Consider the equilibrium system:

2ICl(s) ⇄ I2(s) + Cl2(g)

Which of the following changes will increase the total amount of of Cl2 that can be produced?

All of the listed answers are correct

decreasing the volume of the container


removing the Cl2 as it is formed


adding more ICl(s)


removing some of the I2(s)

Answer:

True

Explanation:

CH2O is a polar molecule. It has three polar bonds that are arranged asymmetrically, thus allowing their dipole moments to add up and give the molecule an overall dipole moment. CH2O has a central carbon atom that forms two single bonds with the two hydrogen atoms and a double bond with the oxygen atom.

Answer: The given statement is true.

Explanation:

As the given molecule is [tex]CH_{2}O[/tex]. Name of this compound is formaldehyde as it contains aldehyde functional group, that is, CHO group.

In this molecule, carbon is the central atom and both the hydrogen atoms are attached to the carbon atom through one single bond each.

Whereas oxygen is also attached to the carbon atom but through a double bond.

Therefore, we can conclude that the statement molecule [tex]CH_{2}O[/tex] contains two single bonds and one double bond, is true.

Answer:

3.44 liters

Explanation:

before we start we must convert the celcius to kelvin by adding 273

Next we must Know we are using charles law and the eqation is V1/T1= V2/T2 we must convert it to  V1 T1 / T2

so its must equal 7.80 times 698 divided by 308 wich gives you 3.44 liters  

Answer:

3.44 or answer c on treca

Explanation:

Answer:

C. two blue boxes representing 1s and 2s orbitals, and one set of three blue boxes representing 2p orbitals; 1s and 2s orbitals have a pair of up and down arrows; 2p orbitals show three partially filled orbitals with a single up-facing arrow

Explanation:

This problem is concerned with the electronic distribution of electrons into the energy levels or sub-level of the atom of nitrogen. Here in particular, we want to know the sublevel arrangement of electrons in the nitrogen atom.

Nitrogen has 7 electrons.

In order to know the sequence of filling of the atoms we must be guided by some principles:

Obeying these principles, we have:

N  (7) = 1s²2s²2p³

The first blue boxes are the s-sublevels 1s²2s²  with one orbital and would have two electrons each oriented in the up and down direction.

The p-sublevel has three orbitals and according to hund's rule, electrons would go in singly before pairing starts. This leaves the three orbitals with a single up facing arrow.

The correct arrangement of seven electrons in a nitrogen atom is: two pairs in the 1s and 2s orbitals, and one electron in each of the three 2p orbitals. This matches the description given in option C.

The correct answer is C. The atomic structure of nitrogen (atomic number 7) includes seven electrons, distributed over the 1s, 2s, and 2p orbitals. These orbitals follow the rules of Hund's Rule, which states that all orbitals in a given subshell (2p in this case) must be singly occupied before any double occupation occurs. Therefore, the nitrogen atom fills the 1s and 2s orbitals with two electrons each and has one electron in each of the three 2p orbitals.

So, the diagram representing nitrogen's electron arrangement is: two blue boxes representing 1s and 2s orbitals, both filled with a pair of up and down arrows (indicating two electrons in each); followed by a set of three blue boxes indicating 2p orbitals, where each box contains a single upward arrow (representing one electron in each 2p orbital) which matches the description of option C.

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Answer:

Ultraviolet radiation breaks down CFCs, molecules containing chlorine. Chlorine then breaks one oxygen atom away from ozone, leaving behind a paired oxygen molecule.

Explanation:

Chlorofluorocarbons are popular called CFCs and are great climate forcers. When released into the atmosphere they cause depletion of ozone layers in the stratosphere.

CFCs are readily broken down by ultraviolet rays from the sun. This atmospheric reaction releases an atom of Cl. Chlorine is a very reactive element because it is a halogen and it requires just an electron to make it stable.

Ozone is made of three oxygen atoms. On losing an oxygen atom, it has two oxygen atoms and this turns the ozone layer to an oxygen gas pool.

