Given a set S = {a1, a2, ..., an} of positive integers (denoting asset values), Set partitioning requires to partition S into two subsets S1 and S2 that minimizes the difference in the total (asset) values of S1 and S2. Identify a dynamic programming (DP) algorithm for the Set partition problem. Clarify all relevant details, justifying the DP formulation, and analyze your time-complexity. Illustrate the working of your DP algorithm, partitioning this example set S = {10, 6, 4, 4, 4, 3}
Answers
Answer:
See the pictures attached
Explanation:
Related Questions
Write a class Battery that models a rechargeable battery. A battery has capacity (instance variable) which can be drained. Capacity is a double value measured in milliampere hours (mAh) java
Answers
A battery has capacity (instance variable) which can be drained. Capacity is a double value measured in milliampere hours (mAh) -A typical AA battery has a capacity of 2000 to 3000 mAh
Explanation:
public class Battery
{
private double fullCharge;
private double batteryCapacity;
public Battery(doublecapacity)
{
battery Capacity = capacity;
full Charge = capacity;
}
public void drain(double amount)
{
battery Capacity = battery Capacity - amount;
}
public void charge()
{
battery Capacity = fullCharge;
}
public double get RemainingCapacity()
{
return battery Capacity;
}
}
Scanner can be used to read tokens from a String literal Scanner can be used to read tokens from the console window (user input) Scanner can be used to read tokens from a file Scanner can be used to print tokens to the screen
Answers
Answer:
Scanner can be used to read tokens from the console window (user input)
Explanation:
Scanner is a class used in some programming languages to obtain inputs from users.
It is mostly well developed in Java programming language and used exclusively for taking and obtaining inputs.
Scanner takes input in primitive types such as doubles, floats and integers. IT also takes string inputs.
Here is a code snippet where the class scanner is used:
Scanner input = new Scanner (System.in)
The code above creates an object of the scanner class
(1) Create a new class called SavingsAccount that extends BankAccount.(2) It should contain an instance variable called rate that represents the annual interest rate. Set it equal to 2.5%.(3) It should also have an instance variable called savingsNumber, initialized to 0. In this bank, you have one account number, but can have several savings accounts with that same number. Each individual savings account is identified by the number following a dash. For example, 100001-0 is the first savings account you open, 100001-1 would be another savings account that is still part of your same account. This is so that you can keep some funds separate from the others, like a Christmas club account.(4) An instance variable called accountNumber that will hide the accountNumber from the superclass, should also be in this class.(5) Write a constructor that takes a name and an initial balance as parameters and calls the constructor for the superclass. It should initialize accountNumber to be the current value in the superclass accountNumber (the hidden instance variable) concatenated with a hyphen and then the savingsNumber.(6) Write a method called postInterest that has no parameters and returns no value. This method will calculate one month
Answers
The answer & explanation for this question is given in the attachment below.
Final answer:
A SavingsAccount class extends a BankAccount with specific features like an annual interest rate and separate savings numbers for different funds under one account number. It includes a postInterest method that calculates and deposits monthly interest.
Explanation:
To create a new class called SavingsAccount that extends BankAccount, you must first understand the basics of inheritance in object-oriented programming. Inheriting from the BankAccount class allows the SavingsAccount class to use its methods and properties. Additionally, a SavingsAccount has specific features such as an annual interest rate and the ability to have multiple savings numbers under one account number to keep funds separate for different purposes, like a Christmas club account.
Here is an example of how you might define such a class:
public class SavingsAccount extends BankAccount {
private double rate = 2.5;
private int savingsNumber = 0;
private String accountNumber;
public SavingsAccount(String name, double initialBalance) {
super(name, initialBalance);
this.accountNumber = super.getAccountNumber() + "-" + savingsNumber;
}
public void postInterest() {
double monthlyInterest = getBalance() * (rate / 12) / 100;
deposit(monthlyInterest);
}
// Additional methods and constructors can be added here
}
The postInterest method calculates one month's interest using the annual rate and then deposits it into the account, thereby compounding monthly.
Write a function called committee to compute the number of ways of forming a single committee with r members from a collection of n people. This is the same as computing the number of ways of choosing r people out of n to sit at the first of two tables, and is therefore n! / (r!*(n-r)!). Make sure the function returns an integer, not a floating point number with a decimal point.
Answers
Answer:
This program is written in C++. The explanation of the code is given below in the explanation section.
Explanation:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
//factorial calculation
int fact(int n) {
if (n == 0 || n == 1)
return 1;
else
return n * fact(n - 1);
}
int main() {
int n, r, comb; /* n represent number of people (population), r represent the number of selection from population and combination represent number of ways or combination */
cout<<"Enter n : ";// prompt user to enter population i.e. total number of people
cin>>n;//store into n
cout<<"\nEnter r : ";//prompt user to enter number of selection from population
cin>>r;
comb = fact(n) / (fact(r) * fact(n-r));// calcuate combination- number of differnt ways to form a committe
cout << "\nCombination : " << comb; //show the result
return 0;
}
Write a program named ArrayDemo that stores an array of 10 integers. (Note that the array is created for you and does not need to be changed.) Until the user enters a sentinel value, allow the user four options: (1) to view the list in order from the first to last position in the stored array (2) to view the list in order from the last to first position (3) to choose a specific position to view (4) to quit the application.
Answers
Answer:
Hi Zoom! Good question. This is particularly useful for learning sorting functions in arrays and user input handling as well. Please find the implementation below.
