Ammonia can be produced via the chemical reaction n2(g)+3h2(g)?2nh3(g) during the production process, the production engineer determines the reaction quotient to be q = 3.56×10?4. if k = 6.02×10?2, what can be said about the reaction?
The correct answer is c) The reaction is not at equilibrium and will proceed to the right.
To determine the direction in which the reaction will proceed, we need to compare the reaction quotient (Q) with the equilibrium constant (K):
If Q > K, the reaction will proceed to the left (towards reactants).
If Q = K, the reaction is at equilibrium.
If Q < K, the reaction will proceed to the right (towards products).
Given:
Q = 3.56×10⁻⁴
K = 6.02×10⁻²
Since Q (3.56×10⁴) is less than K (6.02×10⁻²), the reaction will proceed to the right towards the products to reach equilibrium.
Therefore, the correct answer is: c. The reaction is not at equilibrium and will proceed to the right.
Complete question:
Ammonia can be produced via the chemical reaction n2(g)+3h2(g)?2nh3(g) during the production process, the production engineer determines the reaction quotient to be q = 3.56×10?4. if k = 6.02×10?2, what can be said about the reaction?
a. The reaction has reached equilibrium.
b. The reaction is not at equilibrium and will proceed to the left.
c. The reaction is not at equilibrium and will proceed to the right.
d. The reaction is not at equilibrium, but it is not possible to determine whether the reaction needs to proceed right or left to reach equilibrium.
A conducting sphere has a net charge of 4.8 1017
c. what is the approximate number of excess electrons on the sphere?
Final answer:
To find the number of excess electrons on a conducting sphere with a net charge of -4.8 × 10⁻¹⁷ C, the total charge is divided by the charge of a single electron, resulting in approximately 300 excess electrons.
Explanation:
The question asks about the number of excess electrons on a conducting sphere with a net charge of –4.8 × 10⁻¹⁷ C. To find the number of excess electrons, we need to divide the total charge by the charge of a single electron, which is approximately 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ C. The calculation is as follows
Number of electrons = Total charge / Charge of one electron
= (-4.8 × 10⁻¹⁷ C) / (1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ C)
= 3 × 10² electrons.
Therefore, the sphere has approximately 300 excess electrons.
Explain how a redox reacation involves electrons in the same way that a neutralization reaction involves protons
Redox and neutralization reactions both involve the transfer of particles. Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons, with one component gaining and another losing electrons. Neutralization reactions involve the transfer of protons or hydrogen ions, where an acid donates a proton that a base accepts.
Explanation:A redox reaction and a neutralization reaction both involve the transfer of particles, but they differ in the type of particle that is transferred. In a redox reaction (which stands for reduction-oxidation), the key particles involved are electrons. During this type of reaction, one atom loses electrons (oxidation) and another atom gains electrons (reduction). For example, when copper reacts with silver nitrate in solution, silver is reduced (gains electrons) and copper is oxidized (loses electrons).
On the other hand, a neutralization reaction is a type of reaction between an acid and a base. Here, the primary particles involved are protons (or hydrogen ions, H+). An acid donates a proton (H+) and a base receives it. For example, when hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), HCl donates a proton to OH-, neutralizing both the acid and base to form water and a salt.
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The empirical formula of styrene is ch; its molar mass is 104.1 g/mol. what is the molecular formula of styrene? select one:
a. c2h4
b. c8h8
c. c10h12
d. c6h6
e. none of these
The molar mass of styrene is 104.1 g/mol and its molecular formula is C8H8. Therefore, option B is correct.
Given information,
Molar mass = 104.1 g/mol
The molar mass of styrene (104.1 g/mol) is significantly larger than the molar mass of the empirical formula (CH). This means that there must be multiple CH units in the molecular formula.
a. C₂H₄: (2 × 12.01 g/mol) + (4 × 1.01 g/mol) = 28.06 g/mol
b. C₈H₈: (8 × 12.01 g/mol) + (8 × 1.01 g/mol) = 104.16 g/mol
c. C₁₀H₁₂: (10 × 12.01 g/mol) + (12 × 1.01 g/mol) = 132.22 g/mol
d. C₆H₆: (6 × 12.01 g/mol) + (6 × 1.01 g/mol) = 78.11 g/mol
Therefore, option B is correct.