CFCs lead to ozone depletion by releasing chlorine atoms that transform ozone into oxygen, thereby reducing the ozone layer's protective capacity against harmful UV radiation.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) contribute to ozone depletion because they release chlorine atoms in the stratosphere, which then engage in a destructive cycle with ozone molecules. Ultraviolet radiation breaks down CFCs, releasing chlorine atoms. These chlorine atoms react with ozone (O3), converting it to oxygen molecules (O2) through the following reactions:

Cl + O3 → ClO + O2

ClO + O → Cl + 2O2

Not only does one chlorine atom destroy many ozone molecules, but it also acts as a catalyst, meaning that after each reaction, it can continue to destroy more ozone without being consumed itself. This process hinders the ozone layer's ability to absorb ultraviolet light, resulting in increased levels of harmful UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface. The Montreal Protocol has been a significant international effort to phase out the use of CFCs and limit future ozone depletion.

Answer:

C. at low temperature and low pressure.

Explanation:

2CO₂(g) ⇄ 2CO(g) + O₂(g), ΔH = -514 kJ.

Effect of pressure:

So, decreasing the pressure will shift the reaction to the side with higher no. of moles of gas (right side, products), so the equilibrium partial pressure of CO (g) can be maximized at low pressure.

Effect of temperature:

2CO₂(g) ⇄ 2CO(g) + O₂(g) + heat.

C. at low temperature and low pressure.

-Are the most used in daily life and basic human needs

(such as oxygen,nitrogen,carbon, etc)

Explanation:

The most familiar elements are the ones most abundant in the earth and therefore the most economic ones. Good examples of this elements are oxygen, carbon, nitrogen silicium.

Answer:

A dilute aqueous potassium nitrate solution is a homegeneous mixture.

Explanation:

when hydrochloric acid is added to a potassium hydroxide solution, the acid and base would react to form salt(potassium chloride) and water

Chemical Formula:

HCl(aq) +KOH(aq) ---> KCl (aq) + H20 (l)

Answer:  [tex]HCl(aq)+KOH(aq)\rightarrow KCl(aq)+H_2O(l)[/tex]

Explanation:

Neutralization is a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base reacts to form salt and water.

[tex]HX+BOH\rightarrow BX}H_2O[/tex]

Neutralization is a double displacement reaction is one in which exchange of ions take place. The salts which are soluble in water are designated by symbol (aq) and those which are insoluble in water and remain in solid form are represented by (s) after their chemical formulas.

The chemical equation for reaction of hydrochloric acid solution with a potassium hydroxide solution is:

[tex]HCl(aq)+KOH(aq)\rightarrow KCl(aq)+H_2O(l)[/tex]

The chemical reaction described by the question:

[tex]Mg(OH)_{2} + 2HCl = MgCl_{2} + 2H_{2}O[/tex]

Then for finding the number of moles of magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)[tex]_{2}[/tex]

number of moles = mass (grams) / molecular mass (g/mole)

number of moles of Mg(OH)[tex]_{2}[/tex] = 355 / 58 = 6.12  

From the chemical reaction:

1 mole of Mg(OH)[tex]_{2}[/tex] reacts with 2 moles of HCl

6.12 moles of Mg(OH)[tex]_{2}[/tex] reacts with x moles of HCl

x = (6.12×2)/1 = 12.24 moles of HCl

And now we can determine the mass of hydrochloric acid HCl

mass (grams) = number of moles x molecular mass (grams/mole)

mass of HCl = 12.24 × 36.5 = 446.76 g

Final answer:

To determine the mass of hydrochloric acid needed to react with 355g of magnesium hydroxide, we use stoichiometry based on their molar masses to calculate that 444.09 grams of hydrochloric acid are required.

Explanation:

The student is asking how many grams of hydrochloric acid (HCl) are needed to fully react with 355g of magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2). To solve this, we'll use the reaction equation:

Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl → MgCl2 + 2H2O

First, we need to find the molar mass of Mg(OH)2 (24.305 + 2(15.999) + 2(1.008) = 58.319 g/mol) and HCl (1.008 + 35.45 = 36.458 g/mol).

Next, we calculate the moles of Mg(OH)2 used using its molar mass:

355g Mg(OH)2 × (1 mol/58.319 g) = 6.09 mol Mg(OH)2

According to the balanced equation, 1 mole of Mg(OH)2 reacts with 2 moles of HCl. Thus:

 6.09 mol Mg(OH)2 × (2 mol HCl/1 mol Mg(OH)2) = 12.18 mol HCl
Finally, we find the mass of HCl needed:

 12.18 mol HCl × (36.458 g/mol) = 444.09 g HCl
Therefore, 444.09 grams of hydrochloric acid are needed to fully react with 355g of magnesium hydroxide.