Explanation:
I have implemented the code in Python 2+. You can save the below code into a file called ArrayDemo.py and then run it from the command line with the command "python ArrayDemo.py". I have declared the demo_array in the code to an array of 10 unsorted integer values to test this. You can change the code if needed to have this array input by user as well and it should work fine.
Note: if you're using Python 3+ then you'll need to change the "raw_input" in the code to just "input" to make it work.
ArrayDemo.py
demo_array = [2,1,3,4,5,7,6,8,10,9]
option = 0
while (option != 4):
option = raw_input("Enter 1 to view list in ascending order, 2 to view list in descending order, 3 to choose specific poisition to view, 4 to quit the application: ")
try:
option = int(option)
if option == 1:
sort_by = 'asc'
print(sorted(demo_array, reverse=False))
elif option == 2:
sort_by = 'desc'
print(sorted(demo_array, reverse=True))
elif option == 3:
position = raw_input("Enter specific position to view (0-9): ")
try:
position = int(position)
if position < 0 or position > 9:
print("Position does not exist")
else:
print(demo_array[position])
except ValueError:
print("Position does not exist!")
elif option == 4:
break
else:
break
except ValueError:
print("Invalid input!")
public class Robot
{
public Robot() { System.out.println("Tom Servo"); }
public Robot(String name) { System.out.println(name); }
}
public class Cyborg extends Robot
{
public Cyborg() { System.out.println("Robocop");
public Cyborg(String name) { System.out.println(name);
}
public class Cyberman extends Cyborg
{
public Cyberman() { super(); System.out.println("Cyberman"); }
public Cyberman(String name) { super(name); System.out.println(name);
}
Given the class hierarchy above, what output would be generated with the following statement: Cyberman one = new Cyberman("Bob");
Answers
Answer:
Tom Servo
Bob (prints inside Cyborg constructor)
Bob (prints inside Cyberman constructor)
Explanation:
The above type of inheritance is multilevel inheritance where Robot is super class and Cyborg and Cyberman are sub classes.
So in above statement
Cyberman one = new Cyberman("Bob"); it calls the Cyberman(String name) in which super(name) calls Cyborg(String name) but before executing the body inside Cyborg constructor it first calls super class default constructor (i.e., Robot()) so the output of the above statement is
Tom Servo
Bob (prints inside Cyborg constructor)
Bob (prints inside Cyberman constructor)
// This program accepts any number of purchase prices// and computes state sales tax as 6% of the value// and city sales tax as 2% of the value// Modify the program so that the user enters// the two tax rates// at the start of the programstartDeclarationsnum pricenum STATE_TAX_RATE = 0.06num CITY_TAX_RATE = 0.02num totalTaxnum totalstartUp()while price not equal to 0mainLoop()endwhilefinishUp()stopstartUp()output "Enter a price or 0 to quit"input pricereturnmainLoop()totalTax = price * STATE_TAX_RATE + price * CITY_TAX_RATEtotal = price + totalTaxoutput "Price is " , price, " and total tax is ", totalTaxoutput "Total is ", totaloutput "Enter a price or 0 to quit"input pricereturnfinishUp()output "End of program"return
Answers
Answer:
Hi there! This is a good question that tests the basics of loops and user input as well as constants and methods. For the sake of simplicity, I have implemented the program in Python. Please find the implementation of this answer below.
Explanation:
Simply save the below code in a file called sales_tax_value.py and run it with python 2.0. If using Python 3.0 + then you'll need to change the line:
"price = raw_input("Enter a price or 0 to quit: ");"
to
"price = input("Enter a price or 0 to quit: ");
sales_tax_value.py
def calculate_total(price):
totalTax = price * STATE_TAX_RATE + price * CITY_TAX_RATE;
total = price + totalTax;
return total;
pricenum = -1;
price = pricenum;
STATE_TAX_RATE = 0.06;
CITY_TAX_RATE = 0.02;
while price != 0:
price = raw_input("Enter a price or 0 to quit: ");
try:
price = int(price);
print(calculate_total(price));
except ValueError:
print("Invalid input!");
price = -1;
Question:
// This program accepts any number of purchase prices
// and computes state sales tax as 6% of the value
// and city sales tax as 2% of the value
//Modify the program so that the user enters
// the two tax rates
// at the start of the program
start
Declarations
num price
num STATE_TAX_RATE = 0.06
num CITY_TAX_RATE = 0.02
num totalTax
num total
startUp()
while price not equal to 0
mainLoop()
endwhile
finishUp()
stopstartUp()
output "Enter a price or 0 to quit"
input price
returnmain
Loop()
totalTax = price * STATE_TAX_RATE + price * CITY_TAX_RATE
total = price + totalTax
output "Price is " , price, " and total tax is ", totalTaxoutput "Total is ", total
output "Enter a price or 0 to quit"
input price
return finishUp()
output "End of program"
return
Answer
Modified Program below
// This program accepts any number of purchase prices
// and computes state sales tax as 6% of the value
// and city sales tax as 2% of the value
//Modify the program so that the user enters
// the two tax rates
// at the start of the program
start
Declarations
num price
num STATE_TAX_RATE
num CITY_TAX_RATE
num totalTax
num total
input STATE_TAX_RATE
input CITY_TAX_RATE
startUp()
while price not equal to 0
mainLoop()
endwhile
finishUp()
stopstartUp()
output "Enter a price or 0 to quit"
input price
returnmain
Loop()
totalTax = price * STATE_TAX_RATE + price * CITY_TAX_RATE
total = price + totalTax
output "Price is " , price, " and total tax is ", totalTaxoutput "Total is ", total
output "Enter a price or 0 to quit"
input price
return finishUp()
output "End of program"
return
A bug was discovered in Canvas where the website crashes if 2 or more students are writing a discussion post at the same time. It's the weekend and Canvas support is unavailable. The entire class needs to submit a discussion post but the system keeps crashing. Use your creativity and implement a system that ensures only one student is writing a discussion post at any given time. Describe in detail which tools, communication methods, and safeguards are used to ensure the following:
Guarantee mutual exclusion: Only one student may be writing in canvas at any given time.
