Describe how the action potential is regenerated by local ion flux

Answers

Answer 1
Action potential is a mechanism of transfer of ions across the plasma membrane down their elctrochemical gradient. Action potential is regenerated by the influx of ions such as sodium in case of voltage gated sodium channels. The voltage gated channels can be either open or closed depending on the action potential. Depolarization of membrane leads to the opening of these channels that allow the sodium ions to enter the cell down their electrochemical gradient. The threshold of action potential is reached when the entry of sodium ions out reach the exit of potassium ions from the cell. This leads to the generation of action potential. 
Answer 2

Final answer:

The action potential in neurons is regenerated by local ion flux, initiated by the opening of sodium channels causing depolarization, followed by the opening of potassium channels leading to repolarization. Voltage-gated channels and the Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase pump are essential for this process, ensuring rapid signal transmission across the nervous system.

Explanation:

The action potential is a crucial process in the nervous system that allows neurons to transmit signals over long distances. It is regenerated by local ion flux through the opening and closing of ion channels in the neuron's membrane. Initially, electrical stimulation triggers the opening of sodium (Na⁺) channels, allowing Na+ ions to rush into the neuron. This influx of positively charged ions depolarizes the membrane, momentarily making the inside of the cell more positive than the outside. If the change is significant enough, potassium (K⁺) channels then open, allowing K⁺ ions to flow out of the cell. This efflux helps to repolarize the membrane, restoring the cell to its resting potential. The Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase pump plays a key role in maintaining the concentrations of Na⁺ and K⁺ ions inside and outside the cell, ensuring that the neuron is ready for the next action potential.

During the repolarization phase, the voltage-gated potassium channels open more slowly than the sodium channels, achieving peak flux shortly after the peak influx of Na⁺. This sequence of events ensures the regeneration of the action potential as it travels along the neuron. Myelination of axons speeds up this conduction and makes it more energy efficient by reducing the number of ions that need to flow to depolarize the myelinated sections of the membrane. This intricate process allows neurons to rapidly and efficiently send signals across the nervous system, highlighting the importance of ion flux in action potential generation and regeneration.


Related Questions

WILL GIVE A BRAINLEST

An increase in a predator population will directly result in _____.



a decrease in the rate of predation



a decrease in the prey population



an increase in the rate of starvation



an increase in ecosystem balance

Answers

a decrease in the rate of predation

The Answer Would be your First option


Which term describes the temperature, precipitation, and humidity of an area over hours or days?

Answers

Weather is the term which is used to describe the temperature, precipitation, and humidity of an area over hours or days. It depends upon different factors in the environment.

What is Weather?

Weather is the state of the atmosphere in an area which includes the conditions in an environment such as atmospheric temperature, pressure, wind, humidity, precipitation, and cloud cover. It differs from the climate, which is all the weather conditions for a particular location averaged over for about 30 years.

Weather conditions are determined by major factors which include air temperature, air pressure, humidity, amount and kind of cloud cover, amount and kind of precipitation in the area, and speed and direction of the wind.

Learn more about Weather here:

https://brainly.com/question/12426129

#SPJ12

Long-term marijuana use may result in __________, even long after one stops using.

Answers

may result in short term memory where the user is unable to learn new things or remember things recently learned. it can also result in problems in the respiratory system and increase the chances of the user of getting heart problems and heart attacks.

A patient with a prolonged episode of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea has an abg ordered on admission. you might expect the results to show:

Answers

Base on the following symptoms in the given problem above, the patient may be experiencing metabolic acidosis. This is a condition in which an individual has an excess acid on his or her kidneys as the individual fails to remove the acid that is accumulating his or her body or in the specified organ.

Like a panic button, the _____ issues an alert, summoning other parts of the brain that play a role in the experience of fear

Answers

Final answer:

The amygdala acts like a panic button in the brain, alerting the hypothalamus and other brain regions involved in the fear response, which includes initiating the fight-or-flight response and releasing stress hormones.

