Answer:
Yes, drug resistance existed before, but it increased after the widespread use of antibiotics
Explanation:
Drug resistances in bacteria usually occurs as a consequence of mutation. Individuals that carry the resistance mutation survive even after the treatment with antibiotics. So, these mutations are advantageous for bacteria and thus, become favourable by natural selection (natural selection is evolutionary mechanism which favours traits of an organism that help him survive and reproduce). Resistant bacteria that survived after the use of antibiotics had the favuoruable trait (resistance) by natural selection.
Bacteria can even transfer drug-resistance to other bacteria via the process of conjugation, transducton or transformation.
What happens to the incoming solar radiation after it is reflected off the surface of the earth?
The solar radiation bounces off without affecting the earth.
The wavelength is longer and warms the atmosphere.
The wavelength is shorter and cools the atmosphere.
Solar radiation is completely absorbed by earth's surface
Answer:
The radiation is reflected by the ice and then reflected by the atmosphere.
Explanation:
I think its right ,because ice caps bounces ( reflection) then its trapped meaning absorbed.
The wavelength is longer and warms the atmosphere. This effect is called the greenhouse effect. Therefore, option B is correct.
What is the greenhouse effect?The greenhouse effect is a phenomenon that happens when heat from a planet's host star passes through the atmosphere of the planet and warms the surface of the planet. However, greenhouse gases in the atmosphere prevent part of the heat from going directly to space, making the world warmer.
Greenhouse gas concentrations have increased due to human activity. Burning fossil fuels like coal and oil has increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere during the past century (CO2). This rise is brought on by the burning of coal or oil, which produces CO2 when airborne carbon and oxygen mix. Methane is also a greenhouse gas.
A greenhouse is categorized based on its basic shape. Gable, Flat arch, Raised dome, Sawtooth, Skillion, and Tunnel are some examples of these types. Therefore, option B is correct.
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What is the key lesson learned from Easter Island?
The key lesson learned from what has happened on the Easter Island is that the humans should live in balance with the nature and to use the natural resources responsibly. The Easter Island was inhabited by people until relatively recently, and they lived on the island for some time, but there's nothing left from them apart from numerous large heads made out of stone. The people that lived on the island died, and that happened because of their irresponsible way of using the natural resources and destroying the environment. The people that lived on the Easter Island managed to use and destroy all natural resources that were enabling their survival there, putting themselves in a situation where they didn't had anything to eat, nor having material to build boats and move on another place. They were tuck there, isolated, started to kill and eat each other until the last one of them was left and died. This is a very nice example and lesson for the humans in the present that they should be very careful with the nature and the natural resources because there's always a line that after it is crossed there's no coming back.
Homology and homoplasy produce similar traits. What is the key difference?
a. homologous traits are more similar than traits due to homoplasyb. homoplasy is much more common than homologyc. only homology results from evolution by natural selectiond. whether or not the traits were inherited from a common ancestor
Answer:
d. whether or not the traits were inherited from a common ancestor
Explanation:
Homology is a term used in the evolution biology to describe similar traits among two or more different species that came from a common ancestor species. On the other hand, homoplasy also refers to similar traits among different species but that evolved independently.
An example of homology are the forelimbs of frogs, birds, rabbits, and lizards.
An example of homoplasy is the eye.
Two major factors used to identify climate are
Answer: temperature and precipitation
Adolescence causes physical changes to the body. True or False
A long folded tube inside the body attached to the stomach where nutrients in the food are absorbed is ________
Answer:
The Answer is Small Intestine
Explanation:
A small intestine is attached to the stomach and goes all the way to the anus. Despite it's name it is not really small. It was average size. 20 feet long and about one inch thick in diameter. However, the size can greatly vary in some people from as small as 10 feet to as large as 34 feet.
As our food passes through the small intestine, small fibers start to absorb as much nutrients and minerals it can from the food.
Along with humans it is found in every four-limbed animal and is particular large in herbivors.
The factor being changed by the person doing the experiment in a controlled study is called the
Answer:
Independent Variable
What is the importance of dna extraction?
The ability to extract DNA is of primary importance to studying the genetic causes of disease and for the development of diagnostics and drugs. It is also essential for carrying out forensic science, sequencing genomes, detecting bacteria and viruses in the environment and for determining paternity.
