Answer:
rational decision-making model
Explanation:
The rational decision-making model is a set of procedures and assessments that are followed by a person who wishes to make a correct weave over a certain factor.
These procedures seek to guide an individual not only to check a decision, but also help him to reach a goal by solving pertinent problems related to the decision that must be made. This is all done in an organized manner according to an order of conclusions that are presented in the most rational way possible.
In the question above, we have an example of the rational model of decision making, when the manager of a company, pressured to fire an employee, states that he reached a conclusion after issuing the following thoughts: "I first identified the problem, and then I gathered alternative solutions. I evaluated each choice and selected a solution. I then implemented my decision to not fire the employee but instead to provide him with additional training. Finally, I followed up with an evaluation of the solution I'd chosen. "
By the end of the third century BCE, Rome, Carthage, and Gaul had all began minting their own coins. How was this money economy related to Alexander’s conquests
Answer:
Economic management
Explanation:
We all know that Alexander was truely ¨the Great¨ for having succesfully conquered Asia Minor, Persia and India; little do we know of his superb economic management that allowed him to do so. Salary rates, supplies, taxes and indirect taxes, donations, loans and minting of coins all formed part of the military machine that made his military conquests possible.
The Romans, Carthaginians and the Celts of Gaul began to mint their coins after Alexander the Great made the practice widespread during his conquests.
When Alexander the Great conquered Persia:
He used Persian gold and silver to mint coins He used Greek symbols on these coins to spread Greek influence The coins were standardized across the empireAs a result of the efficiency and reach of his minting, other nations and peoples such as the Romans, Carthaginians and the Celts, began to copy his style and mint their own coins to reflect their own values.
In conclusion, the money economy described arose as a result of Alexander the Great's coin mastery.
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Mary Ellen, a PR executive at a Fortune 500 company, is tasked by her client to stop the practice of spraying oranges with a dangerous insecticide. She enlists the services of Google and Reddit to publish an online petition to gather signatures against this harmful practice. This is an example of ________.
Answer:
Agitation
Explanation:
Mary Ellen, a PR executive at a Fortune 500 company, is tasked by her client to stop the practice of spraying oranges with a dangerous insecticide. She enlists the services of Google and Reddit to publish an online petition to gather signatures against this harmful practice. This is an example of agitation.
Agitation is an act of stiring or setting something in motion, this is done by the emotional state of the person being agitated to perform a particual task in a particular situation , like Mary Ellen , that has a client that hates the pesticide so he or she stirs up the public using Google and Reddit to publish a letition against it.
Answer: Agitation.
Explanation:
One of the meanings of the word agitation, is to start up or ignite something. Mary Ellen is trying to draw awareness to the harmful practice done by her customers of spraying insecticides on oranges on display, she is trying to achieve this by creating an online petition which she believes would stop the act. The petition formed is a kind of agitation.
Onwuegbuzie et al. (1999) examined foreign language anxiety as a predictor of foreign language achievement. They performed a multiple-regression analysis and included other predictor variables including academic achievement, perceived scholastic competence, and perceived self-worth. They found â = -0.39 for foreign language anxiety. What does this mean?
People with lower levels of anxiety about learning a foreign language have higher levels of achievement in foreign language.
Answer:
People with lower levels of anxiety about learning a foreign language have higher levels of achievement in foreign language.
Answer:
People with lower levels of anxiety about learning a foreign language have higher levels of achievement in foreign language.
Explanation:
As you can see in the question above, a multiple regression analysis was used to explain anxiety in foreign languages as a predictor of success in foreign languages.
Multiple regression analysis is used whenever it is not possible to explain a phenomenon with just one variable. In the case of the question above, it was necessary to use predictive variables, including academic performance, perceived school competence and perceived self-worth.
In summary, this type of analysis allows a phenomenon to be explained by comparing several factors that influence the occurrence of that phenomenon. In the case of the question above, the value of the analysis was equal to -0.39, which allows us to conclude that people with lower levels of anxiety in learning a foreign language have higher levels of achievement in a foreign language.
Lana loves stickers and is given one every time she does her spelling homework, which has caused her performance to increase. After a month, the teacher stops giving her stickers. How is Lana's motivation to do her spelling homework likely to be affected
Answer: her motivation will decrease
Explanation: Lana motivation to do her spelling homework will decrease because the teacher has stopped giving her stickers, the stickers is her source of motivation for doing her homework. motivation is the reasons for acting or behaving in a particular way. The reason Lana is motivated to do her homework is no more in place therefore her motivation will consequently reduce.
