Fluorescent genes from a jellyfish can be inserted into bacteria with minor modifications, resulting in bacteria that can produce green fluorescent protein.

CH3CH2CH2CH3 < CH3CH2CHO < CH3CHOHCH3

Explanation:

Boiling point trend of Butane, Propan-1-ol and Propanal.

Butane is a member of the CnH2n+2 homologous series is an alkane. Alkanes have C-H and C-C bonds which have Van der waals dispersion forces which are temporary dipole-dipole forces (forces caused by the electron movement in a corner of the atom). This bond is weak but increases as the carbon chain/molecule increases.

In Propan-1-ol(Primaryalcohol), there is a hydrogen bond present in the -OH group. Hydrogen bond is caused by the attraction of hydrogen to a highly electronegative element like Cl-, O- etc. This bond is stronger than dispersion forces because of the relative energy required to break the hydrogen bond. Alcohols (CnH2n+1OH) also experience van der waals dispersion forces on its C-C chain and C-H so as the Carbon chain increases the boiling point increases in the homologous series.

Propanal which is an Aldehyde (Alkanal) with the general formula CnH2n+1CHO. This molecule has a C-O, C-C and C-H bonds only. If you notice, the Oxygen is not bonded to the Hydrogen so there is no hydrogen bond but the C-O bond has a permanent dipole-dipole force caused by the electronegativity of oxygen which is bonded to carbon. It also has van der waals dispersion forces caused by the C-C and C-H as the carbon chain increases down the homologous series. The permanent dipole-dipole forces are not as easy to break as van der waals forces.

In conclusion, the hydrogen bonds present in alcohols are stronger than the permanent dipole-dipole bonds in the aldehyde and the van der waals forces in alkanes (irrespective of the carbon chain in Butane). So Butane < Propanal < Propan-1-ol

The order of intermolecular interaction is; CH3CH2CH2OH > CH3CH2CHO > CH3CH2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CH3

Intermolecular forces are forces of attraction that hold a molecule together in a particular state of matter. The nature of intermolecular forces in a molecule depends on the kind of bonds between the atoms in the compounds. Compounds that contain nonpolar bonds often have weaker intermolecular interaction between molecules while molecules that have polar bonds experience a greater magnitude of intermolecular forces.

The order of intermolecular interaction is; CH3CH2CH2OH > CH3CH2CHO > CH3CH2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CH3

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Answer:  the calculation of the number of atoms conserved in the desired product rather than in waste.

Explanation:

Atom economy gives how much desired product is obtained compared to amount of starting materials.

[tex]\text {Atom economy}=\frac{\text {molecular weight of desired product}}{\text {molecular weight of all products}}\times 100%[/tex]

For example:

[tex]CH_4+2O_2\rightarrow CO_2+2H_2O[/tex]

[tex]\text {atom economy of water}=\frac{\text {molecular weight of desired product}}{\text {molecular weight of all products}}\times 100%[/tex]

[tex]\text {atom economy of water}=\frac{36}{44+36}\times 100%=45\%[/tex]

Thus atom economy for water is 45%

Answer:

The answer to your question is Yes, it is a double replacement reaction

Explanation:

General equation of a double replacement reaction

                         AB  +  CD   ⇒   AD  +   BC

In a double replacement reaction, the cation of a compound is interchanged with the cation and another compound and also the anions are interchanged. The reaction given has the characteristics of a double replacement reaction.

Answer: Option (4) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

Heat of vaporization is defined as the heat energy which is necessarily added to a liquid substance in order to transform the quantity of the substance into a gas.

For example, in [tex]H_{2}O[/tex] there will be presence of strong hydrogen bonding and in order to break this bond high amount of heat energy is required.

Whereas [tex]H_{2}[/tex], [tex]F_{2}[/tex] and [tex]SiF_{4}[/tex] are all covalent compounds which are bonded together by Vander waal forces. As these forces are weak in nature hence, they require less amount of heat energy to convert into vapor state.

Hence, they have low value of [tex]\Delta H_{vap}[/tex]. Also, Ar is a noble gas and it has only Vander waal forces. So, it will also have low value of [tex]\Delta H_{vap}[/tex].

Therefore, we can conclude that out of the given options [tex]H_{2}O[/tex] have the highest [tex]\Delta H_{vap}[/tex].

4. H₂O

Enthalpy of vaporization

The enthalpy of vaporization (symbol ∆Hvap), also known as the (latent) heat of vaporization or heat of evaporation, is the amount of energy (enthalpy) that must be added to a liquid substance to transform a quantity of that substance into a gas.

In terms of formula it can be written as:

[tex]\Delta H_\mathrm{vap}=\Delta U_\mathrm{vap}+p \Delta V[/tex]

Lets look at all the options one by one:

1. In case of H₂O molecule, there is a strong hydrogen bonding thus greatest energy is required to break this bonding.

2. While in case of H₂, F₂ and SiF₄ molecules are all covalent compounds that are bonded via weak vanderwaal forces thus it needs lesser heat energy to convert into vapor state.

3. Noble gases usually have weak vanderwaal forces thus Ar has lower ∆Hvap.

So, we can conclude that H₂O has the the highest ΔHvap.

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Answer : The mass of [tex]CO_2[/tex] produced form the combustion is, 16.43 kg

Explanation :

Density : It is defined as the mass contained per unit volume.

Formula used for density :

[tex]Density=\frac{Mass}{Volume}[/tex]

First we have to calculate the mass of octane.

Given :

Density of octane = 0.703 g/mL

Volume = 2.00 gallons = 7570 mL

conversion used : 1 gallon = 3785 mL

Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get:

[tex]0.703g/mL=\frac{Mass}{7570mL}[/tex]

[tex]Mass=5321.71g[/tex]

Now we have to calculate the moles of octane.

[tex]\text{Moles of octane}=\frac{\text{Mass of octane}}{\text{Molar mass of octane}}[/tex]

Molar mass of octane = 114 g/mole

[tex]\text{Moles of octane}=\frac{5321.71g}{114g/mole}=46.68mole[/tex]

Now we have to calculate the moles of [tex]CO_2[/tex].

The balanced chemical combustion reaction of octane will be:

[tex]2C_8H_{18}+25O_2\rightarrow 16CO_2+18H_2O[/tex]

From the balanced chemical reaction we conclude that:

As, 2 moles of [tex]C_8H_{18}[/tex] react to give 16 moles of [tex]CO_2[/tex]

So, 46.68 moles of [tex]C_8H_{18}[/tex] react to give [tex]\frac{46.68}{2}\times 16=373.44[/tex] moles of [tex]CO_2[/tex]

Now we have to calculate the mass of [tex]CO_2[/tex].

[tex]\text{ Mass of }CO_2=\text{ Moles of }CO_2\times \text{ Molar mass of }CO_2[/tex]

Molar mass of [tex]CO_2[/tex] = 44 g/mol

[tex]\text{ Mass of }CO_2=(373.44moles)\times (44g/mole)=16431.36g=16.43kg[/tex]

Thus, the mass of [tex]CO_2[/tex] produced form the combustion is, 16.43 kg

The equilibrium concentration of PCl5 is 0.0036 M.

The equation of the reaction is; PCl5(g) ⇄ PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)

The number of moles of PCl3 at equilibrium is = 0.27 M ×  1.00-L = 0.27 moles

Now;

Kc = [PCl3] [Cl2]/[PCl5]

Kc =  2.0 × 10^1 or 20

We can see that;

Number of moles  of PCl3 = Number of moles of Cl2 = 0.27 moles

Let the equilibrium concentration of PCl5 be x

20 = (0.27)^2/x

x =  (0.27)^2/20

x = 0.0036 moles

Since the volume does not change;

equilibrium concentration of PCl5 = 0.0036 moles/1.00-L = 0.0036 M

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For the given equilibrium, the reaction PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) is staged. Given Kc = 2.0 x 101 and [PCl3] = 0.27M, we find that [Cl2] is also 0.27M due to a 1:1 ratio in the reaction. We can then solve for [PCl5], finally getting [PCl5] = 0.364 × 10-2 M.

The equilibrium for the reaction PCl5(g)  PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) is defined by the ratio of concentrations of the products to the reactants, expressed as Kc = [PCl3][Cl2] / [PCl5]. Given that Kc = 2.0 × 101 and [PCl3] = 0.27 M, we can solve for the equilibrium concentration of [Cl2] using the same Kc equation, resulting in [Cl2] = 0.27 M (since it's a 1:1 ratio in this particular reaction). Finally, substituting these concentrations back into the equilibrium constant expression, we can solve for [PCl5] by rearranging the equation to [PCl5] = [PCl3][Cl2] / Kc = 0.27 x 0.27 / 2.0 x 101 = 0.364 × 10-2 M.

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Answer:

Reduces the accuracy of external validity

Explanation:

This is because the research is a small sample of low achiever which cannot be used to extrapolate with whole population because of different level achiever groups. To eradicate this problem, there is Need to increase the size of sample group.

Answer : The new volume of was, 5.17 L

Explanation :

Charles' Law : It states that volume of the gas is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas at constant pressure and number of moles of gas.

Mathematically,

[tex]\frac{V_1}{T_1}=\frac{V_2}{T_2}[/tex]

where,

[tex]V_1\text{ and }T_1[/tex] are the initial volume and temperature of the gas.

[tex]V_2\text{ and }T_2[/tex] are the final volume and temperature of the gas.

We are given:

[tex]V_1=5.00L\\T_1=25^oC=(25+273)K=298K\\V_2=?\\T_2=35^oC=(35+273)K=308K[/tex]

Putting values in above equation, we get:

[tex]\frac{5.00L}{298K}=\frac{V_2}{308K}\\\\V_2=5.17L[/tex]

Therefore, the new volume of was, 5.17 L

Answer:

They should obtain the same Rf for the same compounds.

Explanation:

The Rf is defined as A/B. Where A is the displacement of the substance of interest, and B is the solvent front.

By dividing the substance's displacement by B, we make it so that the Rf factor is equal for identical compounds in the same mobile phase, no matter what the solvent front is.

Approximately 1764.21 grams of sodium bicarbonate are needed to neutralize a spill of 1.75 L of concentrated HCl, assuming a concentration of 12 M for the HCl.

To determine the mass of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) needed to neutralize a spill of 1.75 L of concentrated HCl, one must first know the concentration of the hydrochloric acid (HCl). However, if we assume that 'concentrated' HCl is approximately 12 M (molar), we could proceed with the calculation. The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between sodium bicarbonate and hydrochloric acid is:

From this equation, there is a one-to-one mole ratio between HCl and NaHCO₃. Thus, the moles of HCl that spilled are:

Since the mole ratio is 1:1, 21 moles of sodium bicarbonate are also required. The molar mass of NaHCO₃ is 84.01 g/mol, so you would need:

Therefore, to neutralize the acid spill, you would need approximately 1764.21 grams of sodium bicarbonate.

Explanation:

The Lewis dot diagram shows how electrons participate in a bond with Carbon and Chlorine. This is shown by the sticks and the 2 paired electrons near the carbon atom which represent the bonds. These electrons form these bonds because they form octets when they are bonded which most molecules and compounds follow

Hoped this helped, 2Trash4U

Answer: Chlorine and Carbon exhibits covalent bonding which involves the sharing if electrons. Carbon is less electronegative than Chlorine so it is considered as the central atom on this compound. Carbon shares it 4 valence electrons on Cl to attain octet. Now Chlorine is more electronegative so it will receive the lone pairs based from the Lewis structure.

Since C os in group 4 and Cl in group 7 the number of electrons will be:

C = 4

Cl= 7 x 4

# of e- = 32 - 8 ( the number of bonds)

Total number of e-. = 26 e-

Distribute the electrons to the most electronegative atom which is Cl have 6 e- each to attain octet.

Explanation:

Answer:aluminum develops a coating of aluminum oxide,

Explanation:

Aluminium has an electrode potential value of -1.66V while iron has an electrode potential value of -0.44V for iron II and +0.77 V for iron III. Clearly, aluminum has a more negative value of electrode potential and ought to be more reactive. However, a protective coating formed on aluminium surface prevents corrosion of the metal.

Answer:

Sum of coefficients in balanced equation is 18

Explanation:

Unbalanced equation: [tex]Mg_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}+C\rightarrow Mg_{3}P_{2}+CO[/tex]

Balance O: [tex]Mg_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}+C\rightarrow Mg_{3}P_{2}+8CO[/tex]

Balance C: [tex]Mg_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}+8C\rightarrow Mg_{3}P_{2}+8CO[/tex]

Balanced equation:[tex]Mg_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}+8C\rightarrow Mg_{3}P_{2}+8CO[/tex]

Sum of coefficients in balanced equation = (1+8+1+8) = 18

So, option (4) is correct.

Answer: The Note

Explanation: Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemical substances that transmits signals through a NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTIONS.

The signals are transmit from one NERVE CELL TO THE TARGET POINT such as Muscle cell,gland cell etc. Neurotransmissiom require the presence of synapse(the structure or medium through which neurosignals which can be an electrical or chemical signals to pass through).

In the scenario presented, the neurotransmitter is represented by the note that Emily floats across the river to Dylan. Like neurotransmitters in our body, this note carries a message through the synapse (the river) to another neuron (Dylan).

In this scenario, Emily's note that is being floated across the river to Dylan would represent the neurotransmitter. The river represents the synapse, which is the gap between two neurons. Neurotransmitters are molecules that neurons use to communicate across this gap. They're like the 'note' or 'message' that gets sent from one neuron to another. After being released by the sender neuron (in this case represented by Emily), neurotransmitters navigate through the synapse (the river) to reach the receiver neuron (Dylan), transmitting specific messages that allow various biological functions to occur.

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Answer:

b. respiration

Explanation:

Food is converted into energy that can be used by the cells of the body by the process of cellular respiration. In cellular respiration, glucose and oxygen are combined and converted into water and carbon dioxide and energy. The produced energy is transferred to ATP.

In the presence of oxygen, cells convert glucose into energy through a process called aerobic metabolism, which is also referred to as cellular respiration. This process involves several stages and results in the formation of ATP, carbon dioxide, and water.

Cellular Respiration and Energy Conversion

In the presence of oxygen, cells convert glucose into energy via a process known as aerobic metabolism (option d), which is a type of cellular respiration. The term 'respiration' is often used to describe this process as well (option b). Aerobic metabolism involves the conversion of glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy that is stored in molecules of ATP. This energy conversion process comprises several stages, including Glycolysis, Transformation of Pyruvate, the Krebs Cycle, and Oxidative phosphorylation. In contrast, anaerobic metabolism (a) occurs in the absence of oxygen and involves different pathways such as anaerobic glycolysis or fermentation.

Cellular respiration is a crucial part of energy metabolism for all aerobic organisms, allowing them to harness energy from food. It is a complex yet beautifully orchestrated series of chemical reactions that take place within the cells, more specifically within the mitochondria. The process ultimately results in the production of ATP, which is the primary energy carrier within the cell.

Answer:

b. household ammonia

Explanation:

Basic solution -

A solution is considered to be basic in nature , if it is capable to release [tex]OH^-[/tex]ions .

The pH of a basic solution is always greater than 7 .

The taste of a basic solution is bitter .

From the given options of the question ,

The basic solution is the household ammonia.

Rest  HCl , Vinegar are acidic in nature ,

And ,

Pure water is neutral.  ( where, pH = 7 ) .

Answer : The value correspond to in miles per gallon is, 20.6976 mile/gallon

Explanation :

The conversion used to convert kilometer to miles is:

1 km = 0.6214 miles

The conversion used to convert liter to gallon is:

1 L = 0.2642 gallons

Thus,

1 km/L = [tex]\frac{0.6214}{0.2642}mile/gallon[/tex]

1 km/L = 2.352 mile/gallon

As we are given that 8.8 km/L of gasoline. Now we have to convert it into mile/gallon.

As, 1 km/L = 2.352 mile/gallon

So, 8.8 km/L = [tex]\frac{8.8km/L}{1km/L}\times 2.352mile/gallon[/tex]

                     = 20.6976 mile/gallon

Thus, the value correspond to in miles per gallon is, 20.6976 mile/gallon

To convert the fuel economy from km/L to mpg, multiply the km/L value by 2.8248.

To convert the fuel economy from kilometers per liter (km/L) to miles per gallon (mpg), we can use the conversion factor:

1 km/L = 2.8248 mpg

So, to find the fuel economy in miles per gallon, we multiply 8.8 km/L by 2.8248:

8.8 km/L × 2.8248 mpg = 24.89904 mpg

Therefore, the fuel economy of the rental car is approximately 24.9 miles per gallon.

Answer:

[HCl] = 2.77 M   (option b)

Explanation:

A 10% by mass is an information that means, 10 g of solute are contained in 100 g of solution.

Density is mass / volume and it always corresponds to solution.

So solution mass is 100 g. Let's find out solution volume with density

Solution mass / Solution volume = Solution density

100 g / Solution volume = 1.01 g/mL

100 g / 1.01 g/mL = 99 mL

In conclusion our 10 g of HCl are contained in 99 mL of solution

Molarity is mol of solute in 1L of solution

Let's convert the mass to moles (mass / molar mass)

10 g / 36.45 g/mol = 0.274 moles

Let's convert the mL in L

99 mL = 0.099L

Molarity is mol/L → 0.274 mol / 0.099L = 2.77M

Final answer:

To calculate the molarity of a 10.0% (by mass) aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid, you can follow a step-by-step procedure. The molarity of the solution is approximately 2.77 M.

Explanation:

To calculate the molarity of a 10.0% (by mass) aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid, we need to first determine the amount of HCl in grams in the solution. Then, we convert the grams of HCl to moles using its molar mass. Finally, we divide the moles of HCl by the volume of the solution in liters to obtain the molarity.

Given that the solution has a density of 1.01 g/mL and is 10.0% HCl by mass, we can assume a 100 g sample of the solution, which would contain 10 g of HCl. Converting the volume of the solution to liters, we have 100 g ÷ 1.01 g/mL = 99.01 mL ÷ 1000 mL/L = 0.09901 L.

Now, we calculate the moles of HCl: moles = grams ÷ molar mass. The molar mass of HCl is approximately 36.46 g/mol. So, moles = 10 g ÷ 36.46 g/mol ≈ 0.274 mol. Finally, we divide moles by volume (in liters) to get the molarity: Molarity = 0.274 mol ÷ 0.09901 L ≈ 2.77 M.

Answer:

Phosphide ion

Explanation:

To achieve an octet, the phosphorus atom forms an ion. The name of this ion is Phosphide ion

Phosphorous have 15 electrons in shell. This means it has 5 electrons in its outer most shell well this means it requires 3 more electrons to complete its octate. Thus Phosphorus changes to phosphide ion with negative 3 sign  on it.

Answer:

5.38 moles of CO₂ are produced

Explanation:

This is the reaction:

C₃H₈  +  5O₂  →  3CO₂  +  4H₂O

First of all, let's convert the mass of C₃H₈ to moles (mass / molar mass)

79 g / 44 g/mol = 1.79 moles

So ratio is 1:3.

1 mol of C₃H₈ is needed to produce  3 moles of CO₂

1.79 moles of C₃H₈ would produce (1.79  .3) /1 =  5.38 moles

Answer:

The root mean square speed of O2 gas molecules is

519.01 m/s

Explanation:

The root mean square velocity  :

[tex]v_{rms}=\sqrt{\frac{3RT}{M}}[/tex]

[tex]K.E_{avg}=\frac{3}{2}RT[/tex]

[tex]K.E =\frac{1}{2}mv_{rms}^{2}[/tex]

Molar mass , M

For He = 4 g/mol

For O2 = 2 x 16 = 32 g/mol

O2 = 32/1000 = 0.032 Kg/mol

First calculate the temperature at which the K.E of He is 4310J/mol

K.E of He =

[tex]K.E_{avg}=\frac{3}{2}RT[/tex]

[tex]T=\frac{2(K.E)}{3(R)}[/tex]

K.E of He = 4310 J/mol

[tex]T=\frac{2(4310J/mol)}{3(8.314J/Kmol)}[/tex]

[tex]T=345.60K[/tex]

Now , Use Vrms to calculate the velocity of O2

[tex]v_{rms}=\sqrt{\frac{3(8.314J/Kmol)(345.60K)}{0.032Kg/mol}}[/tex]

[tex]v_{rms}=\sqrt{\frac{8619.9552}{0.032}}[/tex]

[tex]v_{rms}=\sqrt{26935.001}[/tex]

[tex]v_{rms}=519.01m/s[/tex]

The root mean square speed of O2 gas molecules can be calculated using the average kinetic energy of He gas and the formula Urms = sqrt(3 * kB * T / m).

The root mean square speed (Urms) of gas molecules can be calculated using the equation:

Urms = sqrt(3 * kB * T / m)

Where kB is the Boltzmann constant (1.38 x 10^-23 J/K), T is the temperature in Kelvin, and m is the molar mass of the gas.

Since the average kinetic energy (KEavg) of helium gas (He) is given as 4310 J/mol, we can assume that the temperature is the same for He and oxygen gas (O2). We know that the root mean square speed of He gas is close to 500 m/s. By using the equation and the given data, we can calculate the root mean square speed of O2 gas molecules.

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Answer:

The answer to your question is 7.77 x 10²² molecules of Glucose

Explanation:

Data

Number of molecules = ?

Mass = 23.3 g

Molecular mass of Glucose = 180 g

Avogadro's number = 6.023 x 10²³

Process

1.- Calculate the moles of Glucose in 23.3    

                      180 g ------------------ 1 mol

                       23.3 g ---------------- x

                       x = (23.3 x 1) / 180

                       x = 0.129 moles

2.- Use Avogadro's number to calculate the number of molecules

                        1 mol of Glucose ------------- 6.023 x 10²³ molecules

                      0.129 moles          --------------   x

                         x = (0.129 x 6.023 x 10²³) / 1

                         x = 7.77 x 10²² molecules                      

The number of molecules of glucose in 23.3 g of the substance is  7.77 x 10^23

To determine the number of molecules of glucose (C6H12O6) in 23.3 g of the substance, you need to use the concept of moles. First, calculate the molar mass of glucose by adding up the atomic masses of its constituent elements. This gives you a molar mass of 180.16 g/mol. Next, use the formula:

moles = mass (g) / molar mass (g/mol)

Substituting the values, you get:

moles = 23.3 g / 180.16 g/mol = 0.129 moles of glucose

Since one mole of any substance contains Avogadro's number of molecules (6.022 x 10^23), multiply the number of moles by Avogadro's number to get the number of molecules:

0.129 moles x 6.022 x 10^23 molecules/mol = 7.77 x 10^23 molecules of glucose

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Answer:

CHO2- ion

Explanation:

We have the lewis structure of a formate-ion here

This is CHO2-.

The carbon atom is the central atom in the structure. It's the least electronegative atom (C). Carbon has 4 valence electrons. Oxygen has 6 valence electrons.

The carbon will bind with 1 hydrogen atom, this will form 1 single bond, because hydrogen has 1 valence electron.

The carbon will bind with oxygen via a double bond.

Since carbon has only 4 valence electrons, it can only form 1 bond with the other oxygen atom.

There will formed 1 double bond between C and O and 1 single bond between C and O resulting in a negative charged O-atom.

This means there are two resonance structures. for the CHO2-  ion

Organic chemistry is a branch of chemistry studying carbon-containing compounds. While it traditionally focused on naturally occurring compounds, it now includes human-made substances. Applications range from pharmaceuticals to plastics.

Organic chemistry is a sub-discipline of chemistry that involves the study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of carbon-containing compounds, which includes not only hydrocarbons but also compounds with any number of other elements, including hydrogen (most compounds contain at least one carbon-hydrogen bond), nitrogen, oxygen, halogens, phosphorus, silicon, and sulfur.

This branch of chemistry was traditionally limited to compounds produced by living organisms but has been broadened to include human-made substances such as plastics. The range of application of organic compounds is enormous and also includes, but is not limited to, pharmaceuticals, dyes, coatings, plastics, and many more.

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Answer:

moles B = 2.32 moles

Explanation:

In this case, we can assume that both gases are ideals, so we can use the expression for an ideal gas which is:

PV = nRT

From here, we can calculate the total moles (n) that are in the container, and then, by difference, we can calculate how much we have of gas B.

For this case, we will use R = 0.082 L atm / mol K. Solving for n:

n = PV/RT

n = 5 * 20 / 0.082 * 303

n = 4.02 moles

If we have 4.02 moles between the two gases, and we have 1.70 from gas A, then from gas B we simply have:

Total moles = moles A + moles B

moles B = Total moles - moles A

moles B = 4.02 - 1.70

moles B = 2.32 moles

We have 2.32 moles of gas B

Considering the ideal gas law, 2.32 moles of Gas B are present in the mixture.

Ideal gases are a simplification of real gases that is done to study them more easily. It is considered to be formed by point particles, do not interact with each other and move randomly. It is also considered that the molecules of an ideal gas, in themselves, do not occupy any volume.

The pressure, P, the temperature, T, and the volume, V, of an ideal gas, are related by a simple formula called the ideal gas law:  

P×V = n×R×T

where P is the gas pressure, V is the volume that occupies, T is its temperature, R is the ideal gas constant, and n is the number of moles of the gas. The universal constant of ideal gases R has the same value for all gaseous substances.

In this case, you know:

Replacing in the ideal gas law:

5 atm× 20 L= n× 0.082[tex]\frac{atmL}{molK}[/tex]× 303 K

Solving:

[tex]n=\frac{5 atmx20 L}{0.082\frac{atmL}{molK}x303 K }[/tex]

n= 4.02 moles

You have 4.02 moles between the two gases, and you have 1.70 from gas A. Then the number of moles of gas B can be calculated as:

Total moles = moles A + moles B

4.02 moles= 1.70 moles + moles B

4.02 moles - 1.70 moles= moles B

2.32 moles= moles B

Finally, 2.32 moles of Gas B are present in the mixture.

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Answer: The electronic configuration of the elements are written below.

Explanation:

Electronic configuration is defined as the representation of electrons around the nucleus of an atom.

Number of electrons in an atom is determined by the atomic number of that atom.

For the given options:

Carbon is the 6th element of the periodic table. The number of electrons in carbon atom are 6.

The electronic configuration of carbon is [tex]1s^22s^22p^2[/tex]

Phosphorus is the 15th element of the periodic table. The number of electrons in phosphorus atom are 15.

The electronic configuration of phosphorus is [tex]1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^3[/tex]

Vanadium is the 23rd element of the periodic table. The number of electrons in vanadium atom are 23.

The electronic configuration of vanadium is [tex]1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^64s^23d^3[/tex]

Antimony is the 51st element of the periodic table. The number of electrons in antimony atom are 51.

The electronic configuration of antimony is [tex]1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^64s^23d^{10}4p^65s^24d^{10}5p^3[/tex]

Samarium is the 62nd element of the periodic table. The number of electrons in samarium atom are 62.

The electronic configuration of samarium is [tex]1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^64s^23d^{10}4p^65s^24d^{10}5p^66s^24f^6[/tex]

Hence, the electronic configuration of the elements are written above.

The electrons configurations of the elements C, P, V, Sb, and Sm were determined using complete subshell notation. It depicts the filling of electrons into s, p, d, and f orbitals at different energy levels according to the Aufbau Principle.

The electron configurations in complete subshell notation for the elements specified (C, P, V, Sb, and Sm) would be as following:

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Answer:

mL sugar sold needed = 2.2215 mL sugar

Explanation:

mass sugar = 7.57 g

∴ wt% = 5% = (g sugar/g sln)×100

⇒ 0.05 = g sugar/g sln

∴ g sln = 100 g

⇒ g sugar = 5 g

∴ δ sugar = 1.157 g/mL

⇒ mL sugar = (5 g)×(mL/1.157 g) = 4.322 mL

⇒ mL sugar needed = (7.57 g)/(1.157 g/mL) = 6.543 mL

mL of the sugar sold needed = 6.543 mL - 4.322 mL = 2.2215 mL sugar

To find the mL of the sugar sold needed to deliver 7.57 g of sugar, calculate the grams of sugar in the solution and convert it to volume using the density of sugar.

To find the number of mL of the sugar solution needed to deliver 7.57 g of sugar, we first need to calculate the number of grams of sugar in the solution. Since the sugar solution is 5% by weight, for every 100g of solution, there is 5g of sugar. Therefore, the number of grams of sugar in the solution is 5% of the solution's weight.

Next, we need to find the volume of the solution in mL. The density of sugar is given as 1.157 g/mL. So, to convert the weight of the sugar solution to volume, we divide the weight by the density.

Using the given information, we can calculate the number of mL of the sugar solution needed to deliver 7.57 g of sugar.

Answer: Arginine.

Explanation: Arginine is an amino acid that is used for the biosynthesis of protein. It is made up of an α-amino group, an α-carboxylic acid group, & a side chain consisting of a 3-carbon aliphatic straight chain ending in a guanidino group. At physiological pH, the carboxylic acid is deprotonated (−COO−), the amino group is protonated (−NH3+), and the guanidino group is also protonated to give the guanidinium form (-C-(NH2)2+), making arginine a charged, aliphatic amino acid.

The amino acid when incorporated into a polypeptide chain (not at the N or C terminus), make the charge of the polypeptide more positive is Arginine.

Thus, the amino acid is Arginine.

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The ship meant to transport the 'terranauts' to the Earth's core could potentially be made of a hypothetical material, like 'Unobtainium', capable of enduring extreme conditions.

The material of the ship transporting the terranauts to the core is not explicitly mentioned, but the answer would depend on the context provided by the source material (for instance, a science-fiction story or movie). In general, however, a material capable of withstanding extreme temperatures and pressures would be required for such a journey. This could potentially be a hypothetical, highly resilient element, such as Unobtainium (D).

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Answer:

a. the negative ends of water molecules surround the positive ions.

Explanation:

Ionization reaction is defined as the reaction in which an ionic compound dissociates into its ions when dissolved in aqueous solution.

Thus,

[tex]NaCl_{(s)}\rightarrow Na^+_{(aq)}+Cl^-_{(aq)}[/tex]

When the ionic compound dissociates, the cation which is positively charged gets attracted to the oxygen (Negative ends) which is present in the water. The anion which is negatively charged gets attracted to the hydrogen (Positive ends) of the water.

Hence, the correct option is:- a. the negative ends of water molecules surround the positive ions.

When an ionic compound dissolves in water, the positive end of the water molecule surrounds the negative ions, and the negative end of the water molecule surrounds the positive ions.

When an ionic compound dissolves in water, the water molecules surround the individual ions and pull them apart through a process known as dissolving or hydration. Specifically, the positive end of the water molecule (which is the hydrogen end) surrounds the negative ions, while the negative end of the water molecule (which is the oxygen end) surrounds the positive ions. So, the correct answer is: (a) the negative ends of the water molecules surround the positive ions and (c) the positive ends of water molecules surround the negative ions. Therefore, water is described as a polar solvent, due to its capability to dissolve many ionic substances.

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Answer:

Drift speed of electrons will be 1.056x10^-4 m/s

Given Data:

A(area)= 5.4 x 10^-6 [tex]m^{2}[/tex]

I(current)= 5.5 A

Density= 2.7 [tex]g/cm^{3}[/tex]

The equation for drift velocity is:

[tex]v(drift)=I/nqA[/tex]

In this case 'q' will be charge of electron which is= 1.6 x 10-19

As each atoms supplies one conduction electron, so number of conduction electrons will be equal to number of atoms.

Hence,

n= no. of conduction electrons/[tex]m^{3}[/tex] = no. of atoms/[tex]m^{3}[/tex]

To find 'n' we can use following equation:

[tex]n= (mass/cm^{3} *atoms/mol)/(mass/mol)[/tex]

We know atoms/mol is equal to Avogadro`s number i.e 6.02 x 10^23

and molar mass of aluminium is 26.982 g.

Now,

[tex]n=(2.7g/cm^{3} * 6.02*10^{23} )/25.982g[/tex]    (putting values in above equation)

[tex]n=6.024*10^{22} electrons/cm^{3}[/tex]

[tex]n= 6.024*10^{22} *10^{6} electrons/m^{3}[/tex] (converting electrons/cm3 to electrons/m3)

[tex]n= 6.024*10^{28} electrons/m^{3}[/tex]

To find drift velocity, we will use equations mention before:

[tex]v(drift)=I/nqA[/tex]

[tex]v(drift)=5.5A/(6.024*10^{28}electrons/m^{3} *1.6*10^{-19}C* 5.4*10^{-6}m^{2} )[/tex]

[tex]v(drift)= 1.056*10^{-4} m/s[/tex]

The drift velocity of electrons in the aluminum wire is 1.353 × 10^-3 m/s.

The drift velocity of electrons in a wire can be calculated using the formula Vd = I / (nqA), where Vd is the drift velocity, I is the current, n is the number of free electrons per unit volume, q is the charge of an electron, and A is the cross-sectional area of the wire.

In this case, the cross-sectional area of the aluminum wire is given as 5.40 × 10-6 m2 and the current is 5.50 A. The charge of an electron is -1.60 × 10-19 C. To calculate the number of free electrons per unit volume, we need to know the density of aluminum and the molar mass of aluminum.

Using the given data, the drift velocity of the electrons in the aluminum wire can be calculated as follows:

Vd = (5.50 A) / [(8.44 × 1028 m-3) × (-1.60 × 10-19 C) × (5.40 × 10-6 m2)] = 1.353 × 10-3 m/s.