Answer:
It's true. Potential energy is actually the concentrations of different elements. Diffusion is the process of moving the elements or materials from the area of high concentration (high potential energy) to the low concentration. So in bot facilitated and simple types of diffusion the level of potential energy decreases across the membrane.
Explanation:
A bullet is fired from a rifle that is held 1.60 m above the ground in a horizontal position. The initial speed of the bullet is 1058 m/s. Calculate the time it takes for the bullet to strike the ground.
Answer:
time takes for the bullet to strike the ground is 0.5711 second
Explanation:
given data
height h = 1.60 m
initial speed u = 1058 m/s
solution
we get here time that is express here as
time = [tex]\sqrt{\frac{2h}{g}}[/tex] ......................1
put here value and we will get here time that is
time = [tex]\sqrt{\frac{2*1.60}{9.81}}[/tex]
time = 0.5711 second
so time takes for the bullet to strike the ground is 0.5711 second
Final answer:
The time it takes for a bullet to strike the ground when fired horizontally from 1.60 m is calculated using the equation t = √(2h/g). Substitute 1.60 m for h and 9.81 m/s² for g to obtain t ≈ 0.571 seconds.
Explanation:
Calculating the Time for a Bullet to Strike the Ground
To calculate the time it takes for a bullet to strike the ground when fired from a horizontal position 1.60 meters above the ground with an initial speed of 1058 m/s, we can use the equations of motion for uniformly accelerated motion (in this case, the acceleration due to gravity). Since the bullet is fired horizontally, there is no initial vertical velocity component, so the vertical motion can be treated as a free-fall problem.
Using the formula for the time of free fall (t) from a height (h):
t = √(2h/g), where g is the acceleration due to gravity (approximately 9.81 m/s²).
Plugging in the given height of 1.60 m and solving for t gives us:
t = √(2 * 1.60 m / 9.81 m/s²) = √(0.3261 s²) ≈ 0.571 seconds.
Therefore, the bullet will take approximately 0.571 seconds to hit the ground.
A model of a helicopter rotor has four blades, each of length 3.0 m from the central shaft to the blade tip. The model is rotated in a wind tunnel at a rotational speed of 560 rev/min.part A :What is the linear speed of the bladetip?part B :What is the radial acceleration of the bladetip expressed as a multiple of the acceleration of gravity,g?
Answer with Explanation:
We are given that
r=3 m
Angular frequency=[tex]\omega[/tex]=560rev/min
A.1 revolution=[tex]2\pi[/tex] radian
560 revolutions=[tex]560\times 2\pi[/tex] rad
Angular frequency=[tex]2\times 3.14\times \frac{560}{60}[/tex]rad/s
1 min=60 s
[tex]\pi=3.14[/tex]
Angular frequency=[tex]\omega=58.6rad/s[/tex]
Linear speed=[tex]\omega r[/tex]
Using the formula
Linear speed=[tex]58.6\times 3=175.8m/s[/tex]
Hence, the linear speed of the blade tip=175.8m/s
B.Radial acceleration=[tex]a_{rad}=\frac{v^2}{r}[/tex]
By using the formula
Radial acceleration=[tex]a_{rad}=\frac{(175.8)^2}{3}= 10.301\times 10^3m/s^2[/tex]
Radial acceleration=[tex]\frac{10.301}{9.8}g\times 10^3=1.05\times 10^3 g[/tex]
Where [tex]g=9.8m/s^2[/tex]
Hence, the radial acceleration[tex]=1.05\times 10^3 g[/tex]
A physics demo launches a ball horizontally while dropping a second ball vertically at exactly the same time. Trajectories of two balls. The balls are initially placed at the same height above the ground. The first ball moves vertically downward, and hits the ground directly below the initial point. The second ball is launched horizontally, and follows a parabolic trajectory until it hits the ground at some horizontal distance from the initial point. Which ball hits the ground first?
Answer:
The two balls will hit the ground at the same time neglecting air resistance.
Explanation:
The vertical motion of the two ball are independent of each other. Also, the balls are falling from the same height in the same time. The ball projected horizontal neglecting air resistance is traveling with a constant velocity ( the same distance in the equal time) has only force of gravity acting on it. They will therefore hit the ground at the same time because they are acted upon by the same acceleration in the same time from the same height.
The vertical and horizontal motions of an object are independent. Hence, despite different trajectories, a ball dropped vertically and a ball launched horizontally from the same height will hit the ground simultaneously, as exemplified by Galileo's thought experiment.
Explanation:In the realm of Physics, an interesting question has been asked: Which ball hits the ground first - a ball that is dropped vertically or a ball that is launched horizontally? According to the principle of independence of motion, the horizontal motion and the vertical motion of an object are independent of each other. It implies that the horizontal velocity of a body has no effect on its vertical velocity. Thus, the ball dropped directly and the ball launched horizontally would strike the ground at the same time. Both balls are subjected to the same gravitational acceleration (g), without any initial vertical velocity.
This concept is a perfect illustration of Galileo's thought experiment, whereby he proved that the time for the balls to hit the ground is determined by their vertical motion alone and that horizontal motion does not affect the descent time.
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Millikan is doing his oil drop experiment. He has a droplet with radius 1.6 µm suspended motionless in a uniform electric field of 46 N/C. The density of the oil is 0.085 g/cm3 . Calculate for Millikan the charge on the droplet. Is quantization of charge obeyed within the precision of this experiment?
Answer:
The charge on the droplet is [tex]3.106\times10^{-16}\ C[/tex].
Yes, quantization of charge is obeyed within experimental error.