Which of the following is an output of Project closure? a. Agreements Closure Procedure b. Administrative Closure Procedure c. Final Product, Service, or Result d. None of the above
Answer: C
Explanation:
Close Project is the process of giving finishing touches to every activities involved in the project. The key benefits of "close project" are that the project information is archived for future use, completion of the planned work and the release of organizational team resources to take part in new endeavors. The process can performed once or at every stage in the project.
An output of project closure is product, service, or result. Once the product or result has been achieved, it may be handed to a different group that will operate, support and maintain the product during its life cycle. The output is the final product, result or service that the project was meant to produce.
Final answer:
The output of project closure is 'c. Final Product, Service, or Result', which signifies the formal completion of the project and includes handing off deliverables and finalizing contracts.
Explanation:
The question is asking about the output of project closure. An output of project closure is c. Final Product, Service, or Result. The closing process group is crucial as it signals the formal completion of the project, ensuring that all deliverables have been handed off to the appropriate parties. It also includes the formal termination of contracts and communicates to the sponsor/client that the project is officially ending and there will be no additional charges, allowing for the reassignment of project staff and resources.
What destroyed the Roman colonies of Pompeii and Herculaneum in 79 C.E.? None of these answers is correct. The invasion of a foreign army Leprosy The eruption of a volcano A tidal wave
Answer:
The eruption of volcano
Explanation:
The volcano named Mount Vesuvius was one of the most dangerous volcanoes in the world and it was a stratovolcano which is characterized by the presence of steep slopes, and alternating layers of volcanic ashes and pyroclastic materials.
The city of Pompeii was located near to this volcano and was destructed when it violently erupted in 78 CE. A large number of pyroclastic materials, along with volcanic ashes, volcanic blocks and toxic gases were released from this volcano at the time of eruption, which covered the city making it up to 6 meters of thick ash beds killing numerous people.
Melissa is a college senior who knows that she likes working with people and is very good at writing and public speaking. However, she is not sure which organizations or positions to apply for upon graduation
Which of the following assessments is most appropriate to use with Melissa?
a. Super's Work Values Inventory-Revised
b. Self-Directed Search
c. Campbell Interest and Skills Survey
d. Career Maturity Inventory
Answer: a) Super's Work Values Inventory-Revised
Explanation:
Super's Work Values Inventory-Revised(SWVI-r) is the assessment that is sued for evaluating about 12 work values's importance in working and organization area.It helps in career planning and development of any person.
According to the question, Melissa should take up Super's Work Values Inventory-Revised test to evaluate about her career development and further planning
Other options are incorrect because self-directed research, career maturity inventory and Campbell- interest and skill survey are not the assessment that should be used on Melissa.Thus, the correct option is option(a).
Final answer:
The most appropriate assessment for Melissa is the Self-Directed Search, which is a self-report inventory that helps individuals explore their interests and match them to potential careers option B .
Explanation:
The most appropriate assessment to use with Melissa is the Self-Directed Search. This assessment is a self-report inventory that helps individuals explore their interests and match them to potential careers. It assesses one's personality traits, skills, and values, and provides a list of occupations that align with those characteristics. By taking the Self-Directed Search, Melissa can gain insights into her interests, which can guide her in finding organizations or positions that align with her strengths and preferences.
Carl and Sadie, who are neighbors, got into a disagreement about early-morning noise on the weekends. The two came to an agreement: Carl promised to not mow the lawn before 10 a.m., and Sadie promised to put bark collars on her dogs in the early morning hours. Their promises represent the ______ in their agreement.
Answer: Bilateral contract
Explanation:
Answer:
Consideration
Explanation:
Carl and Sadie, who are neighbors, got into a disagreement about early-morning noise on the weekends. The two came to an agreement: Carl promised to not mow the lawn before 10 a.m., and Sadie promised to put bark collars on her dogs in the early morning hours. Their promises represent the consideration in their agreement. Consideration in an agreement or contract is what the parties to the agreement stand to benefit from entering into the agreement, it is the benefit that is bargained between the parties involved in the agreement.
he conflicting results of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of aging and intelligence are of greatest relevance to the issue of stability or change. nature or nurture. continuity or stages. concrete or formal operational thought. assimilation or accommodation.
Answer:
stability or change.
Explanation:
Stability or change: The term "stability" refers to an individual's personality trait that is being present at the time of infancy and therefore it is being endured throughout an individual's life.
