Food webs are models that show
А networks of feeding relationships.
one sequence of producers and consumers.
only primary consumers in an ecosystem.
stored energy in food chains.
mu o

Answer:

protons have a positive charge

in an atom, there are three main subatomic particles, the protons, electrons and neutrons.

the protons are of positive electric charge while electrons possess negative and neutrons are neutral and does not contain any charge.

Answer:

positive

Explanation:

protons would have a positive

The primary consumers in the Chesapeake Bay Waterbird Food Web are the Small Planktivorous Fish, Bivalves, and Benthic Invertebrates. These organisms eat producers like algae or phytoplankton.

In the Chesapeake Bay Waterbird Food Web you provided, the primary consumers are Small Planktivorous Fish, Bivalves, and Benthic Invertebrates. Primary consumers are organisms that eat producers or plants in a food web. In this context, these primary consumers eat phytoplankton, algae and other microscopic producers in the bay.

For example, small Planktivorous fish filter feed on these small producers, Bivalves filter feed algae out of the water, and Benthic Invertebrates feed upon organic material on the bay floor. Thus, all these organism are primary consumers since they draw their energy directly from primary producers.

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Answer:

1. Carbon dioxide: a trace gas .

It is required for photosynthesis.

2. Nitrogen: most abundant gas in the atmosphere .

It is incorporated as a major component of proteins and DNA.

3. Oxygen: second most abundant gas in the atmosphere .

It is required for aerobic cellular respiration.

Explanation:

Gases that are less abundant in the atmosphere are called trace gases. Carbon dioxide gas is the product of respiration in animals which is then used by the plants for photosynthesis. It is present in the environment at very small concentration ( 0.04%).

Nitrogen and Oxygen both are present in the atmosphere at high proportions. Nitrogen covers 78% of the total gases volume whereas oxygen is about 28% in the atmosphere. It is vital in many biochemical processes that sustains life on Earth; for example, it is used in the production of nitrogen bases (purine and pyrimidine) and amino acid which are required for DNA and protein synthesis. Likewise, oxygen is an oxidizer which is required for aerobic cellular respiration.

Answer:

Look at the image I posted in explanation.

Hope this helps! :D

Explanation:

Answer:

i think its B

Explanation:

Answer:

Meiosis 1 better mirrors the process of mitosis.

Explanation:

During the process of mitosis, the somatic cells of the body replicate to form two daughter cells which are identical to the parent cell. In meiosis I, two daughter cells are formed. During mitosis, diploid cells are formed. During meiosis 1 also, two diploid cells are formed. hence, these two processes are more similar as compared to mitosis II. in mitosis II, four haploid cells are made as a result of the division process.

Answer:

When patient takes in antibiotics the resistance bacteria gets a competitive survival advantage over the normal sensitive bacteria and hence grows faster.

Explanation:

Final answer:

Marine scientists estimate a vast majority of marine species are yet to be discovered, with only about 13% of eukaryotic species currently named out of an estimated 8.7 million. New discoveries continue, but exact numbers are hard to confirm due to small ranges and a lack of central data repository.

Explanation:

Marine scientists believe there are still many undiscovered species in the ocean. According to estimates by Mora et al. (2011), only about 13% of eukaryotic species have been named, and it is believed that there are approximately 8.7 million eukaryote species on Earth. This suggests that a vast majority of marine species remain unidentified. With new marine species being discovered regularly, it is challenging to provide an exact number, but the pursuit to understand and catalog these species is ongoing.

For example, new fish species are discovered at a rate of about 130-160 each year, suggesting a persistent flow of new findings. However, the discovery of even higher levels of taxonomic groups indicates that there could be fundamental gaps in our knowledge of marine biodiversity. Additionally, many species have very small geographic ranges, which makes them harder to find and study.

The lack of a central repository for species names and descriptions complicates the estimation of undiscovered species, but marine scientists and research programs like TOPP continue to contribute to our understanding of these complex ecosystems. These efforts are essential in light of the accelerating pace of species loss globally.