Explanation:

Like a panic button, the amygdala issues an alert, summoning other parts of the brain that play a role in the experience of fear. When you experience anxiety or fright, the amygdala signals the hypothalamus along the medial forebrain bundle, which in turn stimulates the fight-or-flight response. Consequently, the hypothalamus also prompts the release of stress hormones, such as adrenaline and cortisol, through its control of the endocrine system in reaction to amygdala input. These hormones prepare the body to either confront the threat or escape from it.

In addition to the amygdala and hypothalamus, other structures involved in fear response include the locus coeruleus, an area of the brainstem that releases norepinephrine to trigger the fight-or-flight response and has been linked to panic disorder. The fear circuit runs from the central amygdala to the periaqueductal gray in the midbrain, which is sensitive to multiple neurotransmitters and neuromodulators involved in the regulation of fear and the inhibition of these responses by tranquilizers like benzodiazepines.

A hypothesis can be disproved by a single experiment true or false

Answers

the answer is True because a hypostosis is a theory

Answer: False

Explanation:

A hypothesis is a statement which is presumed to get the cause of the natural phenomena or natural process. It involves only limited evidences. This can be tested using a scientific methodology.

A scientific hypothesis cannot be disproved by a single experiment trial as atleast 2-3 experimental trials should be performed so as to disprove the explanation in the scientific hypothesis. This can be a valid approach.

Which physical property do plasmas and gases have in common?

A- They both have charged particles
B-They have the same attractive forces between particle.
C-They have the same space between particles
D-They create magnetic and electric fields

Answers

The correct option is A - They both have charged particles.

Plasmas and gases share the property of having charged particles. In the case of gases, some of the particles may be ionized, meaning they have gained or lost electrons and thus carry a charge. However, the majority of particles in a gas are neutral. Plasmas, on the other hand, are composed of a significant number of charged particles, including ions and free electrons, which gives them unique properties such as the ability to conduct electricity and respond strongly to electromagnetic fields.

The other incorrect options are

Option B is incorrect because gases and plasmas do not have the same attractive forces between particles. Gases typically exhibit weak van der Waals forces, while plasmas, due to the presence of charged particles, can experience much stronger electromagnetic forces.

Option C is incorrect because the space between particles in gases and plasmas can vary widely. In a gas, the particles are relatively far apart compared to the condensed states of matter (liquids and solids), while in a plasma, the distance between particles can be even greater due to the repulsion of like charges.

Option D is incorrect because, while plasmas do create magnetic and electric fields due to the movement of charged particles, gases do not inherently create such fields under normal conditions. Only when a gas becomes ionized and turns into a plasma, or when it is placed in an external electric or magnetic field, can it exhibit similar behavior.

people who solve a scientific knowledge to solve a practical problems are producing

Answers

I think the answer you're looking for is Engineer 

A loss of a minimum of _______ percent of its water would be fatal to an animal.
A. 5
B. 35
C. 25
D. 15

Answers

Final answer:

The fatal water loss threshold for an animal is 15 percent. Exceeding this level can cause severe disruptions in the body's function, leading to potential fatality.

Explanation:

The student asked about the minimum percentage of water loss that would be fatal to an animal. The correct answer to this question is D. 15

While different animals can withstand varying degrees of dehydration, a loss of 15 percent or more of a body's water can be fatal. This level of dehydration typically disrupts the balance of salts and sugars present in the body, affecting the function of vital organs. Maintaining proper hydration is crucial for survival as water is essential for various physiological processes including digestion, temperature regulation, and transportation of nutrients.

Which structure or organ is thought to be responsible for stopping the eating response?

Answers

(Ventromedial) hypothalamus

Among its other functions, the hypothalamus controls a person's feeling of hunger and satiety in two anatomically distinct centers -- the lateral hypothalamus and the ventromedial hypothalamus. When glucose levels in the body are low, the liver signals to the lateral hypothalamus that a person needs to eat to increase his/her glucose levels. This gives the feeling of hunger.