Prevent lockout: A student not attempting to write a post must not prevent other students from writing a post.
Prevent starvation: A student must not be able to repeatedly come back and edit their post while other students are waiting to write.
Prevent deadlock: Multiple students trying to write a post at the same time must not block each other indefinitely.
Answers
Final answer:
To ensure exclusive writing in Canvas, a system can be implemented using locks, semaphores, timeouts, fair scheduling, and a deadlock prevention mechanism.
Explanation:
In order to ensure mutual exclusion when writing a discussion post in Canvas, a system utilizing locks and semaphores can be implemented. Each student attempting to write a post will need to acquire a lock, and only one lock is available at a time, preventing multiple students from writing simultaneously.
To prevent lockout, a timeout period can be set. If a student doesn't actively write for a certain duration, their lock is released, allowing other students to access the system.
To prevent starvation, a fair scheduling algorithm can be employed to ensure that each student gets a turn to write without being able to monopolize the system. Additionally, to prevent deadlock, students could be required to release the lock if they are unable to write within a reasonable time frame.
ssume that the timeout values for all three protocols
are sufficiently long such that 5 consecutive data segments and their corresponding ACKs can be
received (if not lost in the channel) by the receiving host (B) and the sending host (A) respectively.
Suppose host A sends 5 data segments to host B, and the second segment (sent from A) is lost. In the
end, all 5 data segments have been correctly received by host B.
(a) How many segments has host A sent in total and how many ACKs has host B sent in total? What
are their sequence number? Answer this question for all three protocols.
(b) If the timeout values for all three protocols are much longer than 5 RTT, then which protocol
successfully delivers all five data segments in the shortest time interval?
Answers
Answer:
The explanation of the question is described in the section below.
Explanation:
(a)
Go Back N :
A gives in a maximum of 9 pieces. Typically they will be sent back sections 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and then re-sent segments 2, 3, 4 and 5.
B sends out 8 ACK's. They are 4 ACKS including 1 series and 4 ACKS with 2, 3, 4 and 5 series amounts.
Selective Repeat :
A sends in such max of 6 bits. Subsequently, segments 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and earlier re-sent Segments 2 will be sent.
B assigns five ACKs. We are 4our ACKS with numbers 1, 3, 4, 5. However there is one sequence quantity 2 ACK.
TCP :
A assigns in a total of 6 bits. Originally, segments 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and future re-sent Segments 2 have always been sent.
B sends five ACKs. There are 4 ACKS with either the number 2 series. There has been one ACK with a sequence of numbers 6. Remember that TCP always needs to send an ACK with a sequence number you anticipate.
(b)
This is although TCP utilizes convenient retransmission without searching for the time out.
So, it's the right answer.
Which of the following statements is false? Each class can define a constructor for custom object initialization. A constructor is a special member function that must have the same name as the class. C++ requires a constructor call for every object that’s created. A constructor cannot specify parameters.
Answers
Answer:
a. Each class can define a constructor for custom object initialization : This is True
b. A constructor is a special member function that must have the same name as the class : This is True
c. C++ requires a constructor call for every object that's created : This is True
d. A constructor cannot specify parameters : This is False
Explanation
a. The name of its string instance variable is initialized to null by default, when an object of class account is created, .
b. Constructors often have the same name as the class been declared. They have the duty of initializing the object's data members and also of establishing the invariant of the class.
c. C++ absolutely generates a default copy constructor which calls the copy constructors for all member variables and all base classes, except the programmer provides one, directly deletes the copy constructor (in order to avoid cloning) or one of the base classes or member variables copy constructor is deleted or not accessible (private).
d. When an object is created, each class declared optionally provides a constructor with parameters which would be used to initialize an object of a class. Thus, in order for fields to be initialized in the object at the time of creation, constructors need to specify parameters.
Therefore, the last statement is false
The statement that cannot be considered as true statement in this question is D:A constructor cannot specify parameters.
Option is right, because it is very possible for each class to define a constructor for custom object initialization.Option B, is also correct, because there should be the same name for both constructor which is regarded as special member function and the class. Option C is correct, because for every created object, there must be a constructor call for C++ .Therefore, option D is correct.
Learn more at,:
https://brainly.com/question/14903295?referrer=searchResults
Write a C program to multiply matrix A and matrix B of variable. For both A and B, the size of the matrix will be given along with the entries of the matrix in two input files, inA.txt and inB.txt. The first line of the input file will contain the number of rows followed by the number of columns of the matrix. The entries of the matrix are listed on the next line in row-major order. Print the output matrix C to outC.txt in the same format as input files. Be sure to include comments in your code.