Explanation:
Given that,
Radius = 1.6μm
Electric field = 46 N/C
Density of oil = 0.085 g/cm³
We need to calculate the charge on the droplet
Using formula of force
[tex]F= qE[/tex]
[tex]mg=qE[/tex]
[tex]V\times\rho\times g=qE[/tex]
[tex]q=\dfrac{V\times\rho}{E}[/tex]
[tex]q=\dfrac{\dfrac{4}{3}\pi\times r^3\times\rho\times g}{E}[/tex]
Put the value into the formula
[tex]q=\dfrac{\dfrac{4}{3}\times\pi\times(1.6\times10^{-6})^3\times85\times9.8}{46}[/tex]
[tex]q=3.106\times10^{-16}\ C[/tex]
We need to calculate the quantization of charge
Using formula of quantization
[tex]n = \dfrac{q}{e}[/tex]
Put the value into the formula
[tex]n=\dfrac{3.106\times10^{-16}}{1.6\times10^{-19}}[/tex]
[tex]n=1941.25[/tex]
Yes, quantization of charge is obeyed within experimental error.
Hence, The charge on the droplet is [tex]3.106\times10^{-16}\ C[/tex].
Yes, quantization of charge is obeyed within experimental error.
Answer:
3.11 x 10^-16 C
Explanation:
radius of drop, r = 1.6 micro metre = 1.6 x 10^-6 m
Electric field, E = 46 N/C
density of oil, d = 0.085 g/cm³ = 85 kg/m³
Let the charge on the oil drop is q.
So, the weight of the drop is balanced by the electric force on the drop.
mass of drop x g = charge of the drop x electric field
m x g = q E
Volume x density x g = q E
[tex]\frac{4}{3} \pi\times r^{3}\times d\times g = q \times E[/tex]
[tex]\frac{4}{3} \pi\times 1.6^{3}\times 10^{-18}\times 85\times 9.8 = q \times 46[/tex]
q = 3.11 x 10^-16 C
Thus, the charge on the oil drop is 3.11 x 10^-16 C.
A student decides to measure the muzzle velocity of a pellet shot from his gun. He points the gun horizontally. He places a target on a vertical wall a distance x away from the gun. The pellet hits the target a vertical distance y below the gun.
(a) Show that the position of the pellet when traveling through the air is given by y = Ax^2, where A is a constant.
(b) Express the constant A in terms of the initial velocity v and the free-fall acceleration g.
(c) If x = 3 m and y = 0.21 m, what is the initial speed of the pellet?
Answer:
a) y = A x² , b) A = - ½ g / v₀², c) v₀ = 15.46 m / s
Explanation:
For this problem of two-dimensional kinematics, we will use that the time to reach the wall is the same
X axis
x = v₀ₓ t
t = x / v₀ₓ
Y Axis
y = [tex]v_{oy}[/tex] t - ½ g t²
As it shoots horizontally the vertical speed is zero
y = - ½ g t²
We replace
y = - ½ g (x / v₀ₓ)²
The initial speed is all horizontal
v₀ₓ = v₀
y = - ½ g / v₀² x²
y = A x²
b) the expression for the constant is
A = - ½ g / v₀²
c) we look for the initial speed
v₀² = - ½ g x² / y
As the object falls below the exit point its height is negative
v₀ = √ (- ½ 9.8 3²/ (-0.21))
v₀ = 15.46 m / s
A woman exerts a total force of 7 pounds in a horizontal direction on a box as she pushes it up a ramp that is 10 feet long and inclined at an angle of 30 degrees above the horizontal. Find the work done on the box.
Answer:
W = 60.62 ft-lbs
Explanation:
given,
Horizontal force = 7 lb
distance of push, d = 10 ft
angle of ramp, θ = 30°
Work done on the box = ?
We know,
Work done is equal to force into displacement.
W = F.d cos θ
W = 7 x 10 x cos 30°
W = 70 x 0.8660
W = 60.62 ft-lbs
Hence, work done on the box is equal to W = 60.62 ft-lbs
According to the Stefan-Boltzmann law, how much energy is radiated into space per unit time by each square meter of the Sun’s surface? If the Sun’s radius is 696,000 km, what is the total power output of the Sun?
Answer:
[tex]3.8469943828\times 10^{26}\ W[/tex]
Explanation:
[tex]\sigma[/tex] = Stefan-Boltzmann constant = [tex]5.67\times 10^{-8}\ W/m^2K^4[/tex]
T = Surface temperature of the Sun = 5778 K
r = Radius of the Sun = 696000 km
From Stefan-Boltzmann law
[tex]F=\sigma T^4\\\Rightarrow F=5.67\times 10^{-8}\times 5778^4\\\Rightarrow F=63196526.546\ W/m^2K[/tex]
Power is given by
[tex]P=F4\pi r^2\\\Rightarrow P=63196526.546\times 4\pi\times (696000000)^2\\\Rightarrow P=3.8469943828\times 10^{26}\ W[/tex]
The power output of the Sun is [tex]3.8469943828\times 10^{26}\ W[/tex]
I am sitting on a train car traveling horizontally at a constant speed of 50 m/s. I throw a ball straight up into the air.
Describe the motion of the ball as I see it. Is the path taken by the ball different than if I was sitting at rest at home and I threw a ball straight up into the air?
Answer:
Explanation:
I am sitting on a train car traveling horizontally at a constant speed of 50 m/s. I throw a ball straight up into the air. Before , the ball gets separated from my hand , both me the ball will be moving with velocity of 50 m /s in horizontal direction .
As soon as ball is separated from the hand , it acquires addition velocity in upward direction and acceleration in downward direction . This will give relative velocity to the ball with respect to me . So I will see the ball going in upward direction under gravitational acceleration . It appears as if I am sitting at rest and ball is going in upward direction under deceleration . My motion at 50 m/s will have no effect on the motion of ball in upward direction , according to first law of Newton . It is so because ball too will be moving in forward direction with the same speed which will not be visible to me because I too am moving with the same speed.
If I am sitting at rest at home and I threw a ball straight up into the air , I will have the same experience of seeing ball going in similar way as described above.
The ozone molecule O3 has a permanent dipole moment of 1.8×10−30 Cm. Although the molecule is very slightly bent-which is why it has a dipole moment-it can be modeled as a uniform rod of length 2.5×10−10 m with the dipole moment perpendicular to the axis of the rod. Suppose an ozone molecule is in a 8000 N/C uniform electric field. In equilibrium, the dipole moment is aligned with the electric field. But if the molecule is rotated by a small angle and released, it will oscillate back and forth in simple harmonic motion.
What is the frequency f of oscillation?
Answer:
934701926.438 Hz
Explanation:
Mass of molecule
[tex]m=3\times 16\times 1.67\times 10^{-27}\ kg[/tex]
Moment of inertia is given by
[tex]I=\dfrac{1}{12}ml^2\\\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{1}{12}\times 3\times 16\times 1.67\times 10^{-27}\times (2.5\times 10^{-10})^2\\\Rightarrow I=4.175\times 10^{-46}\ kgm^2[/tex]
E = Electric field = 8000 N/C
p = Dipole moment = [tex]1.8\times 10^{-30}\ Cm[/tex]
l = Length of rod = [tex]2.5\times 10^{-10}\ m[/tex]
Frequency of oscillations is given by
[tex]f=\dfrac{1}{2\pi}\sqrt{\dfrac{pE}{I}}\\\Rightarrow f=\dfrac{1}{2\pi}\sqrt{\dfrac{1.8\times 10^{-30}\times 8000}{4.175\times 10^{-46}}}\\\Rightarrow f=934701926.438\ Hz[/tex]
The frequency of oscillations is 934701926.438 Hz
A block with a mass of 8.7 kg is dropped from rest from a height of 8.7 m, and remains at rest after hitting the ground. 1)If we consider the system to consist of the block, the ground, and the surrounding air, what is the change in the internal energy of the system
To solve this problem we will apply the concepts related to gravitational potential energy.
This can be defined as the product between mass, gravity and body height.
Mathematically it can be expressed as
[tex]\Delta P = mgh[/tex]
[tex]\Delta P = (8.7)(9.8)(3)[/tex]
[tex]\Delta P = 255.78J[/tex]
Therefore the change in the internal energy of the system is 255.78
A drunken sailor stumbles 600 meters north, 550 meters northeast, then 500 meters northwest. What is the total displacement and the angle of the displacement?
We will make a graph to better understand the displacement of the individual. From the trigonometric properties we will find the required distances.
[tex]d_1 = \frac{450}{\sqrt{2}} = 318.198[/tex]
[tex]d_2 = \frac{400}{\sqrt{2}} = 282.843[/tex]
[tex]D = 500+d_1+d_2 = 1101.041[/tex]
Displacement ,
[tex]x = \sqrt{1101.041^2+(318.198-282.843)^2}}[/tex]
[tex]x = 1101.608m[/tex]
The angle would be
[tex]\theta = cos^{-1} (\frac{1101.041}{1101.608})[/tex]
[tex]\theta = E 1.838\° N[/tex]
Therefore the displacement was of 1101.608m to a angle of 1.838° from East to North.
The sailor's total displacement is approximately 1118.16 meters, at an angle of approximately 88.13 degrees north of east.
Explanation:This is a problem of physics specifically in the field of mechanics, about displacement and vectors. To find the total displacement, the directions in which the sailor traveled need to be considered. A north direction has an angle of 90 degrees, northeast is 45 degrees, and northwest is 135 degrees.
Using the Pythagorean theorem and some trigonometry, we can calculate the displacement in the x and y directions. The total displacement in the x direction (East-West) is 550*cos(45) - 500*cos(45) = 35.35 meters (approximately). The total displacement in the y direction (North-South) is 600 + 550*sin(45) + 500*sin(45) = 1116.57 meters (approximately).
The total displacement would then be the square root of (35.35 ^2 + 1116.57 ^2) = 1118.16 meters (approximately).
To find the angle of the displacement, we can use the arctangent function (atan function in most calculators). The angle is atan (1116.57 / 35.35) = 88.13 degrees (approximately).
Therefore, the sailor's total displacement is approximately 1118.16 meters, at an angle of approximately 88.13 degrees north of east.
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NASA communicates with the Space Shuttle and International Space Station using Ku-band microwave radio. Suppose NASA transmits a microwave signal to the International; Space Station using radio waves with a frequency of 18.0 GHz. What is the wavelength of these radio waves?
Answer:
0.0167 m
Explanation:
f = Frequency = 18 GHz
c = Speed of light = [tex]3\times 10^8\ m/s[/tex]
When the speed of the wave is divided by the freqeuncy we get the wavelength
Wavelength is given by
[tex]\lambda=\dfrac{c}{f}\\\Rightarrow \lambda=\dfrac{3\times 10^8}{18\times 10^9}\\\Rightarrow \lambda=0.0167\ m[/tex]
The wavelength of the radio waves is 0.0167 m
As Halley’s comet orbits the sun, its distance from the sun changes dramatically. If the comet’s speed at a distance of 9.8 × 1010 m from the sun is 5.3 × 104 m/s and angular momentum is conserved, what is its speed when it is 3.6 × 1012 m from the sun? Assume the comet can be treated as a point mass. Ignore radial components of momentum
Answer:
The speed of comet is 1442.77 m/s.
Explanation:
Given that,
Speed of comet's [tex]v_{c}= 5.3\times10^{4}\ m/s[/tex]
Distance from the sun [tex]r_{d}=9.8\times10^{10}\ m[/tex]
Distance [tex]r_{far}=3.6\times10^{12}\ m[/tex]
We need to calculate the speed of comet
Using conservation of angular momentum
[tex]L_{f}=L_{i}[/tex]
[tex]I\omega=I\omega[/tex]
Here. [tex]v = r\omega[/tex]
[tex]\omega=\dfrac{v}{r}[/tex]
[tex]mr_{far}^2\times\dfrac{v_{far}}{r_{far}}=mr_{d}^2\times\dfrac{v_{d}}{r_{d}}[/tex]
[tex]r_{far}\times v_{far}=r_{d}\times v_{d}[/tex]
Put the value into the formula
[tex]3.6\times10^{12}\times v_{far}=9.8\times10^{10}\times5.3\times10^{4}[/tex]
[tex]v_{far}=\dfrac{9.8\times10^{10}\times5.3\times10^{4}}{3.6\times10^{12}}[/tex]
[tex]v_{far}=1442.77\ m/s[/tex]
Hence, The speed of comet is 1442.77 m/s.
Final answer:
The speed of Halley's comet when it is 3.6 x 10^12 m away from the sun can be found using the conservation of angular momentum, resulting in a speed of 1.44 x 10^3 m/s.
Explanation:
To find the speed of Halley's comet at a distance of 3.6 × 1012 m from the sun, we will use the conservation of angular momentum. The orbital momentum of an object around the sun is given by L = mrv, where m is the mass of the comet, r is the radius of the orbit (distance from the sun), and v is the velocity of the comet along that radius.
We are given the comet's speed at a distance of 9.8 × 1010 m is 5.3 × 104 m/s. When the comet is at a distance of 3.6 × 1012 m from the sun, we want to find its new speed, v'. Because angular momentum is conserved, the initial and final angular momentum should be equal:
L initial = L final
m r v = m r' v'
Since the mass of the comet, m, cancels out, we are left with:
r v = r' v'
Plugging in the known values, we get:
9.8 × 1010 m × 5.3 × 104 m/s = 3.6 × 1012 m × v'
Therefore:
v' = (9.8 × 1010 × 5.3 × 104) / (3.6 × 1012)
v' = 1.44 × 103 m/s
The speed of Halley's comet at a distance of 3.6 × 1012 m from the sun is thus 1.44 × 103 m/s.
An iron block with mass mB slides down a frictionless hill of height H. At the base of the hill, it collides with and sticks to a magnet with mass mM.
Now assume that the two masses continue to move at the speed v from Part A until they encounter a rough surface. The coefficient of friction between the masses and the surface is μ. If the blocks come to rest after a distance s, which of the following equations would you use to find s?View Available Hint(s)Now assume that the two masses continue to move at the speed from Part A until they encounter a rough surface. The coefficient of friction between the masses and the surface is . If the blocks come to rest after a distance , which of the following equations would you use to find ?((mB)2mB+mM)gH=μmBgs((mB)2mB+mM)gH=μmMgs((mB)2mB+mM)gH=μ(mB+mM)gs((mB)2mB+mM)gH=−μ(mB+mM)gs((mB)2mB+mM)gH=μ(mB+mM)g
The correct equation to use to find the distance 's' when the iron block and magnet come to a rest is ((mB)2mB+mM)gH=μ(mB+mM)gs. This equation represents the conversion of potential energy into work done against friction.
Explanation:((mB)^2 + mM)gH = μ(mB + mM)gs.
This question represents a problem of mechanics in Physics, specifically involving both potential energy and work-energy theorem. The relevant equation to use in finding the distance 's' in this scenario is: ((mB)2mB+mM)gH=μ(mB+mM)gs. This equation derives from setting the initial potential energy of the system equal to the final kinetic energy when it rests, including the energy dissipated due to friction.
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The correct equation to find 's' when an iron block slides down a hill and collides with a magnet before encountering a rough surface, is ((mB)^2 + mB + mM)gH = μ(mB + mM)gs. This equation is derived from equating the kinetic energy at the base of the hill with the work done by friction.
Explanation:The correct equation to use to define s in this scenario would be: ((mB)2mB+mM)gH=μ(mB+mM)gs. This equation stems from equating the energy at the top of the hill (kinetic + potential energy) with the work done against friction (which eventually stops the two masses). Let's understand it in a detailed step-by-step manner.
Step 1: At the base of the hill, the kinetic energy of the block is equal to the potential energy at the top of the hill, which can be represented as (mB + mM)gH = 0.5(mB + mM)v^2. From this, we can turn the speeds into velocities, which in turn gives us v = sqrt(2gH).
Step 2: When the two masses encounter the rough surface, they will lose their kinetic energy due to friction. The total kinetic energy lost, which is equal to work done by friction, can be represented as 0.5(mB + mM)v^2 = μ(mB + mM)gs. Substituting the value of v from step 1 into this equation gives us the final formula: ((mB)^2 + mB + mM)gH = μ(mB + mM)gs.
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t requires1200 kg of coal to produce the energy needed to make 1.0 kg of aluminum metal. If a single soda can requires approximately 15 g of Al, what mass of coal would be needed to produce a 6-pack of cans?
Answer:
The mass of coal is 108 kg.
Explanation:
Given that,
Energy of coal = 1200 kg
Mass of aluminum = 1.0 kg
Energy required for single soda can = 15 g of Al
Energy required for 6 pack of cans = [tex]6\times15=90\ g\ of\ Al[/tex]
We need to calculate the mass of coal
Using formula of mass
[tex]\text{mass of coal}=\dfrac{\text{Energy of coal}\times\text{Energy required for 6 pack of cans}}{\text{Mass of aluminum}}[/tex]
Put the value into the formula
[tex]m=\dfrac{1200\times90\times10^{-3}}{1.0}[/tex]
Put the value into the formula
[tex]m=108\ Kg[/tex]
Hence, The mass of coal is 108 kg.
A firefighting crew uses a water cannon that shoots water at 25.0 m/s at a fixed angle of 53.0° above the horizontal. The fire-fighters want to direct the water at a blaze that is 10.0 m above ground level. How far from the building should they position their cannon? There are two possibilities; can you get them both? (Hint: Start with a sketch showing the trajectory of the water.)
To find out how far the firefighting crew should position their cannon from the building, we use the equations of projectile motion separately for the vertical and the horizontal components. Since there are two viable times that satisfy the conditions of motion, there are two potential positions of the cannon. This question combines the principles of physics, which are specifically related to projectile motion.
Explanation:This question is about the physics of projectile motion, specifically under gravity. To find out how far from the building they should position their cannon, we have to deal with the vertical and horizontal components of the projectile motion separately.
First, we determine the time it takes for the water to reach the desired height. We get this by using the equation of motion: H = V*sin(theta)*t - 0.5*g*t^2, where H is the height above the ground level (10m), V is speed (25.0 m/s), sin(theta) is the vertical component of initial velocity, g is acceleration due to gravity (approximated as 10 m/s^2 for ease of calculation), and t is time. We can rearrange this equation to find t.