As a person eats, he reaches a point called satiety, which tells him/her that he/she should stop eating. As food begins to move from the stomach to the intestines, a hormone called cholecystokinin (CKK) is produced to signal the ventromedial hypothalamus that a person must stop eating. This gives the feeling of satiety, often characterized by the full or distended feeling of the stomach and intestines. 

Explain how elevated insulin level and suppressed c-peptide level strongly supports exogenous insulin administration, as opposed to overproduction of insulin in such cases of endogenous insulin overproduction as insulinoma or treatment with sulphonylurea

Answers

Equimolar amount of insulin and C peptide are usually released into the body system circulation under normal circumstances. A large fraction of circulating insulin is typically rapidly remove by the liver while the liver clear only a negligible amount of C peptide. C peptide is primarily cleared by the kidney at a lower metabolic clearance rate.
Normally the, C peptide level increases when the pancreatic secretion of insulin increases and vice versa. Therefore, exogenous administration of insulin results in an increase in insulin level without a corresponding increase in C peptide level. On the other hand, both insulin and C peptide levels are elevated in patients with insulinoma.

Which plant cell structure stores large amounts of chemicals—including salts, minerals, proteins, and water—for the cell and helps the cell maintain its shape? plastids chloroplasts central vacuole cell wall

Answers

Always been taught that the vacuole holds the cell's water. I don't know about the other things 

The correct answer is central vacuole.

The central vacuoles are found in the plant cell which is a fluid filled organelle. The vacuole is filled with water, some salts, minerals and protein which helps to maintain the cell shape.

This is very big sized organelle that maintains the rigidity and turgor pressure of the cell.

This also maintains the pH of the cell and transport of the materials from inside to outside of the cell.

what process takes place in meiosis but not in mitosis

Answers

Meiosis involves homologous chromosome pairing and crossing over, leading to the formation of genetically diverse haploid gametes, unlike mitosis.

In meiosis, a specialized form of cell division that occurs in sexually-reproducing organisms, two rounds of nuclear division follow a single round of DNA replication. This process results in the formation of four genetically unique haploid cells (gametes), each containing half the number of chromosomes as the original parent cell. The key features of meiosis that do not occur in mitosis are homologous chromosome pairing and crossing over.

During meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material through crossing over, promoting genetic diversity. In mitosis, no such pairing or crossing over occurs, and the resulting daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cell, maintaining the same chromosome number. Meiosis plays a crucial role in sexual reproduction, ensuring genetic variation among offspring.

To learn more about Meiosis follow the link:

https://brainly.com/question/29383386

#SPJ6

The complete question is:

What process takes place in meiosis but not in mitosis?

What is one way the stage directions help contribute meaning to the scene

Answers

they help contribute as some of the actions speak greater than words so for example emotions can tell the audience a thousand things

Green plants produce their own food during photosynthesis. which of these statements about photosynthesis is true?

A. Water is one product of photosynthesis.

B. Oxygen is one product of photosynthesis.

C. Chlorophy11 is one product of photosynthesis

D. Carbon dioxide is one product of photosynthesis

Answers

water is one product of photosynthesis

Answer:

B.

Explanation:

Water is one of the  reactants in photosynthesis. It is split into electrons, oxygen, and Hydrogen ions in first reaction of photosynthesis called photolysis of water. Therefore water is not a product.

Carbondioxide is another reactant  of photosynthesis that is reduced in the light independent stage of photsynthesis by H+ from photolysis to give Glucose.This reduction takes place in the Calvin cycle, in the presence of enzyme rubisco and substrate ribulose bisphosphate, The product is 2 molecules of 3C-glycerate phosphate, which later oxidized with hydrolysis of ATP, to form 2-Triose phosphate. The latter is converted to  glucose, Amino Acids, or fatty acids.