Answers
Answer:
Code:
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <cctype>
#include <cmath>
#include <vector>
#include <float.h>
using namespace std;
typedef vector<vector<double> > C2DArray;
void Matrix_Mult(bool* error_flag, const int mRows, const int nCols, const int pCols, const C2DArray A_Matrix, const C2DArray B_Matrix, C2DArray& C_Matrix) {
int i = A_Matrix.size(), j = A_Matrix[0].size(), k = B_Matrix[0].size();
double dummy;
if ((j != B_Matrix.size()) || (i != mRows) || (j != nCols) || (k != pCols)) *error_flag = true;
if ((C_Matrix.size() != i) || (k != C_Matrix[0].size())) *error_flag = true;
if (!(*error_flag)){
for (k = 0; k < mRows; k++) { // Do each row of A with each column of B
for (i = 0; i < pCols; i++) {
dummy = 0.0;
for (j = 0; j < nCols; j++) {
dummy += A_Matrix[k][j]*B_Matrix[j][i];
} // End for j
C_Matrix[k][i] = dummy;
} // End for i
} // End for k
}
return;
} // End Matrix_Mult
int main()
{char rflag = 0; //Readiness flag
cout << " Mat_Mul1 (7 June 2013)\n";
cout << "=========================================================================== \n";
cout << "This program multiplies two matrices, [A] and [B]: [A][B] = [C].\n";
cout << "[A] is M X N, [B] is N X P, and [C] is M X P\n";
cout << "The dimensions of the [A] and [B] matrices, M, N, and P, should \n";
cout << "have been saved beforehand in a file named mulmatdat.\n";
cout << "mulmatdat should be in the same folder as the Mat_Mul1 executable.\n";
cout << "The next values of mulmatdat should be the entries for matrix [A],\n";
cout << "with data for row 1 first, then row 2, then row 3, etc.\n";
cout << "The entries for the [B] matrix should follow, in the same order.\n";
cout << "\nThe data is assumed to be of type double. Variables used within this program\n";
cout << "are type double.\n";
cout << "\nThe output is written to the file mulmatout.txt.\n";
cout << "\nIs everything ready (are you ready to continue?)? If yes, Enter y. \n";
cout << "Otherwise Enter any other key. \n";
cin >> rflag;
if (toupper(rflag) == 'Y') {
C2DArray A, B, C; // A, B, and C Matrices
int i, j, mDim, nDim, pDim; // Array index variables and matrix dimensions
bool erFlag = false; // Error flag
ifstream in("mulmatdat.txt", ios::in);
if (!in) {
cout << "\nCannot open the input file.\n";
cout << "\nEnter any key to continue. \n";
cin >> rflag;
return 0;
}
in >> mDim >> nDim >> pDim; //Input the Matrices' dimensions from the file
if ((mDim < 1) || (nDim < 1) || (pDim < 1)){
cout << "\nInvalid dimension entered. Program terminated. \n";
cout << "\nEnter any key to continue. \n";
cin >> rflag;
in.close(); //Close the input file before terminating
return 0;
}
ofstream out("mulmatout.txt", ios::out);
if (!out) {
cout << "\nCannot open the output file. Program terminated.\n";
cout << "\nEnter any key to continue. \n";
cin >> rflag;
in.close(); //Close the input file before terminating
return 0;
}
// Beginning of try block, if vector re-sizing unsuccessful
try {
// Resize the arrays to the appropriate sizes
A.resize(mDim); // M rows
B.resize(nDim); // N rows
C.resize(mDim); // M rows
for (i = 0; i < mDim; i++){
A[i].resize(nDim); // M columns
C[i].resize(pDim); // P columns
} // End for i
for (i = 0; i < nDim; i++){
B[i].resize(pDim); // P columns
} // End for i
} // End of try block
catch (bad_alloc& xa) { // Catch block, for exceptions
in.close();
out.close();
cerr << "\nIn catch block, so an exception occurred: " << xa.what() << "\n";
cout << "\nEnter any key to continue. \n";
cin >> rflag;
return 0;
} // End of catch block
for (i = 0; i < mDim; i++){ //Input the A Matrix from the file
for (j = 0; j < nDim; j++){
in >> A[i][j];
}//End for j
}//End for i
for (i = 0; i < nDim; i++){ //Input the B Matrix from the file
for (j = 0; j < pDim; j++){
in >> B[i][j];
}//End for j
}//End for i
in.close(); //Close the input file
Matrix_Mult(&erFlag, mDim, nDim, pDim, A, B, C);
if (erFlag){
cout << "Inconsistent data sent to Matrix_Mult routine. Matrix multiplication NOT performed. Check data before running again.\n";
}
else {
out.precision(DBL_DIG);
out << "\nThe A matrix follows:\n";
out << "\n";
for (i = 0; i < mDim; i++){
for (j = 0; j < nDim; j++){
out << A[i][j] << " ";
} // End for j
out << "\n";
}//End for i
out << "\nThe B matrix follows:\n";
out << "\n";
for (i = 0; i < nDim; i++){
for (j = 0; j < pDim; j++){
out << B[i][j] << " ";
} // End for j
out << "\n";
}//End for i
out << "\nThe product matrix, C, follows:\n";
out << "\n";
for (i = 0; i < mDim; i++){
for (j = 0; j < pDim; j++){
out << C[i][j] << " ";
} // End for j
out << "\n";
}//End for i
cout << "\nDone! The solution is in the text file mulmatout.txt \n";
} // End else !erFlag
out.close();
}
else cout << "\nNot ready. Try again when ready with information. \n";
cout << "\nEnter any key to continue. \n";
cin >> rflag;
return 0;
}
2 – [4 pts] Imagine that you are an application developer. A new version of your operating system is released with several changes made to the transport layer protocols. Specifically, the algorithm for TCP has been changed from Tahoe to Reno. What changes must be made to your application to accommodate these changes?
Answers
Answer:
TCP convention is totally connection oriented, it searches for the information that was going in the system definitely and will guarantee an affirmation on the parcel sent, likewise if the uplayer convention is down, it won't permit to move the information, fundamentally it will guarantee there is no any bundle misfortune during the exchange.
