Answer:
The Mendelian principles of inheritance ARE APPLIED IN HUMANS. Both plants and animalls posseses two alleles (forms) of each gene, and are inherited in Mendelian ways. Some genetic diseases are Mendelian diseases and are inherited according to Mendel laws, those are the diseases caused BY A SINGLE GENE. However, there are multigenic diseases (that involves more than one gene), multifactorial diseases (which involves several genes and environmental factors), and chromosomic diseases (like 21 trisomy) and all of these does not follow the Mendel laws.
Explanation:
Corn lacks the essential amino acids isoleucine and lysine. Beans lack the essential amino acids tryptophan and methionine. Soy contains all the essential amino acids. Use this information to complete the following statement: Many traditional diets combine corn (e.g., tortillas) with beans to provide ________.a. all the essential fatsb. all the essential amino acidsc. all the essential fats and additional micronutrientsd. multivitaminse. additional micronutrients
Answer: Option B) all the essential amino acids
Many traditional diets combine corn (e.g., tortillas) with beans to provide all the essential amino acids
Explanation:
Corn with beans is regarded as rich diet because it provides the body with all the essential amino acids including isoleucine, lysine, tryptophan and methionine, just as found in Soy.
Thus, option B is the answer
Final answer:
Many traditional diets combine corn and beans to provide all the essential amino acids, compensating for the deficiencies each has individually. This illustrates the concept of complementary proteins, crucial for balanced nutrition in plant-based diets.
Explanation:
Many traditional diets combine corn (e.g., tortillas) with beans to provide all the essential amino acids. Corn lacks the essential amino acids isoleucine and lysine, while beans lack tryptophan and methionine. By combining these two plant sources, one can obtain a balanced intake of essential amino acids, similar to that provided by complete protein sources like soy. This combination exemplifies the concept of complementary proteins, where two or more plant sources together provide a full profile of essential amino acids. This practice is crucial particularly for vegetarians or those on restricted diets to ensure they receive a balanced nutrient intake. Traditional diets intuitively incorporate this knowledge, highlighting the importance of dietary diversity especially in plant-based nutrition.
The B vitamins act as parts of: a. anticoagulants b. coenzymes c. antibodies d. the bone matrix e. intrinsic factors
B vitamins primarily serve as coenzymes, assisting in various biochemical reactions within our body. They do not serve directly as anticoagulants, antibodies, elements of the bone matrix, or intrinsic factors.
Explanation:The B vitamins, which include vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9 and B12, primarily serve as coenzymes. This means that they act as helpers in various biochemical reactions inside our body, facilitating the process of converting food into energy. Hence, from the options provided, B vitamins act as parts of coenzymes. They don't directly serve as anticoagulants, antibodies, parts of the bone matrix, or intrinsic factors.
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B vitamins function as part of coenzymes, which are substances needed for many biochemical reactions, including energy metabolism and the synthesis of new cells. They are not part of anticoagulants, antibodies, the bone matrix, or intrinsic factors.
Explanation:The B vitamins serve as parts of coenzymes. Coenzymes are substances, including vitamins like B and folate, which are instrumental in various biochemical reactions in the body. Some, such as the B vitamins, play a large role in energy metabolism and the synthesis of new cells, including erythrocytes (red blood cells).
For example, the trace mineral zinc functions as a coenzyme that facilitates the synthesis of the heme portion of hemoglobin, which is needed to transport oxygen in the blood. Similarly, folate and vitamin B12 act as coenzymes for DNA synthesis, thus, they are vital for cell reproduction.
Vitamins are necessary parts of many biochemical reactions in our bodies. They are involved in many processes including mineral and bone metabolism, and cell and tissue growth. Therefore, B vitamins do not serve as anticoagulants, antibodies, bone matrix, or intrinsic factors but are part of the coenzymes which facilitate numerous essential biochemical reactions.
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You discover a new virus. It has a single stranded + sense RNA genome. It uses a special enzyme to convert the RNA genome into double stranded DNA. Transcription of mRNA is carried out from the DS DNA template. Which group in the Baltimore classification system would you place this virus into?
Answer:
Group VI viruses (retroviruses)
Explanation:
Baltimore classified the viruses in different groups on the basis of their mode of replication and the type of genetic material they possess.
