people who supported the march. It is important to highlight that not resisting repression is also part of the disobedience strategies, as it is a kind of demoralization of the government and its repressive system.

Peaceful methods continue to guide the practice of several organizations, many of them in defense of ecology. For the demands of your rights to be fulfilled, it is very important that public opinion is convinced that the fight is fair and expresses support.


Related Questions

The approach to understanding sentences that depends on our understanding of the social rules which apply is called ______.
utility
pragmatics
syntax
semantics

Answers

The correct answer is semantics

Explanation:  Semantics is the branch of linguistics that studies the meanings and / or sense of words in the language. From the Greek, the word semantics (semantiká) means "sign".

What resulted in the Second Industrial Revolution?
o Innovators developed a process to produce steel inexpensively.
• Engineers built the first internal combustion engine.
Capitalists developed a system that increased factory productivity.
o Scientists invented a process for extracting oil from coal.

Answers

The correct answer is Innovators developed a process to produce steel inexpensively.

The Second Industrial Revolution was born with scientific and technological progress that occurred in England, France and the United States, around the second half of the 19th century.

The discovery and use of new energy sources - oil (in the combustion engine), water (in hydroelectric plants), uranium (for nuclear energy), have further revolutionized industrial production. The list of inventions and discoveries is huge, which represented greater comfort for the human being.

Final answer:

The Second Industrial Revolution resulted from technological breakthroughs in steel production, electricity, transportation, and communication, leading to increased demand for raw materials and a transformed global economy.

Explanation:

The Second Industrial Revolution was characterized by a surge of technological innovations and industrial expansion. It began around the mid-19th century and continued into the early 20th century. Key developments included the mass production of steel, pioneered by the Bessemer process and the open-hearth furnace, as well as advances in electricity, transportation, and communication.

Steel production greatly increased in efficiency and scale, thanks to new processes. This allowed for the construction of more extensive railways, innovative buildings, and stronger machinery. In transportation, the internal combustion engine gave rise to automobiles and significantly changed the way people and goods moved. Access to electricity expanded with the invention of electrical generators, leading to electrical appliances, and the electrification of homes and cities, which sparked further industrial and social changes.

Finally, the advancements created a heightened demand for raw materials such as rubber, mineral ores, and cotton to support these new technologies. The result was an interconnected global economy, with industrialized nations seeking resources from around the world, thus also influencing global politics and relations.

According to this graph, most of immigrants to Europe come from A) the Caribbean. B) nations in Asia. C) countries within Europe. D) countries within Africa.

Answers

Countries within Europe.

Answer: Option C.

Explanation:

According to a survey done about the immigrants who come to Europe, Among the 5.3 million foreign-born immigrants, 38% are from Europe, 30% from Maghreb, 12.5% from Sub-Saharan Africa, 14.2% from Asia and 5.3% from America and Oceania.

These immigrants come to Europe in the search for better jobs opportunities, to enjoy a better standard of life and to enjoy great amenities. In Europe they get to enjoy a better quality of life and grow in terms of life.

Answer:C) countries within Europe.

Explanation:

How far is a house in New York if it takes you 5 hours to get there and your average speed is 35 miles per half hour? *\

Answers

Answer:

1 hour or 1: 36. 34 seconds

Booker t washington vs WEB DuBois

Answers

Answer:

Booker T Washington vs WEB DuBois is a famous debate concerned with the progress of African American people in which both the participants are in favor of the progress of African Americans but through different means.

Explanation:

Booker T Washington was a renowned thinker who proposed that African Americans should improve themselves and become more able as human beings in order to earn respect and dignity. On the other hand, WEB DuBois argued that it is mandatory for African Americans to fight for their rights as there is no other way to gain what they deserve.
Final answer:

Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois had contrasting perspectives on the challenges faced by black America.

Explanation:

Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois were two prominent black leaders at the turn of the century who had different perspectives on the challenges faced by black America.

Washington advocated for Black empowerment through education and entrepreneurship, believing that political activity alone was not enough for freedom.

Du Bois, on the other hand, believed that Washington's acceptance of segregation was unacceptable and that it hindered the progress of the race. He advocated for equality of opportunity and challenged Washington's views in his book 'The Souls of Black Folk'.