~ However UDP is connectionless convention, there is no any affirmation business in UDP convention, it regularly utilized where not many datagram misfortune doesn't a make a difference. It was nearly a light gauge convention.
So underneath are sway we will confront, if TCP is expelled.
1. There will association foundation required in information move, so the application will work minimal quicker.
2. without appropriate information control and affirmations, there is gigantic possibility for information misfortune.
3. Presently the application needs to depend totally on UDP, since UDP doesn't has blockage control, the application will get clogged.
4. Likewise the communication with top layer convention will be a wreck, it won't look if the layers are down or not. so if any upper layer is down, consequently the information will stuck the system, can't capable arrive at the goal.
Explanation:
Switching to TCP Reno from Tahoe requires adapting to faster congestion recovery and retransmission strategies. Applications should adjust for improved throughput and handling of packet loss signals.
Switching the TCP algorithm from Tahoe to Reno in the operating system affects how your application interacts with the network, particularly in terms of congestion control and handling of packet loss. Here are the key changes you would need to consider and potentially address in your application:
1. Congestion Control Behavior: Reno TCP introduces Fast Recovery and Fast Retransmit mechanisms, which allow faster recovery from packet loss compared to Tahoe. Your application should be aware of these behaviors, especially in scenarios where it needs to manage large data transfers or real-time communications. It may need to adjust its own congestion control strategies or settings to optimize performance with Reno TCP.
2. Handling of Packet Loss: Reno TCP reacts differently to packet loss compared to Tahoe. Instead of immediately halving the congestion window (as Tahoe does), Reno enters Fast Recovery, retransmits the lost packet, and then adjusts its congestion window dynamically. Your application should be prepared for potentially different patterns of packet loss and recovery, which could affect application-level retransmission strategies or timeouts.
3. Performance Monitoring and Tuning: With the change to Reno TCP, monitoring and tuning network performance metrics becomes crucial. Your application may need to adapt its monitoring mechanisms to track parameters specific to Reno's congestion control algorithms, such as congestion window size, packet retransmission rates, and round-trip time estimates.
4. Compatibility and Testing: Ensure compatibility with both Tahoe and Reno TCP variants during transitional periods. Your application should be able to gracefully handle connections with both types of TCP algorithms to support users who have not yet upgraded their operating systems.
5.Documentation and User Communication: Update documentation and inform users about any changes in network behavior or performance optimizations that may result from switching to Reno TCP. Provide guidance on configuring your application to leverage Reno's improvements effectively.
By considering these factors and making necessary adjustments in your application, you can ensure optimal performance and compatibility with the new Reno TCP algorithm introduced in the operating system update.
What is the value of the cost variable after the following code snippet is executed? int cost = 82; if (cost < 100) { cost = cost + 10; } if (cost > 50) { cost = cost * 2; } if (cost < 100) { cost = cost - 20; }
Answers
Answer:
184
Explanation:
Given the codes
int cost = 82; if (cost < 100) { cost = cost + 10; } if (cost > 50) { cost = cost * 2; } if (cost < 100) { cost = cost - 20; }The initial value of cost is 82.
The if condition in Line 3 will pass and therefore cost = 82 + 10 = 92
The if condition in Line 8 will pass and therefore cost = 92 * 2 = 184
The if condition in Line 13 will fail l and therefore the if block will be skipped.
At last, the we get cost = 184.
When you double-click a file, it will automatically open the Application for that file type.
Question 10 options:
True
False
Answers
Answer: true
Explanation:
Double-clicking which is the act of pressing a computer mouse button twice quickly without moving the mouse allows two different actions to be associated with the same mouse button. It was developed by Bill Atkinson of Apple Computer, Double-clicking executes the function associated with that objec and also opens the application on which you double clicked.
A foreign exchange student brought his desktop computer from his home in Europe to the United States. He brought a power adapter so that the power cord would plug into the power outlet. He tried turning on his computer, but it wouldn't power on. What is likely the problem
Answers
Answer:
Desktop computer is probably single-voltage
Explanation:
The problem is most likely as a result of voltage difference. He have to get a dual-voltage switch that can accept both 110-120V and 220-240V. As the voltage of the the United States will most likely be different from the voltage in his home country. Or get a power adapter (single voltage) that suits the voltage of the US.
In number theory, a perfect number is a positive integer that is equal to the sum of its proper positive divisors, that is, the sum of its positive divisors excluding the number itself (also known as its aliquot sum). Equivalently, a perfect number is a number that is half the sum of all of its positive divisors (including itself). Write a Python3 program to check if a user-entered number is a perfect number or not. Use exception handling to handle invalid inputs.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
def the_perfect(n):
try: #exception handling if n is a negative number
n > 0
except: #return -1 if the error is reached
return -1
else:
total = 0
for i in range(1, n): #for loop from 1 to the target number
if n % i == 0:
total += i
return total == n #should return true if number is perfect number
print(perfect_number(8))
Write a Python program to replace at most 2 occurrences of space, comma, or dot with a colon. Hint: use re.sub(regex, "newtext", string, number_of_occurences)
Answers
Explanation:
The "re" module in python provides various functions to perform complex string operations easily.
For example, you can check whether a specific word exists in a given string or to replace it with some other word.
Some of the functions in the re module are:
re.findall
re.search
re.sub()
We are particularly interested in the re.sub() function, we can use this function to replace the occurrences of space, coma or dot with semicolon.
Syntax:
re.sub(pattern, replace, target_string, n).