Final answer:
DNA extraction is crucial for accurately studying and manipulating genetic material, impacting research, medical diagnostics, and forensics. The process ensures the isolation of high-quality DNA and involves specific steps such as cell lysis, removal of contaminants, and DNA precipitation. The choice of DNA extraction kits can affect both quality and cost, while proper storage is key for sample integrity.
Explanation:
The importance of DNA extraction is paramount in biological sciences. It constitutes the first step in many biochemical analyses, allowing scientists to isolate genetic material from cell cultures or tissues. High-quality DNA extraction is essential for accurate quantification and can influence the outcome of research, medical diagnostics, and forensics. During DNA extraction, cells undergo lysis using detergents like sodium dodecyl sulfate, which is followed by the removal of unwanted macromolecules using proteases and DNAase-free RNAase. The DNA is then precipitated using alcohol due to its physical and chemical properties, uniquely separating it from other cellular components.
Researchers rely on various DNA extraction kits, which may affect sample quality and cost. The choice of the appropriate kit can significantly determine the integrity and utility of extracted DNA. Moreover, post-extraction, the DNA must be carefully stored at low temperatures for long-term preservation and future usage.
In summary, DNA extraction is a critical procedure that lays the foundation for many sophisticated scientific endeavors, ranging from gene expression studies and RNA analysis to the advancement of recombinant DNA technology and beyond.
Which scientific field do cognitive psychologists borrow concepts from in explaining how human process information and how the processes may break down?
Computer Science is the correct answer. Computers were relatively new in the early 1950s. As the field of computer science advanced, they learned how computers send, receive, process, store, and retrieve information. The founder of Cognitive Psychology was able to see that the human mind/brain works in much the same way.
Copper is a metal that is used for many purposes. It is mined from the earth using various methods. Though the amount of copper in the Earth's crust is very large, if the mining of copper continues, it will eventually run out.
What action could be taken to help conserve the world's supply of copper?
A) find cheaper, easier methods to mine copper
B) use another metal as a substitute for copper wiring
C) a plan to collect copper that is sent to landfills and recycle it instead
D) a way to reduce the pollution connected with the processes of mining copper
Answer: B ) Yes, the need to conserve copper must be balanced with use.
Explanation:
Matching the following terms and definitions. 1. adaptive radiation a pattern of evolution in which very different species evolve from one common ancestor 2. coevolution a pattern of evolution in which two species evolve in relation to each other 3. convergent evolution a theory of evolution that states that a species evolves by consistent, small, steps 4. divergent evolution a theory of evolution that states that a species evolves in spurts of rapid change and then no change 5. gradualism a pattern of evolution in which similar characteristics evolve between two unrelated species 6. punctuated equilibrium a pattern of evolution in which slightly different species evolve from one common ancestor NEXT QUESTION ASK FOR HELP TURN IT IN
Answer:
1. a pattern of evolution in which very different species evolve from one common ancestor divergent evolution
2. a pattern of evolution in which two species evolve in relation to each other coevolution
3. a theory of evolution that states that a species evolves by consistent, small, steps gradualism
4. a theory of evolution that states that a species evolves in spurts of rapid change and then no change punctuated equilibrium
5. a pattern of evolution in which similar characteristics evolve between two unrelated species convergent evolution
6. a pattern of evolution in which slightly different species evolve from one common ancestor adaptive radiation
Explanation:
Adaptive radiation and divergent evolution are two similar mechanisms of evolution of species from a common ancestor. The main difference is that in divergent evolution new species form from a pre-existing species, while in adaptive radiation diversification of a species into various new forms occurs.
Gradualism and punctuated equilibrium are two ways of the evolution of a species with the difference that gradualism occurs slowly.
Convergent evolution leads to the development of structures that are similar but have developed independently and those structures are then called analogous structures.
Match each word with the correct definition.
1. Variant
2. Genotyping
A. Difference in the DNA sequence between two individuals
B. An analysis that looks at specific locations in DNA to identify variations
Variant
Difference in the DNA sequence between two individuals
Genotyping
An analysis that looks at specific locations in DNA to identify variations
The shorthand used by chemists to denote fatty acids is based on which guideline
Answer:
The first number indicates the number of carbon atoms and the second number indicates the number of double bonds.