The Pigments for trapping energy in sunlight in the leaf chloroplast is called chlorophyll.It contains photosystems I and II. It is excited with the impact  of sunlight absorbed by the photo systems  I and II, and the electron is pick up by electron acceptors.  The electron is transferred  in cascade of reactions  which ends with  the  primary pigments of photosystem I absorbing electron from photosystem II. The primary pigment replaced the lost electron with electron from photolysis of water above.

Oxygen is the by-product of photosyntheis, it is produced when water is split in Photolysis of water.Oxygen is a by-product because it is not needed in subsequent stages of photosynthesis to  give the end products.it is given off  for cellular respiration in mammals.Therefore this is the correct answer.

An instructor says that this disease has been nearly eradicated in developed countries. which disease is probably being discussed?

Answers

Nowadays, different countries are constantly emerging and expanding their liabilities which may include the field of medicine. The disease that is being discussed by the instructor that is considered nearly eradicated is probably the measles. This disease is caused by Paramyxovirus which is a major respiratory pathogen among infants and young children. Measles is also known as “rubeola virus”, an acute, highly respiratory symptoms and a maculopapular rash that affects the mouth, head, body and extremities. It begins with the appearance of Koplik spots which may end up to some complications like symptomatic encephalitis and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis(SSPE). In order to prevent this type of disease MMR(Measles, Mumps & Rubella) Vaccine is needed. According to some of the reports, it is still common to some of the countries, but WHO campaigns to eradicate the disease worldwide by the year 2020.

WILL GIVE A BRAIINLEST


What process is affected by changing environments over time?



predation



evolution



generalization



ecology


Answers

The answer is B.  

I hope this helps

Dean plays various war games on his computer all the time, even when he has other things (e.g., work and studying) that need to get done. when dean is unable to perceive his behavior as self-destructive, which of the four symptoms of addiction is dean demonstrating?

Answers

With the four symptoms of addiction, the one that he is demonstrating is the denial. The denial symptom of addiction occurs when an individual is unable to accept the facts in which the behavior that she or he is demonstrating is somehow wrong or self destructive in which Dean is in the scenario.

Dean's inability to recognize the self-destructive nature of his excessive gaming is a symptom of addiction, which aligns with the symptoms outlined in the DSM-V and those for substance use disorders.

When Dean is unable to perceive his behavior as self-destructive, he is demonstrating one of the four symptoms of addiction, specifically the lack of recognition of significant problems caused by one's behavior. In the context of video game addiction, this can manifest as continuing to game despite experiencing negative consequences in various aspects of life, such as work and study commitments. The symptoms of addiction can include a preoccupation with gaming, withdrawal symptoms, tolerance, inability to reduce playing, and continued gaming despite problems.

Dean's situation illustrates symptoms that align with those outlined by the American Psychiatric Association for substance use disorders and are similar to the proposed symptoms of internet gaming disorder included in the DSM-V. His inability to recognize the destructive nature of his gaming habits may lead to jeopardizing important aspects of his life, which is a key indicator of addiction.

What impact did housing nutrition and disease have on the lives of slaves?

Answers

housing impacted slaves as they were forced to live in small quarters. diseased spread rapidly and the quarters were always dirty. they had no personal space. disease was rampant and there was no cure for them. most slave owners did try to help the slaves because they were valuable property but disease was still an immense problem.

The nurse is caring for a patient who has been scheduled for a bronchoscopy. how should the nurse prepare the patient for this procedure

Answers

Withhold food and fluids for several hours before the test.

Meteorologists notice a low-pressure area developing over warm ocean water. Which type of storm is likely to form?

Answers

i hope this is right a cyclone or hurricane

Cyclone/hurricane good luck

Explain what the results indicate about the new strain of bacteria produced when both strains of
e. coli were mixed together.

Answers

In the experiment attached to this question, there are two different strains of E coli which are resistance to different antibiotics. E coli 1 has a gene that is extracted from chromosomal DNA and which code for resistance to streptomycin. Ecoli 2 has a gene that is extracted from plasmid DNA and which code for resistance to ampicillin.
When these two strains of E coli were mixed together, they produce a new stain of E coli which is resistance to both ampicillin and streptomycin. Because of this, the new strain was able to grow on all the plates which contain these antibiotics.