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Which is and example of lobbying?
A. Voting regularly in both primary and general elections. B. Calling public officials to Express views on upcoming votes. C. Choosing political candidates by their beliefs on key issues. D. Researching and comparing candidates in a political election.

Answers

The correct answer would be option B, Calling public officials to Express views on upcoming votes.

The above mentioned statement is an example of Lobbying.

Explanation:

Lobbying is an inevitable part of the political system. Lobbying is also often seen in organizations and at workplaces.

When people or private interest groups, try to influence the decisions of the government, or the authority above them, this is called as lobbying.

So when people who are influential, express their views about something, it means they try to influence others about that thing. This is called as lobbying. So when public officials are called to express their views about the upcoming votes, this is an example of lobbying.

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Answer:

Calling public officials to express views on upcoming votes.

Explanation:

There are many forms of lobbying. One of the most basic kinds of lobbying might involve calling public officials to express views on upcoming votes. This is a way to express one’s beliefs to government representatives.

A police officers baton a judges gavel and a prison officers badge are considered forms of non material culture

Answers

It is a true statement.

Explanation:

A police officer’s baton, a judge’s gavel and a prison officer’s badge are considered as non-material culture.

Non-material culture includes some of the creations and ideas that are not personified in physical objects, and it denotes the intellectual ideas and ways of thinking of the culture. Non-material cultures are some of the ideas and beliefs that contribute in shaping the society.

Getting a tattoo is a kind of non-material culture because the tattoo signifies the part of an individual.

Answer:

true

Explanation:

A generally accepted understanding of "comparative politics" is that it is a method of explaining similarities and differences between states (countries) based on analysis of their political systems. In applying this method, what types of issues or dynamics do comparativists focus on the most? What kinds of questions do they ask? (15 points)

Answers

Answer:

Comparative politics is investigating internal processes within countries or political entities by comparing their characteristics according to a specific model. Though it can potentially address a wide range of aspects, comparative politics is most widely applied to such issues as politics of democratic and authoritarian states, political identity, regime change and democratization, voting behavior and a number of others.

Comparativists often ask how certain processes, for example, democratization, differ in specific states that still can be placed under the same analysis because they share certain characteristics.  

Following the democratization example, let us take post-soviet countries. Comparativists may take most similar countries that share many similarities, such as Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania), or most different countries, such as Estonia and Belarus. Here comparativists may ask, why Estonia developed a strong democratic regime, while Belarus fell into a consolidated authoritarian regime.  

Which of the following groups of people living in the United States can legally vote? Select all that apply.

natural-born citizens
naturalized citizens
legal aliens
illegal aliens
people over age sixteen

Answers

Final answer:

Only natural-born citizens and naturalized citizens of the United States who are eighteen years of age or older have the legal right to vote. Legal aliens, illegal aliens, and those under the age of eighteen are not eligible to vote.

Explanation:

In the United States, the groups of people who can legally vote are natural-born citizens and naturalized citizens. Legal aliens, illegal aliens, and people over age sixteen who are not yet eighteen are not eligible to vote. The right to vote is protected by amendments to the U.S. Constitution, including the 14th Amendment which defines citizenship, and the 26th Amendment which sets the voting age to 18 years and older. Furthermore, states may have specific guidelines, such as restrictions on voting for those with felony convictions or other criteria that might temporarily or permanently bar individuals from voting.

in 1917 the central powers tried to influence what country to enter the war as their ally

a. germany
b. china
c. mexico
d. all of the above

Answers

Answer:

A-Germany

Explanation: The Central Powers were a group of nations fighting against the Allied Powers during World War I. The members included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria and their territories.

Should employers be able or not be able to check their candidate’s social media during the hiring process? If so list 5 reasons why

Answers

They should not;
1. The posts were made prior to the employment request, therefore it shouldn't matter what they did before they were employed.
2. Social media today isn't taken as seriously as before, meaning that people can share and say many things as a joke, or out of fun; that doesn't automatically mean that they stand behind it or truly mean/desire it
3.Social media can be wrongly interpreted by the employer thus creating miscommunication and misleasion
4.Social media account could be old and/or hacked

Final answer:

Yes, employers should be able to check their candidate's social media during the hiring process for reasons such as assessing professionalism, screening for red flags, evaluating skills and qualifications, determining cultural fit, and uncovering hidden talents.

