Determine the internal energy change Δu of hydrogen, in kJ/kg, as it is heated from 500 to 700 K, using (a) the empirical specific heat equation as a function of temperature, (b) the value at the average temperature, and (c) the value at room temperature.

Answer:

Explanation:

n refers to the principal quantum number, and l refers to the angular momentum or Azimuthal quantum number.

Principal quantum number (n) is used to indicate the main energy level of the electron. It may take whole numbers: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, ...

Angular momentum or Azimuthal quantum number refers to the kind (shape) of the orbital. It can take numbers from 0 to n - 1.

So, if n = 1, l can only be 0; if n = 2, l can be either 0 or 1; if n = 2, l can be either 0, 1 or 2.

On the other hand, the shape of the orbitals is also representd by a letter. then there is a unique relation between the letter that represents the orbital and the angular quantum number which is:

letter       l number

s               0

p               1

d               2

f                3

The previous information is summarized in the next table:

n    possible l numbers          

1          0                                          

2         0, 1                                        

3         0, 1, 2                                    

4         0, 1, 2, 3                              

5        0, 1, 2, 3, 4

6        0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

7        0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

As per the choices given in the question you have:

(a) 1 p is not possible because when n = 1 the only l number is 0 and it is an s orbital, but p ⇒ l = 1. Thus, this is a correct choice.

(b) 4s is possible since n = 4 permits l to be 0, 1, 2, and 3.

(c) 5f is possible since n = 5 permits l to be 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4.

(d) 2d is impossible since n = 2 permits l to be 0, and 1, but d ⇒ l = 2. Thus, this is other right choice.

The impossible combinations of n and I are 1p and 2d.

Quantum numbers describe the position of an electron in an atom. Four sets of quantum numbers are important when discussing electrons in atoms. These quantum numbers are;

Given the conditions, combinations of n and I where n = l are not allowed. Recall that s p d f corresponds to 0 1 2 3. As such, 1p and 2d are not allowed.

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Answer:

Ph= 3

Explanation:

-Log(0.0010)=3

Answer: The mass of intravenous glucose solution is 2300 g

Explanation:

To calculate the mass of solution, we use the equation:

[tex]\text{Density of substance}=\frac{\text{Mass of substance}}{\text{Volume of substance}}[/tex]

Volume of glucose solution = 2.00 L = 2000 mL    (Conversion factor:  1 L = 1000 mL)

Density of glucose solution = 1.15 g/mL

Putting values in above equation, we get:

[tex]1.15g/mL=\frac{\text{Mass of glucose solution}}{2000mL}\\\\\text{Mass of glucose solution}=2300g[/tex]

Hence, the mass of intravenous glucose solution is 2300 g

Answer:

Explanation:

1) Data:

a) Solute: acetone

b) Solvent: benzene

c) n (solute) = 0.863 mol

d) mass of solvent = 500 g = 0.500 Kg

e) ΔTf = 8.84 °C

f) Kf = ?

2) Formulae:

3) Solution:

a) m = 0.863 mol / 0.500 kg = 1.726 m

b) Kf = ΔTf / m = 8.84°C / 1.726 m  = 5.12 °C/m ← answer

Answer: The electronic configuration is given below.

Explanation:

Electronic configuration tells us about the number of electrons that are present in an atom. It also determines the atomic number of an element.

Boron is the 5th element of the periodic table having 5 electrons.

The electronic configuration for the given element = [tex]1s^22s^22p^1[/tex]

This element has 3 valence electrons.

Thus, the electronic configuration is given above.

Answer: I believe it is B

Explanation:

because it states that a chemical compound always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by mass

Answer:

True.

Explanation:

A non-rechargeable battery, which is also called a primary cell, is known to overheat and some even explode when placed in a charger. This can occur due to the toxic chemicals that might seep out when the battery is heated.

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Answer:

There are approximately d. 0.595 mol of ZnCl₂ in 3.58×10²³ formula units.