Next, we use the time obtained and the horizontal component of initial velocity (V*cos(theta)) to find the horizontal distance made by using the equation: s = V*cos(theta)*t.
The hint here is that there are two potential time values, a smaller one and a larger one, leading to two potential distances from the building that the cannon could be positioned. Both times satisfy the conditions of the motion.
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The firefighting crew should place their cannon either 8.0 meters or 56.1 meters from the building to reach a blaze 10.0 meters above ground.
To determine how far the firefighting crew should position their cannon, we need to analyze the projectile motion of the water. We'll break this down into x-direction (horizontal) and y-direction (vertical) components.
Step-by-Step Solution
1. Break down initial velocity into components
Initial speed, v₀ = 25.0 m/s
Angle, θ = 53.0°
v₀x = v₀ x cos(θ) = 25.0 x cos(53.0°) ≈ 15.0 m/s
v₀y = v₀ x sin(θ) = 25.0 x sin(53.0°) ≈ 20.0 m/s
2. Write the equations of motion
Vertical (y-direction): y = v₀y x t - 0.5 x g x t²
Given y = 10.0 m, v₀y = 20.0 m/s, g = 9.8 m/s²
Using the quadratic formula, we find the time (t) it takes for the water to reach 10.0 m:
10.0 = 20.0 x t - 0.5 x 9.8 x t²
4.9t² - 20.0t + 10.0 = 0
Solving for t, we get t ≈ 0.54 s or t ≈ 3.74 s
Both times are valid because water can take two paths: one on the way up (0.54 s) and one on the way down (3.74 s).
3. Calculate horizontal distance
Distance (x) = v₀x x t
For t ≈ 0.54 s: x = 15.0 x 0.54 ≈ 8.0 m
For t ≈ 3.74 s: x = 15.0 x 3.74 ≈ 56.1 m
Therefore, the cannon can be placed either 8.0 meters or 56.1 meters from the building.
The efficiency of a squeaky pulley system is 73 percent. The pulleys are usedto raise a mass to a certain height. What force is exerted on the machine if arope is pulled 18.0 m in order to raise a 58 kg mass a height of 3.0 m
The efficiency of the machine is defined as
[tex]\eta = \frac{W_{out}}{W_{in}}[/tex]
Here
Work out is the work output and Work in is the work input
To find the Work in we have then
[tex]W_{in} = \frac{W_{out}}{\eta}[/tex]
[tex]W_{in} = \frac{mgh}{\eta}[/tex]
Replacing with our values
[tex]W_{in} = \frac{(58)(9.8)(3)}{73\%}[/tex]
[tex]W_{in} = 2335.89J[/tex]
The work done by the applied force is
W = Fd
Here,
F = Force
d = Distnace
Rearranging to find F,
[tex]F = \frac{W}{d}[/tex]
[tex]F = \frac{2335.89J }{18}[/tex]
F = 129.77N
Therefore the force exerted on the machine after rounding off to two significant figures is 130N
The force exerted on the pulley system when a rope is pulled 18.0 m in order to raise a 58 kg mass a height of 3.0 m with an efficiency of 73 percent is about 129.42 Newtons.
Explanation:To solve this problem, we need to understand the concept of machine efficiency and work. The efficiency of a machine is the ratio of output work to input work.
In this case, the efficiency of the pulley system is given as 73%. Meaning output work is 73% of the input work. The force exerted on the machine is equivalent to the input work divided by the distance pulled.
The output work (W_out) can be determined using the formula W_out = mass * gravity * height = 58 kg * 9.8 m/s^2 * 3.0 m = 1701.6 Joules.
Then, we can find the input work (W_in) using the efficiency formula: W_in = W_out / efficiency = 1701.6 J / 0.73 = 2329.59 Joules.
Finally, we can find the force exerted on the pulley system (F_in) by dividing the input work by the distance pulled: F_in = W_in / distance = 2329.59 J / 18.0 m = 129.42 Newtons.
So, the force exerted on the machine would be approximately 129.42 Newtons.
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An astronaut is in space with a baseball and a bowling ball. The astronaut gives both objects an equal push in the same direction. Does the baseball have the same inertia as the bowling ball? Why? Does the baseball have the same acceleration as the bowling ball from the push? Why? If both balls are traveling at the same speed, does the baseball have the same momentum as the bowling ball?
Answer:
Explanation:
Given
Astronaut in space gives an equal push to baseball and bowling ball.
Since the mass of the bowling ball is more than the baseball so inertia associated with a bowling ball is more as compared to baseball
Force applied on baseball and bowling ball is the same so the acceleration of baseball will be more because the mass of baseball is less.
[tex]Force=mass\times acceleration[/tex]
If both are traveling with the same speed then momentum associated with them is given by-product of mass and velocity
Since the mass of the bowling ball is more, therefore, the momentum of bowling ball is more as compared to baseball
Four point charges each having charge Q are located at the corners of a square having sides of length a. (a) Find an expression for the total electric potential at the center of the square due to the four charges. (Use any variable or symbol stated above along with the following as necessary: ke.)
Answer:
[tex]\displaystyle V_t=36\sqrt{2}\times 10^9 \frac{Q}{a}[/tex]
Explanation:
Electric Potential of Point Charges
The electric potential from a point charge Q at a distance r from the charge is
[tex]\displaystyle V=k\frac{Q}{r}[/tex]
Where k is the Coulomb's constant. The total electric potential for a system of point charges is equal to the scalar sum of their individual potentials. The potential is not a vector, so there is no direction or vectors to deal with.
We are required to compute the total electric potential in the center of the square. We need to know the distance from each corner to the center. The diagonal of the square is
[tex]d=\sqrt2 a[/tex]
where a is the length of the side.
The distance from any corner to the center is half that diagonal, thus
[tex]\displaystyle r=\frac{d}{2}=\frac{a}{\sqrt{2}}[/tex]
The total potential in the center is
[tex]V_t=V_1+V_2+V_3+V_4[/tex]
Please note all the potentials must be calculated including the sign of the charges. Since all the charges are equal to Q, and the distances are the same, the total potential is 4 times the individual potential of each charge.