Which of the following statements best defines the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve?a) a graphical representation of the amount of oxygen found in the atmosphereb) a graphical representation of the relationship between hemoglobin's percent saturation and the partial pressure of oxygenc) a graphical representation of the amount of hemoglobin found in the bloodd) a graphical representation of the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin and how that affects the partial pressure of O2 in the blood
Answer:
b) a graphical representation of the relationship between hemoglobin's percent saturation and the partial pressure of oxygen
Explanation:
On vertical axis-hemoglobin's oxygen saturation
On horizontal axis-oxygen partial pressure
This curve determines hemoglobin affinity for oxygen. If hemoglobin has high oxygen saturation, hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen is high.
As the blood moves through the systemic capillary, hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen decreases, so that oxygen can be released into the cells.
A contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles that tighten and squeeze the airway shut is known as a/an
Answer:
Bronchospasm
Explanation:
Bronchospasm is known to be a condition that results from the contraction of the muscles that is found in the wall of the bronchioles which result into obstruction and narrowing of the respiratory airway. Thus, substance released from basophils or mast cell under the control of anaphylatoxin usually causes Bronchospasm. Furthermore, Bronchospasm is commonly caused by asthma and can also be caused by allergic reactions, respiratory infection, and chronic lung diseases.
Which of the following is true of vertebrates with four-chambered hearts?
There is a partial gas exchange in one chamber of the heart.
There is a partial mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood.
There is no mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood.
There is a complete mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood.
Answer:
There is no mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood.
- -
The right atrium and right ventricle of the human heart pump oxygen-poor blood to the lungs and the left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood. They never mix.
In an experiment, a scientist makes a radioactively labeled probe using yeast dna. she then discovers that the probe hybridizes to a small segment of dna isolated from a fruit fly. what can she conclude from her results?
a. the fruit fly recently ate yeast for dinner.
b. a fruit fly might share at least one gene with a yeast cell.
c. a fruit fly accidentally wandered into the test tube containing the probe.
d. the scientist is unlikely to become a tenured professor at her university.
Answer:
B) A fruit fly might share at least one gene with a yeast cell.
Explanation:
Final answer:
The conclusion that the fruit fly and yeast might share at least one gene is based on the hybridization of the probe with the fruit fly's DNA, indicating sequence similarity between them. So the correct option is b.
Explanation:
In an experiment where a scientist discovers that her radioactively labeled probe using yeast DNA hybridizes to a small segment of DNA isolated from a fruit fly, she can conclude that the fruit fly might share at least one gene with a yeast cell. This conclusion is based on the principle that the probe would only hybridize with complementary sequences, which suggests that there is a sequence similarity between the yeast DNA in the probe and a segment of the fruit fly's DNA. This similarity may indicate that they have at least one gene in common, which could be due to conserved genetic sequences across different species that reflect a shared evolutionary ancestry or similar biological functions.
Which of the following statements BEST
describes a function of an enzyme?
A.)Enzymes are specialized proteins that
serve as catalysts.
B.)Enzymes are carbohydrate-based
molecules found in all cells.
C.)The structure of enzymes is changed
during a chemical reaction.
D.)All enzymes work on all substrates.
The statements BEST describes a function of an enzyme -
A.) Enzymes are specialized proteins that serve as catalysts.
Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts that accelerate chemical reactions. These are substrate-specific molecules.
acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.Enzymes are proteins that help speed up metabolism, or the chemical reactions in our bodies.They build some substances and break others down.Thus, the statements BEST describes a function of an enzyme -
A.) Enzymes are specialized proteins that serve as catalysts.