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Select all that apply. Which of the following are characteristics of acids? contain hydroxide ion or produce it in a solution taste sour corrode metals produce hydronium ion in a solution
Answer:
-contain hydroxide ion or produce it in a solution
-taste sour
Explanation:
How many hydrogen atoms are in an acyclic alkane with 8 carbon atoms?
The number of hydrogen atoms in an acyclic alkane with 8 carbon atoms is 18.
What are alkanes?Alkanes can be described as organic compounds that contain single-bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms. The general formula for Alkanes is CₙH₂ₙ₊₂. Alkanes are further subdivided into three groups: chain alkanes, cycloalkanes, and branched alkanes.
Alkanes contain carbon and hydrogen atoms with single covalent bonds, which are known as saturated hydrocarbons. All the covalent bonds between carbon and hydrogen atoms are single and have a molecular formula of CₙH₂ₙ₊₂.
The simplest and smaller alkane is methane with one carbon atom and its molecular formula is CH₄.
Given, the number of carbons in the given alkane is equal to eight. Then the value of n is equal to 8.
The number of hydrogen atoms in alkane= 2 (8) + 2 = 18
Therefore, hydrogen atoms in an acyclic alkane are 18.
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Which of these alkalis has the most stable fluoride?
a) Sodium
b) Lithium
c) Rubidium
d) Potassium
Aspirin was first synthesized in:
Sterling silver contains silver and copper metals. if a sterling silver chain contains 22.2 g of silver and 1.80 g of copper, what is the percent of silver?
The reaction below is exothermic: 2so2 (g) o2 (g) 2so3 (g) le châtelier's principle predicts that ________ will result in an increase in the number of moles of so3 (g) in the reaction container.
A jogger runs 107 yd in 10.00 seconds. What would be his time for a 483 m run at the same rate?
The jogger's speed is first converted to meters per second, and then the time for the 483-meter run is calculated using the speed and the formula time = distance/speed, resulting in approximately 49.38 seconds.
The student's question involves converting units and calculating time based on a given rate of speed. The jogger runs 107 yards in 10.00 seconds, and we need to determine the time it would take for a 483-meter run at the same rate.
Since 1 yard is roughly equivalent to 0.9144 meters, the jogger's speed in meters per second (m/s) can be calculated as: (107 yards × 0.9144 m/yard) / 10 s = 9.77928 m/s.
Now, to find the time for a 483-meter run at the same speed, we use the equation time = distance/speed, which gives us: 483 m / 9.77928 m/s = approximately 49.38 seconds.
What term describes a mixture of 42 percent gold, 20 percent silver, and 38 percent copper?
a) solute
b) alloy
c) solvent
d) electrolyte
Which would increase the rate of dissolving? Check all that apply.
A) low temperature
B) little to no agitation
C) more surface area
D) high temperature
E) a lot of agitation
F) little surface area
Explanation:
Rate of dissolving is the rate at which a solute is able to dissolve in a solvent.
Some factors which affect the rate of dissolving are as follows.
More surface area : When there are more number of particles then it means there is more surface area of solute present in the solution. Thus, there will be more number of collisions between the solute and solvent molecules. As a result, rate of dissolving increases.
High temperature : More is the increase in temperature more will be the kinetic energy gained by molecules. Thus, this will lead to greater number of collisions and as a result, rate of dissolving increases.
Lot of agitation : When we stir a solution vigorously or create a disturbance then there will be increase in number of collisions which will also lead to increase in rate of dissolving.
Thus, we can conclude that the rate of dissolving would increase when there is:
more surface area.high temperature. a lot of agitation.A radioactive sample contains 1.55 g of an isotope with a halflife of 3.8 days. what mass of the isotope remains after 5.5 days?