Where pattern = space, coma or dot
replace = semicolon
target_string = any string containing spaces, coma and dots
n = number of times you want the replacement to be done
Code:
import re
target_string = "Hello world,code,code."
replace = ":"
pattern = "[ ,.]"
print(target_string)
print(re.sub(pattern, replace, target_string, 2) )
Output:
Hello world,code,code.
Hello:world:code,code.
It replaced the first white space and coma with semicolon, if we increase the n to 4 then the output is
Hello:world:code:code:
As expected, it replaced all of the space, coma, and dots with semicolons.
Final answer:
The solution is to write a Python program that replaces up to two occurrences of spaces, commas, or dots with colons using the 're.sub()' function from the 're' module.
Explanation:
The question involves writing a Python program using the module re to perform a substitution on a string. The task is to replace at most 2 occurrences of a space, comma, or dot with a colon. Here is an example of how to do this using the re.sub() function:
import re
def replace_characters(text):
# The regex pattern matches a space, comma, or dot
pattern = '[ ,.]'
# This will replace at most 2 occurrences of the pattern with a colon
result = re.sub(pattern, ':', text, 2)
return result
# Example usage
input_text = "This is a sentence. With spaces, and commas."
output_text = replace_characters(input_text)
print(output_text)
This program will output "This:is:a sentence. With spaces, and commas." after replacing the first two occurrences of the matched characters with colons.
Write a program numbers.cpp that defines a function bool isDivisibleBy(int n, int d); If n is divisible by d, the function should return true, otherwise return false. For example: isDivisibleBy(100, 25)
Answers
Answer:
bool isDivisibleBy(int n, int d){ if(n % d == 0){ return true; } else{ return false; }}Explanation:
To check if n is divisible by d, we can use modulus operator such as %. If n % d equal to 0, this means n is divisible by d. Modulus operator is to calculate the remainder obtained from a division. If a number is divisible by another number, the remainder will be 0.
By making use of this concept we can create if and else statement to check if n % d is equal to 0, return true (divisible) else return false (not divisible).
Answer:
Here is the function in Python:
def isDivisibleBy(n,d):
if(n%d)==0:
return True;
else:
return False;
Explanation:
Lets see how this works. You can call this function in main program to check if this function isDivisibleBy() works properly.
if(isDivisibleBy(8,2)==True):
print("It is divisible")
else:
print(" It is not divisible")
Now the bool function isDivisibleBy() takes two arguments, n and d. bool function returns either true or false. If the number in n is divisible by d the function returns true otherwise it returns false. The number n is completely divisible by d when the remainder of this division is 0. So modulus operator is used to check if n is completely divisible by d.
In main program if condition is used which calls the isDivisibleBy() function and checks if the function returns true. The function is passed two values 8 and 2 where 8 is n and 2 is d. If this condition evaluates to true then the message displayed in output is: It is divisible. When the if condition evaluates to false the messages displayed in output is: It is not divisible.
The program along with its output is attached in the screen shot.
Multidimensional arrays can be stored in row major order, as in C , or in column major order, as in Fortran. Develop the access functions for both of these arrangements for three-dimensional arrays.
Answers
Answer:
Access functions explained below
Explanation:
Access functions for Three Dimensional Arrays:
Let M, N and P refer to the size of the 1st 2nd and 3rd dimensions respectively.
Element_Size is the memory size the array element.
Generic access functions for Row Major:
If character data is used then Element_Size is 1.
For i=0 to P do
For i=0 to N do
For i=0 to M do
Address_of _array[i, j, k] = address_of_array[0,0,0] + (i * P + j * N + k) * Element_Size
Store data into the Address_of _array[i, j, k]
Or
Display data from Address_of _array[i, j, k]
end
end
end
Generic access function for Column Major:
if For i=0 to M do
For i=0 to N do
For i=0 to P do
Address_of _array[i, j, k] = address_of_array[0,0,0] + (i * M + j * N + k) * Element_Size
Store data into the Address_of _array[i, j, k]
Or
Display data from Address_of _array[i, j, k]
end
end
end
Suppose you were assigned to develop a logical model of the registration system at a school or college. Would you be better off using a top-down approach, or would a bottom-up strategy be better
Answers
Answer:
top down approach
Explanation:
Top down approach is process of breaking down system into sub-system which helps in formulating the overall system. At the end every sub system can be refined with more details.
While bottom up approach is process of gathering systems to design large complex system.
Top down is better as basic information is present and resources can be utilized effectively without impacting maintennance and operations.
Final answer:
Choosing between a top-down approach and a bottom-up approach for developing a school registration system depends on the project goals and context. A top-down approach is hierarchically structured and policy-driven, while a bottom-up approach focuses on detailed, user-centric components. A hybrid approach may offer the best of both methodologies.
Explanation:
When developing a logical model of a registration system at a school or college, choosing between a top-down approach and a bottom-up approach depends on the specific context and goals of the project. A top-down approach generally starts with defining the high-level processes and structures of the system based on the policies and requirements of the institution. It is methodical, following a hierarchical path from the general to the specific, which can be beneficial when there are clear objectives and standards to adhere to.
On the other hand, a bottom-up approach builds the system from the lowest level of detailed requirements, often focusing on user needs and individual system components before integrating them into the full model. This can be advantageous when needing to understand complex details from the outset or when user feedback is critical in shaping the system's functionality.
In the implementation phase of a policy process, one might consider elements from both strategies. For example, important federal policies might require adherence to regulations (top-down), but the practical and on-the-ground impact of policies might be best understood by considering local circumstances (bottom-up). Thus, developing a registration system could potentially benefit from a hybrid approach, combining the structured, policy-driven aspects of the top-down method with the detailed, user-driven focus of the bottom-up method.