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1.) Which main-sequence stars on the Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram are the least massive?
blue
orange
red
yellow
2.) Stars of which color have the highest surface temperature?
red
orange
blue
yellow
3.) Neutron stars, smaller than white dwarfs, are thought to be remnants of _____.
supernova events
red giants
black holes
nucleosynthesis
4.) Another name for the interstellar matter that will eventually form a star is _____.
supernova
red giant
black hole
nebula
5.) What theory states that the universe began in a violent explosion?
big bang
Hubble’s law
big crunch
Doppler effect
Answer:
1. Red
2. blue
3. Supernova events
4. Nebula
5. Big Bang Theory
Explanation:
Answer:
1. red
2.blue
3.supernova events
4.nebula
5.big bang
Explanation:
March these items:
1.Heat energy
2.mechanical energy
3.potential energy
4.light energy
5.kinetic energy
6.nuclear energy
please need this now.
A.light bulb
B.water turning turbine
C.stored
D.burning wood
E.active
F.within a atom
1 - D
2 - B
3 - C
4 - A
5 - E
6 - F
fr fr ;)
From the ninth week through birth, a developing baby is in the _____ period of prenatal development.
the baby is in the 2nd trimester...
The developing baby is in the fetal period of prenatal development from the ninth week through birth, marked by significant growth and organ development over approximately 30 weeks.
Explanation:From the ninth week through birth, a developing baby is in the fetal period of prenatal development. This stage includes the final stages of growth and differentiation for many of the body's organ systems.
During the fetal period, the organism is called a fetus, and this phase lasts roughly 30 weeks. It is a time marked by significant growth in length and weight of the fetus, and it concludes with a developed newborn capable of survival outside the womb.
In the hierarchy of levels of gene regulation, in what order do the following levels of regulation take place? (1) post-translational modification(2) RNA processing(3) transcription(4) chromatin remodeling(4)-(1)-(2)-(3)(4)-(3)-(2)-(1)(4)-(2)-(3)-(1)(1)-(3)-(2)-(4)(1)-(2)-(3)-(4)
Answer:
(4)-(3)-(2)-(1)
Explanation:
Gene expression is regulated at many levels:
Chromatin remodeling regulation includes altered histone modifications such as methylation which can regulate gene expression (up or down).Transcription is regulated via transcriptional factors and specificity factors such as repressors and activators.RNA processing can be regulated through the alternative splicing (different introns can be excised and combinations of different exons connected)post-translational modification refers to modification of proteins after being synthesized.if a nonnative species is introduced into an ecosystem . how might the biodiversity or health of the ecosystem change? why
PLZ HELP
What are the reactants and products of photosynthesis?
Reactants are carbon dioxide water. Products are glucose, oxygen, and energy
PLEASE HELP ME AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
THANK YOU!!
The first question is correct because Darwin brought to light the theory of evolution, or changes in organisms. The second question is also correct. I looked up diagrams of plant cells on google and could not find a centriole. Hope that helped!
Answer:
b. Life forms on Earth are unchanging
d. Centrioles are not found in plant cells
Explanation:
a. Darwin
People in Victorian England believed all three ideas.
Darwin challenged only the idea of unchanging life forms.
B. Plant cells
Centrioles are present in animal cells but not in those of higher plants
In animals, they may help in spindle formation during mitosis.
However, spindle fibres form in plants without the aid of centrioles.
How do organisms grow? A. Through anaerobic respiration B. Through growth of existing cells C. Through creation of new organ systems D. Through cell division and production
Answer:
(D). Through cell division and production.
Explanation:
Growth can be defined as increase in size, which is done by increasing the numbers of cells by multicellular organisms. It depends on division and differentiation of cells.
Cell division involves formation of two daughter cells from a single parent cell. So, by cell divisions, number of cells are increased that leads to growth of the organism.
Thus, the correct answer is option (D).
Final answer:
Organisms grow through cell division and production, with multicellular organisms increasing in size by continuously dividing cells. The process of aerobic cellular respiration, which breaks down glucose and oxygen to release energy, has been key to the growth and development of multicellular life on Earth. Decomposers also contribute to the recycling of nutrients, supporting the growth of other organisms.
Explanation:
Organisms grow through cell division and production. The twin characteristics of growth in living organisms are an increase in mass and an increase in the number of individuals (reproduction). In multicellular organisms, such as animals and plants, growth occurs through the process of cell division, which can take place continually or up to a certain age, depending on the organism. This is different from anaerobic respiration, which is a process of producing energy without oxygen that some microorganisms utilize. Aerobic cellular respiration involves breaking down glucose and oxygen to produce energy, water, and carbon dioxide.