The term "change" refers to the fact that an individual's personality can be modified through interactions with his or her family, acculturation, and different experiences accompanied by friends or school.
In the question above, the given statement signifies stability and change.
Donna Hernandez has applied for the position of data systems operator in one of the federal governmental agencies. As part of the selection process, she takes a civil services examination that measures her existing knowledge and skills. This scenario exemplifies a(n) _____.
Question options:
A. achievement test
B. critical thinking test
C. aptitude test
D. psychometric test
E. judgement test
Answer:
A. achievement test
Explanation:
An achievement test is a test that is conducted to test the skill, accomplishment or knowledge level of an individual in a specific area or field of knowledge. Achievement tests are usually standardized and act as samples to determine if an individual has hit a particular knowledge achievement milestone such as the above example where Hernandez us tested to verify if she possesses the required knowledge and skills as is claimed.
Answer: achievement test
Explanation: An achievement test is designed to measure the degree of an individual's knowledge, accomplishment or skill in a specific field or that which has been acquired in a stated position or role.
An achievement test may be conducted in other to examine an individual's proficiency in a certain level or measure the individual's capability to move on to a higher level.
In the scenario above, the civil service examination was conducted as an achievement test to measure or examine the skill and knowledge of the applicant based on the role applied for.
The particular price that results in quantity supplied being equal to quantity demanded is the best price because it a. maximizes tax revenue for the government. b. minimizes the expenditure of buyers. c. maximizes the combined welfare of buyers and sellers. d. maximizes costs of the seller.
Answer: CORRECT ANSWER IS OPTION C (MAXIMIZED THE COMBINED WELFARE OF BUYERS AND SELLERS).
EXPLANATION:
The equilibrium price or market-clearing price is referred to as the price when the market is at equilibrium (or the same) i.e quantity demanded (the amount of the product that consumers is willing to buy) equals quantity supplied (i.e the amount of product the producers want to sell). Hence, the agreed quantity is termed as the equilibrium quantity.
Therefore, when there is equilibrium of supply and demand (i.e market equilibrium), it maximizes the total benefits to buyers and sellers participating in that market. Both the buyer and the seller gain at this market structure with no loss end.
The equilibrium price is the best price because it maximizes the combined welfare of buyers and sellers.
Explanation:The particular price that results in quantity supplied being equal to quantity demanded is known as the equilibrium price. This price is considered the best price because it maximizes the combined welfare of buyers and sellers. At the equilibrium price, buyers are able to purchase the quantity they desire without paying too much, and sellers are able to sell their goods at a price that covers their costs and allows for profit.
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Every weekend during the summer, Bradon's family has a party. They invite over lots of friends and spend time playing games, swimming, and eating barbecue. Now whenever Bradon smells someone cooking barbecue he notices that he feels happy. Identify the unconditioned stimulus.
Answer:
The answer is the family parties.
Explanation:
In classical conditioning, a conditioned stimulus (the smell of barbecue) is associated with an unrelated consequence, called unconditioned stimulus (the parties). This produces a reaction known as conditioned response (happiness).
It's important to recognise that unconditioned stimuli do not need a different stimulus to produce a response, but they can be paired with an unrelated object or situation in order to condition it.
Answer: Party with family and friends
Explanation:
Brandon's happiness in this case is not primarily tied alone to food but rather he enjoys the atmosphere of the fellowship the family shares when they hangout, when he views all this with the love and care shared and when meals are prepared they all make him joyous as the moments are memorable.
Pavlov's dog salivates each time he hears a bell. Now, however, after several trials of salivating to the bell and NOT receiving any food, the dog stops salivating. What happened?
Answer:
Lack of the stimulus the dog stops to respond.
Explanation:
This an example of the classical conditioning as the dog salivates each time he hears the bell and when the dog did not receive the food the condition was broken and no response was given by the dog.When members of a hospital council governing body solicit and receive assistance from architects on a building project, they could be convicted of __________.
Answer:
Kickbacks.
Explanation:
As per the given description, the members of the hospital council could be convicted under the charges of 'kickbacks' as they've been misappropriating the hospital funds to seek personal benefits(from the architects). 'Kickbacks' are basically described as 'a clandestine payment that is made in return for favor illegally. Therefore, the members of the hospital council are providing a proportion of hospital funds to the architects in return for personal favors from them. Thus, they could be sued and convicted against this 'kickback'.
The process in law-governed societies in which laws are known and understood and there is an ability to appeal to higher authorities to ensure that the laws are applied correctly is called:__________.