The experiments with E. coli and bacteriophages demonstrate the occurrence of genetic recombination and transformation, leading to new bacterial phenotypes such as antibiotic resistance. These results showcase the bacteria's ability to gain genetic material and express new traits, emphasizing the mechanisms behind bacterial evolution and trait dissemination.

The results from various experiments with E. coli strains and bacteriophages indicate genetic recombination and transformation events that lead to the creation of new bacterial strains with different genetic material. For instance, when E. coli strain B is infected by both h* and h strains of the T2 bacteriophage, four different kinds of plaques appear, indicating genetic mixing. The appearance of new phenotypes due to recombination suggests that DNA from each parental bacteriophage type has exchanged genetic material within the bacterial cell.

In another scenario, when E. coli is coinfected with two different rII mutants, it demonstrates that recombination can also occur between two viral genomes within a host bacterial cell. Similarly, the transformation experiment where E. coli is mixed with a plasmid carrying ampicillin resistance, results show that some bacterial cells incorporate external DNA, leading to the expression of new traits such as antibiotic resistance.

The experiments underscore the fundamental principles of bacterial genetics, such as the capability of bacteria to undergo genetic changes resulting in phenotype alterations through processes like recombination and transformation. These findings are crucial in understanding bacterial evolution and the spread of traits such as antibiotic resistance.

What is the purpose of the structure of a spirillum?

Answers

Spirillum, genus of spiral-shaped bacteria of the family Spirillaceae, aquatic except for one species  that causes a type of rat-bite fever in man. The termspirillum is used generally for any of the corkscrew-like species. sounds scary really isnt but it so cooool

Answer:

The purpose of the structure of a spirillum is to obtain more flexibility, which will facilitate its movement.

Explanation:

Spirillum bacteria are a phylum, the Spirochaetes. And its name is probably because of the spiral shape its body structure has. Due to this body structure, these bacteria have greater flexibility and can move with greater ease and agility. The movement they perform is circulatory wave (usually around the body itself).

Both glucose and amino acids claim to have a special relationship with their transport proteins. what is the basis for their claims

Answers

Both glucose and amino acids are needed inside the cells, but these molecules are too big to pass through the cell membrane on their own. Therefore, they need the help of the transport proteins which are located on the membrane of the cells. The transport proteins help both glucose and amino acid to enter the cells through facilitated diffusion.
Final answer:

Glucose is transported by GLUTs through facilitated diffusion, while amino acids are primarily absorbed through active transport mechanisms.

Explanation:

Glucose and amino acids have a special relationship with their respective transport proteins. Glucose is transported through carrier proteins called glucose transport proteins (GLUTs) in the body. These transporters move glucose by facilitated diffusion into the cell interior. Amino acids, on the other hand, are primarily absorbed in the small intestine through active transport mechanisms that are linked to the active transport of sodium.

Learn more about transport proteins here:

https://brainly.com/question/28765099

#SPJ11

When glacial ice moved into North America, some organisms survived without changing by _____.

Answers

They survived by moving to new areas.
Moving to new areas

Do not run the dishwasher until it is​ ______ full.

Answers

Answer:

No comparison

Explanation:

I got the answer correct

______ is when one species splits into two species or when one species transforms into another over time.

Answers

Microevolution 
is when one species splits into two species or when one species transforms into another over time


.WILL GIVE A BRAINLEST



Which statement best explains why herbivores are not considered parasites?



They do not actively hunt other species for food.



They do not harm the plants they eat.



They do not live on or in the body of a host.



They do not depend on the plants they eat for survival.

Answers

The answer is that they do not live on or in the body of a host.

Answer:

They do not live on or in the body of a host.

