Answer:
The stem cells was discovered by Ernest McCulloch and James Till in 1981. Studies conducted for stem cells can be used for bone marrow transplantation and to treat various diseases.
Explanation:
Stem cell are the cells that has the ability to differentiate into different cells of the body. In 1978 human cord blood discovered as stem cell. The stem cell research come to known in 1981.
Ernest McCulloch and James Till discovered the stem cell research while working on the mice bone marrow. He found that the different blood cells were formed by the single class of cells.
Experiments on mice and other animals have been conducted to study the stem cells so far. The study of stem cell is useful to cure the genetic defects, Cancer and other harmful diseases.
In 1963 James Edgar Till discovered that bone marrow transplanted cells in the spleen of mice self-replicated. With the research, Canadian scientist James Edgar Till discovered stem cells that have become a known and controversial subject ever since.
From this, stem cells have become the subject of numerous studies and experiments, and are the main subject of many debates. Experiments have already been performed that tested the influence of stem cells in cancer treatments, cloning, chronic disease treatments, experiments that evaluate the possibility of organ transplantation from animals to humans, tumor treatment, among others.
Several segments of the population have taken a position contrary to this type of research, as they claim that the good of society cannot be obtained from the death of some individuals, even if still in the embryonic stage. The Roman Catholic Church, as well as Protestant churches has defended this position, also accepted by many unrelated scientists and philosophers, that a person's life begins with fertilization, so there is no ethically adequate justification for such research. .
Hypothesize why parts of a plant, such as the leaves, are green, but other parts, such as the roots, are not. Use scientific reasoning to support your hypothesis.
Leaves are green because they contain a green pigment.
In the parlance of science, a hypothesis is a tentative explanation which must be testable.
In this case, i have hypothesized that the reason for the green color of leaves is the presence of a green pigment.
I must now subject the leaves, root and back of the tree to laboratory experiments to see if this pigment can only be extracted from the leaves.
If indeed, this pigment can only be extracted from plant leaves then the hypothesis is found to be true.
Learn more: https://brainly.com/question/3853376
In female philopatric species, __________ form the core of the social the group.
a. females
b. males
c. a polyandrous family
d. a polygynandrous grouping
Explain why glucose consumption must increase in hypoxic tissues to provide the same amount of atp that could be produced from glucose in normoxic (normal o2 levels) tissues.
Glucose consumption must increase in hypoxic tissues to provide the same amount of ATP that could be produced from glucose in normoxic (normal O2 levels) tissues. This is because the net yield of ATP in anaerobic condition is less as compared to aerobic condition.
Further Explanation:
The lactose and glucose are the energy source. The breakdown of glucose involves fewer steps and comparatively less energy, therefore glucose is the prime source of energy. In glucose absence, the bacteria use lactose for energy.
When the tissue is hypoxic, it means that it has a low level of oxygen and could not precede the aerobic respiration and chemical reaction. To produce energy the body will do the anaerobic reaction instead. The anaerobic reaction allows the breaks down of glucose and provides energy without consuming oxygen.
When doing aerobic respiration, the body can get up to thirty-eight ATP per molecule of glucose but it only gets two ATP for anaerobic respiration. Since, the net yield of ATP is lower in hypoxic or anaerobic condition. The aerobic condition means breakdown of glucose in the presence oxygen and it yield high amount of ATP. In anaerobic conditions, to get equal amount of energy as an aerobic reaction, then require large amount of glucose in comparison to aerobic reaction.
Learn more:
Learn more about carbohydrate monomer https://brainly.com/question/6947177 Learn more about core muscle stabilization https://brainly.com/question/1231927 Learn more about energy storage https://brainly.com/question/523624Answer Details:
Grade: High School
Subject: Biology
Topic: Hypoxia
Keywords:
Cardiorespiratory exercise, oxygen, intensity, aerobic reaction, ATP, anaerobic condition, hypoxic, chemical reaction, breakdown, glucose, lactose, energy, respiration.
List two differences you would expect to see in the composition of lipids in the
e. coli membrane when the cells are incubated at 25 ∘c compared to incubation at 37 ∘c.
Identify the true statements regarding the heme group of myoglobin and hemoglobin
The true statements are:
A heme group contains four pyrrole rings, which are linked via methene (methine) bridges.The heme group is conjugated.The globin chains of myoglobin and hemoglobin prevent the oxidation of Fe2 to Fe3, which irreversibly binds oxygen.The cooperativity of oxygen binding in hemoglobin arises from electronic interactions between heme groups.The iron in the heme group can form six bonds: The fifth is with an imidazole ring of a histidine, and the sixth is with oxygen.The heme group is a crucial component of myoglobin and hemoglobin, playing a central role in oxygen binding and release. Consisting of a porphyrin ring with an iron (Fe) ion at its center, the heme group exhibits several characteristics that contribute to its function.
Firstly, the heme group comprises four pyrrole rings linked via methene bridges, creating a conjugated system. This conjugation is essential for the efficient absorption and release of oxygen. The iron at the center of the heme group can form six bonds, with the fifth bond established with an imidazole ring of a histidine and the sixth with oxygen during oxygen binding.
The globin chains of myoglobin and hemoglobin surround and protect the heme group, preventing the oxidation of Fe2 to Fe3. This protection is crucial, as Fe3 irreversibly binds oxygen, interfering with the oxygen-carrying capacity of these proteins.
The cooperativity of oxygen binding in hemoglobin is facilitated by electronic interactions between heme groups. Hemoglobin exhibits a transition between the relaxed (R) state, which has higher oxygen affinity, and the tense (T) state with lower affinity. This transition is influenced by the length of Fe–Nporphyrin bonds in the heme group, with the T state having longer bonds and lower affinity for oxygen.
Additionally, it's important to note that hemoglobin contains four heme groups, each capable of binding one molecule of oxygen. Together, these characteristics highlight the intricate and finely tuned nature of the heme group, allowing myoglobin and hemoglobin to effectively transport and release oxygen in response to varying physiological conditions.
Complete question:
Identify the true statements regarding the heme group of myoglobin and hemoglobin. ( Hint: there are 5 correct answers)
A heme group contains four pyrrole rings, which are linked via methene (methine) bridges.The heme group is conjugated.The globin chains of myoglobin and hemoglobin prevent the oxidation of Fe2 to Fe3 , which irreversibly binds oxygen.The cooperativity of oxygen binding in hemoglobin arises from electronic interactions between heme groups.The T state of hemoglobin has lower affinity for O2 than the R state because the Fe–Nporphyrin bonds are longer.Hemoglobin contains four heme groups.The iron in the heme group can form six bonds: The fifth is with an imidazole ring of a histidine and the sixth is with oxygen.In a cross between these two plants (mmddpp x mmddpp), all offspring in the f1 generation are wild type and heterozygous for all three traits (mmddpp). now suppose you perform a testcross on one of the f1 plants (mmddpp x mmddpp). the f2 generation can include plants with these eight possible phenotypes: solid, normal, smooth solid, normal, peach solid, dwarf, smooth solid, dwarf, peach mottled, normal, smooth mottled, normal, peach mottled, dwarf, smooth mottled, dwarf, peach assuming that the three genes undergo independent assortment, predict the phenotypic ratio of the offspring in the f2 generation. hints
solid leaves (MM),
normal height (DD),
smooth skin (PP).
recessive TRAITS
leaves (mm),
dwarf height
(dd), and
peach skin (pp)
how does plants get the necessary reactants to make sugar
Why is it important to narrow the formality gap for effective validation of interactive properties of systems?
explain the effects of unregulated (or abnormal) cellular processes on the body
Put the steps of muscle contraction in order from first (1) to last (5). The sarcomere shortens. Calcium ions are released by a nerve cell. The sarcomere is relaxed. Actin and myosin overlap completely. Actin and myosin are activated.
Answer:
The sarcomere is relaxed. Calcium ions are released by a nerve cell. Actin and myosin are activated. The sarcomere shortens. Actin and myosin overlap completely.Explanation:
For muscle contraction to occur it is necessary that the brain first sends signals to motor neurons that will quickly establish contact with muscle fibers.
At that time, the axons close to the muscle fibers will lose the myelin sheath, as a result of which, the axons will dilate forming a kind of plaque called the motor plaque. The main function of this motor plate is to allow the motor nerves to connect to the muscles.
Simultaneously, the nervous impulse will reach the aconic terminations of the motor nerves. This will cause the release of acetylcholine over the muscle fibers causing an action potential to occur. After that, the actin and misin filaments contract, as a result the sarcomere becomes decreased and as it decreases it causes muscle contraction.
In summary, muscle contraction happens as follows:
The sarcomere is relaxed. Calcium ions are released by a nerve cell. Actin and myosin are activated. The sarcomere shortens. Actin and myosin overlap completely.Muscle contraction is a complex process beginning with the release of calcium ions by a nerve cell. This leads to the activation of proteins actin and myosin, which then overlap completely. This activity shortens the sarcomere, resulting in muscle contraction, after which the sarcomere relaxes.
The process of muscle contraction involves several steps. Here is the order of these steps from first (1) to last (5):
Calcium ions are released by a nerve cell. An electrochemical signal from a nerve cell triggers the release of calcium ions.
Actin and myosin are activated. The released calcium ions bind to the proteins called troponin and tropomyosin on the actin filament, exposing the binding sites and enabling myosin heads to attach.
Actin and myosin overlap completely. The myosin heads temporarily bind to the actin filament, resulting in cross-bridge formation and filament sliding.
The sarcomere shortens. The sliding of filaments continues leading to the shortening of the sarcomere and muscle contraction.
The sarcomere is relaxed. Once calcium ions are removed, actin-binding sites are shielded again, resulting in muscle relaxation.
For more such questions on Muscle contraction, click on:
https://brainly.com/question/33888889
#SPJ6
A colorimeter is an instrument used for chemical analysis by comparing a liquid’s color with standard colors. In an experiment, a scientist used two calorimeters and noted the readings. The first colorimeter showed consistent readings that were five points lower than the actual reading. The second colorimeter provided readings that were the same as the actual reading. Which two statements are implications of these readings?
The first colorimeter is consistent but is not accurate; with an error of -5. It cannot be used to provide accurate reading.
U can conclude the second colorimeter to be accurate.
Answer:
Explanation:
The readings from the two colorimeters have the following implications:
1. The first colorimeter consistently showed readings that were five points lower than the actual reading. This suggests that there is a systematic error or calibration issue with this colorimeter. A systematic error is an error that occurs consistently and affects all measurements in the same way. In this case, the colorimeter consistently underestimates the color intensity by five points. To obtain accurate results, the scientist should adjust the readings from this colorimeter by adding five points to compensate for the systematic error.
2. The second colorimeter provided readings that were the same as the actual reading. This implies that the second colorimeter is properly calibrated and does not have any systematic errors. It provides accurate readings without any need for adjustments.
In summary, the first colorimeter consistently underestimates the color intensity by five points, while the second colorimeter provides accurate readings. To obtain accurate results, the scientist should adjust the readings from the first colorimeter by adding five points.
Why was it important to examine both the color and the streak of your minerals? Think about streak and explain why it’s called a mineral’s “true color”. Answer in at least 2 sentences.
Answer:
"The streak is the colour presented by a mineral when put into powder, in other words, in its most isolated way. The colour of a mineral, when in a rock, may be influenced by its crystal conformation, other minerals in it, or even the cut. That's why, the streak is considered the "true colour" of a mineral."
Explanation:
The person above meis correct.
Horses are unlike dogs and cats in that a large amount of digestion and absorption in these hindgut fermenters occurs in the
A. cecum.
B. rectum.
C. ileum.
D. jejunum.
The increase in the population of people living in urban areas will cause a decrease in urban sprawl.
TRUE OR FALSE ???
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Urban sprawl in general terms refers to the movement of people from densely populated city cores to its peripheral areas. These peripheral residential areas having low density and more living space per person is termed as Urban sprawl.
Basically the urban sprawl can be understood as city expansion towards its fringes in order to provide cheap and larger accommodation space as compared to accommodation space with in the city.
Thus , increase in the population of people living in urban areas will cause a increase in urban sprawl
What are the elements called that have partially filled d sublevels?
If the d subshell has between 1 and 9 electrons, it is said to be partially filled if at least one d orbital is half-filled or vacant and at least one d orbital is full.
What elements called that have partially filled d sublevels?Any metal that produces one or more stable ions with partially filled d orbitals is said to be transitional. An element that has incomplete d subshells on its atoms or that can produce cations with incomplete d subshells is referred to as a transition element.
According to the aufbau principle, an atom's electrons must first occupy its lowest-energy atomic orbitals before moving on to its higher-energy counterparts.
Zn, Cd, and Hg have (n-1) “d(10)ns” electron configurations in their atoms, while their most stable simple ions, “M”(2+), have (n-1) “d (10)ns” electron configurations. So neither their atoms nor their simple ions have partially filled d-orbitals.
Therefore, it is called Transition elements are the elements called that have partially filled d sublevels.
Learn more about sublevels here:
https://brainly.com/question/2134280
#SPJ2
According to myplate, a mini bagel would represent _____ ounce(s) from the grains group.
Who is responsible for an area of the prison, such as recreation or the shu?
Bart was hit by a baseball at the back of his head and is now having severe difficulties with his vision. this is because the baseball hit his _____ lobe.
Aline is sitting in a physician's office and has just been told that a nurse will be coming in to measure her bmi. aline is not familiar with the term bmi and starts to panic. how should her mother reassure her about bmi tests?
Aline's mother can reassure her by explaining that BMI, or Body Mass Index, is just a simple way for the nurse to check whether Aline is at a healthy weight for her height.
The nurse will measure Aline's height and weight, and use these numbers to calculate her BMI. This is done by dividing Aline's weight in kilograms by the square of her height in meters:
[tex]BMI = \frac{\text{weight} (kg)}{\text{height}^2 (m^2)}[/tex].
The BMI helps to quickly and inexpensively screen if someone might be underweight, at a healthy weight, or overweight, but it doesn't measure body fat directly.
Aline's mom can also explain that the BMI test is very common and there is nothing to worry about. It's simply a tool that helps doctors and nurses make sure Aline is healthy.
When a vaccine is given to a person with a healthy immune system, what is the long-term result? your body has built up an ___________?
What compound provides the reducing power for the calvin cycle reactions?
a. atp
b. nad+
c. nadh
d. nadp+
e. nadph?
Our solar system is thought to have started with the birth of our Sun, which formed from a cloud of interstellar dust and gas. This cloud condensed and eventually collapsed from its own gravitational pull. The heat and pressure built up, forming a protostar. Eventually nuclear fusion began. Planets formed from remaining dust and gas orbiting the protostar.
This explanation best describes _____.
the nebular theory
the big bang theory
the inflation theory
the condensation theory
The correct option is (A). The given explanation regarding the formation of our solar system best describes the nebular theory.
The nebular theory explains the formation of our solar system, it suggests that:
The Sun and planets formed from a rotating cloud of interstellar dust and gas, called a nebula. The nebula condensed under its own gravity, leading to a collapse that increased heat and pressure, forming a protostar at its center. When temperatures were sufficient, nuclear fusion ignited, creating the Sun. The remaining material flattened into a rotating disk, where particles collided and stuck together, gradually forming planets, moons, and other solar system bodies.The other options are incorrect because:
B. The big bang theory describes the origin of the universe, not the formation of the solar system.C. The inflation theory explains a rapid expansion of the universe shortly after the big bang, not the solar system's formation.D. The condensation theory is an outdated model that doesn't adequately explain the formation of the solar system.The correct question is:
Our solar system is thought to have started with the birth of our Sun, which formed from a cloud of interstellar dust and gas. This cloud condensed and eventually collapsed from its own gravitational pull. The heat and pressure built up, forming a protostar. Eventually nuclear fusion began. Planets formed from remaining dust and gas orbiting the protostar.
This explanation best describes _____.
A. the nebular theory
B. the big bang theory
C. the inflation theory
D. the condensation theory
WILL GIVE A BRANILEST
Since the expansion of international trade, Dutch elm disease and chestnut blight have nearly killed off the Dutch elm and chestnut trees in America.
One might infer that these diseases were the result of _____.
introduced species
poor tree husbandry
lack of pollinators
competition for space
what physical property makes wax good for making molds for making sculptures?
The physical property which
makes wax good for making molds for making sculptures is the "malleability".
This is the physical property of wax which allows it to
deform under pressure and lets it take various shapes without cracking. That is
why wax models are seen mostly flawless and complete looking models.
4. Evapotranspiration occurs when
5. Condensation occurs when
A student isolates an unknown bacterial sample from the bottom of a swamp area. The student discovers that this species of bacteria is able to live and grow in an oxygen-free environment, but it requires a nitrate-rich soil.
Which of the following types of respiration is this species of bacteria most likely using?
Answer:
A.
anaerobic respiration
Explanation:
Melatonin release is stimulated by ________ and inhibited by ________.
Answer:
darkness; light
Explanation:
Made by the body, melatonin not only regulates bedtime but also helps repair our cells exposed to stress, pollution and other harmful elements. It is a powerful antioxidant and fights free radicals that attack the body. In sync with the end of the day and the light, it is now released to prepare the body for the night. This is because the release of melatonin is stimulated by darkness and inhibited by light.
Melatonin release is stimulated by darkness and inhibited by light.
Melatonin release, a hormone that plays a critical role in regulating the sleep-wake cycle, is influenced by environmental light conditions. It is stimulated by darkness and inhibited by light.
In the absence of light, particularly during the evening and nighttime, the pineal gland, located in the brain, is stimulated to produce and release melatonin. This surge in melatonin levels helps signal to the body that it's time to prepare for sleep.
Conversely, exposure to light, especially in the morning and daytime, suppresses melatonin production. The pineal gland receives signals from the eyes regarding ambient light levels, which in turn helps regulate the body's circadian rhythm. This light-dependent control of melatonin secretion supports alertness and wakefulness during daylight hours.
Learn more about Melatonin here:
brainly.com/question/15412684
#SPJ12
Of the six categories of nutrients, which three produce energy when they're consumed?
A. Lipids, vitamins, and proteins
B. Proteins, lipids, and minerals
C. Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
D. Minerals, carbohydrates, and proteins
When the archer releases the arrow, the energy in the bow string transforms into
energy for the arrow.
How can lcia help with the development of green chemistry solutions?
LCIA can assess environmental impact and help chemists develop green chemistry solutions by evaluating sustainability and environmental performance.
Explanation:LCIA (Life Cycle Impact Assessment) can help with the development of green chemistry solutions by assessing the environmental impact of different chemical processes throughout their life cycle. LCIA is a tool used to quantify and compare the potential environmental impacts of chemical processes, considering factors such as energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, waste generation, and use of hazardous substances. By using LCIA, chemists can evaluate the sustainability and environmental performance of different chemistry solutions, and make informed decisions to develop greener and more efficient processes.
Learn more about LCIA and Green Chemistry here:https://brainly.com/question/31845808
#SPJ11