A) liability.
B) due process.C) the courts of appeal.
D) accountability.
Answer:
C) the courts of appeal.
Explanation:
The law covering the body that governs the laws in the societies where the laws are formed and are maintained with the is an ability to appeal to a higher authority to ensure. that the laws are applied correctly.Twelve-year-old Teetham spent the whole summer at camp. When he returned home, his parents were surprised that he was taller, more muscular, and that his voice had deepened. These physical changes are examples of which of the following?
a. secondary sex characteristics
b. puberty
c. primary sex characteristics
d. egocentrism
Answer:
Secondary Sex CharacteristicsExplanation:
secondary sex characteristics - For males, secondary characteristics include facial and chest hair, increased body hair, pelvic build (lack of rounded hips), upper body muscular build, and the ability to generate muscle mass at a faster rate than the female.
Teetham's increased height, muscle development, and deepened voice are secondary sexual characteristics that occur during puberty, marking his sexual maturation.
The physical changes observed in Teetham, such as increased height, muscular development, and the deepening of the voice, are indicative of puberty. These changes are collectively referred to as secondary sexual characteristics, which are signs of sexual maturation that do not directly involve the reproductive organs. Examples include the deepened voice and facial hair in boys and the development of breasts and hips in girls. These changes are contrasted with primary sexual characteristics, which are the body parts directly involved in reproduction, such as the testes in males and ovaries in females.
________ exists when an employer treats an individual differently because that individual is a member of a particular race, religion, gender, or ethnic group.
Answer:
adverse impact
Explanation:
is the effect of an unfair and biased selection procedure has on a protected class. It is found to exit when a protected group is discriminated during a selection process, like a hiring or promotion decision.
The term is 'discrimination'. It encompasses situations where employers treat individuals differently because of their race, religion, gender or ethnicity. It's a prevalent issue in labor markets despite laws against such practices.
Explanation:The term you're looking for is discrimination. Discrimination occurs when an employer treats an individual differently because that individual is a member of a particular race, religion, gender, or ethnic group. In the labor market, this kind of discrimination can manifest when employers pay workers with the same skill levels, as measured by education, experience, and expertise, different amounts because of their race, gender, religion, age, or disability status. An example of this is that in the United States, it has been historically observed that female workers on average earn less than male workers, and black workers on average earn less than white workers.
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 legally prohibits such discriminatory practices in the United States. However, despite these legal protections, these disparities persist, suggesting other factors like unconscious bias might be contributing to the issue. Addressing these disparities requires ongoing effort and the implementation of policies that not only require equal pay for equal work but also promote more equal educational outcomes.
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When exploring the respective influences of heredity and environment in contributing to mood disorders, many researchers compare the instances of the disorders among the biological and adoptive families of people who have bipolar disorder. What do these comparisons show
Answer:
These comparisons show: that the influence of heredity are stronger that those of environment.
Explanation:
This study of bipolar disorders has shown how heredity is a big factor that influence or that contribute to this disorders. Environment has not that much influence in comparison to the biological facts found in the history of the biological families.
Under the equal protection clause, what level of scrutiny would MOST likely be applied to a federal regulatory scheme such as motor vehicle licensing?
Answer:
The correct answer is : rational basis
Explanation:
It is the base condition level of review that a court can apply when engaging in judicial review. It is used to resolve constitutional quandaries and it determines whether a law is related to a legitimate government interest. It also permits seeing if the action violates the equal protection clause.
Shaquille is a professional basketball player. He never knows for sure which of his shots will result in a basket, but the more shots he takes the more baskets he makes. In this example, Shaquille's shooting is being reinforced on:_______.a. a fixed-ratio scheduleb. a fixed-interval schedulec. a variable-ratio scheduled. a variable-interval schedule
Answer:
The correct answer is letter c. a variable-ratio scheduled.
Explanation:
Psychologist B. F. Skinner developed operant conditioning, which is a method of teaching someone a desired behavior by reinforcing that behavior either positively or negatively. A positive reinforcer happens when something is added to increase the probability of a behavior. A negative one happens when something is removed to increase the probability of a behavior. The reinforcer is presented ONLY if the subject responds with the targeted behavior, but that does not mean every time the subject responds he will receive reinforcement.
A variable-ratio schedule is a schedule of reinforcement in which the person is not rewarded every time. As a matter a fact, behavior is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses. Because it is unpredictable, people are often more persistent, since they know they will eventually get the reward. That is the case with Shaquille. The basket is the reinforcement of his shots, but he does not know when he will make them. So he tries harder.