Final answer:
To find the remaining mass of the isotope after 5.5 days, calculate the number of half-lives that have elapsed and then use the formula for radioactive decay. Approximately 0.445 grams of the isotope remain after the calculated time period.
Explanation:
To find out what mass of the radioactive isotope remains after 5.5 days given its half-life of 3.8 days, we use the concept of radioactive decay and half-life calculations. The number of half-lives that have passed can be calculated by dividing the elapsed time by the half-life time of the isotope.
Number of half-lives = Time elapsed / Half-life = 5.5 days / 3.8 days = 1.447
Next, we determine the fraction of the original sample that remains after 1.447 half-lives. The remaining fraction is given by (1/2) raised to the power of the number of half-lives. In this case:
Remaining fraction = (1/2)^1.447
Now, we can calculate the mass of the isotope that remains:
Remaining mass = Initial mass × Remaining fraction = 1.55 g × (1/2)^1.447
To find the exact value, we need a calculator to raise (1/2) to the power of 1.447. After calculating, if we assume that (1/2)^1.447 equals approximately 0.287, then the remaining mass is:
Remaining mass = 1.55 g × 0.287 ≈ 0.445 g
Therefore, approximately 0.445 grams of the isotope would remain after 5.5 days.
Which of the following systems possesses the highest entropy?
A. a sugar crystal in a hot cup of coffee
B. a sugar cube in a hot cup of coffee
C. powdered sugar in a hot cup of coffee
D. no sugar in a hot cup of coffee
Answer: Option (C) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Entropy means the degree of randomness in a substance or object. This means more is the kinetic energy of particles of an object more will be its entropy.
For example, powdered sugar will have more number of particles and when it is added in a hot cup of coffee then its molecules will gain kinetic energy.
As a result, more number of collisions will take place due to which rate of reaction will also increase. Hence, powdered sugar will readily dissolve in the coffee.
Therefore, we can conclude that powdered sugar in a hot cup of coffee systems possesses the highest entropy.
which is given as an example for how the paleozic supercontinent ice cap melted?
An example for how the Paleozic supercontinent ice cap melted is through plants dying off, which in turn, increased the greenhouse effect.
To add, the trapping of the sun's warmth in a planet's lower atmosphere due to the greater transparency of the atmosphere to visible radiation from the sun than to infrared radiation emitted from the planet's surface is called the greenhouse effect.
Two saturated aqueous solutions are prepared at 25 ºC.
One is made by dissolving lithium carbonate (Ksp = 8.15 x 10⁻⁴) in 100.0 mL of water until excess solid is present, while the other is prepared by dissolving lithium phosphate (Ksp = 2.37 x 10⁻⁴) in 200.0 mL of water until excess solid is present.
1) What is the molar concentration of Li¹⁺ in the lithium carbonate solution?
2) What is the molar concentration of Li¹⁺ in the lithium phosphate solution?
Please, show all calculation with comments. Thanks!
During _____ water dissolves a mineal to form a solution
Suppose you dissolved 0.123 gram of pentane in 2.493 grams of p-xylene and measured a freezing point depression of 2.88 degrees celcius for the solution. Calculate the molar mass of pentane using this data and the value for Kf that you calculated in question 1
I got .829 mol/kg for question 1
The formula for freezing point depression is:
ΔT = Kf * m --->1
Where,
ΔT = change in temperature = 2.88 degrees Celcius
Kf = freezing point molar constant of solvent
m = molality (moles solute/mass solvent)
First we calculate for molality since we are given the mass of solute and solvent.
Molar mass of pentane = 72.15 g / mol
molality m= (0.123 g / 72.15 g / mol) / (2.493 x 10^-3 kg)
m = 0.684 molal
Going back to equation 1:
ΔT = Kf * m
2.88 = Kf * 0.684
Kf = 4.21 degC / molal
Value for Kf in question 1 given that m = 0. 829 mol/kg:
2.88 = Kf * 0.829
Kf = 3.47 degC / molal
Which is a spectator ion involved in the reaction of k2cro4(aq) and ba(no3)2(aq)?