[tex]V_t=4\times V[/tex]
[tex]\displaystyle V=9\times 10^9 \frac{Q}{\frac{a}{\sqrt{2}}}[/tex]
Operating
[tex]\displaystyle V=9\sqrt{2}\times 10^9 \frac{Q}{a}[/tex]
Thus:
[tex]\displaystyle V_t=4\times 9\sqrt{2}\times 10^9 \frac{Q}{a}[/tex]
[tex]\boxed{\displaystyle V_t=36\sqrt{2}\times 10^9 \frac{Q}{a}}[/tex]
What is the freezing point of an aqueous solution that boils at 101 degrees C? Kfp = 1.86 K/m and Kbp = 0.512 K/m. Enter your answer to 2 decimal places.
Answer:
-3.63 degree Celsius
Explanation:
We are given that
Boiling point of solution=[tex]T_b=101^{\circ}[/tex] C
Boiling point water=100 degree Celsius
[tex]K_f=1.86K/m[/tex]
[tex]K_b=0.512 K/m[/tex]
[tex]\Delta T_b=T-T_0[/tex]
Where [tex]T[/tex]=Boiling point of solution
[tex]T_0=[/tex]Boiling point of pure solvent
[tex]\Delta T_b=101-100=1^{\circ}[/tex]C
[tex]\Delta T_b=k_bm[/tex]
Using the formula
[tex]1=0.512\times m[/tex]
Molality,[tex]m=\frac{1}{0.512}[/tex] m
[tex]\Delta T_f=k_fm[/tex]
Using the formula
[tex]\Delta T_f=\frac{1}{0.512}\times 1.86[/tex]
[tex]\Delta T_f=3.63 C[/tex]
We know that
[tex]\Delta T_f=T_0-T_1[/tex]
Where [tex]T_0[/tex] =Freezing point of solvent
[tex]T_1=[/tex] Freezing point of solution
Using the formula
[tex]3.63=0-T_1[/tex]
Freezing point of water=0 degree Celsius
[tex]T_1=0-3.63=-3.63 C[/tex]
Hence, the freezing point of solution=-3.63 degree Celsius
Final answer:
The freezing point of an aqueous solution can be calculated using the freezing point depression equation ΔTf = Kf * m. In this case, the solution boils at 101°C, indicating the boiling point elevation constant (Kb) is provided. Assuming complete dissociation, we can calculate the freezing point depression to be -0.512°C.
Explanation:
The freezing point depression can be calculated by using the equation:
ΔTf = Kf * m
Where ΔTf is the change in freezing point, Kf is the cryoscopic constant, and m is the molality of the solution.
In this case, since we have the boiling point elevation constant (Kb), we need to use the equation:
ΔTf = Kb * m
Given that Kb is 0.512 K/m and assuming complete dissociation, a 1.0 m aqueous solution of a solute will contain 1.0 mol of particles per kilogram of water. Therefore, the freezing point depression (ΔTf) will be:
ΔTf = 0.512 K/m * 1.0 m = 0.512 K
Since the freezing point of pure water is 0°C, the freezing point of the aqueous solution will be:
0°C - 0.512 K = -0.512°C
Acetone, a component of some types of fingernail polish, has a boiling point of 56°C. What is its boiling point in units of kelvin? Report your answer to the correct number of significant figures.
Answer:
The boiling point of Acetone is 329K (in 3 significant figures)
Explanation:
Boiling point of Acetone = 56°C = 56 + 273K = 329K (in 3 significant figures)
Answer: using the formula 0°C + 273.15 = 273.15K the boiling point in units of kelvin to significant figures is 329.15k.
Explanation: The boiling point of a substance ( acetone) is the temperature at which the vapour pressure of the liquid substance equals the pressure surrounding it. The boiling point of acetone serves as it's characteristic physical properties. This is measured in degree Celsius (°C ) which can be converted to units of Fahrenheit or kelvin. To convert degree Celsius to kelvin this formula is used: 0°C + 273.15 = 273.15K . Given that acetone has boiling point of 56°C,from the formula 0°C is substituted for 56°C. This gives us:
56°C + 273.15= 319.15k.
Also,measurements given in Kelvin will always be larger numbers than in Celsius and the Kelvin temperature scale does not use the degree (°) symbol because Kelvin is an absolute scale, based on absolute zero, while the zero on the Celsius scale is based on the properties of water. I hope this helps. Thanks
A motorist is driving at 20m/s when she sees that a traffic light 200m ahead has just turned red. She knows that this light stays red for 15s, and she wants to reach the light just as it turns green again. It takes her 1.0s to step on the brakes and begin slowing. What is her speed as she reaches the light at the instant it turns green?
Answer:
5.71428571422 m/s
Explanation:
u = Initial velocity = 20 m/s
v = Final velocity
s = Displacement
a = Acceleration
Time taken = 15-1 = 14 s
Distance traveled in 1 second = [tex]20\times 1=20\ m[/tex]
[tex]s=ut+\frac{1}{2}at^2\\\Rightarrow 200-20=20\times 14+\frac{1}{2}\times a\times 14^2\\\Rightarrow a=\frac{2(180-20\times14)}{14^2}\\\Rightarrow a=-1.02040816327\ m/s^2[/tex]
[tex]v=u+at\\\Rightarrow v=20-1.02040816327\times 14\\\Rightarrow v=5.71428571422\ m/s[/tex]
The speed as she reaches the light at the instant it turns green is 5.71428571422 m/s
The final speed of the motorist as she reaches the light is 5.72 m/s
To calculate the speed of the motorist as she reaches the light, we need to first find the deceleration of the motorist.
Formula:
S₁ = ut₁.............. Equation 1Where:
S₁ = displacement of the motorist as its slows downu = initial velocityt₁ = time it takes to slow down.Given:
u = 20 m/st₁ = 1Therefore,
S₁ = 20(1) = 20 mThen,
S = 200-20S = 180 m
Where:
S = distance covered by the motorist before the brake is applied.
we use the formula below to calculate the deceleration of the motorist.