Explanation:

Consider the Avogadro's Constant [tex]N_A[/tex] or equivalently, [tex]L[/tex]:

[tex]N_A \approx \rm 6.02\times 10^{23}\;mol^{-1}[/tex].

In other words, there are [tex]\rm 6.02\times 10^{23}\;mol^{-1}[/tex] constituent particles (Wikipedia) in each mole of a substance. In this case,

[tex]N = 3.58\times 10^{23}[/tex].

[tex]\displaystyle n = \frac{N}{N_A} =\rm \frac{3.58\times 10^{23}}{6.02\times 10^{23}\;mol^{-1}} = 0.595\;mol[/tex].

Hello There!

Chemical energy is energy that is stored in the bonds and atoms of molecules.

A battery is an example of an item that stores atoms and molecules in the bonds.

Gasoline and organic molecules like sugars and fats are examples of things that store chemical energy. This energy can be transformed during combustion in cars or through metabolic processes in living cells into usable forms of kinetic or ATP energy.

An example of something that stores chemical energy is gasoline, which stores energy in the bonds of its molecules. This chemical energy is released as heat during combustion in a car engine, converging into kinetic (mechanical) energy that moves the car.

Another scenario is found within our bodies. Organic molecules such as sugars and fats also store chemical energy. Your cells evolve to convert this chemical energy through a series of chemical reactions into a usable form of energy stored in molecules of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate), an energy-carrying molecule found in the cells of all living things. This energy is easily accessible to do work such as muscle contraction, transport materials, power the motion of cilia or flagella, etc.

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Answer:

D.gain enough kinetic energy to get past each other.

Explanation:

Melting can be best described as a process in which molecules gain enough kenetic energy to put past each other.

Answer:

D

Explanation:

Edge 2020

Answer:

Isocyanates

Explanation:

The functional group is cyanate ion of the formula NCO⁻. The atoms in this functional group occur in a straight line giving it a linear structure. It has a singe C-O bond and a triple N ≡ C bond. It forms cyanate salts when it reacts with pure elements like sodium and other reactive metals as it has some acidic properties. It also forms complexes like silver cyanato [Ag(NCO)₂]⁻

Answer:

b.an increase in concentration of HCl with time.

Explanation:

The measurement of reaction rate is simply based on the dissapearance of a reactant or appearance of a product with increasing reaction time.

For this kind of chemical reaction, the rate would increase if the concentration of the reactants increase.

The reactants are made up of gaseous particles, for gases reacting, the rate of the reaction is directly proportional to concentration. The concentration of a gaseous system is also directly proportional to the pressure and we can use pressure in place of concentration.

For this reaction, we don't know the order of reaction of the reactants. This would not make the gaseous reactants suitable to monitor the rate of the reaction.

Since it is only the appearance of the product we are sure of, we simply monitor the concentration of the product to determine the rate.

The correct answer is option b) an increase in the concentration of HCl with time. The rate of the reaction [tex]H_2 + Cl_2 \rightarrow 2HCl[/tex] as HCl is the product and its concentration increases over time.

The reaction given is [tex]H_2 + Cl_2 \rightarrow 2HCl[/tex].

We need to determine which option correctly describes the rate of this reaction. Considering the options:

An increase in the concentration of HCl and H₂ with time.

An increase in the concentration of HCl with time.

An increase in H₂ and Cl₂ with time.

A decrease in HCl and Cl₂ with time.

Therefore, the correct answer is option b.

Answer:

The minimum volume of the container is 0.0649 cubic meters, which is the same as 64.9 liters.

Explanation:

Assume that ethane behaves as an ideal gas under these conditions.