Answer:
K⁺ and NO₃⁻ are the spectator ions.
Explanation:
First, we will consider the molecular equation because is the easiest to balance.
K₂CrO₄(aq) + Ba(NO₃)₂(aq) → BaCrO₄(s) + 2 KNO₃(aq)
Then, we will write the full ionic equation, which includes all the ions and the molecular species.
2 K⁺(aq) + CrO₄²⁻(aq) + Ba²⁺(aq) + 2 NO₃⁻(aq) → BaCrO₄(s) + 2 K⁺(aq) + 2 NO₃⁻(aq)
Finally, we will write the net ionic equation, which includes only the ions that participate in the reaction and the molecular species. The missing ions are the spectator ones.
CrO₄²⁻(aq) + Ba²⁺(aq) → BaCrO₄(s)
Final answer:
In the reaction between potassium chromate and barium nitrate, the spectator ions are NO3- and K+, as they appear unchanged on both sides of the chemical equation.
Explanation:
The question involves identifying the spectator ion(s) in the reaction between potassium chromate (K2CrO4) and barium nitrate (Ba(NO3)2). When these two aqueous solutions are mixed, a precipitation reaction occurs, forming barium chromate (BaCrO4) as the precipitate, and potassium nitrate (KNO3) remains in solution. Given that spectator ions are those ions that do not participate in the actual chemical reaction but are present in the same form on both sides of the equation, the NO3-(aq) and K+(aq) ions are the spectator ions in this reaction. They are present on both sides of the equation and remain unchanged.
At a hot spot, heat causes melting of a small portion of the ______________, which then erupts to earth's surface
Answer: Mantle
Explanation:
Aqueous sulfuric acid h2so4 will react with solid sodium hydroxide naoh to produce aqueous sodium sulfate na2so4 and liquid water h2o . suppose 89.3 g of sulfuric acid is mixed with 96. g of sodium hydroxide. calculate the minimum mass of sulfuric acid that could be left over by the chemical reaction. be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.
Answer:
[tex]\bold{0.580 \;\rm{moles} \times 40.0\;\rm{ g/mol}} = 23.2\; g\; of\; NaOH[/tex] will be left.
Explanation:
Given:
Aqueous sulfuric acid [tex]H_2SO_4[/tex] will react with solid sodium hydroxide NaOH to produce aqueous sodium sulfate [tex]Na_2SO_4[/tex] and liquid water [tex]H_2O[/tex].
Now, balance the molecules of the left part of the equation with the right part of the equation.
[tex]H_2SO_4 + 2NaOH \rightarrow Na_2 SO_4 + 2H_2O[/tex]
Now, from the above-balanced equation, it is clear that 1-mole sulphuric acid equated with two moles of sodium hydroxide to balance the above equation.
Now,
The weight of sulphuric acid is 89.3 g and the weight of sodium hydroxide is 96 g.
Therefore, convert 89.3 g of [tex]H_2SO_4[/tex] and 96.0 g of [tex]NaOH[/tex] into moles by using the formula,
[tex]\rm{Moles=\dfrac{Given\;weight}{Molar Mass}}[/tex]
Known Quantity:
[tex]\rm{Molar\; mass\; of\;} H_2SO_4 = 98.1\; g/mol[/tex]
[tex]\rm{Molar\; mass\; of\; NaOH = 40.0\; g/mol}[/tex]
Hence,
[tex]\begin{aligned}\rm{Moles\;of\;H_2SO_4}&=\dfrac{89.3}{98.1}\\&=0.910\end{aligned}[/tex]
[tex]\begin{aligned}\rm{Moles\;of\;NaOH}&=\dfrac{96}{40}\\&=2.40\end{aligned}[/tex]
[tex]\rm{Theoretical \;molar\; ratio} = \dfrac{2\; moles\; NaOH}{1\; mole\; H_2SO_4}[/tex]
Therefore,
If 0.91 moles react of [tex]H_2SO_4[/tex] then the number of moles required of [tex]NaOH[/tex] for the reaction will be twice as 0.91 moles.