The actual methods used to protect against data loss are __________ controls, but the program that identifies which data to protect is a ___________ control.
Answers
Answer:
The actual methods used to protect against data loss are Technical controls, but the program that identifies which data to protect is a Procedural control.
Explanation:
In technical control, different software has been installed and protocols has been deployed to avoid any data loss in network security. As all the devices and protocols that we need while installing a network needs technical support. This is the reason, these things are called technical control of the system.
Another control in network security is procedural control. In this type of control it has been identified that, which data should be protected or which data should not be accessed to unauthorized users. This is called procedural control.
g Write a program that prompts the user to enter two integers. The program outputs how many numbers are multiples of 3 and how many numbers are multiples of 5 between the two integers (inclusive).
Answers
Final answer:
The question involves writing a program in C++ and Python that counts multiples of 3 and 5 between two user-entered integers. Examples of both a C++ and Python program are provided, demonstrating how to prompt for input and calculate the counts.
Explanation:
Counting Multiples in C++ and Python:
A program that counts multiples of 3 and 5 between two integers can be written in multiple programming languages. Below are examples in both C++ and Python that accomplish the task. Both programs prompt the user for two integers and then iterate through the range, counting the numbers that are multiples of 3 and 5, respectively.
C++ Program
#include
using namespace std;
int main() {
int start, end, count3 = 0, count5 = 0;
cout << "Enter two integers: ";
cin >> start >> end;
for (int i = start; i <= end; ++i) {
if (i % 3 == 0) count3++;
if (i % 5 == 0) count5++;
}
cout << "Multiples of 3: " << count3 << endl;
cout << "Multiples of 5: " << count5 << endl;
return 0;
}
Python Program
start = int(input("Enter the first integer: "))
end = int(input("Enter the second integer: "))
count3 = len([i for i in range(start, end+1) if i % 3 == 0])
count5 = len([i for i in range(start, end+1) if i % 5 == 0])
print(f"Multiples of 3: {count3}")
print(f"Multiples of 5: {count5}")
Final answer:
To solve this problem, you can write a program that prompts the user to enter two integers and then displays the number of multiples of 3 and 5 between those two integers.
Explanation:
To solve this problem, you can use a loop to iterate through each number between the two integers provided by the user. Within the loop, you can check if a number is a multiple of 3 or 5 by using the modulus operator (%). If the remainder of dividing the number by 3 is 0, then it is a multiple of 3. If the remainder of dividing the number by 5 is 0, then it is a multiple of 5. You can keep track of the count of multiples using two separate counters and display the results at the end.
Here's an example of how the program might look in Python:
num1 = int(input('Enter the first integer: '))num2 = int(input('Enter the second integer: '))
count_of_3_multiples = 0
count_of_5_multiples = 0
for num in range(num1, num2+1):
if num % 3 == 0:
count_of_3_multiples += 1
if num % 5 == 0:
count_of_5_multiples += 1
print('Number of multiples of 3:', count_of_3_multiples)
print('Number of multiples of 5:', count_of_5_multiples)
4. A computer with an IP address of 172.16.25.8 using a subnet mask of 255.255.255.224 pings an IP address of 172.16.25.52. Will 172.16.25.8 send the data packet to its gateway or will it send an ARP request broadcast for 172.16.25.52? Show your work and/or explain your answer.
Answers
Answer:
It will send ARP request broad cast because of security and pubilicity of data to the public.
You have been given the job of creating a new order processing system for the Yummy Fruit CompanyTM. The system reads pricing information for the various delicious varieties of fruit stocked by YFC, and then processes invoices from customers, determining the total amount for each invoice based on the type and quantity of fruit for each line item in the invoice. The program input starts with the pricing information. Each fruit price (single quantity) is specified on a single line, with the fruit name followed by the price. You can assume that each fruit name is a single word consisting of alphabetic characters (A–Z and a–z). You can also assume that prices will have exactly two decimal places after the decimal point. Fruit names and prices are separated by a single space character. The list of fruit prices is terminated by a single line consisting of the text END_PRICES. After the fruit prices, there will be one or more invoices. Each invoice consists of a series of line items. A line item is a fruit name followed by an integer quantity, with the fruit name and quantity separated by a single space. You can assume that no line item will specify a fruit name that is not specified in the fruit prices. Each invoice is terminated by a line consisting of the text END_INVOICE. As a special case, if a line with the text QUIT appears instead of the beginning of an invoice, the program should exit immediately. The overall input will always be terminated by a QUIT line. (5 points)
Answers
Answer:
Invoice.java
import java.util.*;
public class Invoice {
static final String endPrices = "END_PRICES";
static final String endInvoice = "END_INVOICE";
static final String quit = "QUIT";
public static void main(String... args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
//HashMap to store fruit name as key and price as value
Map<String, Float> fruits = new HashMap<>();
//Loop until input is not "END_PRICES"
while (true){
String input = sc.next();
//Come out of loop if input is "END_PRICES"
if(input.equals(endPrices))
break;
float price = Float.parseFloat(sc.next());
//add fruit to hash map
fruits.put(input, price);
}
//ArrayList to store total cost of each invoice
List<Float> totalList = new ArrayList<>();
Float total = 0f;
//loop until input becomes "QUIT"
while (true){
String input = sc.next();
//Break out of the loop if input is "QUIT"
if(input.equals(quit)){
break;
}
//Add total price of the invoice to array list and set total to "0f" to store total of next invoice
if(input.equals(endInvoice)){
totalList.add(total);
total = 0f;
continue;
}
int quantity = sc.nextInt();
total += (fruits.get(input)*quantity);
}
//Iterate through all objects in the total Array List and print them
Iterator itr = totalList.iterator();
while (itr.hasNext()){
System.out.printf("Total: %.2f \n", itr.next());
}
}
}
For a line segment, show that clipping against the top of the clipping rectangle can be done independently of the clipping against the other sides. Use this result to show that a clipper can be implemented as a pipeline of four simple clippers.