Explanation:

Employers should be able to check their candidate's social media during the hiring process for several reasons:

Professionalism: Checking social media helps employers assess a candidate's professionalism and whether their online presence aligns with the company's values.

: Employers can identify any red flags or concerning behavior that may affect the candidate's suitability for the job.

: Social media can provide insights into a candidate's skills, qualifications, and expertise, showcasing their potential value to the company.

: By checking social media, employers can assess a candidate's compatibility with the company's culture and determine if they will be a good fit for the team.: Social media platforms allow candidates to showcase their hidden talents, accomplishments, and relevant experiences that may not be evident in their resume.

To what extent should the federal government expertise more power than the state government

Answers

Usually yes. But the form of government and control that the US has is different, so they manage to manage these differences in order to be able to do their duty well in a coordinated manner.

How did the genocide affect world war 1

Answers

It was one of the events that touched all the problems and disputes of the first world war directly affected the conflicts and their ways of development from that.

Identify three concurrent powers of government and explain why these are set up this way. Do you believe the federal government should control these?
PLZ help me, all i need is for someone to please explain this answer so i can put it into an essay!

Answers

Given below is a short elaboration of concurrent powers, its functioning, and its distribution: Conducting and regulating elections and allied activities, the imposition of taxes, and borrowing money can be identified as three concurrent powers of government. These powers have been set up in the given manner in order to avoid traits like imbalance of power, partial distribution of resources, excessive dominance of the central government on the state governments, etc. The federal government should not be in full control of concurrent powers as it would result in emergence of conflicts between the states and the federal government.

1.Which of the following were ideas associated with the Enlightenment? Select the two correct answers.

A.
divine intervention

B.
separation of government powers

C.
theory of relativity

D.
religious tolerance

E.
mysticism

Answers

Answer:

B. separation of government powers

D. religious tolerance

Explanation:

Separation of governmental powers into legislative, executive, and judiciary is one of the key legacies of the Age of the Enlightenment. It has  developed from the idea of the Checks and balances introduced by Montesquieu (18 January 1689 – 10 February 1755) in his work 'The Spirit of the Laws', 1748.

Religious tolerance as we know it today was sourced from the idea of individual liberty that also developed during the Age of Enlightenment. Fundamentally, it meant that a person is free to choose which religion to practice, but it is also important to respect the choice of others, especially if it is different from one owns. In France during the Age of Enlightenment it was opposing to the dogmas of the Roman Catholic Church.  

Final answer:

The correct answers are B) separation of government powers and D) religious tolerance, reflecting the Enlightenment's emphasis on reason, individual rights, and the limitation of religious and government authority.

Explanation:

The Enlightenment was a philosophical movement in the 18th century that emphasized the use of reason as the primary source of authority, legitimacy, and knowledge. It championed ideals such as liberty, progress, tolerance, and the separation of powers in government. Therefore, the ideas associated with the Enlightenment that are correct in the given options would be B) separation of government powers and D) religious tolerance. The concept of divine intervention relates to the belief that a deity directly influences the affairs of the world, which was not an Enlightenment idea. The theory of relativity is associated with 20th-century physics and Albert Einstein, not the Enlightenment. Mysticism, which involves spiritual apprehension of truths beyond the intellect, was not an Enlightenment idea, as Enlightenment thought focused on rationalism and empirical evidence.


John Locke's work epitomized Enlightenment ideals with his advocacy for a government based on a social contract that protected individual rights, including freedom of conscience. And the eventual drift away from divine-right monarchy towards more democratic principles of government is a direct result of Enlightenment thinking. Thus, in response to religious conflict and the desire for progress, Enlightenment thinkers sought to curtail the political power of organized religion, believing that including a wide spectrum of beliefs, like Deism and atheism, would lead to a more socially and morally stable society.

People In Tampa ask President McKinley to send soldiers for protection do you think you said he was really in danger why or why not

Answers

People In Tampa ask President McKinley to send soldiers for protection in the weeks after April 1898 that caused  a great deal of overcrowding which was not at all needed.

Explanation: In the year 1898, Republican William McKinley brought the nation into war for the independence of Cuba with Spain. His courageous foreign policy allowed United States to play active role in global affairs.

He was reelected with huge margin of victory reflected the American public’s satisfaction resulted the Spanish-American War and the economic prosperity of the country.

Tampa’s streets was overcrowded and hundred of  soldiers were affected by heat exhaustion and had to compute with mosquitoes. The shortage of food, milk, and ice also affected the soldiers.

Final answer:

While there were real concerns about safety and American interests leading up to the Spanish-American War, President McKinley's initial reluctance to send soldiers for protection in Tampa or elsewhere underscores the complexities and risks involved. The decision to engage militarily was not taken lightly, influenced by the USS Maine incident, public pressure, and Spain's refusal to ensure Cuban independence. Ultimately, the perceived danger and strategic interests pushed the U.S. towards war, underlined by Congressional support and the Teller Amendment to safeguard against annexation of Cuba.

Explanation:

It is important to note that the request from people in Tampa for President McKinley to send soldiers for protection arises from a context of heightened tensions and potential danger in the period leading up to the Spanish-American War. President McKinley was cautious about engaging in war, given the potential risks and the untested nature of the American military forces. Despite pressures, including the explosion of the USS Maine in Havana harbor and public desire to support Cuban independence, McKinley initially sought a peaceful solution with Spain. The ultimate decision to engage in conflict came after Spain's refusal to declare Cuban independence and ongoing atrocities in Cuba, leading to a Congressional declaration of war supported by the Teller Amendment to prevent U.S. annexation of Cuba. Thus, the notion of danger to American interests was significant enough to warrant military action, though McKinley's hesitance reflects the complexities of the decision.

what are two postie effects video games have

Answers

1. They help kids calm down and get their mind off things: de stress
2. Communication with new people

Answer:

Fostering Friendships

Exploring Autonomy

Building Competence

Explanation:

4. What was an important consequence of the U.S. - Mexican War?
5. Who was John C. Calhoun and what were his views on States
Rights?
6. How was the territory of Oregon resolved?
7. What country was the territory of Oregon with?

Answers

Answer:

4. The war—in which U.S. forces were consistently victorious—resulted in the United States' acquisition of more than 500,000 square miles (1,300,000 square km) of Mexican territory extending westward from the Rio Grande to the Pacific Ocean.

5. Calhoun championed states' rights and slavery and was a symbol of the Old South. He spent the last 20 years of his life in the U.S. Senate working to unite the South against the abolitionist attack on slavery. His efforts included opposing the admittance of Oregon and California to the Union as free states.

6. The United States and Great Britain signed the Treaty of Oregon on June 15, 1846, ending 28 years of joint occupancy of the Pacific Northwest. The treaty established the 49th parallel as the border between the two countries.

7. In 1846 the Oregon Treaty was signed between the US and Britain to settle the boundary dispute. The British gained the land north of the 49th parallel, including the Vancouver Island and the United States received the territory south of the parallel.

Explanation:

Which of the following best explains how consumers' purchases influence the
decisions of producers?
O
A. Producers can figure out what consumers are willing to pay based
on what they buy.
B. Producers can determine how best to reduce waste by knowing
what consumers don't buy.
C. Producers can judge whether they have an efficient production
process based on what consumers buy.
O
D. Producers can predict the effects of new technologies based on
the technologies used by consumers.

Answers

Answer:

A. Producers can figure out what consumers are willing to pay based

on what they buy.

Explanation:

For example, a fashion brand Zara introduces new line of female apparel for autumn and winter. In addition to well-selling items like pullovers and chino pants, this line includes closed ponchos. Though, closed ponchos became trendy in high fashion this season, producer can see that they do not perform well with their consumers. The poncho sales turned out to be very limited. For the next autumn and winter season, Zara conducts a focus group research and finds out that open ponchos are popular. Thus, Zara introduces a line of open ponchos that ultimately perform very well on market.