Moles required of [tex]NaOH[/tex] is 1.82.
Thus,
The remaining moles of NaOH will be (2.40 - 1.82) that is 0.58.
Now,
The weight of 0.580 moles NaOH will be calculated by the below expression:
[tex]0.580 \;\rm{moles} \times 40.0\;\rm{ g/mol} = 23.2\; g\; of\; NaOH \;will\; be\; left.[/tex]
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A ______ solution is a solution with as much dissolved solute as it can hold at a given temperature
Answer: A saturated solution is a solution with as much dissolved solute as it can hold at a given temperature.
Explanation:
Saturated solution: It is a solution in which solute is dissolved in its maximum amount in a solvent at a given temperature. Further addition of solute will not get dissolve in the solution. For : Soda is a saturated solution of carbon-dioxide in water.
Unsaturated solution: It is a solution in which addition of more solute will get easily dissolve in a solution at a given temperature. In unsaturated solution the amount of solute present in less than the amount of solute present in saturated solution. For example: Pinch of salt in a glass of water.
Answer:
saturated
Explanation:
Calculate the change in the enthalpy and the change in entropy when 1 mole of sic is heated from 25 ° c to 1000 °
c. the constant pressure molar heat capacity of sic varies with temperature as
The change in enthalpy for 1 mole of SiC, heated from 25°C to 1000°C, is calculated to be 1306.5 J using the constant pressure molar heat capacity formula.
Calculating the change in enthalpy of SiC:
1. Identifying the relevant information:
Substance: 1 mole of SiC (silicon carbide)
Temperature change: 25°C to 1000°C
Constant pressure molar heat capacity (cp): 1.34 J/mol°C
2. Recalling the enthalpy equation:
ΔH = n * cp * (T2 - T1)
where:
ΔH is the change in enthalpy (J)
n is the number of moles
cp is the constant pressure molar heat capacity (J/mol°C)
T1 is the initial temperature (°C)
T2 is the final temperature (°C)
3. Applying the equation to the given information:
n = 1 mole
cp = 1.34 J/mol°C
T1 = 25°C
T2 = 1000°C
4. Substituting the values and calculating ΔH:
ΔH = 1 mole * 1.34 J/mol°C * (1000°C - 25°C)
ΔH = 1306.5 J
Therefore, the change in enthalpy for 1 mole of SiC when heated from 25°C to 1000°C is 1306.5 J.
Complete question:
Calculate the change in the enthalpy and the change in entropy when 1 mole of SiC is heated from 25°C to 1000°C·The constant pressure molar heat capacity ofSiC varies with temperature as cp = 50.79 + 1.97 x 10^-3T-4.92 x 10^6T^-2 + 8.20 x 10^9 T-3 J/mol-K
The state of refrigerant as it exits a compressor is a
A. high-pressure liquid.
B. low-pressure liquid.
C. high-pressure vapor.
D. low-pressure vapor.
The refrigerant exits a compressor as a high-pressure vapor due to the mechanical energy applied during compression, which raises both pressure and temperature. Hence, correct option C.
The state of refrigerant as it exits a compressor in a vapor compression system is high-pressure vapor. During the compression phase in vapor compression cooling systems, mechanical energy is applied to the refrigerant, causing both pressure and temperature to rise. This process changes the state of the refrigerant from a low-pressure vapor, which it is when it enters the compressor, to a high-pressure vapor as it exits the compressor. The high-pressure vapor is subsequently cooled and condensed in the condenser, transferring heat to the surroundings and turning into a high-pressure liquid ready to go through the cycle again.
Argon crystallizes in the face-centered cubic arrangement at 40k. given that the atomic radius of argon is 191 pm, calculate the density of solid argon.
Final answer:
To calculate the density of solid argon at 40 K, we first determine the edge length of the unit cell using the atomic radius, then calculate the volume of the unit cell. We then find the mass of argon in the unit cell using its atomic weight and Avogadro's number and divide the mass by the volume to find the density.