The energy produced by aerobic respiration is significant as it has allowed organisms to become multicellular and increase in size. Plants contribute to this process through photosynthesis, which produces the oxygen and glucose necessary for cellular respiration in other organisms. Decomposers like bacteria and fungi also play a role in recycling organic material, contributing to the cycling of nutrients and energy within ecosystems.
Because flamingos spend most of their time in water, heat is easily lost through their legs and feet. Scientific studies have suggested that flamingos often stand on one leg while resting, keeping the other leg close to the body. Which factor does this behavior regulate?
Body temperature.
The body's at the right temperature.
Water is cold.
One foot in water will lose a lot of heat from the flamingo but if the other one is close to the body, it will stay warm.
This is a way to keep the temperature regulated and prevent bad functions or failure from colder temperatures.
Answer:
Body temperature
Explanation
edg.enuity answer
Guanine is used as a building block for what macromolecule?
Answer:
Nucleic acids
Explanation:
Nucleic acids are made up of monomers called, nucleotides. These nucleotides are made up of five bases attached to a 5-cabon sugar and phosphate. The five bases that make up nucleotides are guanine, cytosine, adenine, thymine, and uracil.
Nucleic acids are the building blocks of every living thing. An example of a nucleic acid, is DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid. Another would be RNA or ribonucleic acid.
Guanine is a building block for the macromolecules DNA and RNA. It is a type of purine, a nitrogenous base in DNA and RNA. The nucleotide, which comprises of guanine, forms the monomer of these nucleic acids.
Explanation:Guanine is a building block for the macromolecule Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic Acid (RNA). DNA and RNA are key macromolecules in the continuity of life. They carry the genetic blueprint of a cell and instructions for its functioning.
Guanine is categorized as a purine, one of the two types of nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA, the other being pyrimidines. The nucleotide, the monomer of nucleic acids, consists of a five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base such as guanine.
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As the protons move down their concentration gradient in the electron transport chain, what's happening with the electrons in the chain? A. They combine with oxygen to form water B. They convert ADP to ATP C. They split apart from oxygen D. They take a phosphate group off ATP
Answer:
A. They combine with oxygen to form water
Explanation:
Answer:
A.
Explanation:
Different species of fruit flies occupy each of the islands in the Hawaiian island chain, a group of volcanic islands that formed one after the other. One hypothesis for how the different fruit fly species formed is that, after each new island was formed, fruit flies from existing islands colonized it and subsequently diverged. If this hypothesis is correct, it would be an example of:allopatric speciation by dispersal.sympatric speciation by dispersal.sympatric speciation by vicariance.peripatric speciation by vicariance.allopatric speciation by vicariance.
Answer:
allopatric speciation by dispersal
Explanation:
Allopatric speciation is a form of speciation (creation of new species) that occurs as a result of geographic isolation. This means that a part of population becomes physically separated from the initial main population. There is no gene flow between these two populations and as a result the two populations reach a high level of genetic divergence. They can no longer interbreed which means they become two different species (speciation).
One of the factors that contribute to the allopatric speciation is dispersal.
New populations evolve as result of mutation, genetic drift and natural selection.
Final answer:
The formation of different fruit fly species on the Hawaiian islands, if occurring as fruit flies from one island colonize another and subsequently diverge, is an example of allopatric speciation by dispersal.
Explanation:
If the hypothesis regarding the formation of different species of fruit flies on each of the Hawaiian islands is correct, the process is an example of allopatric speciation by dispersal. Allopatric speciation occurs when populations are geographically isolated, leading to the divergence of species due to reproductive isolation and subsequent evolution. Dispersal refers to the movement of a species from one location to another. In the scenario given, after each new island was formed, fruit flies from existing islands colonized it. Over time, due to isolation from their source populations and unique environmental pressures, they diverged into new species.
This is in contrast to sympatric speciation, which occurs when a new species arises within the range of the parent species without geographic isolation, like in the case of the apple maggot fly (Rhagoletis pomonella). In sympatric speciation, despite living in the same physical location, a species diverges into two or more species due to factors like changing host preferences or behavioral changes leading to reproductive isolation.