Answer:

Cells fall into two broad categories depending on whether they have a nucleus or not.

Explanation:

Cells can be divided into two broad categories which are prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell.

A prokaryotic cell can be described as a cell which lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bounded organelles. For example, the bacterial cell lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Its genetic material is dispersed in the cytoplasm.

A eukaryotic cell can be described as a cell which has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. For example, the cell of a human.

Cells are divided into two main categories: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells are predominantly single-celled organisms like Bacteria and Archaea and do not contain a true nucleus. In contrast, eukaryotic cells, including those in animals, plants, fungi, and protists, possess a true nucleus.

Cells are categorized into two primary types: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells, denoted by the prefixes 'pro-' meaning 'before' and '-kary-' referring to 'nucleus', are generally single-celled organisms like Bacteria and Archaea. These cells do not contain a traditional nucleus, instead, their genetic material is present within a region known as the nucleoid.

On the other hand, eukaryotic cells, with the prefix 'eu-' indicating 'true', possess a true nucleus enclosing their genetic material. This group includes cells in animals, plants, fungi, and protists. The presence or absence of a true nucleus is one of the major differences between these two cell types. Beyond these differences, cells can exhibit great variety in their structures and components, even within the same multicellular organism.

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Answer:

Option B.

The level of carbon in the atmosphere will decrease if humans do nothing to cycle.

Explanation:

Answer: also job opportunities

Explanation:

Answer:

The correct option is C) Rangeland- Grazing livestock

Explanation:

Rangeland can be described as a land which consists of grasses, shrubs, woods, wetlands etc which are ideal for the grazing of domestic and wetland animals. Hence, a rangeland is used for grazing livestock. Hence, option C is correct.

Other options, like option D, is not correct because an urban land supports city life. It is not ideal for the growing of crops as it contains pollution of the city.

Answer:

Cropland ----> growing food

Explanation:

For the other one

Answer:

The correct option is D) Ethyl alcohol is produced.

Explanation:

Fermentation can be described as a process by which energy is extracted by organisms such as bacteria and yeast.

Sugars are converted into alcohol by this metabolic process occurring in certain microorganisms. There are two main types of fermentation:

Fermentation which takes place in the presence of oxygen is termed as aerobic fermentation.

The process of fermentation which occurs in the absence of oxygen is termed as anaerobic respiration.

Hence, as alcohol will be produced from both types of fermentation, optic C is correct.

Answer: by adding heat to ice.

Explanation: The three states of matter are solid, liquid and gas. Ice is water in solid state. When ice is heated, it melts and changes from solid state to liquid state. When more heat is applied to water in its liquid state, it boils and changes to vapour which is gas. Water vapour exists in gaseous state.

Water can exist in three states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas. Adding heat energy to ice causes it to melt and become water.

Water is indeed a remarkable substance, capable of transitioning between its three fundamental states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas. The transformation from a solid state, represented by ice, to a liquid state, commonly referred to as water, is known as "melting." This transition is brought about by the infusion of heat energy into the ice, which causes its molecular structure to break free from the solid lattice and transition into the more fluid, mobile state of liquid water.

Moreover, water's versatility extends to its ability to undergo another vital phase change: from liquid to gas. This phenomenon, termed "vaporization," involves the absorption of additional heat energy, which imparts sufficient kinetic energy to water molecules to enable them to escape the liquid's surface and transform into water vapor. This process of evaporation is integral to many natural phenomena, including the water cycle, where water vapor rises into the atmosphere before condensing to form clouds and, eventually, returning to Earth as precipitation.

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Answer:

A malaria outbreak causing allele frequencies to change is an example of natural selection.

Explanation:

Natural selection is a type of selection in which those organisms are favoured to live and reproduce which are better adapted to live in an environment. Due to natural selection, the allele frequencies of a population will tend to change with the passage of time.

When the outbreak of malaria occurs, those organisms which do not catch malaria are able to survive and pass on their characteristics to their offsprings. the other organisms die and do not reproduce. This will cause changes in the allele frequencies.