In the given question, the species which contains an ssRNA molecule but use DNA as an intermediate molecule to replicate is known as a retrovirus.
The retrovirus uses a special enzyme called reverse transcriptase which synthesizes the DNA from an RNA template. The DNA formed gets integrated into the host genome and gets replicated.
Thus, Group VI viruses are the correct answer.
The doctrine that there are functionally two distinct ways in which our eyes work, the photopic, associated with the cones, and the scotopic, associated with the rods, is known as the ______ theory of vision.
Answer:
Duplex theory of vision
Explanation:
The duplex theory of vision suggests that the eyes work functionally in two different ways: the scotopic system which is formed of the rod cells and allows the vision in the low light conditions and the photopic system which is formed of the cone cells and allow us to see in the light conditions.
The duplex theory arose due to the different spectral absorption by different photoreceptors of the eye, the differences in the sensitivity to the light and different summation properties.
Thus, Duplex theory of vision is the correct answer.
If you cross an albino(g) female whose father was grey(G), with a grey male whose mother was albino(g), what are the possible genotypes are there among the offspring?
Answer:
2 possible genotypes, Gg and gg are among the offspring.
Explanation:
In monohybrid, making cross an albino female (g), whose father was gray (G), with a gray male, whose mother was albino
G g
g Gg gg
g Gg gg
Genotypes: ½ Gg and ½ gg
Phenotypes: ½ Gray and ½ albino
Both offspring will have a 50 percent chance of heterozygous and homozygous.
The possible genotypes of offspring from a cross between an albino female (gg) and a grey male (Gg) are Gg (grey) and gg (albino), with a phenotypic ratio of 1 grey:1 albino.
Possible Genotypes of Offspring from Crosses Involving Albinism
When determining the possible genotypes of offspring with one albino parent and one grey parent, we need to consider the pattern of inheritance for the albinism trait, which is typically recessive. Assuming that 'G' represents the dominant grey allele and 'g' represents the recessive albino allele, and knowing the parental genotypes, we can set up a Punnett square to predict the possible genotypes of the offspring.
The female albino (gg) must pass on a 'g' allele to all offspring. The grey male, whose mother was albino, must be heterozygous (Gg) as he exhibits the grey phenotype but carries the recessive albino allele. When we cross a gg female with a Gg male, the possible genotypes of their offspring are Gg (grey) and gg (albino). Thus, there is a 50% chance for an offspring to be grey and a 50% chance for an offspring to be albino. There is no chance for offspring to be GG as the grey female does not have a G allele to contribute.
The phenotypic ratio of the offspring from this cross would be 1 grey:1 albino, assuming no other genetic interactions affect the expression of the grey and albino phenotypes.
An organism has a haploid number of 6. How many possible assortments of chromosomes are possible based on the independent assortement of the chromosomes?
Answer:
64
Explanation:
Assortment of chromosomes according to Mendel, is when alleles on the chromosomes get separated into gametes independenly of one another. Independent assortment reshuffles or rearranges the chromosomal pair in the resulting gametes. 2^n is a mathematical expression that can be used to determine the number of possible chromosome combinations, which n is the number of chromosomes that can be present in one gamete.
In this case, the organism has an haploid number of 6, meaning that 6 chromosomes can be present in the gamete. Hence, 2^6 will give rise to 64 possible combinations of chromosomes in each gamete.
The independent assortment of chromosomes in an organism with a haploid number of 6 allows for 8 possible assortments of chromosomes.
Explanation:In biology, the independent assortment of chromosomes refers to the random alignment of homologous pairs of chromosomes during meiosis. In this case, an organism with a haploid number of 6 would have 3 pairs of chromosomes. Each pair can align independently of the others during meiosis, resulting in different possible assortments.
The number of possible assortments can be calculated using the formula 2^n, where n is the number of chromosome pairs. So in this case, there would be 2^3 = 8 possible assortments of chromosomes.
For example, if the chromosome pairs are labeled A/a, B/b, and C/c, the possible assortments could be AABBCC, AABBcc, AaBBCC, AaBBcc, AABBCC, AABBcc, AabbCC, and Aabbcc.
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On a hike through the forest, you notice a population of 100 flowering plants that all look identical (phenotypic clones), and they span an area of approximately 100 square meters. You take some representatives from one corner of their distribution back to the lab, sequence their DNA, and conclude that they are also genetic clones (i.e. genetically identical). Based on this information, state whether the statements below are true or false.
Also, provide an explanation.
1a. True or False: This population can evolve by natural selection.
1b. True or False: This population can evolve by genetic drift.
Answer:
1a. False
1b. False
Explanation:
They are genetic clones which make them identical so there is no difference in phenotype which is the key mechanism for evolution to occur through natural selection.
- since they are of one phenotype(genetically identical) genetic drift can not occur. For genetic drift to occur, there must be a change in the frequency of one allele within a population over a period of time and this genetic variation must occur randomly for a genetic drift to occur.
An anthropologist has just arrived at a new field site and feels overwhelmed with a creepy, profound feeling of alienation, of being without some of the most ordinary, trivial (and therefore basic) cues of his culture of origin. What term best describes what he is experiencing? culture shock diachrony synchrony configurationalism agency paralysis
Answer:
The correct answer is - culture shock.
Explanation:
Culture shock is an experience a person or anthropologist may have when one transfer to a cultural environment that is distinct or vary from their own culture.
The anthropologist in this question is experiencing alienation feeling, trivial when he move to new field site, he is experiencing cultural shock. It is also cause disorientation a person.
Thus, the correct answer is - culture shock.
Gjabolla has been suffering from a terrible fear of lightning for some time now. Whenever there are storms in the weather forecast, she gets very upset and plans on spending the duration of that time in her basement. She has even called in sick to work to avoid going out during a bad thunderstorm. How long would these symptoms have to persist before a diagnosis of a specific phobia could be made?
Answer:
6 months
Explanation:
A phobia can be described as a condition in which a person faces severe anxiety for a certain event or object that he observes. The person might behave irrationally when he/she observes the fearful event or object. Although a person completely understands that he is behaving irrationally after encountering the problematic situation, however he cannot control himself at the time when he experiences the situation. Psychologists diagnose phobia when a person continuously fears a situation for more a period of six or more months.
The Hawaiian state bird, the Nene, has an uncertain evolutionary history. It is thought that it has evolved from some other type of goose that was blown to the islands during a typhoon. Genomics would be most appropriate for addressing which research question regarding the Nene?
Answer:
It will address the research question of what type of goose (species) does the Nene evolved from.
Explanation:
Genomics uses the whole set of an organisms DNA to study and understand its' function, structure, and evolution. Scientists will use the Nene's genome set to study its evolution,basically telling a story where it comes from.
Five-year-old Lilah is beginning to show signs of being able to plan ahead in a somewhat rational manner. At her age, this development is likely due to neural networks sprouting in her _____ lobe.
Answer:
ear
Explanation:
Final answer:
Lilah's ability to plan ahead is associated with the development of neural networks in her frontal lobe, which rapidly grows and develops during early childhood and is responsible for advanced cognitive functions.
Explanation:
Five-year-old Lilah is beginning to show signs of being able to plan ahead in a somewhat rational manner. At her age, this development is likely due to neural networks sprouting in her frontal lobe. The size of the brain increases rapidly during early childhood, and by age six, it reaches approximately 90% of its adult size. During the ages of 3 to 6, the frontal lobes, in particular, grow rapidly and are responsible for planning, reasoning, memory, and impulse control. These lobes are still developing throughout adolescence, and their growth is closely connected with cognitive advancements following Piaget's sequence of cognitive development. The process is aided by the development of myelin, which serves to insulate nerve cells and speed up impulse transmission, thus enhancing neural pathways and cognitive functions such as planning and coordination.
In fat synthesis,________and fatty acids combine to make fats plus________. a. glycerol; water b. esters; phosphate c. phosphate; glycerol d. glucose; phosphate e. esters; water
In fat synthesis, glycerol and fatty acids combine to make fats plus water. Thus, the correct answer is A.
What are fatty acids?Fatty acid may be defined as an organic compound that generally consists of a straight chain of carbon atoms, with hydrogen atoms along the length of the chain and at one end of the chain and a carboxyl group at the other end.
The synthesis of fatty acid is the formation of fatty compounds from acetyl- CoA and NADPH with the action of an enzyme known as fatty acid synthases. This process of fatty acid synthesis significantly takes place in the cytoplasm as well as the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell.
Triglycerol is formed with the help of adjoining three fatty acids to a glycerol backbone. This process involves the dehydration reaction. This is because three molecules of water are released in the process of fatty acid synthesis.
Therefore, in fat synthesis, glycerol and fatty acids combine to make fats plus water. Thus, the correct answer is A.
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Final answer:
In fat synthesis, glycerol and fatty acids combine to form fats and release water as a byproduct. The correct answer is 'a. glycerol; water'.
Explanation:
In fat synthesis, glycerol and fatty acids are the precursors required to form fats. The process involves the formation of ester bonds between glycerol and fatty acids. Each fatty acid is esterified to a hydroxyl group on the glycerol molecule through a dehydration synthesis reaction. This reaction liberates a molecule of water for each ester bond formed.
Therefore, the correct answer to the question is 'a. glycerol; water'. When glycerol and fatty acids combine, they form fats (triglycerides) and release water molecules as byproducts of the esterification process.
A human red blood cell has on average a diameter of 7.6 microns (1 micron = 1 µm). What is this in nanometers?
Answer;7600 nanometers
The division of the nervous system that allows the brain and the spinal cord to communicate with the sensory systems of the eyes, ears, skin, and mouth, and allows the brain and spinal cord to control the muscles and glands of the body is called the ________.
Answer:
peripheral nervous system
Explanation:
The peripheral nervous system includes all nervous tissue except form the central nervous system. The afferent division of this nervous system delivers the sensory information from the sensory receptors to the central nervous system. In this way, the information from the somatic and special sensory organs such as the nose, tongue, eyes, and ears is delivered to the central nervous system.
The motor division of the peripheral nervous system includes somatic and autonomic divisions. The somatic division is the motor division that conveys output from the CNS to skeletal muscles while the autonomic division sends the information from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.
The division of the nervous system responsible for facilitating communication between the brain, spinal cord, sensory systems (eyes, ears, skin, mouth), muscles, and glands is known as the "Peripheral Nervous System" (PNS).
The division of the nervous system that allows the brain and the spinal cord to communicate with the sensory systems of the eyes, ears, skin, and mouth, while also enabling them to control the muscles and glands of the body, is called the "Peripheral Nervous System" (PNS).
The PNS serves as a bridge between the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the external environment. It consists of two main components:
1. Sensory (Afferent) Division: This component collects sensory information from various receptors throughout the body, including those in the eyes (vision), ears (hearing and balance), skin (touch, temperature, and pain), and mouth (taste and pressure). This sensory information is then transmitted to the CNS for processing and interpretation.
2. Motor (Efferent) Division: The motor division of the PNS carries commands and signals from the CNS to the muscles and glands, enabling voluntary muscle movements (somatic nervous system) and regulating involuntary functions like heart rate, digestion, and glandular secretions (autonomic nervous system).
The PNS plays a crucial role in sensory perception, motor control, and maintaining homeostasis by relaying information between the central nervous system and the body's external and internal environments.
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Sumer has come up with a great analogy for a presentation she is giving in her psychology class. The membrane encasing a neuron only allows some ions to pass in and out of its channels. And she is going to describe this _____ membrane as a guard only allowing some patrons to enter and leave a controlled area.
Answer:
Cell membrane
Explanation:
Sumer has come up with a great analogy for a presentation she is giving in her psychology class. The membrane encasing a neuron only allows some ions to pass in and out of its channels. And she is going to describe this cell membrane as a guard only allowing some patrons to enter and leave a controlled area.
Answer:
Cell surface membrane.(Axolemma)
Explanation:
These membranes encasing the neuron is perforated by ion channels, which allow diffusion of ions with their charges across it down their electrochemical gradients. These ion channels are specific to a particular ion, while restricting others. E,g sodium-potassium pump , are special ion channels in axon cell membrane with specif channels for sodium ions, and will not allow the passage of potassium through the same channels and vice-versa.
There are two types on these ion channels based on what controls their openings.
The voltage gated ion channels which are controlled by the electrical potential or voltage generated across the axon.And the ion channels control by the electrochemical gradients of the ions moving across the membrane.
The reversal of the charges of these ions across it (axonlemma) create membrane potential down the length of the membrane. This set up a voltage change inside the Axoplasm(cytoplasm of the axon). If this voltage is up to the threshold it creates depolarization of the ( ion channels)with influx of sodium ions, while the potassium ions channels are shut up.
Furthermore, if the stimulation of the neuron is intense, and the membrane potential increases up to the threshold level the electrical potential energy generated cause the (voltage gated channels to open) . The potential generated is called Action potential.
Summary
The specificity of these channels to certain ions while restricting others is a good illustration for Sumer to describe how a guard can control the movement of patrons in a controlled area.
Jack and Jill have been studying a population of lizards on a hillside for over three decades. Throughout this time, they have noticed that some of the lizards have begun to eat vegetation, but the majority of the population continues to eat insects. Based on what you know about natural selection, what do you predict will happen?
Answer:
These few lizards who eat vegetation will be able to survive and reproduce better than those who eat insects. Since for the most part don't have to compete for resources with other lizards they have a better chance for survival than those who eat insects.
The lizards observed by Jack and Jill, some of which have begun to eat vegetation, might be undergoing an evolutionary adaptation due to natural selection. If the vegetation-eating trait offers a survival and reproductive advantage, we can expect an increase in the proportion of vegetation-eating lizards over generations, assuming environmentally favorable conditions for this trait.
Based on what we know about natural selection, the adjustments observed in the lizard population on a hillside where some have begun to eat vegetation while most continue to eat insects suggest the beginning of an evolutionary adaptation process. Natural selection operates on the principle that individuals with traits better suited for their environment are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass these advantageous traits to their offspring. Over time, this can lead to significant changes within a population, ultimately resulting in the evolution of the species to better adapt to its environment.
In the case of Jack and Jill's lizards, if the vegetation-eating behavior proves to be an advantageous trait (for instance, if insect populations decline or competition for insects increases), we can predict that the number of vegetation-eating lizards will progressively increase over future generations. This increase would occur because these lizards would have a survival and reproductive advantage over those that rely solely on insects for food. Conversely, should the environment not favor this trait, the impact on the population may be minimal.
It's essential to consider additional factors such as mutation, migration, and the role of genetic variation in this process. Natural selection does not act in isolation but in concert with these factors to shape the evolutionary path of a species.
26. When Peter touches a warm radiator, hest is transferred to his body by
A, convection,
B. radiation,
C. Insulation,
D. conduction.
Answer: The answer is D) Conduction.
Explanation:
Nelson has been blind since birth. However, an fMRI of his brain shows intense activity in his visual cortex when he is reading Braille. How can this activity be explained?
Explanation:
" I Don't know about it , ,. , , , , x x , ,b, , , , ,
A researcher designs an experiment to investigate the effect of environmental temperature on the function of an enzyme. For each trial included in the experiment, the researcher will add the enzyme and its substrate to an aqueous buffer solution and then measure the amount of product formed over 20 minutes. Which of the following must remain the same for all trials of this experiment?A. The initial concentration of the substrate B. The final concentration of the product C. The three-dimensional structure of the enzyme D. The temperature of the aqueous buffer solution
Explanation:
The initial concentration of the substrate(Keeping the initial substrate concentration steady permits the specialist to think about the response rates under various natural conditions. The response rates will furnish the scientist with data about the protein's capacity in various situations). A substrate is a substance that is used to make a final product. It is changed and reformed during the process. Sometimes chemical groups are added or taken away. In the cell, enzymes bind and change substrates into their final product. When the enzyme is bound to the substrate, it is known as an enzyme-substrate complex. Substrate concentration is the amount of substrate present that can be turned into a product. The unit of measurement usually assigned to eggs is dozen. Substrate concentration can be measured in various ways. Since the substrates inside the cell are suspended in cellular fluid, the substrate concentration is most commonly measured in molar concentration, or molarity (M), which is moles per liter.Hence,the correct answer is option A "the initial concentration of the substrate.The diagram below shows a strand of DNA matched to a strand of messenger RNA.
What process does this diagram represent?
Select one:
a. mutation
b. transcription
c. respiration
d. translation
b. Transcription process does this diagram represent.
What is a DNA strand comprised of?DNA is made up of basic building components known as nucleotides. These building blocks are composed of three components: a phosphate group, a sugar group, and one of four kinds of nitrogen bases. Nucleotides are joined into chains and their phosphate and sugar groups alternate to produce a DNA strand.
DNA is made up of two connected strands that loop around each other to form a twisted ladder — a configuration known as a double helix. Each strand contains a backbone composed of alternating sugars (deoxyribose) and purines. Each sugar has one of four bases attached to it: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), or thymine (T).
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A middle-aged client with a 30-year history of smoking was diagnosed with lung cancer. A health history revealed previous exposure to air pollution, asbestos, and radiation. Which of the following most likely had the greatest impact on development of the lung cancer?
Radiation
Cigarette smoke
Asbestos
Air pollution
Answer:
The correct answer is- cigarette smoke
Explanation:
Cigarette contains tobacco and tobacco contains 7000 chemical out of which 250 are harmful and 69 are cancer-causing. People who smoke cigarettes are at 15-30 times higher risk of getting lung cancer than a person who does not smoke a cigarette.
So as a middle-aged client has a 30-year history of smoking therefore smoking is most likely had the greatest impact on the development of lung cancer. Therefore the correct answer is cigarette smoke.
Answer: Cigarette smoking
Explanation:
The cigarette smoking is most likely the `reason for the person to suffer from lung cancer.
The smoke of the cigarette is very harmful as it can damage the lungs. The cigarette consists of tobacco which contains many carcinogenic agents in it.
Being exposed to radiation, asbestos and pollution is less harmful as compared to the smoke of the cigarettes.
The client who has a history and is susceptible to the lung cancer should keep a distance from cigarette smoking.
In exploring for coal deposits, geologists sometimes look for fossil indicators: fossilized remains of Carboniferous plants. Which of the following combinations in a sample would suggest the presence of rocks that might bear coal beds?
1. mosses and liverworts, but no vascular plants
2. angiosperms and mosses
3. lycophytes and gymnosperms
4. lycophytes and tree ferns
Answer:
During the carboniferous there is a proliferation of plants such as lycopodia and ferns. Theirs remains have generated large carbon deposits worldwide. These experimental plants reach their maximum richness and diversity during the Carboniferous (300-350 million years).
A 78 year old grandmother presents for eval of weakness in her face. She has a longstanding history of HTN that has been under fair control. On physical exam you note that she has ptosis and miosis of the left eye and left facial anhidrosis. What is your most likely diagnosis?
A) Horner's syndrome
B) Anisocoria
C) Acute angle-closure glaucoma
D) Myasthenia gravis
Answer:
A) Horner's syndrome
Explanation:
Horner's syndrome:
Horner syndrome occurs due to damage of nerve pathway from brain to eye and face.
In this condition particularly damage one side of the face and eye of the patient.
Symptoms:
Its symptoms include:
Miosis (pupil will become small)ptosis (upper eyelid will drooping)anisocoria (pupil size will be physically different between two eyes)anhidrosis (there will be no sweating or little in rare cases)So, The above mentioned condition proves the presence of Horner's syndrome.
The LPN/LVN cares for a client newly diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia. The client tells the LPN/LVN, "There are really strange people in the corner of my room laughing at me and saying horrible things." Which of the following responses by the LPN/LVN is MOST appropriate?
1. "I don't see anything, and you really have nothing to be ashamed of."
2. "I don't hear the voices, but this seems to be frightening you."
3. "What are they saying to you?"
4. "Sometimes when people are upset, their imagination plays tricks on them."
Answer:
4. "Sometimes when people are upset, their imagination plays tricks on them."
Nima excels at working with numbers in subjects such as calculus and algebra. This exemplifies ________ intelligence.
a) bodily kinesthetic
b) interpersonal
c) logical-mathematical
d) spatial
Answer:
c) logical-mathematical
Explanation:
There are many kind of intelligence, people with logical-mathematical intelligence is attracted to hard facts and numerical data (calculus and algebra), they can make subjective analysis and investigation using the scientific method.
I hope you find this information useful and interesting! Good luck!
Nima excels at working with numbers in subjects such as calculus and algebra. This exemplifies logical-mathematical intelligence.
Logical Mathematical Intelligence is the ability to solve problems logically and identify solutions easily. This also involves the ability of being able to work with numbers easily.
Logical-mathematical intelligence also involves the recognition of patterns easily.
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Agents that paralyze skeletal muscle by simple competitive inhibition of acetylcholine at muscle receptor sites are called?
Agents that paralyze skeletal muscle by simple competitive inhibition of acetylcholine at muscle receptor sites are called?
a. nondepolarizing
b. depolarizing
c. antagonizing
d. repolarizing
Answer:
a. nondepolarizing
Explanation:
As the nerve impulse arrives, the synaptic end bulbs of the motor neurons release acetylcholine in the synapse. Acetylcholine binds to its receptors present at the motor endplate. This results in the opening of an ion channel in the ACh receptor to allow the movement of the Na+ into the cell. This makes the inside of the muscle fiber more positively charged, that is, depolarized.
Depolarization triggers a muscle action potential. Drugs or chemicals that paralyze skeletal muscle by competitive inhibition of acetylcholine at muscle receptor sites are called non-depolarizing as they do not allow the acetylcholine to facilitate the depolarization of the muscle fiber.
What hypothesis did the researchers test in this study?
A. Reproductive isolation increases with geographic distance between dusky salamander populations.
B. Dusky salamanders are in the process of speciation.
C. Dusky salamanders are undergoing sympatric speciation.
Answer:
A. Reproductive isolation increases with geographic distance between dusky salamander populations.
Explanation:
The researchers tested the reproductive isolation of pairs of salamander population by leaving one male and one female together and later check the females for the presence of sperm. They think that when populations become geographically isolated, preventing mating between individuals in different populations and thus stopping gene flow. They studied different populations on different mountains.
The researchers tested the hypothesis that reproductive isolation increases with geographic distance between dusky salamander populations, suggesting a pattern of allopatric speciation.
Explanation:In this study, the researchers appeared to test the hypothesis that Reproductive isolation increases with geographic distance between dusky salamander populations. In terms of evolution and speciation, this would suggest a possible pattern of allopatric speciation. Allopatric speciation occurs when populations of the same species become isolated due to geographic barriers. Over time, these barriers lead to genetic divergence and eventually, to the formation of new species. It is important to note that hypothesises B and C, which suggest in-process speciation or sympatric speciation, may not be mutually exclusive with hypothesis A, but rather could be seen as sub-sections of the overall process of speciation.
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Assume that an Aa animal produces four sperm from the same meiosis. A geneticist examines each of the four products of this meiosis and finds that one of them carries the a allele, one carries the A allele, one carries both the A and a alleles and one has neither allele. This result is not consistent with which genetic concept?
Answer:
The correct answer is - principle of segregation.
Explanation:
The principle of segregation explains that the in what manner pair of gene type or alleles are separated into sex or reproductive cells. These variants are known as the gene alleles. These are first studied by the Mendel as the traits in 1865. In this case the results are not consistent with this principle of segregation concept.
Thus, the correct answer is - principle of segregation.
A/An ________ is a location column that receives information about all possible orientations within a given area of the retina.
Answer:
hypercolumn
Explanation:
The hypercoloumn consists of a group of neurons in the cortex of the brain that receives information of an object from the left and the right eye and interprets the orientation of such objects. The hypercolumn which are located across the surface of the primary visual cortex allows us to see objects or pictures as one as presented in a given area of the retina. The hypercolumn can also be referred to as cortical column.
Based upon the changes in permeability seen in the trace below and your knowledge of ion distributions across a cell, predict how ion movements would change during an action potential. Drag and drop each phrase into the appropriate box on the action potential trace.
1. Sodium ions move into the system.
2. Sodium ions stop moving into the system.
3. Potassium ions move out of the system.
4. Potassium ions move into system.
Explanation:The picture given is a picture of the neuron polarization and depolarization.
In the 1st phase of the graph, the graph seems to peak up to high values of electric potential differences which is because as the impulse is received by the system the sodium channels of the axon open. This leads to free flow of sodium inside the axon. This depolarises the axon membrane.
As the peak potential of 30mV is met, the sodium channels close. And the potassium channels open up. This leads to the exit of potassium channels out of the axon and the potential drops. This phase is called repolarisation.
The potassium channels are slow channels and they don't close even when the base potential is met. So hyper polarization occur. And finally the potassium channels close and the sodium potassium ATPase starts working bringing potassium inside the axon and sodium outside the axon.