Answer:
the rise of the Andes Mountains
Explanation:
Geological studies in the area suggest that the Amazon River originated during the Miocene about 11.3-11.8 million years ago, first as a transcontinental river at a time when present-day South America and Africa were united in western Gondwana. It is believed that it flowed from east to west, and not the other way around.
The elevation of the land and the formation of the Andes towards the end of the Cretaceous, as a result of the clash between the Nazca plate and the South American plate, caused the body of water to become an inland sea that gradually acquired swampy characteristics . About 11 million years ago, water began to flow eastward to the lowlands due to the blockage of the flow caused by the Andes, and flowed into the ocean. Its current form dates back 2.4 million years ago.
What kind of natural disaster helps some forest communities by allowing some trees to release their seeds, by clearing away deadwood, and by encouraging new growth?
Answer:wild fires
Explanation:wild fires clear away dead grass and trees
You decide to study two species of birds, both of which form monogamous pairs (one male and one female). In species 1, the eggs in a pair's nest are almost always the offspring of that pair. In species 2, many of the eggs in a nest were actually fathered by males of neighboring pairs. Apparently, mating outside of monogamous pairings is widespread in species 2. What would be the logical prediction to make before comparing the testes size of males of the two species?
Answer:
B-Testes of species 2 are larger than testes of species 1.
Explanation:
Relatively bigger tests are associated with female and/or male promiscuity across a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate taxa.
Short 1979; Harcourt et al. 1981;
Two general theories to explain the interspecific difference in test size were proposed: 1) sperm competition (Parker 1970) and 2) sperm depletion (Short 1981). Data available suggest that sperm competition in the evolution of the size of avian testes may be a more important selective force than sperm depletion. As a result, species-specific test size data were used in comparative studies, particularly of birds, as a convenient and supposedly reliable index of sperm competition levels which further leads to bird promiscuity.
The dissolved materials in seawater are thought to originate from chemical weathering of rocks on the continents and also from ________.
a) benthonic.
b) plankton.
c) out-gassing of elements from Earth's interior.
Answer:
Option (C)
Explanation:
The out-gassing is usually defined as the process by which gases such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen are released during the release of pressure from the earth's molten rocks. This process takes place due to the increase in temperature. These gases are responsible for the formation of the atmosphere over millions of years.
Thus, the dissolved materials that are found in the seawater are mainly originated from the out-gassing of elements from the interior of the earth and also from the chemical weathering of rocks on the continents.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C).
At the time of the Civil War, the settlements of Anglo southerners in Texas did not extend west much beyond this geographic feature, which separates the Coastal Plains and pine forest regions of the state from the middle and High Plains regions.
Answer:
The answer is the Balcones Escarpment.
Explanation:
The Balcones Escarpment is a geologic fault zone several miles wide that extends in an arc right across Texas from Del Rio to the Red River. In Del Rio it is about 1,000 feet high, and where it extends from San Antonio to Austin where it is about 300 feet high to Waco. It is the Balcones that creates the Hill Country in Texas, and that marks the beginning of the Edwards Plateau and the High Plains beyond. The rich and fertile prairie land that was the foundation of the cotton industry runs up to this escarpment but it acts like a wall. Above that on the plateau the ground is hard and craggy, marking a sharp distinction between farmers to the east on the fertile soils, and ranchers to the west but it was once a barrier for further settlement west.
Final answer:
The Gulf-Atlantic Coastal Plain separated the Coastal Plains and pine forest regions from the middle and High Plains regions in Texas during the Civil War.
Explanation:
The geographic feature that separates the Coastal Plains and pine forest regions of Texas from the middle and High Plains regions is the Gulf-Atlantic Coastal Plain. During the time of the Civil War, the settlements of Anglo southerners in Texas did not extend much beyond this feature. The Coastal Plains were dedicated to plantation agriculture using African slave labor.
Draw simple sketches of the main types of clastic sedimentary rocks and explain the characteristics of each.
Answer:
Explanation:
the main types of clastic sedimentary rocks are
1.Conglomerates and breccias
2. Sandstones
3. Shale
characteristics of each of them
1. Conglomerates and breccias: rocks are composed of rounded gravel size fragments or pebbles and its individual pieces are easily seen clearly
2.Sandstones: they are made of sand size grains that have been cemented together.
3. Shale: This consist of clay size particles, that easily flake away or break apart easily
Alternating parallel bands of normal and reversed magnetic polarity are found in the basaltic bedrock on either side of 1. the Mid-Atlantic Ridge 2. Yellowstone Hot Spot 3. San Andreas Fault 4. Peru-Chile Trench
Answer:
1. the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Explanation:
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a mid-ocean ridge that extends into the South Atlantic Ocean between the South American and African Plates.
Alternating parallel bands of normal and reversed magnetic polarity is found here because basalt contains little magnetic particles that take on the direction of the Earth’s magnetic field at the time of eruption.
These bands are like stripes which shows up on the ocean floor when these variations are mapped.
Biostratigraphy is the process of using "index fossils" to determine the age of a rock unit. An ideal index fossil comes from organisms that had_______________.
Answer:
Index fossils come from organisms that were distinct, widespread, abundant and short lived.
Index fossil, any animal or plant preserved in the rock record of the Earth that is characteristic of a particular span of geologic time or environment. A useful index fossil must be distinctive or easily recognizable, abundant, and have a wide geographic distribution and a short range through time. Index fossils are the basis for defining boundaries in the geologic time scale and for the correlation of strata. In marine strata, index fossils that are commonly used include the single-celled Protista with hard body parts and larger forms such as ammonoids. In terrestrial sediments of the Cenozoic Era, which began about 65.5 million years ago, mammals are widely used to date deposits. All of these animal forms have hard body parts, such as shells, bones, and teeth, and evolved rapidly.
Index fossil
The daily insolation received at 90*N in June is so high because:1. The sunlight is most concentrated at this latitude 2. The sun rays are most oblique at this latitude 3. There are never clouds at the north pole in June4. The 24 hour day length allows a very high total insolation, despite a lower instantaneous insolation.
Answer:
Option 4
Explanation:
Because the 24 hours day length allow a very high total isolation despite a lower instantaneous insolation
If you stacked Avogadro's number of pennies one on top of the other on Earth's surface, how far would the stack extend (in km)? [For comparison, the sun is about 150 million km from Earth and the nearest star (Proxima Centauri) is about 40 trillion km from Earth.]
Answer:
the length of pennies will be like the Proxima Centauri
Explanation:
50 pennies make the length of a meter, so :
50 pennies = 1 m
x = 1 km
x= (50 x 1000) = 50 000 pennies = 1 Km
Then if the Avogadro´s number is 6.022 x 1023 so:
50 000 pennies = 1 km
6.022 x 1023 pennies = x
x= (6.022 x 1023/ 50 000) = 1.2044 x 1019
This big number is closer to the 40 trillion km of the Proxima Centauri.
Hope this answer is useful.
What type of rocks are formed by processes powered by the sun? A. metamorphic B. sedimentary C. igneous
The type of rocks that are formed by processes powered by the Sun are the sedimentary rocks.
Explanation:
There are three basic types of rocks on Earth, and all have their own specific way in which they form. The igneous rocks form under the influence of inside forces, or rather the rising magma from the mantle layer. The sedimentary rocks form under the influence of the outside forces, powered by the Sun. The metamorphic rocks form from preexisting rocks that have been influenced by inside force.
The sedimentary rocks, as mentioned, are formed by the influence of the outside forces which are powered by the Sun. The Sun powers the winds, temperatures, formation of ice, evaporation, precipitation etc. All these things have the ability to dissolve rocks, gradually creating sediments, which later manage to merge under certain temperature, pressure, and material that would act as natural glue for the sediments.
Some sedimentary rocks are:
SandstoneLimestoneBrecciaConglomerateLearn more about igneous rocks https://brainly.com/question/607324
#learnwithBrainly
Final answer:
Sedimentary rocks are created by processes driven by the sun such as weathering, erosion, and deposition, which involve the breakdown and transport of materials that are then deposited and cemented together to form new rocks.
Explanation:
The types of rocks that are formed by processes powered by the sun are sedimentary rocks. These rocks are created when fragments of pre-existing rocks or organic materials, such as shells, are deposited by elements like wind or water and then cemented together over time without melting. Processes like weathering, erosion, and deposition, all driven by solar energy, contribute to the formation of sedimentary rocks. Therefore, among the options provided, the correct answer is B. sedimentary.
Examine the words and/or phrases below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases, which does not fit the pattern.
A) P wave.
B) S wave.
C) Surface wave.
D) Body wave.
Answer:
Option A does not fit the patterrn
Explanation:
P wave is a summation wave generated by polarization of front as it exits the artria while other option are waves along the surface of the earth or within the earth.
A primary characteristic of Geography is its:__________.
a.focus on behavioral analysis
b.global perspective and interest in interrelationships
c.emphasis on field work and travel study of historical perspectives
d.compared to modern actions focus on numeric analysis
Answer:
b.global perspective and interest in interrelationships .
Explanation:
Which of the following does not determine species' range limits? a) the substrate. b) latitude. c) altitude d) disturbances such as fire. e) all of the above play a role in determine a species' range.
Answer:
Option (E)
Explanation:
A species range is usually defined as the geographical area where any group of particular species dwells during its entire life span. This range of species includes those areas of species migration as well as hibernation.
The range of these species are controlled by different factors such as latitude (such as tropical and polar zones that are marked by vast difference in terms of temperature), heights (like high mountain ranges and plateaus), substrate (a place on which or from where an organism grow), climate ( as it differs from one place to another). In addition to this, forest fire also occurs in the forests that destroys the habitat of these species, and their range of existence is affected.
Thus, a species range is controlled by all the above-given factors.
Hence, the correct answer is option (E).
Final answer:
All the given factors, including substrate, latitude, altitude, and disturbances like fire, do play a role in determining a species' range limits. Changes in biomes on a mountain hike are caused by elevation, rainfall, and temperature, but not by changes in latitude as one ascends.
Explanation:
The substrate, latitude, altitude, and disturbances such as fire all play a role in determining a species' range. Therefore, the answer would be e) all of the above play a role in determine a species' range. It's important to recognize that an ecologist might observe changes in biomes due to various factors like elevation, rainfall, and temperature, but not latitude since this does not change as one hikes up a mountain.
Geographical constraints, physical barriers, climate, and even factors like soil composition and human-induced changes, such as dams, can influence where a species can live and thrive.
How did the Manchus, with a very small population in comparison to that of the Ming Dynasty, manage to conquer the great Chinese empire?
Answer:
They took advantage of the chaos and anarchy plaguing the country
Explanation:
The Manchus succeeded as the ruling dynasty when the last Ming emperor died after the destruction of yellow river which unleashed the flood that destroyed hundreds of thousands of people coupled with the break down of social order, wide spread of smallpox and two people taking control of separate parts of the country and declaring new dynasties.
Final answer:
The Manchus conquered the Ming Empire by exploiting the dynasty's internal turmoil and strategic mistakes. They effectively absorbed Chinese administrative practices and gained the support of many Chinese officials. This led to the Manchu capture of Beijing, the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, and subsequent rule over China for nearly three centuries.
Explanation:
The Manchus, a small but well-organized ethnic group, conquered the Ming Empire by capitalizing on the Ming Dynasty's internal weaknesses and strategic blunders. Despite their smaller population, the Manchus unified under strong military leaders and adopted Chinese administrative practices, increasing their appeal to Chinese officials. During the Ming dynasty's decline, faced with internal rebellions and high expenditures, many Chinese bureaucrats and military leaders defected to the Manchus due to the Ming Dynasty's corruption and incapability to tackle problems.
After the death of the Manchu leader Nurhaci, his son Hong Taiji took over and continued to expand control over Chinese territory. As the Ming dynasty's power waned, General Wu Sangui made the consequential decision to ally with the Manchus to fend off a peasant rebellion, allowing the Manchus through the Great Wall. This led to the capture of Beijing in 1644 and the establishment of the Qing Dynasty. The transition to full control took until 1683, but the Manchus were careful to maintain superior positions, requiring demonstrations of loyalty such as the Manchu hairstyle mandate.
The Qing Dynasty emphasized traditional Chinese philosophies and maintained strict control over trade and social order. Through adept governance, the Qing Dynasty marked a golden age in China's history, with population growth and contributions to Chinese literature. The Manchus managed to become the rulers of China by both military conquest and integrating into the existing social fabric, never completely eliminating Chinese culture but rather adapting and enforcing their rule within it.
The same cloud precipitates snow on a mountain and rain in the nearby valley. Does the Bergeron process or the collision-coalescence theory best describe the process causing precipitation from that cloud?
Answer:
Bergeron process
Explanation:
This is a process when precipitate is formed in mixed cloud of temperature below freezing because equilibrium pressure of water vapour with respect to ice is less compared to that of liquid water.
Convergence along the western margin of North America during the Cenozoic gave way to rifting forces that created the characteristic topography of the ________.
a. Coast Ranges
c. Colorado Plateau
b. Basin and Range Province
d. Columbia Plateau
Answer:
b. Basin and Range Province
Explanation:
Due to the force of the tectonic plates that occurred about the 4.5 billion years, the geology of the North American plate reveals the upwelling a the collision of the plants and thus the western U.S has a rough texture as compared to the smooth central and eastern regions. That has created the 12 main geologic provinces like the Columbia Plateau, the Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, the Rocky Mountains, and the Laurentian Upland, Interior Plains, and the Interior Highlands. The colorado plateau lies in the upper northern and the central side and the basin and the provinces cover much of the boundaries of the places along the pacific.What is the significance of Greenwich, England, in the context of latitude and longitude? a. It is the historically agreed-upon starting point for latitude. b. It is the historically agreed-upon starting point for longitude. c. The North Pole is at this location. d. The South Pole is at this location. e. It is the location of the intersection of the 0 degree line of latitude and the 0 degree line of longitude.
Answer:
b. It is the historically agreed-upon starting point for longitude
Which statement best explains how the astrolabe made voyages of exploration possible?
a. It kept crews from getting sick.
b. It helped sailors steer around rocky coasts.
c. It allowed sailors to know their north-south location.
d. It aided navigators in predicting the weather.
Answer:
c. It allowed sailors to know their north-south location
Explanation:
The astrolabe is an instrument that is used for the calculation of the astronomical values and is thus used to show the direction and the navigation purposes and hence it determines the latitude and altitude on the land and the seas. And are useful for the time and the calendar conversion of the day and the night.Answer: I think the answer is C Hope this Helps!!
Religions that tend to be expansionary, seeking to transmit their beliefs to new peoples and areas, are termed:____________
Answer: universalizing
Explanation:
Answer:
Proselytizing religions.
Explanation:
Proselytizing is the action of trying to convert a person to one´s religion, to induce another person to adopt my faith.
Smaller cities located on the edges of a larger city which often include residential neighborhoods for those working in the area are called_________
Final answer:
The term for smaller cities located on the edges of a larger city, which are more economically complex and include both residential and commercial areas, is known as an 'edge city'.
Explanation:
Smaller cities located on the edges of a larger city that include residential neighborhoods for those working in the larger urban area are known as suburbs. However, the specific term for areas that are more economically complex, often including not only residential areas but also office buildings, shopping and entertainment districts, and even factories, is an edge city. Edge cities are typically found at the intersection of major highways and serve as high-density business districts, sometimes referred to as suburban downtowns. They emerged significantly as commercial hubs in the 1970s, powered by affordable land, efficient highways, and an ample workforce, marking a shift in urban development patterns with many businesses and fewer residents as compared to traditional suburbs.
When a volcano erupts, particles of rock and ash are released into the atmosphere. After this, water droplets form around the rock and ash particles and fall to Earth as rain. The rainwater helps plants grow. True or false?
True, volcanic eruptions release rock and ash that can facilitate rain droplet formation; this rain can contribute to plant growth by adding minerals to the soil. Volcanic activities have both immediate and long-term effects on global climate and weather patterns.
Explanation:True, when a volcano erupts, particles of rock and ash are spewed into the atmosphere. These particles can serve as nuclei for water droplet formation, leading to precipitation. Once this volcanic ash-laden rain falls, it can indeed help plants grow, as the materials from the volcanic ash can contribute valuable minerals to the soil, enhancing its fertility.
Volcanic eruptions function as a natural driver of climate change, releasing gases and solids that influence climate over a period of years. Besides water vapor, these emissions include carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and other greenhouse gases. Nevertheless, eruptions typically result in a short-term cooling followed by longer-term impacts on weather patterns and climate.
While the immediate aftermath of a volcanic eruption is hazardous, the release of volcanic ash and gases has shaped Earth's atmosphere and climate over geological time spans. The water cycle, consisting of evaporation driven by the Sun and precipitation influenced by gravity, plays a pivotal role in returning water from the atmosphere back to Earth's surface, replenishing ecosystems and aiding in plant growth.
When a continental plate collides with an oceanic plate, the oceanic plate is forced down towards the asthenosphere in a process known as___________.
Answer:
Subduction
Explanation:
In a convergent plate boundary, two plates move towards each other. The convergence of a continental and an oceanic plate results in the formation of a subduction one, where the denser oceanic plate subducts below the lighter continental plate. The presence of this zone is usually identified by the presence of a narrow depression, commonly known as the oceanic trench. As the plate is forced into the asthenosphere layer, the rocks undergo partial melting, which mixes up with the magma. This magma again rises upward due to the force exerted by the convection current, giving rise to the formation of the volcanoes or volcanic arcs in the over-riding plate.
This process in which the denser plate goes below the less dense one is called the subduction.
Answer:
Subduction
Explanation:
When the two plates collides the thinner and more dense oceanic plate Is forced down in a process called subduction to a much higher temperature Environment.
A fault that bisects a rock formation is younger than the rock unit according to the Principle of _________.
A. Lateral Continuity
B. Original Horizontality
C. Cross-Cutting Relationships
D. Stratigraphy Reset Selection
Answer:
C. Cross-Cutting Relationships
Explanation:
The principle states that the geologic features that cut the another is younger than the two features and is based on the relative dating technique and it shows the structural relationship as faults and fractures that cuts the older rocks.As a result of scientists’ pressure, in 1961 twelve countries signed a treaty to _____. A. the coal being mined in Antarctica B. share research in Antarctica C. give Antarctica to the United Nations D. divide Antarctica into pie-shaped wedges
As a result of scientists’ pressure, in 1961 twelve countries signed a treaty to share research in Antarctica.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
It was in the year 1959 when the Antarctic treaty was signed in Washington by 12 countries. The treaty came into force in the year 1961. The main reason why the Antarctic treaty was formed is because of the conflict between the governance over the Antarctic.
With the help of this treaty scientist from all the twelve countries can investigate and perform research in Antarctica. Apart from this, the results obtained from the research on Antarctica will also shared by scientists and will thus be freely available.
Which of the following is correctly matched?A. conduction--molecule-to-molecule heat transferB. advection-strongly vertical mixingC. radiation-assimilation and conversion ofD. convection-strongly horizontal mixing
Answer:
A. conduction--molecule-to-molecule heat transfer
Explanation:
A. The transfer of energy through a substance. In heat conduction, energy is transferred from molecule to molecule by direct contact; the molecules themselves do not necessarily change position, but simply vibrate more or less quickly against each other.
B. The option said strongly vertical mixing while advection is the transfer of heat or matter by the flow of a fluid, especially horizontally in the atmosphere or the sea.
C. Radiation is not assimilation and conversion. Radiation is the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high-energy particles which cause ionization.
D. Convection is not strongly horizontal mixing. Convection is the transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid (liquid or gas) between areas of different temperature.
Poorly sorted sediment deposits containing rock fragments in a fine-grained matrix that might conjure images of Alfred Wegener are called _________.a. lutites
b. stalactites
c. breccias
d. melanges
e. diamictites
The diamictites are mixed type of lithified sedimentary rocks that consist of non sorted or poorly made land sediments.
They consort of particles that range form the size of bolder to clays. They can be found in a suspended matrix of mudstone or sandstone. Hence they are non-sorted and poorly sorted deposited.Hence the option E is correct.
Learn more about the sorted sediment deposits containing rock fragments.
brainly.com/question/25487643.
The science that deals with the study of the atmosphere is _____. meteorology astronomy oceanography geology
Answer: the answer will be astronomy
Explanation:
Identify the true statement. Choose one: A. The angle of repose is the steepest angle at which unconsolidated sediments can sit without slipping downhill. B. Lahars are mudflows that have been triggered by earthquake shaking. C. Slow movement of unconsolidated material downslope is called a turbidity current. D. The head scarp of a slump is found at the base of the slump block.
Answer:
A. The angle of repose is the steepest angle at which unconsolidated sediments can sit without slipping downhill
Explanation:
The angle of repose is the steepest angle at which unconsolidated sediment can be piled without sliding downward. The angle is also known as critical angle . At this angle the unconsolidated sediments are at the verge of slumping . The angle between the surface of the piled sediments and the horizontal surface is the angle of the repose. At this angle the unconsolidated sediments have reached it limit of accommodating more materials unless it will slump downward.
The make up of the unconsolidated sediments can affect the angle of repose as rounded and fined gained rocks cannot be piled as rough texture d rock materials. The angle of repose can also be affected by the amount of solvents in the sediment. Various rocks sediments possess different angle of repose. Same sediment material can possess different angle of repose if the water contents varies .Example, the angle of repose for sand varies depending on the water contents. The true statement is option A.
The picture above illustrate the angle of repose.
The fact that representetives of all major animal phyla can be found in some of the lowest sedimentary rock in the geologicl column is often referred to as _________
Answer:
Cambrian explosion
Explanation:
The Cambrian explosion was an event in the Cambrian period when most major animal phyla appeared in the fossil record
The rate of plate movement is only a few ________ per year so climate changes triggered by shifting plates happen on a scale of millions of years.
Answer:
centimeters
Explanation:
The lithospheric plates move relative to the others at a very slow but continuous speed that is, on average, about five centimeters per year. This movement is ultimately driven by the unequal distribution of heat inside the Earth. The hot material found in the depths of the mantle moves slowly upwards and serves as a part of our planet's internal convection system. Simultaneously, colder and denser sheets of the oceanic lithosphere descend to the mantle, moving the rigid outer layer of the Earth into motion. Finally, the titanic friction between Earth's lithospheric plates generates earthquakes, creates volcanoes and deforms large masses of rock in the mountains. But it causes climate changes to be experienced every million years.