S = ut+at²/2........... Equation 2Where:
a = deceleration of the motorist.Given:
u = 20 m/st = 15-1 = 14 sS = 180 mSubstitute these values into equation 2
180 = 20(14)+a(14²)/2180 = 280+98aSolve for a
98a = 180-28098a = -100a = -100/98a = -1.02 m/s²Finally, we use the formula below to get the speed of the motorist as she reaches the light.
v = u+at............ Equation 3Given:
u = 20 m/sa = -1.02 m/s²t = 14 sSubstitute these values into equation 3
v = 20+(-1.02×14)v = 20-14.28v = 5.72 m/s. Hence, The final speed of the motorist as she reaches the light is 5.72 m/s
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Design an op-amp circuit to provide an output vO =−[2v1 + (v2/2)]. Choose relatively low values of resistors but ones for which the input current (from each input signal source) does not exceed 50 μA for 1-V input signals.
Answer:
Explanation: see attachment
The thermal conductivity of a sheet of rigid insulation is reported to be 0.029 W/(m·K). The temperature difference across a 20 mm thick sheet of insulation is 10˚C. (a) What is the heat flux through a 2m x 2m sheet of this insulation? (b) What is the total rate of heat transfer through the sheet?
Answer:
a)[tex]q=14.5\ W/m^2[/tex]
b)Q= 58 W
Explanation:
Given that
Thermal conductivity ,K = 0.029 W/m.k
The temperature difference ,ΔT= 10°C
The thickness ,L = 20 mm
We know that
[tex]Q=\dfrac{KA}{L}\times \Delta T[/tex]
Now by putting the values
[tex]Q=\dfrac{0.029\times 4}{0.02}\times 10\ W[/tex]
Q= 58 W
The heat flux through the sheet is given as
[tex]q=\dfrac{Q}{A}\ W/m^2[/tex]
[tex]q=\dfrac{58}{2\times 2}\ W/m^2[/tex]
[tex]q=14.5\ W/m^2[/tex]
a)[tex]q=14.5\ W/m^2[/tex]
b)Q= 58 W
Which of the cities that we examined experienced the least significant temperature increase (smallest slopes)?A. Seattle, WA B. Springfield, IL C. Phoenix, AZ D. New York, NY
Springfield has the smallest slope.
Answer: Option B.
Explanation:
Springfield is a city in the United States of America. This city is in the states of Massachusetts. It is besides the river Connecticut river which adds to the beauty of this state.
Springfield is the nick name of the city "The queen of the Ozarks". The other name of this city is "the cultural center of the Ozarks". It has a beautiful scenery and this scenic beauty adds to the tourist attraction to a lot of people all around the world.
Charge 9 × 10−18 C is on the y axis a distance 5 m from the origin and charge 9 × 10−18 C is on the x axis a distance d from the origin. What is the value of d for which the x component of the force on 9 × 10−18 C is the greatest? The Coulomb constant is 8.98755 × 109 N · m2 /C 2 .
Answer:
d = 3.53 m
Explanation:
The Coulomb Force is given as
[tex]\vec{F} = \frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0}\frac{q_1q_2}{r^2}\^r[/tex]
The x-component of the force is equal to
[tex]F_x = F\cos(\theta) = F\frac{x}{\sqrt{x^2 + y^2}} = \frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0}\frac{q_1q_2}{(5^2 + d^2)}\frac{d}{\sqrt{5^2 + d^2}} = \frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0}\frac{dq_1q_2}{(5^2 + d^2)^{3/2}}[/tex]
This is basically a function of (d). So, the maximum value of this function is the point where its derivative with respect to d is equal to zero.
[tex]\frac{dF_x}{dd} = \frac{kq_1q_2}{(d^2 + 5^2)^{3/2}} - \frac{3d^2kq_1q_2}{(d^2 + 5^2)^{5/2}} = 0\\3d^2 = d^2 + 5^2\\2d^2 = 25\\d = 3.53~m[/tex]
The value of d for which the x component of the force on the charge is the greatest, in accordance to Coulomb's Law, is when d equals 5 meters. At this distance, the x and y components of the force are equal, thus maximizing the x component.
Explanation:The scenario you described involves the concept of Coulomb's Law which states the force between two charges is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Looking at your question, the value of d for which the x component of the force on 9×10−18 C is the greatest would be when d equals 5 meters. The charges would then form an equilateral triangle with the origin, meaning the x component and y component of the force would be equal, hence maximizing the x component.
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A dog running in an open field has components of velocity vx = 2.6 m/s and vy = -1.8 m/s at t1 = 10.0 s. For the time interval from t1 = 10.0 s to t2 = 20.0 s, the average acceleration of the dog has magnitude 0.45 m/s2 and direction 31.0o measured from the + x-axis toward the + y-axis. At t2 = 20.0 s, (a) what are the x- and y-components of the dog’s velocity? (b) What are the magnitude and direction of the dog’s velocity? (c) Sketch the velocity vectors at t1 and t2. How do these two vectors differ?
Answer:
a) vₓ = 6,457 m / s , v_{y} = 0.518 m / s , b) v = 6.478 m / s, θ = 4.9°
Explanation:
a) This is a kinematic problem, let's use trigonometry to find the components of acceleration
sin 31 = [tex]a_{y}[/tex] / a
cos 31 = aₓ = a
a_{y} = a sin31
aₓ = a cos 31
Now let's use the kinematic equation for each axis
X axis
vₓ = v₀ₓ + aₓ (t-t₀)
vₓ = v₀ₓ + a cos 31 (t-t₀)
vₓ = 2.6 + 0.45 cos 31 (20-10)
vₓ = 6,457 m / s
Y Axis
v_{y} = v_{oy} + a_{y} t
v_{y} = v_{oy} + a_{y} sin31 (t-to)
v_{y} = -1.8 + 0.45 sin31 (20-10)
v_{y} = 0.518 m / s
b) let's use Pythagoras' theorem to find the magnitude of velocity
v = √ (vₓ² + v_{y}²)
v = √ (6,457² + 0.518²)
v = √ (41.96)
v = 6.478 m / s
We use trigonometry for direction
tan θ = v_{y} / vₓ
θ = tan⁻¹ v_{y} / vₓ
θ = tan⁻¹ 0.518 / 6.457
θ = 4.9°
c) let's look for the vector at the initial time
v₁ = √ (2.6² + 1.8²)
v₁ = 3.16 m / s
θ₁ = tan⁻¹ (-1.8 / 2.6)
θ₁ = -34.7
We see that the two vectors differ in module and direction, and that the acceleration vector is responsible for this change.
a = (v₂ -v₁) / (t₂-t₁)
If the plane is flying in a horizontal path at an altitude of 98.0 m above the ground and with a speed of 73.0 m/s, at what horizontal distance from the target should the pilot release the canister? Ignore air resistance.
Explanation:
The given data is as follows.
height (h) = 98.0 m, speed (v) = 73.0 m/s,
Formula of height in vertical direction is as follows.
h = [tex]\frac{gt^{2}}{2}[/tex],
or, t = [tex]\sqrt{\frac{2h}{g}}[/tex]
Now, formula for the required distance (d) is as follows.
d = vt
= [tex]v \sqrt{\frac{2h}{g}}[/tex]
= [tex]73.0 m/s \sqrt{\frac{2 \times 98.0 m}{9.8 m/s^{2}}}[/tex]
= 326.5 m
Thus, we can conclude that 326.5 m is the horizontal distance from the target from where should the pilot release the canister.
A muon has a rest mass energy of 105.7 MeV, and it decays into an electron and a massless particle. If all the lost mass is converted into the electron’s kinetic energy, what is the electron’s velocity?
Answer:
The electron’s velocity is 0.9999 c m/s.
Explanation:
Given that,
Rest mass energy of muon = 105.7 MeV
We know the rest mass of electron = 0.511 Mev
We need to calculate the value of γ
Using formula of energy
[tex]K_{rel}=(\gamma-1)mc^2[/tex]
[tex]\dfrac{K_{rel}}{mc^2}=\gamma-1[/tex]
Put the value into the formula
[tex]\gamma=\dfrac{105.7}{0.511}+1[/tex]
[tex]\gamma=208[/tex]
We need to calculate the electron’s velocity
Using formula of velocity
[tex]\gamma=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1-(\dfrac{v}{c})^2}}[/tex]
[tex]\gamma^2=\dfrac{1}{1-\dfrac{v^2}{c^2}}[/tex]
[tex]\gamma^2-\gamma^2\times\dfrac{v^2}{c^2}=1[/tex]
[tex]v^2=\dfrac{1-\gamma^2}{-\gamma^2}\times c^2[/tex]
Put the value into the formula
[tex]v^2=\dfrac{1-(208)^2}{-208^2}\times c^2[/tex]
[tex]v=c\sqrt{\dfrac{1-(208)^2}{-208^2}}[/tex]
[tex]v=0.9999 c\ m/s[/tex]
Hence, The electron’s velocity is 0.9999 c m/s.
A 124-kg balloon carrying a 22-kg basket is descending with a constant downward velocity of 20.0 m/s. A 1.0-kg stone is thrown from the basket with an initial velocity of 15.0 m/s perpendicular to the path of the descending balloon, as measured relative to a person at rest in the basket. That person sees the stone hit the ground 5.00 s after it was thrown. Assume that the balloon continues its downward descent with the same constant speed of 20.0 m/s. (a) How high is the balloon when the rock is thrown? (b) How high is the balloon when the rock hits the ground? (c) At the instant the rock hits the ground, how far is it from the basket? (d) Just before the rock hits the ground, find its horizontal and vertical velocity components as measured by an observer (i) at rest in the basket and (ii) at rest on the ground.
Answer:
a)-296 m/s
b)-176 m
c) 198 m
Explanation:
given data:
[tex]v_{oy}\\[/tex]=-20 m/s
[tex]v_{x}[/tex]= 15 m/s
t = 6 s
To find
a)[tex]H_{1}[/tex]
b)[tex]H_{2}[/tex]
c) d
d) find the velocity of observer at rest in basket and rest on ground
a) according to kinematic equation the displacement is given by:
[tex]H_{1}[/tex]=[tex]v_{oy}t\\[/tex]-[tex]\frac{1}{2} gt^{2}[/tex]..............(1)
putting values in 1
[tex]H_{1}[/tex]=-296 m/s
negative sign is due to direction and also we choose to take off point to be the origin
b) while the stone was travelling [tex]H_{1}[/tex] for 6 s so the ballon was also travelling displacement [tex]H_{b}[/tex] with [tex]v_{oy}\\[/tex]
[tex]H_{b}[/tex] =[tex]v_{oy}t\\[/tex]
=-6*20
=-120 m
the height above the earth is given by
[tex]H_{2}[/tex]=[tex]H_{1}[/tex]-[tex]H_{2}[/tex]= -176 m
c) the horizontal displacement is given by
x=[tex]v_{x}t\\[/tex]=15*6=90 m
so the distance between balloon and stone is
d=[tex]\sqrt{H_{1}^{2}+x^{2} }[/tex]=198 m
d) the velocity component of the balloon :
1) relative to person rest in the balloon are given by
The vertical component:
[tex]v_{yr} =v_{by} +v_{py}[/tex]=[tex](-gt)-0=9.8*6=-58.8 m/s[/tex]
The horizontal component:
[tex]v_{xr} =v_{bx} +v_{px}= 15-0=15m/s[/tex]
2) relative to person rest in the earth are given by
The vertical component:
[tex]v_{yr} =v_{by} -v_{py}=(-gt)-20=9.8*6-20=-78.8 m/s[/tex]
The horizontal component:
[tex]v_{xr} =v_{bx} -v_{px}= 15-0=15m/s[/tex]