Answer:

B. Baking a pi

Explanation:

Answer:

Osmosis

Explanation:

The sugar solution is a hypertonic solution. When a raw shell-less egg is placed in sugar solution, the solvent diffuses from the egg into the sugar solution. The solute concentration of the sugar solution is higher than that of the egg and thus water water will pass out making the egg to shrink. When the egg is placed in water which is hypotonic, the water molecules move into the egg and thus the egg regains its original size.

Answer:

The answer is A) osmosis

Explanation:

The experiment is explaining the process of osmosis which involves the movement of solute particles from low concentrations to high concentrations.

DNA is a nucleic acid located in the nucleus and it contains the genetic instructions for the function and development of living things. The role of DNA is to store genetic information. The genetic information is stored in the chemical structure of the DNA.

so the number it would be in is number 2

During photosynthesis plants need constant supply of sunlight but they produce glucose a constant supply for respiration.

Explanation:

Photosynthesis take place in 2 steps, First is light dependent and followed by  the light independent phase.

The light independent reaction two important molecules are formed, they are ATP and NADH. This reaction phase takes place in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in the presence of sunlight. Because of this continuous supply of sunlight is required for photosynthesis. This will be followed by Calvin-cycle or light independent reaction where glucose and Carbon dioxide are the end products.

In cellular respiration glucose is the substrate along with oxygen forms energy for various metabolic activities to take place inside the organism.

So, it is seen that product of photosynthesis is the reactant for cellular respiration.

"Image" is an example of visual data with regard to computer crime.

Explanation:

An act committed by a skilled or professional user of computers, also named as hacker who secretly browses or steals private information from a company or individual's system therefore this whole process is known as "computer crime".

Image is one of the best source or evidence in the form of visual data with respect to computer crime. Because many details can be collected or fetched out just from visual figures or pictures. It can contain codes, relatable links or some factors which can be helpful for targeting culprit.

Answer:

How much force is needed to accelerate a 25-kg bowling ball at 2 m/a/?

F= MA

F= force

M= mass

A= acceleration

F= 25 X 2

F= 50N

Explanation:

The force needed to accelerate a 25kg bowling ball at 2m/s² is 50N.

HOW TO CALCULATE FORCE:

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Answer:

Scientists ensure that data is reliable is through replicating experiments.

Explanation:

The amount of atmospheric CO2 has seen a sharp rise of around 45% since pre-industrial times, largely due to human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation. CO2 levels have reached heights not seen in over 800,000 years, with significant implications for global climate change.

Humans have been burning fossil fuels rapidly for the past 250 years. As a result, the amount of atmospheric CO2 has increased by about 45% since pre-industrial times. The concentration has risen from approximately 280 parts per million (ppm) in the 18th century to over 400 ppm by recent years. This significant increase is attributed to human activities, specifically deforestation and the combustion of fossil fuels for energy and transportation.

Moreover, the current level of atmospheric CO2 is the highest that it has been in at least 800,000 years, a fact that is supported by reliable data from ice cores. The volume of CO2 emissions from human activities today is remarkably higher compared to past generations. Such an unprecedented rise in CO2 levels foreshadows the potential for significant global climate change if these emissions continue unabated.

Answer:

correct

Explanation:

Humans impact on hydrologic, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus.

Hydrologic:

The expulsion of trees (deforestation) is majorly affecting the water cycle, as nearby and worldwide atmospheres change. Deforestation in one zone can, accordingly, influence the climate in another zone in such a case that trees are chopped down, there is less water to be dissipated into the air and in this way less downpour.  

Carbon:

People are moving more carbon into the environment from different pieces of the Earth framework. More carbon is moving to the environment when petroleum derivatives, similar to coal and oil, are singed. Since more carbon dioxide is being discharged into the air through the copying of non-renewable energy sources and less progressively content.

Nitrogen:

Over nitrogen can cause overstimulation of the development of sea-going plants and green growth. Exorbitant development of these life forms, thus, can obstruct water admissions, go through disintegrated oxygen as they break down, and square light to more profound waters.