By the ideal gas law,

[tex]P\cdot V = n\cdot R\cdot T[/tex],

[tex]\displaystyle V = \frac{n\cdot R\cdot T}{P}[/tex].

where

The numerical value of [tex]R[/tex] will be [tex]8.314[/tex] if [tex]P[/tex], [tex]V[/tex], and [tex]T[/tex] are in SI units. Convert these values to SI units:

Apply the ideal gas law:

[tex]\displaystyle \begin{aligned}V &= \frac{n\cdot R\cdot T}{P}\\ &= \frac{12.0\times 8.314\times 325.15}{5.00\times 10^{5}}\\ &= \rm 0.0649\; m^{3} \\ &= \rm (0.0649\times 10^{3})\; L \\ &=\rm 64.9\; L\end{aligned}[/tex].

Answer:

C) After reacting, each ion has a stable octet.

Explanation:

Atoms bond to gain stability and to do that they must fill in their outer energy shell with 8 electrons, which we call an octet. In the case of sodium and chlorine, the sodium atom donates one electron to chlorine. When an atom loses an electron, the protons outnumber the electrons, so they become positively charged. This means it will become a cation.

Answer:

C) After reacting, each ion has a stable octet.

Explanation:

To produce superheated steam, the heat source must exceed 100°C, and the system must be sealed to allow pressure buildup. This increased pressure raises the boiling point, permitting the water to absorb more heat, making the steam superheated.

In high temperature boilers or steam engines, such as those found in steam locomotives or industrial reactors, to produce superheated steam, several conditions have to be met. One key factor is that the heat source must be greater than 100°C, as it's necessary to not just boil the water but also to add extra energy to the steam to make it superheated. Moreover, the system must allow the water to evaporate, but not quickly .

To produce super heated steam, a high-temperature boiler or steam engine must maintain a sealed and pressurized system above atmospheric pressure, which allows the boiling point to increase and produce steam at higher temperatures, such as in steam locomotives and pressurized reactors.

In the context of steam generation and boilers, several factors are key to producing super heated steam. Based on the information provided, the system must be sealed and become pressurized above atmospheric pressure, is correct.

Raising the pressure of the steam increases the boiling point of water, thus, a steam engine or a high-temperature boiler would need to have a sealed system to maintain the pressurization necessary to produce super heated steam. For instance, at a pressure of 150 pounds or more per square inch, which is common in locomotives, the water and steam's temperature can reach 360°C or higher.

This principle is analogous to the increased boiling point experienced in pressurized water reactors, where water can remain liquid at temperatures significantly above 100°C. When steam does work in an engine or a turbine, it condenses and loses some temperature. High efficiency is desirable for steam engines, and it's achieved through operating at higher temperatures and pressures, which increases the proportion of the heat units utilized for work.

Answer:

It minimizes the harmful side effects of the radiation.

Explanation:

Radioisotopes with short half-lives are used in medical diagnostics to minimize the exposure time and overall radiation dose to the patient, ensuring safety and reducing potential radioactive damage.

It is important that radioisotopes used in diagnostic tests have short half-lives to limit the radiation dose to the patient. The half-life of a radioisotope is the time it takes for half of the isotope to decay. Short-lived radioisotopes decay more quickly, reducing the duration of radiation exposure to the body's tissues and thus minimizing potential radioactive damage. This is essential in medical imaging where the balance between obtaining a clear image and reducing patient exposure to radiation must be carefully managed.

For example, radioisotopes like technetium-99m, with a half-life of only 6 hours, are ideal for medical diagnostic purposes because they decay quickly, limiting the time radiation can interact with body cells. Additionally, having radioisotopes that clear rapidly from the body prevents unnecessary radiation exposure and makes it safer for both the patient and the environment.

Answer:

1) The percent isotopic abundance of Ga-71 = 39.89%.

2) The mass of Ga-71 = 70.294625 u.

Explanation:

1) The percent isotopic abundance of Ga-71:

The total sum of different isotopes = 100%.

∴ The abundance percent of Ga-69 + the abundance percent of Ga-71 = 100%.

∴ The abundance percent of Ga-71 = 100% - The abundance percent of Ga-69 = 100% - 60. 11% = 39.89%.