According to Max Weber, which is an element of bureaucracies?
O
A. Uniform treatment of workers
O
B. Specialization of labor
O
C. Chain of command
O
D. All of the above

Answers

Answer:

D

Explanation:

Answer:

D. All of the Above

Explanation:

I just got it right :)

Terri is four years old. The intelligence test that would most likely be used to determine her IQ is the __________
WAIS-IV
WAIS-III
WPPSI-III
WISC-IV

Answers

Answer:

The intelligence test that would most likely be used to determine Terri's IQ is the WPPSI-III

Explanation:

The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence is a counterpart of the WAIS test specially designed to determine the IQ of children in the age group of 2 years and 2 months to 7 years and 7 months. This test specifically dispenses data that is associated with the cognitive development of the children in the given age group

Final answer:

The WPPSI-III is the intelligence test likely used for a four-year-old like Terri to determine her IQ, as it is specifically adapted for preschool children.

Explanation:

For a four-year-old like Terri, the intelligence test most likely to be used to determine her IQ is the Wechsler Primary and Preschool Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-III). This test is specifically adapted for preschool children and is part of the series of intelligence scales created by David Wechsler. While the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV) is the most widely used intelligence test for adults, and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV) is for older children and adolescents, the WPPSI-III is designed to assess the cognitive development of young children.

Each version of the Wechsler scales is standardized for specific age ranges and provides a comprehensive measure of a child's intellectual ability. The WPPSI-III assesses several cognitive domains, ensuring a multi-faceted evaluation of intelligence that goes beyond single-score metrics and incorporates various verbal and nonverbal skills. This approach aligns with Wechsler's belief that intelligence encompasses the ability to act purposefully, think rationally, and effectively engage with one's environment.

Write a short statement identifying 5 social statuses that you currently occupy and describe the social roles associated with each status.

Answers

1.Friend status.

I have a friend and I am their friend, so that puts me in a friend status.

2. Student Status.

I am currently im school, and I have teachers.

I am a student, so that puts me in the student status.

3. Child status.

I am a child.

so that puts me in a child status.

Which of the following was one of the results of the Spanish-American War?

Answers

Answer:

Treaty of Paris was one result of the Spanish American war.. In it Spain renowned style claim to Cuba Siri Guam and Puerto Rico to be married states and transferred over to the Philippines to the United States for 20 million dollars

Answer:

The U.S. established itself as a global power.

Explanation:

Liz achieved a score of 100 on the current version of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. What does her score mean?
She answered 100 questions correctly.
She completed 100 questions, whether correctly or incorrectly.
She has 100 units of intelligence.
She achieved an average IQ score compared to other people.

Answers

Answer

Liz's score means that she achieved an average IQ score compared to other people.

Explanation:

The maximum score that the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale test is conducted for is 160. Most individuals who appear for Ph.D. are able to score between 120 and 129. An intelligence score of more than 130 is considered as superior. Hence, an intelligence score of 100 which is scored by Liz can be considered as average in comparison to others.

Compare and contrast the ways that television both shaped and reflected American life in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1980s.

Answers

The following is a comparison of the ways that television both shaped and reflected American life in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1980s: The 1950s: The television shows in the 1950s were simple and did not run all day long. Most people still relied on transistor radios and the shows on there for entertainment. Towards the end of the decade, television became more popular and people started to register their demand for more and more good content.  

The 1960s: Americans by now had started experiencing the celebrity culture that had started taking roots. The television industry had grown substantially and had become a part of the routine of the upper class and the upper-middle class.

The 1980s: The television had reached almost all the upper and middle-class households and had started being treated like a companion at home. The quality of the shows had improved and they actually had started influencing people's thoughts and emotions.

Final answer:

Television's rise in the 1950s changed entertainment and social norms; in the 1960s, it influenced politics and covered major societal shifts; by the 1980s, cable and satellite TV added diversity and transformed advertising, reflecting the era's varied consumer interests.

Explanation:

Television had a profound impact on American life in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1980s, reflecting and shaping societal norms, values, and politics. In the 1950s, television became the center of American entertainment, rapidly growing to be in 90% of American homes by 1960, and dominating the mass media space, influencing social norms and daily life. The 1960s saw television become integral in politics, with audiences tuning into nightly news programs to follow significant events like the civil rights movement, the sexual revolution, and the Vietnam War, marking the start of what is known as 'the age of television' in American politics. By the 1980s, the monopoly of the three major networks was challenged by cable and satellite TV, which specialized in content for specific audiences and transformed the advertising landscape, reflecting a more segmented and diverse American society.