Phosphorus:

Phosphates can likewise be found generally in plants. An excess of phosphate can mess wellbeing up, for example, kidney harm and osteoporosis. Phosphate deficiencies can likewise happen early demise. While expending limited quantities of sodium phosphate is likely protected, eating a lot of sodium phosphate can prompt undesirable degrees of phosphorus in the body.

Humans impact the hydrologic cycle through various activities such as deforestation, urbanization, and the construction of dams and reservoirs.

Deforestation reduces the amount of water that is returned to the atmosphere through transpiration, while urbanization increases runoff and reduces the amount of water that infiltrates into the ground to replenish aquifers. The building of dams and reservoirs can alter the natural flow of rivers and affect the water cycle in downstream ecosystems.

In the carbon cycle, human activities have significantly increased the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, primarily through the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. This has led to an enhancement of the greenhouse effect, contributing to global climate change. Additionally, the oceans absorb a substantial amount of this excess carbon dioxide, leading to ocean acidification.

The nitrogen cycle is impacted by humans through the use of synthetic fertilizers in agriculture, which introduce large amounts of reactive nitrogen into the environment. This can lead to nutrient imbalances in ecosystems, causing eutrophication in water bodies and negatively affecting biodiversity. The combustion of fossil fuels also releases nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere, contributing to air pollution and acid rain.

Human activities affect the phosphorus cycle by mining phosphorus for use in fertilizers. Excess phosphorus from agricultural runoff and wastewater discharge can lead to eutrophication of lakes and rivers, resulting in algal blooms that deplete oxygen and harm aquatic life. Additionally, the overuse of phosphorus in agriculture can lead to the depletion of natural phosphorus reserves.

In summary, human impacts on these biogeochemical cycles are significant and can lead to widespread environmental changes, including climate change, water pollution, loss of biodiversity, and soil degradation. Addressing these impacts requires sustainable management practices and a reduction in activities that disrupt the natural balance of these essential cycles.

Answer:

The correct option is C) Plants

Explanation:

Option A is false because the cell cannot be an animal cell. This is because an animal cell does not possess a cell wall.

Option B is false because the cell cannot be a bacterial cell. This is because a bacterial cell does not have a nucleus. Their genetic material is dispersed inside the cytoplasm.

Option C is correct because all the organelles, a cytoskeleton, mitochondrion, nucleus, cell wall, and ribosomes, are present inside the plant cells.

(c). Plant is correct option. The scientist most likely found a plant cell, as it has eukaryotic features including a cell wall, which is not present in animal cells.

This means that the organism discovered by the scientist in the ice sample is most likely a plant.

Acetyl CoA is produced at many steps in our body, but mainly its produced by decarboxylation of pyruvate.

Acetyl CoA is the gateway molecule to Kreb's Cycle. This molecule can pass from the cytoplasm to mitochondria which can be used in further metabolic processes.

In case of aerobic respiration, glucose undergoes a metabolic breakdown to produce two molecules of pyruvate and a few NADH and ATP. But this pyruvate cannot enter the mitochondria where the next step i.e Kreb's Cycle is going to take place. This is then taken up by Pyruvate Decarboxylase complex or PDC where pyruvate is acted upon by enzyme Pyruvate Decarboxylase which also uses an oxidized NAD and Coenzyme A to produce a molecule of carbon dioxide, NADH and Acetyl CoA.

Answer:

the answer is during pyruvate processing

Explanation:

just did it on bio ap-ex

Answer:

Lock and key/ enzyme-substrate complex

Explanation:

Enzymes have a precise place on their surface called the active site to which the substrate molecules get attached. The shape of the active site and the presence of various chemical groups ensure that only those substrates with a complimentary structure can bind. Only specific substrates can bind to a particular enzyme. This phenomenon of enzyme action is called the lock and key hypothesis.

The binding of an enzyme to a substrate forms an enzyme-substrate complex, a process explained by two models: the lock-and-key hypothesis and the induced-fit model. Both models recognize that a specific enzyme will only bind with a particular substrate.

The formation of a bond between an enzyme and a substrate results in an enzyme-substrate complex. There are two major models explaining this interaction: the lock-and-key hypothesis and the induced fit model. According to the lock-and-key hypothesis, the active site of the enzyme and substrate are complementary in shape, fitting together perfectly. On the other hand, according to the induced fit model, the enzyme's active site is flexible and can change shape to accommodate the substrate. In either case, these models emphasize the specificity of the interaction, with a particular enzyme typically only binding to a specific substrate.

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Explanation:

Water molecules are polar, meaning they have dipole polarities. The Hydrogen end is partially positive while the Oxygen end is partially negative. This is due to the fact that oxygen has a higher atomic mass and hence attracts most of the electron cloud of the molecule towards its end.

This property of water is very important because it is able to dissolve polar molecules while non-polar molecules do not dissolve. This is an important property in the body of organisms because, for example, water helps in the folding of proteins (by interacting with polar motifs of a protein) hence ensuring the protein maintains their functional structural forms.

Water also dissolves significant polar molecules that are utilized by the body, such as glucose, and helps in their transportation within the body. Water is also significant in the diffusion of hormones used in cell signaling, e.t.c.  

Water is also able to dissociate ionic compounds, such as sodium chloride, that are important in the osmotic pressure homeostasis of cells.

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Polar nature of water helps in dissolving inorganic as well as organic compounds,

The chemical properties of water greatly affected the solubility of inorganic as well as organic molecules. Most organic compounds have covalent bonds between atoms whereas most inorganic compounds have ionic bonds. The ionic bonds present in inorganic compounds dissociate into positive and negative ions in water making them highly soluble or dissolved in water.

Due to this polar nature of water, water dissolves large number of compounds than any other atom and also known as universal solvent so we can conclude that polar nature of water helps in dissolving inorganic as well as organic compounds.

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Answer:

One of the environmental factors (mutagens) that can cause mutation on an organism who is exposed to it regularly is the "ultraviolet radiation" coming from the sun.

Explanation:

"Mutagens" are agents or substances that can cause genetic mutation. The "ultraviolet radiation" coming from sunlight is one of the mutagens that can cause mutation. It damages the DNA by having an abnormal connection of the "thymine dimers." This results into the kinking of the DNA shape, thus making it difficult to copy. So, the next generation cells will have a mutated copy of the DNA. This is the reason why people are always advised to put sunscreen lotions whenever they are exposed to the sun.

The other mutagens are: x-ray radiation, chemicals, nitrites and tobacco products.

Final answer:

Radiation, specifically ionizing radiation, is a significant mutagen that organisms are regularly exposed to. It can cause DNA mutations by creating breaks in the DNA backbone and modifying bases.

Explanation:

A significant mutagen that organisms are regularly exposed to is radiation, specifically ionizing radiation like X-rays and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation can cause mutations in DNA by creating breaks in the DNA backbone and modifying bases. It can also lead to the formation of hydroxyl radicals, which can further damage the DNA.

It's important to note that not all mutations are harmful; some can be beneficial or have no effect at all. However, harmful mutations can lead to diseases such as cancer. Because of this risk, substances that cause mutations are carefully studied to determine their potential as carcinogens. Understanding and identifying mutagens is crucial for developing strategies to minimize their impact on living organisms.

Answer: Cnidarians have a very simple sensory system that consists of a nerve net and no sensory organs. Octopi have a complex sensory system, including a brain and eyes as complex as human eyes.

(Here are two examples. Hope this helps!)

Cnidarians have a very simple sensory system that consists of a nerve net and no sensory organs.

The sensory nervous system is a part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information. A sensory system consists of sensory neurons, neural pathways, and parts of the brain involved in sensory perception and interoception.

A sensory system consists of sensory neurons (including the sensory receptor cells), neural pathways, and parts of the brain involved in sensory perception and interoception.

The sensory system is the portion of the nervous system responsible for processing input from the environment. Beginning with detection through the transfer of stimuli to the central nervous system, the peripheral nerves and their associated receptors rapidly relay information.

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