2) The mass of Ga-71:

∵ The amu of the mixture = (amu of Ga-69)(fraction of isotope Ga-69) + (amu of Ga-71)(fraction of isotope Ga-71).

The amu of the mixture = 69.723 u,

amu of Ga-69 = 68.925581 u, fraction of isotope Ga-69 = (abundance of Ga-69)/100 = (60.11%)/100 = 0.6011,

amu of Ga-71 = ??? u, fraction of isotope Ga-71= (abundance of Ga-69)/100 = (39.89%)/100 = 0.3989.

∴ 69.723 u = (68.925581 u)(0.6011) + (amu of Ga-71)(0.3989).

∴ (amu of Ga-71)(0.3989) = (69.723 u)(68.925581 u)(0.6011) = 28.29 u.

∴ (amu of Ga-71) = (28.29 u)/(0.3989) = 70.294625 u.

Hello There!

When the ice melts, the water level will drop slightly but not much.

REMEMBER Ice expands so when ice melts, it shrinks back to the state of being liquid.

No change is witnessed as the weight of the ice and water is equal.

At the point when an ice cube is set in a glass of water, it uproots enough water to help its weight and leads to the condition:

Weight of an ice cube = mass of water/thickness of water.  

After the ice cube melts totally the water level continues as before as the water uprooted is currently satisfied by the measure of water present in the ice (3D shape). Indeed, even in the wake of liquefying, the measure of water in the ice cube will gauge is equal mass of ice block/thickness of water.  

As the weight stays same, the measure of water dislodged doesn't change and the water level continues as before. But, there are some water droplets around the glass.

Answer:

METAL: found in periodic table, lithium, shiny, lose electrons easily, good conductor, elements

NONMETAL: brittle, ductile, semimetals, found in periodic table, often gain electrons, semiconductors, carbon, shiny, poor conductor, elements

METALLOID: solid, non- ductile, malleable, found in periodic table, silicon, shiny, can be liquids, elements

Answer:

FeSO4.

Explanation:

We divide the percentages by the relative atomic masses of the elements:

Iron =  36.76 / 55.845= 0.6583

Sulphur = 21.11 / 32.06 = 0.6584

Oxygen = 42.13 / 15.999 = 2.6333

Simplifying the ratios:

Fe : S : O =

0.6583: 0.6584: 2.6333

= 1 : 1 : 4

The empirical formula is FeSO4.   (Ferrous Sulphate).

Answer:

108.43 g.

Explanation:

ΔTf = i.Kf.m,

where, ΔTf is the elevation in boiling water (ΔTf = 0.0°C - (- 14.5°C) = 14.5 °C).

i is van 't Hoff factor, The van 't Hoff factor is the ratio between the actual concentration of particles produced when the substance is dissolved and the concentration of a substance as calculated from its mass. For most non-electrolytes dissolved in water, the van 't Hoff factor is essentially 1.

i for KNO₃ = 2/1 = 2.

Kf is the molal freezing constant of water (Kf = 1.86 °C/m).

m is the molality of the solution.

∵ ΔTf = i.Kf.m,

∴ m = (ΔTf)/(i.Kf) = (14.5°C)/(2)(1.86 °C/m) = 3.9 m.

m = (no. of moles of KNO₃)/(mass of water (kg)) = (mass/molar mass of KNO₃)/(mass of water (kg)).

∴ 3.9 m = (mass of KNO₃ / 101.1 g/mol)/(0.275 kg).

∴  mass of KNO₃ = (3.9 m)(101.1 g/mol)(0.275 kg) = 108.43 g.

To create a solution that freezes at -14.5 °C, calculate the required molality using the freezing point depression formula, adjust for the dissociation of KNO3 into 2 ions, and then use this to find the moles and mass of KNO3 needed. In this case, 108.35 grams of KNO3 must be added to 275 mL of water.