Determine which could be a sample chosen from a population,
three fish on your plate for dinner, and all three are grilled
two children playing in a sandbox at the local park
wwelve students who play the French horn in the brass section of an orchestra
one hundred pennies scattered on the floor and then picked up by two teenagers

Answers

Answer:

C!! twelve students who play the French horn in the brass section of an orchestra

Explanation:

I just did it and got it right. trust.

Final answer:

Each scenario provided can represent a sample from a population, depending on the context or goal of the study. These include three grilled fish, two children playing in a sandbox, twelve students in an orchestra's brass section, and one hundred pennies.

Explanation:

All of these scenarios can be examples of a sample chosen from a population in statistical terms. In each case, the sample is a small part taken from a larger group, or population. However, the ideal choice would depend on the context or objective of the study.

In the case of the three fish on your plate, they could represent a sample from the population of all fish grilled for dinner. Alternatively, the two children playing in a sandbox could illustrate a sample from the population of all children playing in parks. Furthermore, the twelve students playing the French horn in the brass section of the orchestra could signify a sample from the population of all students in the brass section or all French horn players. Lastly, the one hundred pennies scattered on the floor might represent a sample from the population of all pennies in circulation.

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Which Founding Father was credited for insisting that the United States employ a regular national army rather than only state militias?

Answers

Answer:i believe it is john Adams

Explanation:

Alexander Hamilton is the Founding Father credited with insisting on the necessity of a regular national army for the United States, overcoming opposition and concerns from both within his party and from Republicans.

The Founding Father credited for insisting that the United States employ a regular national army rather than relying solely on state militias was Alexander Hamilton. Hamilton, aligning with the High Federalists, argued for the establishment of a standing army to help curb domestic rebellion, in contrast to other Federalists like John Adams who preferred investing in the navy. Despite Adams’s opposition, Hamilton’s influence led to Congress supporting an enlargement of the army, and he notably became the inspector general, making him the de facto commander of the U.S. Army. This decision was amidst concerns from Republicans who feared the use of the army to suppress opposition, especially since Hamilton appointed loyal Federalists to the officer corps.

after 700 BCE a sense of equality developed in Greece among who?

Answers

The phalanx/ foot soldiers

what is agriculture​

Answers

Answer:

Agriculture is a different word for farming. It is the science of farming with things like growing crops and using animals to provide food and clothing.

the science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other products.

Your friend claims to have invented a perpetual motion machine with an efficiency of 110 percent. You tell him his invention is impossible because it violates: a. Newton's first law of motion. b. Newton's second law of motion. c. Newton's third law of motion. d. the law of conservation of energy. e. the law of the universe

Answers

Answer:

Law of Conservation of Energy

Explanation:

110% efficiency perpetual motion machines are impossible because 110% efficiency would mean that energy is being created, and according to the law it can not be created nor destroyed

Final answer:

Your friend's claim of a perpetual motion machine with 110% efficiency violates the law of conservation of energy, as perpetual motion machines defy the first and second laws of thermodynamics by attempting to produce work without energy input or from a single heat source.

Explanation:

Your friend's claim that he has invented a perpetual motion machine with an efficiency of 110 percent is impossible and violates the law of conservation of energy. Perpetual motion machines are hypothetical machines that can do work indefinitely without an energy source, which goes against the first and second laws of thermodynamics. The first law, also known as the law of conservation of energy, states that energy cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system. The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of any isolated system always increases. Therefore, a perpetual motion machine of the first kind, which produces work without energy input, or a perpetual motion machine of the second kind, which converts heat from a single source into work, are both impossible.

Friction and other dissipative forces ensure that machines in the real world are subject to energy losses, making the idea of a continuous motion without additional energy inputs a violation of these fundamental thermodynamic principles. Even the most complex perpetual motion machines imagined that evade simple mechanical explanations will still be debunked by these conservation laws, which apply universally, even at the atomic level or near black holes where Newton's laws may not apply.

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