Explanation:

A parasite is a species that lives on or in another organism (which is known as the host). Parasites cause hosts some harm. Moreover, parasites are structurally adapted to the way of life of their host. Some common parasites that affect humans are hookworms, lice and protozoans such as the agents that carry diseases like malaria, sleeping sickness and amoebic dysentery. Herbivores are not considered parasites because they do not live on or in the body of a host.

Splitting the nucleus of an atom to release energy is referred to as nuclear ( blank )?

Answers

The answer for the blank would be fission
Splitting the nucleus of an atom to release energy is referred to as nuclear reaction. I think. Hope this helped.

Alexis has recently begun to bully and hurt his younger brother. If this behavior continues, it is likely that Alexis will

Answers

Final answer:

Alexis's continued bullying behavior could result in serious emotional and psychological impacts on his brother, negative consequences for himself, such as disciplinary action or strained family relationships, and necessitates immediate adult intervention.

Explanation:

If Alexis continues to bully and harm his younger brother, it's likely that this behavior, if uninterrupted, could lead to more serious problems both for Alexis and his brother. Bullying is a serious issue that can affect the mental and emotional health of all individuals involved. Alexis may face consequences such as disciplinary action from school or legal authorities if the behavior extends beyond the home.

Additionally, his relationship with his brother and other family members might become strained, and he might lose connections with peers who view the conduct negatively. Moreover, his brother might experience lasting emotional or psychological effects from being bullied.

Other Questions
What connection do all living things have with eachother 1. Moving from left to right across a row of the periodic table, which of the following valuesincreases by exactly one from element to element?(1 point)isotope numberatomic numberatomic mass unitmass number2. The atomic mass of an element is (1 point)the sum of the protons and neutrons in one atom of the element.twice the number of protons in one atom of the element.a ratio based on the mass of a carbon-12 atom.a weighted average of the masses of an elements isotopes.3. Which general statement does NOT apply to metals? (1 point)Most metals are ductile.Most metals are malleable.Most metals are brittle.Most metals are good conductors of electric current.4. Group 7A of the periodic table contains the (1 point)most reactive nonmetals.most reactive metals.least reactive nonmetals.least reactive metals.5. The unit for atomic mass is (1 point)gram.amu.pound.none of the above Why do you think citizens allowed patricians to fix elections in medieval cities? Define chemical element and list the four elements that form the bulk of body matter Find m The thalamus __________. is the region in which complex visual stimuli are distinguished and interpreted What area of the country was most affected by European immigration in the 1840s and 1850s? How to change the indent of the list item "regular" on slide 2 to .5 inches in powerpoint? Why did the Populist Party want the government to own railroads and telegraph and tele- phone systems? what is the stamp act 1765 A magnifying glass will create a larger, virtual image because the glass is made of a blank lens.pls helps Consider kite FGHJ. What are the values of a and b? Jackson earned $60 and put 1 5 of those earnings into his savings account. How much did he put into his savings account? A force of 160. N parallel to an inclined plane is required to move a 200. N weight up the inclined plane with a constant velocity. Find the coefficient of sliding friction if the plane is inclined at 30.0 degrees. what may have strengthen Iroquois leaders resolve not to ally with britain No matter what food you eat, you can always trace the source of energy back to what One impact of the electoral college system on the election process is that this system encourages candidates to Two plans for reaching a goal are given below. Plan A: Save $450 over the next 8 weeks by working 9 hours per week at $7.20 per hour. Plan B: Save $450 over the next 6 weeks by working 15 hours per week at $6.50 per hour. Which of the following is a true statement? Each box holds 10 cartons of milk.there are 300 cartons of milk.how many boxes are there? Succession performs a variety of functions within ecosystems. What is the main reason that succession is important in maintaining ecosystems? a. Succession allows the earth to change. b. Succession ultimately leads to climax communities, which are stable and sustainable. c. Succession keeps pollution from harming ecosystems. d. Succession allows simple organisms to play a larger role in ecosystems than normal. Please select the best answer from the choices provided Steam Workshop Downloader