To determine how many grams of KNO3 must be added to produce a solution that freezes at -14.5 °C, we use the freezing-point depression formula: ΔTf = Kf x m, where ΔTf is the freezing point depression, Kf is the freezing point depression constant (1.86 °C/m for water), and m is the molality. First, we calculate the molality needed for the desired freezing point depression:

ΔTf = -14.5 °C (because the freezing point is 14.5 °C below that of pure water)

Kf = 1.86 °C/m

So, m = ΔTf / Kf = -14.5 °C / 1.86 °C/m = -7.795 m

Since KNO3 dissociates into K+ and NO3−, each mole of KNO3 will produce 2 moles of ions. For KNO3, the van't Hoff factor (i) is 2. The molality (m) considering dissociation will now be half the earlier calculated value due to the doubling of particles when dissociation occurs:

m = -7.795 m / 2 = -3.8975 m

The molality is negative because freezing point depression is a negative value. But for the purpose of calculations, we use the positive value of 3.8975 m. We use the formula molality (m) = moles of solute / kilograms of solvent to find the moles of KNO3 needed;

0.275 kg water (275 mL of water converted to kg) x 3.8975 m = moles of KNO3

Moles of KNO3 = 1.0715 mol (after calculation)

Finally, to find the mass of KNO3, multiply the moles by the molar mass (101.1 g/mol for KNO3):

Mass = 1.0715 mol x 101.1 g/mol = 108.35 g (rounded to two decimal places)

Therefore, 108.35 grams of KNO3 must be added to 275 mL of water to produce a solution that freezes at -14.5 °C.

Answer:

Yeah, same i believe it's Time.

Explanation:

Hope my answer has helped you!

Answer:

e.  Time

Explanation:

That is correct.. All the others may be active in affecting the rate of a reaction.

Answer:

Its atomic mass is 14 ( = 6 protons + 8 neutrons). In chemistry, the number of protons in an atom is more important than the number of neutrons. Scientists call the number of protons the "atomic number"

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

The enthalpy change is calculated using the formula: ΔH=MC∅ where ΔH is the change in enthalpy, M the mass of the substance, C the specific heat capacity of the substance and ∅ the temperature change.

Thus, ΔH= 750g × 4.18 J/gK × (19-11)K

=25080 J

2. Enthalpy change= mass of substance × specific heat capacity of the substance× Change in temperature.

ΔH= MC∅

M= ΔH/(C∅)

Substituting for the values in the question.

M=8750 J/(0.9025/g°C×66.0 °C)

=146.9 grams

3. Enthalpy change =mass × specific heat capacity × Temperature

ΔH= MC∅

∅ = ΔH/(MC)

=6500 J/(250 g × 4.18 J/g°C)

=6.22° C

Final temperature =98.8 °C - 6.22°C

=92.58 °C

4. Specific heat capacity =mass × specific heat capacity × Temperature change.

ΔH=MC∅

C= ΔH/(M∅)

Substituting with the values in the question.

C = 4786 J/(89.0 g×(89.5° C-23°C))

=0.808 J/g°C

5. Heat lost lost copper is equal to the heat gained by water.

ΔH(copper)= ΔH(water)

MC∅(copper)=MC∅(water)

M×0.385 J/g°C× (75.6°C- (19.1 °C+5.5°C))=100.0g×4.18 J/g°C×5.5 °C

M=(100.0g×4.18J/g°C×5.5°C)/(0.385 J/g°C×51 °C)

=117.09 grams.

6 (a). From the equation 1 mole of methane gives out 890.4 kJ

There fore 2 moles give:

(2×890.4)/1= 1780.8 kJ  

(b) 22.4 g of methane.

Number of moles= mass/ RFM

RFM=12 + 4×1

=16

No. of moles =22.4 g/16g/mol

=1.4 moles

Therefore 1.4 moles produce:

1.4 moles × 890.4 kJ/mol=

=1246.56 kJ

7. From the equation, 2 moles of aluminium react with ammonium nitrate to produce 2030 kJ

Number of moles = mass/RAM

Therefore 9.75 grams = (9.75/26.982) moles of aluminium.

=0.3613 moles.

If 2 moles produce 2030 kJ, then 0.3613 moles produce:

(0.3631 moles×2030 kJ)/2

=368.55 kJ

8. From the equation, 4 moles of ammonia react with excess oxygen to produce 905.4 kJ of energy.

Number of moles= mass/molar mass

RMM= 14+3×1= 17

Therefore 0.5113 grams of ammonia = (0.5113 g/17g/mole) moles

= 0.0301 moles

If 4 moles produce 905.4 kJ, then 0.0301 moles produce:

(0.0301 moles×905.4 kJ)/4 moles

=6.81 kJ

9. From the equations, one mole of methane produces 890 kJ of energy while one mole of propane produces 2043 kJ.

Lets change 5.5 grams into moles of either alkane.

Number of moles= Mass/RMM

For propane, number of moles= 5.5g/ 44.097g/mol

=0.125 moles

For methane number of moles =5.5 g/ 16g/mol

=0.344 moles

0.125 moles of propane produce:

0.125 moles×2043 kJ/mol

=255.375kJ

0.344 moles of methane produce:

0.344 moles× 890 kJ/mol

= 306.16kJ

Therefore, 5.5 grams of methane produces more heat than 5.5 grams of propane.

Answer:

d) non-radioactive material left over from the production, assembly, and use of nuclear reactors

Answer:

The correct answer is A : -101.37 KJ

Explanation:

Specific heat, s = 4.18 J/Kg

Density of water is 1g/cm3 , so 174 cm3 of total solution is = 174 g

Total mass of reaction mixture is = 174 g

Rise in tempetrature, ΔT =  317.4 K -298 K = 19.4 K

87 cm3 of 1.6 mol dm-3 of HCl = 87 cm3 of 1.6 mol dm-3 NaOH

1.6 M solution means that 1000 cm3 of solution has 1.6 moles.

So, 87 cm3 of 1.6 M solutions = 0.1392 M of HCl and NaOH

Heat evolved (q) = m x s x  ΔT

                   = 174 g x 4.18 J/Kg  X 19.4 K

                   =14110.0 J = 14.110 KJ (for exothermirmic reaction -14.110 KJ )

 Enthalpy of neutralization = -14.110 KJ/ 0.1392 = - 101.37 KJ

Answer:

A.) -101.37 kJ

Explanation:

I got it correct on founders edtell

Answer:a) 8H2SO4 + 2KMnO4 + 10FeSO4 → 5Fe2(SO4)3 + 8H2O + 2MnSO4 + K2SO4

B) nKMno4 = 0.001859 mol

=>nFeso4=0.009295 mol

nFe= 0.009295 mol

mFe=0.52052 g

=>percentage of iron in the sample: 33.5819%

Explanation:a) 8H2SO4 + 2KMnO4 + 10FeSO4 → 5Fe2(SO4)3 + 8H2O + 2MnSO4 + K2SO4

B) nKMno4 = 0.001859 mol

=>nFeso4=0.009295 mol

nFe= 0.009295 mol

mFe=0.52052 g

The reaction is a redox reaction.

The percentage of Fe^2+ is  34.3%

The balanced overall redox reaction equation is:

[tex]MnO4^- + 8H^+ + 5Fe^2+ ----> Mn^2+ + 4H2O + 5Fe^3+[/tex]

Number of moles of permanganate =  0.020 M  * 92.95/1000 L = 0.0019 moles

From the reaction equation:

5 moles of [tex]Fe^2+[/tex]reacts with 1 mole of permanganate

x moles of [tex]Fe^2+[/tex] reacts with 0.0019 moles of permanganate

x = 5 * 0.0019 /1 = 0.0095 moles of [tex]Fe^2+[/tex]

Mass of [tex]Fe^2+[/tex] = 0.0095 moles of [tex]Fe^2+[/tex] * 56 g/mol = 0.532 g

Percentage of iron = 0.532 g/1.55 g  * 100  = 34.3%

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