Explanation:
To calculate the density of solid argon, we can follow these steps:
First, we need to know the edge length a of the face-centered cubic unit cell. Since argon has a face-centered cubic arrangement and the atomic radius is given as 191 pm, we can use the equation for the face-centered cubic structure a = 2√2×r, where r is the atomic radius.Next, we calculate the volume of the unit cell by cubing the edge length: V = a³.Since there are four argon atoms per face-centered cubic unit cell, we multiply the number of atoms by the atomic weight of argon (39.948 g/mol) to get the mass of argon contained within one unit cell.To find the density (ρ), we divide the mass of the unit cell by its volume and then convert the units to the desired kg/m³.Remember to use Avogadro's number (6.022×10²³ mol¹) when converting from grams per mole to grams per unit cell.By using the appropriate equations and constants, we can find the value for the density of solid argon at 40 K.
How many orbitals are there in the third shell (n=3)?
Answer:
9
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, since the third shell of electrons has the following 3 subshells:
[tex]3s, 3p \ and \ 3d[/tex]
- The [tex]s[/tex] subsehll has one orbital for one pair of electrons: [tex]s^1 \ and \ s^2[/tex].
- The [tex]p[/tex] subsehll has three orbitals for three pairs of electrons: [tex]p^1, \ p^2,\ p^3, \ p^4,\ p^5\ and \ p^6\[/tex].
- The [tex]d[/tex] subsehll has five orbital for five pairs of electrons [tex]d^1, \ d^2,\ d^3, \ d^4,\ d^5,\ d^6,\ d^7,\ d^8,\ d^9\ and \ d^{10}\[/tex].
Therefore, the total number of orbitals when n=3 is:
[tex]1+3+5=9[/tex]
Best regards.
The third shell (n=3) of an atom contains nine orbitals, which are divided into three subshells: 3s, 3p, and 3d containing 1, 3, and 5 orbitals respectively.
Explanation:The third shell (n=3) of an atom contains nine orbitals. Electron shells are divided into subshells, which are made up of orbitals. For n=3, the subshells are 3s, 3p, and 3d. The 3s subshell contains only one orbital, the 3p subshell contains three orbitals, and the 3d subshell contains five orbitals. So, if you add up the number of orbitals in each subshell (1 for 3s, 3 for 3p, and 5 for 3d), you will find that the third shell has a total of nine orbitals.
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Suppose you perform an experiment at 21.5 oc and 1.00 atm and generate helium gas in the laboratory. what do you expect the molar volume of the helium to be?
At 21.5 °C and 1.00 atm, the molar volume of helium gas is expected to be slightly higher than 22.41 L, the molar volume of an ideal gas at STP due to the increase in temperature and the behavior of helium closely resembling an ideal gas.
If you experiment to generate helium gas at 21.5 °C (which is 294.65 K) and 1.00 atm, you would expect the molar volume of the helium to be close to the value for an ideal gas under standard temperature and pressure conditions. This is because helium behaves relatively closely to an ideal gas due to its small, non-polar, monatomic nature. At standard temperature (0 °C or 273.15 K) and pressure (1 atm), the molar volume of an ideal gas is 22.41 L. However, because the experiment is carried out at a slightly higher temperature, the molar volume will be slightly higher than 22.41 L due to the direct relationship between temperature and volume described by Charles's law.
To calculate the molar volume at the given conditions, you would use the ideal gas law equation: PV = nRT. You can rearrange this equation to solve for molar volume (V/n) and find that V/n = RT/P. With R as the ideal gas constant (0.0821 L·atm/(K·mol)), T as the absolute temperature in Kelvin, and P as the pressure in atm, you can calculate the molar volume of helium at 21.5 °C and 1.00 atm.
The decay curve shown below approximates the decay of phosphorus-32. what is the approximate half-life of phosphorus-32?
Determine the number of protons neutrons and electrons in an isotope that has 21 neutrons and a mass number of 40