A 75-year-old male with a terminal illness has died at home. As you and your partner enter the residence, a family member becomes verbally abusive, pushes you, and states that you took too long to get there. You should:________.
Answer:
Retreat and notify law enforcement personnel.
Explanation:
As the exercise presents, the family member is most likely disturbed of the fact that they have just lost a loved one and some tend to take it out as anger by blaming the EMT or paramedic who went there to help. If they are as agressive as the exercise describes, the best option is to retreat and notify law enforcement personnel to help calm the waters.
Chance steals food to feed himself and his little brother because they are starving.
If another child hears about this and states, "Chance shouldn't steal because stealing is against the law," that child is in Kohlberg's _____ stage of moral development.
A) preconventional
B) premoral
C) postconventional
D) conventional
Answer: D- Conventional stage of moral development
Explanation:
Conventional stage of moral development refers to when a person's morality is tied to personal and societal relationships because the person believes that this is necessary for maintaining positive social relationships and orderliness.
The individual tends to have respect for social and family authority and will learn to conform to social and family rules so as to avoid social criticism.
They tend seeks approval from others. and please everyone around them.
For example
Chance steals food to feed himself and his little brother because they are starving Another child judging Chance stealing by saying it's against the law is is a conventional trait in moral development because the he/she feels stealing is against societal rules which he or she feels is wrong.
According to cognitive theorists, _____ is the process by which organisms make relatively permanent changes in the way they represent the environment because of experience.
Answer:
Learning
Explanation:
Cognitive theorists define learning as the process through which organisms make long lasting changes in the way they interpret the environment as a result of experience without necessarily changing behavior.
Learning is the act of modifying existing or acquiring new behavior, skills, knowledge, preferences or values. Animals and humans possess the ability to learn. Learning can be immediate or accumulation from experiences. Humans begin learning from birth and continue until they die.
Answer:
Learning
Explanation:
According to cognitive theorists, learning is the process by which organisms make relatively permanent changes in the way they represent the environment because of experience. Learning involves acquiring and implementing new knowledge and even modifying existing information. Learning is a life long process. There are four types of learning; visual aural, verbal and physical. Things can also be learnt by personal experiences.
Being abandoned by our friends is the cause of great sorrow for us:____________A . Our being abandoned by our friends is the cause of great sorrow.B. Being abandoned by our friends, we feel great sorrow. C. Abandoned by our friends, sorrow is the result.D. We feel great sorrow when our friends abandon us.
Answer:
D. We feel great sorrow when our friends abandon us.
Explanation:
Being abandoned by our friends leads us to feel great sorrow and can even lead to the phase of depression and an increase in the anxiety. It also can lead to the growth and development of negative emotions and feelings of stress due to lack of communication.Final answer:
The correct sentence structure that clearly expresses the cause-and-effect relationship about abandonment and sorrow is either "Our being abandoned by our friends is the cause of great sorrow" or "We feel great sorrow when our friends abandon us." These structures effectively convey the intended meaning without altering the original sentence's emphasis.
Explanation:
The inquiry from the student is about sentence construction and the emotional impact portrayed within different sentence structures. The correct sentence that maintains the cause-and-effect relationship originally expressed is, "Being abandoned by our friends is the cause of great sorrow for us." Of the given options, (A) is a nominalization of the original sentence, which properly maintains the cause-and-effect relationship as "Our being abandoned by our friends is the cause of great sorrow." Option (B) suggests the effect (feeling great sorrow) directly follows the cause (being abandoned by our friends), but slightly alters the emphasis from sorrow being the result to the experiential aspect of the sorrow. Option (C) personifies 'sorrow' which makes the sentence awkward, as sorrow cannot be abandoned. Lastly, option (D) restructures the sentence into a conditional format, which remains clear and correct in the cause-and-effect relation: "We feel great sorrow when our friends abandon us."
Without the guidance of the sociological imagination, we are tempted to attack all problems by focusing on ________. Group of answer choices the poor groups economics elites individuals
Option D
Without the guidance of the sociological imagination, we are tempted to attack all problems by focusing on individuals.
Explanation:
Without supervision from the sociological imagination, our individualistic preference drives us to handle individuals as the cause of problems. People regularly do execute inadequate choices. But the individualistic bias impedes us from realizing that some of our most critical problems are the consequence of social forces.
With such a short view, it's difficult to understand that unusual of our most serious problems are a consequence of social forces. If characters in society are concerned about the divorce rate and require to fix it, they must not concentrate on individuals; they must concentrate on the social arrangements that execute marriage complicated.
The role of the Senate in regard to treaties is to _________.
a. approve international treaties.
b. advise during negotiations.
c. have the president of the Senate sign the treaty.
d. negotiate the terms and conditions of the treaty.
Answer:
A. approve international treaties
The Senate has some duties they carry out. The role of the Senate in regard to treaties is to approve international treaties.
What is the role of the Senate in view of treaties?The Constitution is known to accord to the Senate the sole right to approve, through two-thirds vote, treaties that has been negotiated by the executive branch.
The Senate often do not ratify treaties. They are known to approves or rejects a resolution of ratification.
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Which test presents subjects with a series of ambiguous pictures and asks them to develop a spontaneous story for each picture, assuming they will project their own needs into the story?
Answer:
TAT
Explanation:The TAT test is a popular projective test used still today to inquire more about the subjective perceptions on dreams, feelings and wishes and desires as well as to uncover some hidden emotions or needs.
The key feature is that is assuming that a "neutral image" will trigger someone to explain according to the projections that reflect the inner stance of the person answering the test.
While the image itself may me ambiguos, it is this very key feature that makes the technique to make people provide a hypothesis for the things happening in the scenes and uncover their inner world.
Of course that the tool has been sometimes criticized for being poorly reliable on itself but it will generally be accompanied through other tests in order to provide better insight into someone s inner life-
An example is the image below, where a story will be constructed uniquely according to the projection of the test taker:
The asteroid 2008 AF4 has one chance in 21,000 of hitting the Earth between the years 2078 and 2100. The asteroid is 390 meters in diameter compared to 250 meters in diameter for Apophis. Assuming that an impact could cause the death of 30,000,000 people the average death rate for this type of event is approximately(A) 3000 people per event.(B) 500 people per event.(C) 1500 people per event.(D) 2000 people per event.(E) 2500 people per event.
Answer:
Correct option is
C) 1500 people per event
Explanation:
To find the rate, you will need to first divide the number of casualties by the number of events needed to produce an impact.
I.e Number of casualties / Number of events needed to produce an impact
= 30,000,000/21000 =
30000/21= 1429
Since 1429 is approximately 1500, it is the closest to the answer than any other option.
The correct answer is 1500 people per event.
Visualization and charting tools provide managers with an effective way to envision future talent needs, termed __________________. A. succession planning B. scheduling applications C. employee projections D. human capital adjustment E. FTE planning
Answer:
A. succession planning
Explanation:
A process of establishing and developing a new leader that is able or well capable in replacing old leaders when they are retiring or resigning to seek for better opportunities or incase of a death event.It increases the number of available employees which are ready to takeover these roles whom become available.
Which of the following is a possible reason to reject utilitarianism? 1. it does not take into account how one's actions might impact the world 2. it only focuses on one's egoistic self interest do 3. it quickly falls into speciesist thinking 4. all of the above 5. none of the above
Answer:
Number 1 is the right option
Explanation:
Utility doesn’t always matter, and isn’t the only thing that matters.
Utilitarianism says that utility, or happiness, is intrinsically valuable. It says, in fact, that utility is the only thing that is intrinsically valuable. But what does this mean? And how plausible is it? Does utility mean pleasure? Preference-satisfaction? Happiness in some broader, eudaimonistic sense? The more we start to think carefully about how many different things we might mean by “utility,” the less obvious it seems that any one of those things could really be the only thing that has intrinsic value.
the basic idea is that because utilitarianism focuses exclusively on maximizing total utility, it fails to take into consideration in the right sort of way the way in which utility is distributed among different persons. Most of you are probably familiar with the worry that utilitarianism sanctions injustice the slavery of the few, for example, so long as it benefits the many.
Utilitarianism can be rejected for potentially justifying actions that harm societal trust and long-term stability, despite seeking to maximize happiness for the greatest number.
Explanation:A possible reason to reject utilitarianism is that it does not fully account for the long-term impacts and trust within societal institutions. Utilitarianism is centrally concerned with maximizing happiness or pleasure for the greatest number of people; however, this goal can result in actions that conflict with ordinary moral standards, such as sacrificing an individual for the greater good. An example is a vigilantism that may save lives in the immediate term but undermine the security of society in the long run, or a legal system that convicts an innocent person to prevent riots, which ultimately decreases trust in the judicial system.