Answers
Final answer:
The answer explains the concept of clipping in geometry and how it relates to implementing clippers in a pipeline. It also discusses the proofs and theorems in geometry regarding segments, polygons, and constructions using straight-edge and transferer of segments.
Explanation:
Clipping against the top of the clipping rectangle can be done independently of the other sides due to the nature of line segments. This concept is essential in implementing a clipper as a pipeline of four simple clippers.
Proofs and theorems in geometry demonstrate the relationships and properties of segments, polygons, and shapes in a structured manner.
Understanding the construction using straight-edge and transferer of segments allows for solving a variety of geometrical problems by drawing straight lines and laying off segments.
Suppose that you need to access a data file named "students.txt" to hold student names and GPAs. If the user needs to look at the information in the file, which command could be used to open this file?
Answers
Answer:
f = open('students.txt', 'r')
Explanation:
In the computing world, a command is an instruction to a computer program to execute a particular task. These instructions might be issued via a command-line interface, such as a shell program, or as a input to a network service as a component of a network protocol, or can be instructed as an event in a graphical user interface activated by the respective user selecting an option in a menu.
the f = open('students.txt', 'r') command line would be used to open a file named "students.txt", There are also various other types of commands for executing different task, for example:
1. ASSOC for Fix File Associations
2. FC for File Compare
3. IPCONFIG for IP Configuration
4. NETSTAT for Network Statistics
5. PING for Send Test Packets
6. TRACERT for Trace Route
7. POWERCFG for Power Configuration
e.t.c.
Explain each of the three important concepts behind the Federal Networking Council's definition of the term Internet. Explain how each technology contributes to the functioning of the Internet today.
Answers
Answer:
The three important concepts in the Federal Networking Council's definition of the Internet are, namely;
Packet switchingThe TCP/IP communications protocolClient/server computingExplanation:
Packet switching involves the transfer of data which are grouped into different packets and then sent over a digital network to their respective destination. After the data are received at the destination site, they are then extracted and used by the application software.The transmission control protocol/internet protocol allows one computer to connect or communicate with another one through the internet. The internet protocol defines how to route and address each packet to ensure it gets to the right destination. The IP address of a particular device on a network is usually unique to that device.Client/server computing describes how a server provides services by taking requests from clients computers and sharing its resources with one or more computers.The important concepts in the Federal Networking Council's definition of the Internet include:
Packet switchingThe TCP/IP communications protocolClient/server computingIt should be noted that packet switching means the transfer of data that are grouped into different packets and then sent through a digital network to different destinations.
The TCP/IP communications protocol is important as it enables a computer to connect with another computer through the internet.
Lastly, client/server computing describes how a server is able to provide services by taking requests from client's computers and then sharing the resources with the computers.
In conclusion, packet switching, TCP/IP communications protocol, and client/server computing are important to the functioning of the internet.
Learn more about the internet on:
https://brainly.com/question/2780939
Briefly describe the interface between the memory and the processing unit. That is, describe the method by which the memory and the processing unit communicate.
Answers
Answer:
The memory and the processing unit communicate through the Memory Address Register (MAR) and the Memory Data Register (MDR).
Explanation:
Final answer:
The memory and processing unit in a computer communicates through the system bus, utilizing RAM for fast access to data. This interaction is optimized with techniques like caching and, when necessary, swapping to manage memory usage effectively.
Explanation:
The interface between the memory and the processing unit in a computer system facilitates communication and data exchange crucial for computational tasks. These two components communicate through a data pathway known as the system bus. This bus includes data lines for transferring data, address lines to specify where the data should be sent, and control lines to manage the timing and direction of data flow.
Random Access Memory (RAM) plays a pivotal role in this communication. When a process is initiated, data from the long-term storage (like a hard drive) is loaded into RAM, because RAM is much faster, though more expensive. The processing unit (CPU) then reads instructions and data directly from RAM, performs computations, and may write the results back to RAM or send them to output devices or long-term storage.
Another method to facilitate communication involves caching. CPU caches are small, faster memory locations that store copies of the data from frequently used main memory locations. These caches help reduce the time it takes for the CPU to access data from RAM, speeding up the computation process.
To manage and optimize memory use, operating systems may employ techniques like swapping, where data is moved back and forth between RAM and a hard drive, particularly when RAM is full. However, this can significantly slow down system performance due to the difference in speed between RAM and hard drives.
Another pitfall cited in Section 1.10 is expecting to improve the overall performance of a computer by improving only one aspect of the computer. Consider a computer running a program that requires 250 s, with 70 s spent executing FP instructions, 85 s executed L/S instructions, and 40 s spent executing branch instructions.
Answers
Answer:
note:
solution is attached in word form due to error in mathematical equation. furthermore i also attach Screenshot of solution in word due to different version of MS Office please find the attachment
2. When a process executes a TRAP or is interrupted, the operating system uses a separate stack located in memory unavailable to user processes to execute any operating system code rather than the stack of the current process. Why might operating systems designers select this type of implementation?
Answers
Answer:
See the pictures attached
Explanation: