Answer:
A day measured with respect to the sun differ from a day measured with respect to star by 4 minutes. This is because, it takes 4 minutes for the Earth to rotate the extra amount required for the Sun to return to the same place in the sky.
Explanation:
A day measured with respect to the sun differ from a day measured with respect to star by 4 minutes. This is because, it takes 4 minutes for the Earth to rotate the extra amount required for the Sun to return to the same place in the sky.
Each day that goes by, the Earth needs to turn a little further for the sun to return to the same place in the sky. And that extra time is about 4 minutes or 240 seconds.
Final answer:
A solar day is longer than a sidereal day by about 4 minutes, due to Earth's orbit around the Sun requiring additional rotation to align the Sun to the same position in the sky. The sidereal day, on the other hand, represents the true rotation period of Earth as it measures the time it takes for a distant star to reappear in the same position in the sky.
Explanation:
A day measured with respect to the Sun differs from a day measured with respect to the stars primarily in its length due to Earth's simultaneous rotation on its axis and revolution around the Sun. The solar day is the period during which Earth rotates on its axis so that the Sun appears at the same position in the sky on consecutive days. It is about 4 minutes longer than a sidereal day, which is the time it takes for a distant star to return to the same position in the sky.
This difference occurs because as Earth rotates, it also moves along its orbital path around the Sun, so it has to rotate a little more for the Sun to be in the same position overhead. The sidereal day is actually the true rotation period of Earth, being 235.9 seconds shorter than 24 hours, while the solar day includes an additional 4 minutes to account for Earth's movement in orbit.
A light beam in glass (n = 1.5) reaches an air-glass interface, at an angle of 60 degrees from the surface. What is the angle of the refracted light beam from the normal in air?Note: sin(30) = 0.5, sin(45) = 0.71, sin(60) = 0.87 (all angles are in degrees)
Answer:
θ₂ = 35.26°
Explanation:
given,
refractive index of air, n₁ = 1
refractive index of glass, n₂ = 1.5
angle of incidence, θ₁ = 60°
angle of refracted light, θ₂ = ?
using Snell's Law
n₁ sin θ₁ = n₂ sin θ₂
1 x sin 60° = 1.5 sin θ₂
sin θ₂ = 0.577
θ₂ = sin⁻¹(0.577)
θ₂ = 35.26°
Hence, the refracted light is equal to θ₂ = 35.26°
When a light beam passes from one medium to another, its angle of incidence and angle of refraction are related by Snell's law. The angle of the refracted light beam from the normal in air is 90 degrees.
Explanation:When a light beam passes from one medium to another, its angle of incidence and angle of refraction are related by Snell's law. The formula for Snell's law is:
n1×sin(θ1) = n2×sin(θ2)
In this case, the light beam is passing from glass (with a refractive index of 1.5) to air. Given that the angle of incidence is 60 degrees, we can use Snell's law to find the angle of refraction from the normal in air.
Using Snell's law, we have:
1.5×sin(60) = 1×sin(θ2)
Simplifying the equation, we find:
sin(θ2) = 1.5×sin(60) = 1.5×0.87 = 1.31
However, the maximum value for the sine function is 1, so the angle of refraction cannot exceed 90 degrees (the maximum angle for a light beam in air). Therefore, the angle of the refracted light beam from the normal in air is 90 degrees.
Learn more about Refraction of light here:https://brainly.com/question/33259206
#SPJ3
Imagine holding a basketball in both hands, throwing it straight up as high as you can, and then catching it when it falls. At which points in time does a zero net force act on the ball? Ignore air resistance.
(A) When you hold the ball still in your hands after catching it
(B) Just after the ball first leaves your hands.
(C) At the instant the ball reaches its highest point.
(D) At the instant the falling ball hits your hands.
(E) When you hold the ball still in your hands before it is thrown.
Answer:
(A) When you hold the ball still in your hands after catching it
(E) When you hold the ball still in your hands before it is thrown.
Explanation:
According to Newton's 1st law, objects subjected to 0 net force would maintain a constant velocity or staying at rest. This is not the case for the ball when it leaves your hands. This ball would always be subjected to gravitational acceleration g so its velocity changes. So only (A) and (E) are correct when the ball stays still in your hands.
Final answer:
A zero net force acts on the basketball when it is held still after catching it (A) and before throwing it (E) because these are the points where there is no acceleration due to balanced forces. Points B, C, and D have non-zero net forces because the ball is accelerating due to the force of gravity.
Explanation:
When considering a basketball being thrown straight up and ignoring air resistance, a zero net force acts on the basketball:
(A) When holding the ball still after catching it because there is no acceleration and gravity is balanced by the upward force from your hands.
(E) When holding the ball still before throwing it for the same reason as in (A).
The points at which the net force is not zero are:
(B) Just after the ball leaves the hand as the only force acting on the ball is gravity, resulting in acceleration and therefore a net force downwards.
(C) At the highest point because gravity is still acting downwards, although the ball is temporarily at rest.
(D) As the ball hits the hands because the hands apply an upward force to decelerate the ball, which is different from the force of gravity, hence not zero net force.
Overall, the net force on an object is related to its acceleration due to Newton's second law of motion, and since acceleration occurs whenever the ball is in motion and not at rest, there is a net force acting on the ball during these periods.
The same couple moment of 160 lb⋅ftlb⋅ft is required to open the hatch door, independent of where the couple's forces are applied. If the forces are applied at points C and D, what force magnitude FFF is required to open the hatch door?
Answer:
F = 88.88[lb-f]
Explanation:
To solve this problem, we must first look at the attached image.
Another important data that is needed to solve the problem is the distance from the Centre O to points C and D. The distance is 0.9 [ft].
Then we do a sum of moments around Point O and it equals zero.
[tex]SM_{O} =0\\F*0.9+F*0.9-160=0\\2*F*0.9=160\\F=88.88[lb-f][/tex]
Therefrore the couple of forces needed are 88.88[lb-f]
A single water molecule were oriented such that its dipole moment (magnitude 6.186 × 10 − 30 Cm is along a z axis. How much torque does an 8500 N/C electric field exert on the dipole if the field lies in x z -plane, 42 ∘ above the x -axis?
Answer:
Torque=6.261×10^-43Nm
Explanation:
Torque is given by÷
Torque=dqEsin(phi)
Where E is a constant=1.6022×10^-19
d= distance = 6.186×10^-30cm
Changing to metres=6.186×10^-28m
q= the charge=8500NC
Phi =42°
Torque= (6.186×10^-28)×8500×(1.6022×10^-19)sin42°
Torque= 8.425×10^-43 × 0.7431
Torque= 6.261 ×10^-43
The torque exerted by an 8500 N/C electric field exerts on the dipole is 6.261 ×10⁻⁴³ Nm.
What is torque?The force which causes the object to rotate about any axis is called perpendicular distance.
Torque is a twisting or turning force that frequently results in rotation around an axis, which may be a fixed point or the center of mass. The ability of something rotating, such as a gear or a shaft, to overcome turning resistance is another way to think of torque.
Given:
A single water molecule was oriented such that its dipole moment of magnitude 6.186 × 10 − 30 Cm is along a z-axis,
The electric field = 8500 N/C,
∅ = 42°
Calculate the torque as shown below,
Torque = d × q × E × sin(∅)
Where E is a constant = 1.6022×10⁻¹⁹
distance = 6.186×10⁻³⁰ cm = 6.186×10⁻²⁸ m
Torque = 6.186×10⁻²⁸ × 8500 × (1.6022 × 10⁻¹⁹) sin42°
Torque = 8.425×10⁻⁴³ × 0.7431
Torque = 6.261 ×10⁻⁴³
Thus, the torque is 6.261 ×10⁻⁴³ Nm.
To know more about torque:
https://brainly.com/question/28220969
#SPJ5
A car is initially traveling west at 25 mph, and makes a turn north. As the car finishes the turn, its velocity is 20 mph north. It takes 3.5 seconds to complete the turn. What is the average acceleration of the car while it is turning, in mph/s?a. 0 -7.11+5.7.b. 7.1-5.73.c. 571-7.13.d. -5.7i+71.
Answer:
a. -7.11+5.7
Explanation:
Given:
initial velocity of the car while travelling west, [tex]v_w=25\hat i\ mph[/tex]velocity of the car after turning towards north, [tex]v_n=20\hat j\ mph[/tex]time taken to turn, [tex]t=3.5\ s[/tex]Now the acceleration:
[tex]a=\frac{v_w}{t} +\frac{v_n}{t}[/tex]
[tex]a=\frac{-25\hat i}{3.5} +\frac{20\hat j}{3.5}[/tex]
[tex]a=\frac{-50}{7} \hat i+\frac{40}{7} \hat j[/tex]
[tex]a=-7.1428\hat i+5.7142\hat j[/tex]
[tex]a=\sqrt{(\frac{50}{7} )^2+(\frac{40}{7} )^2}[/tex]
[tex]a=9.1473\ m.s^{-2}[/tex]
A 1.75 µF capacitor and a 6.00 µF capacitor are connected in series across a 3.00 V battery. How much charge (in µC) is stored on each capacitor?
Answer:
Explanation:
Given
First capacitor magnitude [tex]C=1.75\ \mu F[/tex]
Second capacitor magnitude [tex]C=6.00\ \mu F[/tex]
Voltage of battery [tex]V=3.00\ V[/tex]
Both capacitor are connected in series so net capacitor is given by
[tex]\frac{1}{C_{net}}=\frac{1}{C_{1}}+\frac{1}{C_{2}}[/tex]
[tex]\frac{1}{C_{net}}=\frac{1}{1.75}+\frac{1}{6}[/tex]
[tex]C_{net}=\frac{6\times 1.75}{1.75+6}[/tex]
[tex]C_{net}=1.35\ \mu F[/tex]
So charge Across each capacitor is given by
[tex]Q=C_{net}\times V[/tex]
[tex]Q=1.35\times 10^{-6}\times 3[/tex]
[tex]Q=4.064\ \mu C[/tex]
What mass of a material with density rho is required to make a hollow spherical shell having inner radius r1 and outer radius r2? (Use any variable or symbol stated above as necessary.)
Answer:
[tex]\frac{4}{3}\rho\pi(r_2^3 - r_1^3)[/tex]
Explanation:
The volume of the shell is the difference between the volume of the outer sphere and the volume of the inner sphere
[tex]V = V_o - V_i = \frac{4}{3}\pi r_2^3 - \frac{4}{3}\pi r_1^3[/tex]
[tex]V = \frac{4}{3}\pi(r_2^3 - r_1^3)[/tex]
The mass of the shell is the product of the volume and its density
[tex]m = V\rho = \frac{4}{3}\rho\pi(r_2^3 - r_1^3)[/tex]
Water on Earth was (a) transported here by comets; (b) accreted from the solar nebula; (c) produced by volcanoes in the form of steam; (d) created by chemical reactions involving hydrogen and oxygen shortly after Earth formed.
Answer: Water on Earth was transported here by comets. The correct option is A.
Explanation:
Comets are made up of water with ice, rock and minerals.
Alot of research and hypotheses has been made to prove the origin of water on planet earth. Extraplanetary source such as comets, trans-Neptunian objects, and water-rich meteoroids (protoplanets) are believed to have delivered water to Earth.
Final answer:
Water on Earth primarily originated from the (b) solar nebula during planetary accretion, with minor contributions from comets and volcanic activity. Hence, (b) is the correct option.
Explanation:
As Earth coalesced from the protoplanetary disk around the young Sun, volatile compounds, including water, were incorporated into the developing planet. Comets may have contributed some water, but the predominant source was the solar nebula.
While volcanic activity released water vapor, it played a minor role compared to the water acquired during accretion. Chemical reactions involving hydrogen and oxygen likely occurred after Earth's formation, but the bulk of the water was established during the early stages of planetary accretion from the solar nebula.
A stainless-steel-bottomed kettle, its bottom 22cm cm in diameter and 2.2 mmmm thick, sits on a burner. The kettle holds boiling water, and energy flows into the water from the kettle bottom at 800 WW .What is the temperature of the bottom surface of the kettle? Thermal conductivity of stainless steel is 14 W/(m?K).
Answer:
103.3°C
Explanation:
k = Thermal conductivity of stainless steel = 14 W/m² K
P = Power = 800 W
d = Diameter = 22 cm
t = Thickness of kettle = 2.2 mm
[tex]\Delta T[/tex] = Change in temperature = [tex](T_2-100)[/tex]
100°C boiling point of water
Power is given by
[tex]P=\dfrac{kA\Delta T}{t}\\\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{kA(T_2-T_1)}{t}\\\Rightarrow T_2=\dfrac{Pt}{kA}+T_1\\\Rightarrow T_2=\dfrac{800\times 2.2\times 10^{-3}}{14\times \dfrac{\pi}{4} 0.22^2}+100\\\Rightarrow T_2=103.3\ ^{\circ}C[/tex]
The temperature of the bottom of the surface 103.3°C
The temperature of the bottom surface of the kettle is approximately 1.593 Kelvin higher than the boiling water.
Explanation:To calculate the temperature of the bottom surface of the kettle, we can use the formula for heat conduction: q = (k * A * ΔT) / t. Here, q is the heat transfer rate, k is the thermal conductivity of stainless steel, A is the surface area of the bottom of the kettle, ΔT is the temperature difference between the bottom surface of the kettle and the boiling water, and t is the thickness of the bottom of the kettle. Rearranging the formula, we can solve for ΔT as:
ΔT = (q * t) / (k * A)
Plugging in the given values, we find:
ΔT = (800 W * 0.0022 m) / (14 W/(m·K) * π * (0.22 m/2)²)
Calculating this, we find ΔT ≈ 1.593 K. Therefore, the temperature of the bottom surface of the kettle would be approximately 1.593 Kelvin higher than the boiling water.
Learn more about temperature of kettle bottom surface here:
https://brainly.com/question/14787338
#SPJ11
When a tractor moves with uniform velocity its heavier wheel rotates slowly than its lighter wheel why?
Answer:
Because of Moment of inertia.
Explanation:
Larger wheels have larger moment of inertia,when they rotate rotational energy is stored in spinnning of motion so they rotate slowly while lighter wheels move faster comparitively because they use smaller moment of inertia.The thing is to keeping tyre in contact with road,when a vehicla hits a
jolt it is difficult with heavy tyre to be in contact with road. When vehicle loses contact the driver will lose steering control which result in giving a way to sliding friction.
A spring on Earth has a 0.500 kg mass suspended from one end and the mass is displaced by 0.3 m. What will the displacement of the same mass on the same spring be on the Moon, where the acceleration due to gravity is one sixth that of Earth? Show your work.
To solve this problem we will apply the concepts related to the Force of gravity given by Newton's second law (which defines the weight of an object) and at the same time we will apply the Hooke relation that talks about the strength of a body in a system with spring.
The extension of the spring due to the weight of the object on Earth is 0.3m, then
[tex]F_k = F_{W,E}[/tex]
[tex]kx_1 = mg[/tex]
The extension of the spring due to the weight of the object on Moon is a value of [tex]x_2[/tex], then
[tex]kx_2 = mg_m[/tex]
Recall that gravity on the moon is a sixth of Earth's gravity.
[tex]kx_2 = m\frac{g}{6}[/tex]
[tex]kx_2 = \frac{1}{6} mg[/tex]
[tex]kx_2 = \frac{1}{6} kx_1[/tex]
[tex]x_2 = \frac{1}{6} x_1[/tex]
We have that the displacement at the earth was [tex]x_1 = 0.3m[/tex], then
[tex]x_2 = \frac{1}{6} 0.3[/tex]
[tex]x_2 = 0.05m[/tex]
Therefore the displacement of the mass on the spring on Moon is 0.05m
The same spring and mass system will have a displacement of 0.05 m on the Moon compared to 0.3 m on Earth due to the Moon's lower gravitational acceleration.
Explanation:The subject of the question relates to how a spring and mass system will behave on Earth versus the Moon. The solution requires understanding of Hooke's Law and gravitation. Hooke's Law states that the displacement of a spring is directly proportional to the force applied. On Earth, when a 0.500 kg mass is suspended and displaced by 0.3 m, this sets up a certain relationship of force (F = mg, where g is Earth's gravity, 9.8 m/s²): F = 0.500 kg * 9.8 m/s² = 4.9 Newtons. Displacement, d, is proportional to the force:F = kd, so d = F/k where k is the spring constant.
On the Moon, g is not equal to Earth's, it's 1.67 m/s². The same hanging mass on the Moon would exert a force of Fm=0.500 kg * 1.67 m/s² = 0.835 Newtons. Since the spring constant doesn't change, and F = kd still holds, the new displacement on the Moon will be greater because the force is smaller. Displacement on the Moon (dM) will be dM = Fm/k, which is Fm divided by the same k we had on Earth. Not knowing k, we do know dM = (Fm/F) * d, and (Fm/F) is equal to the ratio of the Moon's gravity to Earth's gravity, 1/6, so dM = (1/6)*0.3 m = 0.05 m.
Learn more about Physics of Spring and Mass System here:
https://brainly.com/question/31950988
#SPJ3
How much excess charge must be placed on a copper sphere 25.0 cm in diameter so that the potential of its center, relative to infinity, is 1.50 kV?
Answer:
[tex]q=2.08*10^{-8}C\\ q=20.8nC[/tex]
Explanation:
Given data
Electric potential V=1.50 kV
Diameter d=25.0 cm
radius=diameter/2=25/2=12.5 cm=0.125 m
to find
We are asked to find excess charge
Solution
As inside the sphere the electric field is zero everywhere and potential is same at every point inside the sphere and on its surface
So we can use the value of the potential to get the charge q on the sphere
[tex]V=\frac{1}{4\pi E}\frac{q}{R}\\ q=4\pi ERV\\Where\\4\pi E=\frac{1}{9.0*10^{9}N.m^{2}/C^{2} }\\ q=(\frac{1}{9.0*10^{9}N.m^{2}/C^{2} })(0.125m)(1.50*10^{3}V )\\q=2.08*10^{-8}C\\ q=20.8nC[/tex]
To make the potential of a copper sphere's center 1.50 kV relative to infinity, an excess charge of approximately 2.09 x 10^-8 C must be placed on it.
Explanation:The potential V of a charged sphere is given by the equation V = kQ/R, where k is Coulomb's constant (8.99 x 109 Nm2/C2), Q is the charge on the sphere, and R is the radius. We can rearrange this to calculate the sphere's charge: Q = VR/k. The sphere's radius is half its diameter, hence 25.0 cm / 2 = 12.5 cm = 0.125 m. Substituting the given values in, we have Q = 1.50 x 103 V x 0.125 m / 8.99 x 109 Nm2/C2, recalling that 1 kV = 103 V. Doing the calculation, we find the excess charge Q to be approximately 2.09 x 10-8 C.
Learn more about Electrostatics here:https://brainly.com/question/33600060
#SPJ3
The vertical deflecting plates of a typical classroom are a pair of parallel square metal plates carrying equal but opposite charges. Potential difference between the plates is 25.0V; typical dimensions are about 3.8cm on a side with a separation of about 4.6mm. Under these conditions, how much charge is on each plate? How stron is the electric field between the plates? I fan electron is ejected from the negative plates, how fast is it moving when it reaches the postive plate?
Answer:
[tex]6.945326087\times 10^{-11}\ C[/tex]
5434.78260873 N/C
2963369.48874 m/s
Explanation:
[tex]\epsilon_0[/tex] = Permittivity of free space = [tex]8.85\times 10^{-12}\ F/m[/tex]
q = Charge of electron = [tex]1.6\times 10^{-19}\ C[/tex]
V = Voltage = 25 V
Side = 3.8 cm
d = Separation = 4.6 mm
m = Mass of electron = [tex]9.11\times 10^{-31}\ kg[/tex]
Charge is given by
[tex]Q=\dfrac{VA\epsilon_0}{d}\\\Rightarrow Q=\dfrac{25\times (3.8\times 10^{-2})^2\times 8.85\times 10^{-12}}{4.6\times 10^{-3}}\\\Rightarrow Q=6.945326087\times 10^{-11}\ C[/tex]
Charge on each plate is [tex]6.945326087\times 10^{-11}\ C[/tex]
Electric field is given by
[tex]E=\dfrac{Q}{A\epsilon_0}\\\Rightarrow E=\dfrac{6.945326087\times 10^{-11}}{(3.8\times 10^{-2})^2\times 8.85\times 10^{-12}}\\\Rightarrow E=5434.78260873\ N/C[/tex]
The electric field strength is 5434.78260873 N/C
Acceleration is given by
[tex]a=\dfrac{qE}{m}\\\Rightarrow a=\dfrac{1.6\times 10^{-19}\times 5434.78260873}{9.11\times 10^{-31}}\\\Rightarrow a=9.5451725291\times 10^{14}\ m/s^2[/tex]
[tex]v^2-u^2=2as\\\Rightarrow v=\sqrt{2as+u^2}\\\Rightarrow v=\sqrt{2\times 9.5451725291\times 10^{14}\times 4.6\times 10^{-3}+0^2}\\\Rightarrow v=2963369.48874\ m/s[/tex]
The velocity is 2963369.48874 m/s
A toy helicopter is flying in a straight line at a constant speed of 4.5 m/s. If a projectile is launched vertically with an initial speed of v0 = 28 m/s, what horizontal distance d should the helicopter be from the launch site S if the projectile is to be traveling downward when it strikes the helicopter? Assume that the projectile travels only in the vertical direction.
Final answer:
To find the horizontal distance, we use the equation d = horizontal velocity * T, where T is the time of flight. Using the given values, the horizontal distance is 25.71 m.
Explanation:
To determine the horizontal distance the helicopter should be from the launch site, we need to find the time it takes for the projectile to reach the helicopter. Since the projectile only travels in the vertical direction, we can use the equation:
T = (2 * v0) / g
where T is the time of flight, v0 is the initial vertical velocity, and g is the acceleration due to gravity. Plugging in the values, we get:
T = (2 * 28 m/s) / 9.8 m/s^2 = 5.71 s
Now, we can find the horizontal distance using the equation:
d = horizontal velocity * T
The horizontal velocity of the helicopter is its constant speed, which is 4.5 m/s. Plugging in the values, we get:
d = 4.5 m/s * 5.71 s = 25.71 m
A car of mass m push = 1200 kg is capable of a maximum acceleration of 6.00 m / s 2 . If this car is required to push a stalled car of mass m stall = 1750 kg, what is the maximum magnitude of the acceleration a of the two‑car system? a = 0.62 m / s 2
1)
first you find the maxium force that the car can produce.
f=ma
Fmax=(1100kg)(6m/s^2)
then use f = ma again to find the accel with the passengers
Fmax=(1100kg +1650kg)(a)
=> a = (1100kg)(6m/s^2)/( 1100kg +1650kg)
= 2.4 m/s^2
The maximum magnitude of the acceleration of the two‑car system is [tex]2.44 \;\rm m/s^{2}[/tex].
Given data:
The mass of car is, m = 1200 kg.
The maximum acceleration is, [tex]a =6.00 \;\rm m/s^{2}[/tex].
The mass of stall is, m' = 1750 kg.
As per the Newton's Second law of motion, the applied force on the car is equal to the product of mass and acceleration of car. So, the maximum force to push the car is given as,
F = ma
[tex]F = 1200 \times 6.00\\\\F= 7200\;\rm N[/tex]
Now for two-car system, the total mass is,
M = m + m'
M = 1200 +1750 = 2950 kg.
So, the acceleration for the two-car system is,
[tex]F = M \times a'\\\\7200 =2950 \times a'\\\\a'=2.44 \;\rm m/s^{2}[/tex]
Thus, the maximum magnitude of the acceleration a of the two‑car system is [tex]2.44 \;\rm m/s^{2}[/tex].
Learn more about the Newton's Second law here:
https://brainly.com/question/13447525
A 5.55 L cylinder contains 1.21 mol of gas A and 4.93 mol of gas B, at a temperature of 27.3 °C. Calculate the partial pressure of each gas in the cylinder. Assume ideal gas behavior.
Answer:
Pressure of gas A = 544.324 kPa
Pressure of gas B = 2217.784 kPa
Explanation:
Data provided in the question:
Total volume of the cylinder, V = 5.55 L = 0.00555 m³ [1 m³ = 1000 L]
Moles on gas A, [tex]n_a[/tex] = 1.21 mol
Moles on gas A, [tex]n_b[/tex] = 4.93 mol
Temperature, T = 27.3°C = 27.3 + 273 = 300.3 K
Now,
Pressure = [tex]\frac{nRT}{V}[/tex]
here,
R is the ideal gas constant = 8.314 J/mol.K
Therefore,
Pressure of gas A = [tex]\frac{n_aRT}{V}[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{1.21\times8.314\times300.3}{0.00555}[/tex]
= 544324.32 Pa
= 544.324 kPa
Pressure of gas B = [tex]\frac{n_bRT}{V}[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{4.93\times8.314\times300.3}{0.00555}[/tex]
= 2217784.22 Pa
= 2217.784 kPa
A hydrogen atom has a single proton at its center and a single electron at a distance of approximately 0.0539 nm from the proton. a. What is the electric potential energy in joules?b. What is the significance of the sign of the answer?
To solve this problem we will apply the concepts related to electrostatic energy, defined as,
[tex]U_e = \frac{kq_1q_2}{d^2}[/tex]
Here,
k = Coulomb's constant
[tex]q_{1,2}[/tex] = Charge of each object (electron and proton, at this case the same)=
d = Distance
Replacing with our values we have that
[tex]U_e = \frac{(9*10^9Nm^2)(1.6*10^{-19}C)(-1.6*10^{-19}C)}{0.0539*10^{-9}m}[/tex]
[tex]U_e = -4.27*10^{-18}J[/tex]
Therefore for the Part A the answer is [tex]-4.27*10^{-18}J[/tex] and por the Part B the sign indicates that the force between the proton and electron is attractive
A point charge gives rise to an electric field with magnitude 2 N/C at a distance of 4 m. If the distance is increased to 20 m, then what will be the new magnitude of the electric field?
Answer:
0.08 N/C
Explanation:
Electric Field: This is defined as the force per unit charge exerted at a point. The expression for electric field is given as,
E = Kq/r².............................. Equation 1
Where E = Electric Field, q = Charge, k = proportionality constant, r = distance.
making q the subject of the equation,
q = Er²/k............................... Equation 2
Given: E = 2 N/C, r = 4 m,
Substitute into equation 2
q = 2(4)²/k
q = 32/k C.
When r is increased to 20 m,
E = k(32/k)/20²
E = 32/400
E = 0.08 N/C.
Hence the electric Field = 0.08 N/C
The initial electric field from a charge is 2 N/C at 4m distance. When the distance increases fivefold, the strength of the electric field decreases by the square of this factor, resulting in a new electric field magnitude of 0.08 N/C.
Explanation:This question is about the relationship between an electric field and its distance from a point charge. According to the formula for the magnitude of the electric field generated by a point charge, which is E = kQ / r^2, where E is the electric field strength, k is Coulomb's constant, Q is the charge, and r is the distance from the charge, the electric field is inversely proportional to the square of the distance.
At a distance of 4m, the electric field's magnitude is 2 N/C. If you increase the distance to 20m (which is 5 times more than the initial distance), the new electric field magnitude will be the initial magnitude divided by the square of this factor, i.e., 2 N/C divided by 5^2 = 2 N/C / 25, which equals to 0.08 N/C.
Learn more about Electric Field here:https://brainly.com/question/33547143
#SPJ3
During a testing process, a worker in a factory mounts a bicycle wheel on a stationary stand and applies a tangential resistive force of 115 N to the tire's rim. The mass of the wheel is 1.70 kg and, for the purpose of this problem, assume that all of this mass is concentrated on the outside radius of the wheel. The diameter of the wheel is 50.0 cm. A chain passes over a sprocket that has a diameter of 9.50 cm. In order for the wheel to have an angular acceleration of 4.90 rad/s2, what force, in Newtons, must be applied to the chain? (Enter the magnitude only.) N
Answer:
616.223684211 N
Explanation:
[tex]F_r[/tex] = Resistive force on the wheel = 115 N
F = Force acting on sprocket
[tex]r_2[/tex] = Radius of sprocket = 4.75 cm
[tex]r_1[/tex] = Radius of wheel = 25 cm
Moment of inertia is given by
[tex]I=mr_1^2\\\Rightarrow I=1.7\times 0.25^2\\\Rightarrow I=0.10625\ kgm^2[/tex]
Torque
[tex]\tau=I\alpha\\\Rightarrow \tau=0.10625\times 4.9\\\Rightarrow \tau=0.520625\ Nm[/tex]
Torque is given by
[tex]\tau=Fr_2-F_rr_1\\\Rightarrow F=\dfrac{\tau+F_rr_1}{r_2}\\\Rightarrow F=\dfrac{0.520625+115\times 0.25}{0.0475}\\\Rightarrow F=616.223684211\ N[/tex]
The force on the chain is 616.223684211 N
The nucleus of a plutonium-239 atom contains 94 protons. Assume that the nucleus is a sphere with radius 6.64 fm and with the charge of the protons uniformly spread through the sphere. At the surface of the nucleus, what are the (a) magnitude and (b) direction (radially inward or outward) of the electric field produced by the protons
Answer:
(a) E = 3.065 * 10^21 N/C
(b) The direction is radially outward.
Explanation:
Parameters given:
Number of protons = 94
Charge of proton = 1.6023 * 10^-19 C
Radius of nucleus = 6.65 fm = 6.65 * 10^-15
At the surface of the nucleus, Electric field, E is given as:
E = kq/r^2
Where k = Coulombs constant
r = radius of nucleus
=> E = (9 * 10^9 * 94* 1.6023 * 10^-19)/(6.65 * 10^21)
E = 3.065 * 10^21 N/C
The direction of the field is radially outward.
The magnitude of the electric field at the surface of a plutonium-239 nucleus is roughly 7.94 x 10^21 NC^-1. The direction of the electric field, created by positively charged protons, is radially outward.
Explanation:The question pertains to the electric field created by the protons of a plutonium-239 atom. The electric field resulting from a spherical charge distribution can be determined by using Coulomb's law transformed to a volumetric charge distribution. The formula is E = kQ/r2, where k is the Coulomb constant (8.99 x 109 Nm2/C2), Q is the total charge, and r is the distance from the center of the field (which in this case is the radius of the nucleus).
(a) Magnitude of the electric field: Here, the total charge Q is the charge of a single proton (1.60 x 10-19 C) multiplied by the total number of protons which is 94. Therefore, upon inserting these values into the formula, the calculated electric field at the surface of the nucleus is around 7.94 x 1021 NC-1.
(b) Direction of the electric field: The direction of the electric field is always from positive to negative. Since protons are positively charged and they are creating the field, the electric field direction will be radially outward.
Learn more about Electric Field here:https://brainly.com/question/33547143
#SPJ3
In the SI system of units, dynamic viscosity of water μ at temperature T (K) can be computed from μ=A10B/(T-C), where A=2.4×10-5, B=250 K and C=140 K. (6 points) (a) Determine the dimensions of A. (b) Determine the kinematic viscosity of water at 20°C. Express your results in both SI and BG units.
Answer:
0.00000103149529075 m²/s
0.0103149529075 stokes
Explanation:
A = [tex]2.4\times 10^-5[/tex]
B = 250 K
C = 140 K
T = 20°C
[tex]\rho[/tex] = Density of water = 998 kg/m³
Viscosity is given by
[tex]\mu=A\times 10^{\dfrac{B}{T-C}}\\\Rightarrow \mu=2.4\times 10^{-5}\times 10^{\dfrac{250}{273.15+20-140}}\\\Rightarrow \mu=0.00102943230017\ Pas[/tex]
Kinematic viscosity is given by
[tex]\nu=\dfrac{\mu}{\rho}\\\Rightarrow \nu=\dfrac{0.00102943230017}{998}\\\Rightarrow \nu=0.00000103149529075\ m^2/s[/tex]
The kinematic viscosity is 0.00000103149529075 m²/s
In BG units [tex]0.00000103149529075\times 10^4=0.0103149529075\ stokes[/tex]
In the SI system of units, the dynamic viscosity of water can be computed using the equation μ=A10B/(T-C). The dimensions of A are (m⋅s²)/kg. To find the kinematic viscosity of water at 20°C, we can use the formula ν=μ/ρ, where μ is the dynamic viscosity and ρ is the density of water. The kinematic viscosity of water at 20°C is approximately 0.0001 m²/s in SI units and 1 cm²/s in BG units.
Explanation:(a) Dimensions of A:
To determine the dimensions of A, we need to rearrange the equation and analyze the units on both sides. We know that viscosity has units of kilograms per meter per second (kg/m/s). Plugging in the given values for B and C, we have μ=A10B/(T-C). The dimensions of 10B/(T-C) are (dimensionless). Therefore, the dimensions of A must be kg/m/s multiplied by the inverse of the dimensions of 10B/(T-C), which is 1/(kg/m/s) or (m⋅s²)/kg.
(b) Kinematic viscosity at 20°C:
To find the kinematic viscosity of water at 20°C, we can use the formula ν=μ/ρ, where μ is the dynamic viscosity and ρ is the density of water. The density of water at 20°C is approximately 998 kg/m³. Plugging in the given values for A and C, we can calculate μ using the equation μ=A10B/(T-C). Substituting the values into the formula ν=μ/ρ, we get ν≈μ/ρ≈(A10B/(T-C))/ρ.
In the SI unit, ν≈(2.4×10-5×10250 K/(293 K-140 K))/998 kg/m³≈0.0001 m²/s.
In the BG unit, ν≈0.0001 m²/s×104 cm²/1 m²≈1 cm²/s.
An electric motor exerts a constant torque of 10 Nm on a grindstone mounted on its shaft. The moment of inertia of the grindstone is I = 2.0 kgm2 . The system starts from rest. A. Determine the angular acceleration of the shaft when this torque is applied. B. Determine the kinetic energy of the shaft after 8 seconds of operation. C. Determine the work done by the motor in this time. D. Determine the average power delivered by the motor over this time interval
Answer:
Angular acceleration = 5 rad /s ^2
Kinetic energy = 0.391 J
Work done = 0.391 J
P =6.25 W
Explanation:
The torque is given as moment of inertia × angular acceleration
angular acceleration = torque/ moment of inertia
= 10/2= 5 rad/ s^2
The kinetic energy is = 1/2 Iw^2
w = angular acceleration/time
=5/8= 0.625 rad /s
1/2 × 2× 0.625^2
=0.391 J
The work done is equal to the kinetic energy of the motor at this time
W= 0.391 J
The average power is = torque × angular speed
= 10× 0.625
P = 6.25 W
A. The angular acceleration is 5 rad/s². B. The kinetic energy of the shaft after 8 seconds is 16000 J. C. The work done by the motor in this time is 1600 J. D. The average power delivered by the motor over this time interval is 200 W.
Explanation:A. Angular acceleration can be found using the rotational analog to Newton's second law a = net τ/I. The moment of inertia I is given and the torque τ can be found from the given torque value. So, τ = 10 Nm and I = 2.0 kgm2. Substituting these values, we get a = 10 Nm / 2.0 kgm2 = 5 rad/s².
B. Using the equation K = (1/2) I ω², where I is the moment of inertia and ω is the angular velocity, we can calculate the initial angular velocity ω₁ as 0 rad/s. Then, the final angular velocity ω can be found using the relationship ω = ω₁ + αt. So, ω = 0 rad/s + (5 rad/s²)(8 s) = 40 rad/s. Finally, substituting these values into the kinetic energy equation, we have K = (1/2)(2.0 kgm2)(40 rad/s)² = 16000 J.
C. The work done by the motor can be found using the equation W = τθ, where τ is the torque and θ is the angular displacement. In this case, θ = ω₁t + (1/2)αt² = 0 rad/s(8 s) + (1/2)(5 rad/s²)(8 s)² = 160 rad. Therefore, W = (10 Nm)(160 rad) = 1600 J.
D. The average power can be calculated using the equation P = W/t, where W is the work done and t is the time interval. Substituting the values we found in the previous calculations, we have P = 1600 J / 8 s = 200 W.
Learn more about Rotational motion here:https://brainly.com/question/37888082
#SPJ11
Earth's atmosphere is constantly bombarded by cosmic ray protons that originate somewhere in space. If the protons all passed through the atmosphere, assume that each square meter of Earth's surface would intercept protons at the average rate of 1110 protons per second. What would be the electric current intercepted by the total surface area of the planet?
Answer:
Explanation:
Each square meter of earth surface intercepts 1110 protons per second.
Total surface of the earth will intercept no of proton equal to
= 1110 x area of surface
= 1110 x 5.1 x 10¹⁴ m²
= 5661 x 10¹⁴
Total charge
= 1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹ x 5661 x 10¹⁴ coulomb per second
= .09 A .
electric current intercepted by the total surface area of the planet = .09 A.
a. How many excess electrons must be distributed uniformly within the volume of an isolated plastic sphere 25.0 cm in diameter to produce an electric field of 1350 N/C just outside the surface of the sphere.b. What is the electric field at a point 10.0 cm outside the surface of the sphere?
Answer:
Explanation:
The electric field outside the sphere is given as,
E = k Q /r²
here Q = n x 1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹ C
where n is the number of electons
if the dimeter of sphere d= 25 cm= 0.25 m
then the radius r = 0.125 m
we get
n= E r²/ k x 1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹ C
n = 1350N/C x (0.125m)² / (8.99 x 10⁹ N m²/C² x 1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹ C)
n = 14664731646
What is the Doppler effect, and how does it alter the way in which we perceive radiation?
Answer:
Explanation:
When the distance is decreasing, the frequency of the received wave form will be higher than the source wave form. Besides sound and radio waves, the Doppler effect also affects the light emitted by other bodies in space. If a body in space is "blue shifted," its light waves are compacted and it is coming towards us.
The Doppler effect is a phenomenon that describes how the perceived frequency and wavelength of waves change due to relative motion. It can result in a blue shift or a red shift, depending on the direction of motion. The Doppler effect has applications in astronomy and medicine, among other fields.
Explanation:The Doppler effect is a phenomenon in physics that describes how the perceived frequency and wavelength of waves change when there is relative motion between the source of the waves and the observer. This effect can alter the way in which we perceive radiation, such as light or sound.
When an object emitting waves moves towards an observer, the waves are compressed, resulting in a higher frequency and shorter wavelength. This is known as a blue shift. On the other hand, when an object moves away from an observer, the waves are stretched, resulting in a lower frequency and longer wavelength, which is called a red shift.
The Doppler effect has several applications in various fields. For example, it is used in astronomy to determine the speed and direction of celestial objects based on their red or blue shifts. In medicine, it is used in ultrasound technology to measure blood flow velocity. Overall, the Doppler effect allows us to understand and interpret the motion of objects emitting waves.
Learn more about Doppler effect here:https://brainly.com/question/33454469
#SPJ3
Why do optical astronomers often put their telescopes at the tops of mountains, whereas radio astronomers sometimes put their telescopes in deep valleys?
Explanation:
The visible light coming from celestial bodies from space are affected most by the atmosphere. The visible light suffer blurring and absorption. So, to avoid such situation optical telescopes are kept in mountains where atmosphere is thin.
Whereas radio signal are not affected by the atmosphere so, they need not be placed in mountains.However, it is affected by various noises from the man made devices. So, to avoid these noises radio telescopes are kept in deep valleys.
Final answer:
Optical telescopes are placed on mountains to minimize atmospheric interference, reduce light pollution, and capture clearer images, while radio telescopes are located in valleys to shield them from man-made radio interference for clearer radio signal observations.
Explanation:
Optical astronomers often put their telescopes at the tops of mountains because these locations offer several advantages that are critical for observing the cosmos. Sir Isaac Newton mentioned that a serene and quiet air, often found on the tops of high mountains, is beneficial for reducing the confusion of rays caused by the atmosphere's tremors. This is echoed by modern practices where observatories are located in high, dry, and dark sites to minimize atmospheric interference, reduce light pollution, and avoid water vapor which absorbs infrared light.
The Andes Mountains in Chile, the desert peaks of Arizona, and the summit of Maunakea in Hawaii are examples of such ideal locations. On the other hand, radio astronomers sometimes place their telescopes in deep valleys to shield them from radio interference from human-made sources such as cell phones and electrical circuits. The natural geography of valleys can act as a barrier against these disturbances, providing a clearer signal for radio observations.
Normal human body temperature is about 37°C. What is this temperature in kelvins? What is the peak wavelength emitted by a person with this temperature? In what part of the spectrum does this lie?
Normal human body temperature is about 37°C, which is equivalent to 310.15 K. The peak wavelength emitted by a person with this temperature is 9.35 μm, which lies in the infrared part of the spectrum.
Explanation:Normal human body temperature is about 37°C. To convert this temperature to kelvin, we can use the formula K = °C + 273.15. So, the temperature in kelvins would be:
K = 37 + 273.15 = 310.15 K.
The wavelength emitted by a person with this temperature can be determined using Wien's displacement law: λ = b/T, where b is Wien's constant and T is the absolute temperature. The peak wavelength (λmax) is the wavelength at which the emitted radiation is the greatest. For a temperature of 310.15 K, the peak wavelength can be calculated as: λmax = b/T = 2897.8/T = 9.35 μm.
The peak wavelength of 9.35 μm corresponds to the infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Learn more about Body temperature and electromagnetic spectrum here:https://brainly.com/question/32722124
#SPJ3
For lunch you and your friends decide to stop at the nearest deli and have a sandwich made fresh for you with 0.100 kg of turkey. The slices of turkey are weighed on a plate of mass 0.400 kg placed atop a vertical spring of negligible mass and force constant of 200 N/m . The slices of turkey are dropped on the plate all at the same time from a height of 0.250 m . They make a totally inelastic collision with the plate and set the scale into vertical simple harmonic motion (SHM). You may assume that the collision time is extremely small.a. What is the amplitude of oscillation A of the scale after the slices of ham land on the plate?b. What is the period of oscillation T of the scale?
Answer:
a) A = 0.0221 m, b) T = 0.314 s
Explanation:
For this exercise we must separate the process into two parts, one when the body falls and another when it hits the tray
Let's look for the speed with which it reaches the tray, using energy conservation
Initial. Highest point
Em₀ = U = m g h
Final. Tray Point
[tex]Em_{f}[/tex] = K = ½ m v²
Em₀ = Em_{f}
m g h = ½ m v²
v = √2gh
Now let's apply moment conservation
Initial. Just before the crash
p₀ = m v
Final. After the crash
p_{f} = (m + M) v_{f}
p₀ = p_{f}
m v = (m + M) v_{f}
v_{f} = m / (m + M) √2gh
This is the turkey + plate system speed, which is the one that will oscillate
b) The angular velocity of the oscillation is
w = √ k / m
The angular velocity is related to the frequency and period
w = 2πf = 2π / T
T = 2π √m / k
T = 2π √ ((0.100 + 0.400) / 200)
T = 0.314 s
a) To find the amplitude let's use the equation that describes the oscillatory motion
y = A cos (wt + fi)
Speed is
v = dy / dt = - A w sin (wt + fi)
At the initial point the turkey + plate system has a maximum speed, in the previous equation the speed is maximum when cos (wt + fi) = ±1
v = v_{f} = A w
m / (m + M) √ 2gh = A w
A = m / (m + M) √2gh 1 / w
w = 2π / T
Let's calculate
A = 0.100 / (0.100 + 0.400) √(2 9.8 0.250) 0.314/2π
A = 0.2 2.2136 0.049975
A = 0.0221 m
A steel wire in a piano has a length of 0.600 m and a mass of 5.200 ✕ 10−3 kg. To what tension must this wire be stretched so that the fundamental vibration corresponds to middle C (fC = 261.6 Hz on the chromatic musical scale)?
Answer:
854.39 N
Explanation:
The formula for the fundamental frequency of a stretched string is given as,
f = 1/2L√(T/m)..................... Equation 1
Where f = fundamental frequency, L = Length of the wire, T = Tension, m = mass per unit length.
Given: f = 261.6 Hz, L = 0.6 m, m = (5.2×10⁻³/0.6) = 8.67×10⁻³ kg/m.
Substitute into equation 1
261.6 = 1/0.6√(T/8.67×10⁻³)
Making T the subject of the equation,
T = (261.6×0.6×2)²(8.67×10⁻³)
T =854.39 N
Hence the tension of the wire is 854.39 N.
We have that for the Question "To what tension must this wire be stretched so that the fundamental vibration corresponds to middle C "
Answer:
Tension = [tex]512.43N[/tex]
From the question we are told
a piano has a length of 0.6m and a mass of [tex]5.2 * 10^{−3} kg[/tex]
Generally the equation for frequency is mathematically given as
[tex]F = \frac{V}{2L}[/tex]
where,
[tex]V = \sqrt\frac{T}{U}[/tex]
Therefore,
[tex]261.6 = \frac{V}{2*0.76}\\\\V = 261.6*2*0.6\\\\V = 313.92m/s[/tex]
so,
[tex]v^2 = \frac{T}{U}\\\\T = V^2 * U\\\\T = 512.43N[/tex]
For more information on this visit
https://brainly.com/question/23379286
A dock worker applies a constant horizontal force of 80.5 N to a block of ice on a smooth horizontal floor. The frictional force is negligible.The block starts from rest and moves a distance 13.0 m in a time 4.50 s.(a)What is the mass of the block of ice?----- I found this to be 56.9kg and got it right.(b)If the worker stops pushing at the end of 4.50 s, how far does the block move in the next 4.20s ? -
Answer:
(a). The mass of the block of ice is 62.8 kg.
(b). The distance is 24.192 m.
Explanation:
Given that,
Horizontal force = 80.5 N
Distance = 13.0 m
Time = 4.50 s
(a). We need to calculate the acceleration of the block of ice
Using equation of motion
[tex]s=ut+\dfrac{1}{2}at^2[/tex]
Put the value into the formula
[tex]13=0+\dfrac{1}{2}\times a\times(4.50)^2[/tex]
[tex]a=\dfrac{13\times2}{(4.50)^2}[/tex]
[tex]a=1.28\ m/s^2[/tex]
We need to calculate the mass of the block of ice
Using formula of force
[tex]F = ma[/tex]
[tex]m=\dfrac{F}{a}[/tex]
Put the value into the formula
[tex]m=\dfrac{80.5}{1.28}[/tex]
[tex]m=62.8\ kg[/tex]
(b). If the worker stops pushing at the end of 4.50 s,
We need to calculate the velocity
Using equation of motion
[tex]v =u+at[/tex]
Put the value into the formula
[tex]v=0+1.28\times4.50[/tex]
[tex]v=5.76\ m/s[/tex]
We need to calculate the distance
Using formula of distance
[tex]v = \dfrac{d}{t}[/tex]
[tex]d=v\times t[/tex]
Put the value into the formula
[tex]d=5.76\times4.20[/tex]
[tex]d=24.192\ m[/tex]
Hence, (a). The mass of the block of ice is 62.8 kg.
(b). The distance is 24.192 m.