Answer:

Sand and water

Explanation:

Answer:

Water and sand

Explanation:

the prefix hetero- means 'different' so a heterogeneous mixture would be a mixture in which you can clearly see all of the components.

(like a salad)

sugar and baking soda would dissolve in the water (that would be an example of a homogeneous mixture, the prefix homo- means 'same' homogeneous mixtures have a uniform appearance throughout)

However the sand will definitely not dissolve in the water, it will simply sink to the bottom, and stay there. you would clearly be able to see both the water and the sand.

So the answer can be, none other than

Water and sand.

Answer:

5.00g

Explanation:

Molarity is moles per liter

Therefore:

x moles/.250L = .5 moles/1L

Solve for x: .125 moles required

Question asks for grams of NaOH so multiply the moles by the molar mass of NaOH

.125(39.997) = 4.999625g

Rounds to 5.00g

Answer:

Explanation:

0.5 times 39.98(mass of NaOH) = 19.99.../ 0.25= 4.99 so 5.00

Jupiter has 63 moons, which is the most in our solar system.

Answer:

Explanation:

1) Convert the distance, 13.1 km to miles

        1 = 1 mi / 1.61 km

2) Use 6.2 mi/h as a converstion factor between distance and time

3) Convert 1.3124 h to minutes

Rounding to the nearest minutes (two significant figures):

You have to check each statement, so this is equivalent to 5 different questions.

Answers:

The true statements are:

Explanations:

a. Li has valence electrons in the n = 1 energy level.

Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost main energy level (shell of electrons).

To determine where the valence electrons are, you build the electron configuration, using Aufbau rules to predict the orbital filling: in increasing order of energy.

The atomic number of lithium (Li) is 3. Hence, you have to distribute 3 electrons, and so its electron confiuration is:

The only valence electron is in the 2s orbital, i.e. in the n = 2 energy level.

b. Si has valence electrons in the n = 3 energy level.

Silicon (Si) has atomic number 14, so you have to distribute 14 electrons in increasing order of energy:

Thus, Si has five valence electrons, and they are in the n = 3 energy level.

c. Ga has valence electrons in the n = 3 energy level.

Gallium has atomic number 31, so you have to distribute 31 electrons, filling the orbitals in increasing order of enery.

The highest energy level is 4. This is where the valence electrons are. So, Ga has the valence electrons in the n = 4 level (not n = 3 as the statement describes).

d. Xe has valence electrons in the n = 5 energy level.

The atomic number of Xe is 54.

Using the short notation (noble gas notation), and filling the orbitals in increasing order of energy, you get the configuration:

Hence, the valence electrons are in the n ) 5 level, such as the statement describes.

e. P has valence electrons in the n = 2 energy level.

Phosphorus (P) has atomic number 15, hence there are 15 electrons.

The electron configuration following the increasing order of energy, which you can remember using Aufbau rules, is:

Then, the valence electrons are in the n = 3 energy level; not in the n = 2 energy level.

Answer:

(2) the same molecular formula and different properties

Explanation:

Butane and methylpropane are both isomers.

Isomerism signifies the existence of two or more compounds with different molecular structure but having the same molecular formula.

The structural difference is as a result of arrangement of the atoms or the orientation of the atoms in space.

Compounds differing in their structures but having the same molecular formula are called isomers. Isomers like butane and methylpropane differs in both their physical and chemical properties.

Answer:

Sublimation

Explanation:

Sublimation is the direct conversion of a solid to a gas.

A. is wrong. Melting is the conversion of a solid to a liquid.

C. is wrong. Condensation is the conversion of a gas to a liquid.

D. is wrong. Evaporation is the conversion of a liquid to a gas.

The solutions having pOH=3.37, [h+]=3.8x10^-4 and pH=5.11 are acidic. Solutions with pOH=11.40, [OH-]=6.6x10^-3 and pH=12.94 are basic. The solution with [h+]=1.0x10^-7 is neutral. The solutions with [h+]=5.8x10^-8 and [OH-]=3.5x10^-12 are mildly acidic and basic respectively.

In an aqueous solution at 25 °C, the pH and pOH scales are defined so that water, which is neutral, has a pH of 7.00 and a pOH of 7.00. If the pH is less than 7, the solution is acidic. If the pH is greater than 7, the solution is basic. Hence, solutions with pOH=3.37 and [h+]=3.8x10^-4 are acidic, as they would have a pH lower than 7. The solutions with pOH=11.40, [OH-]=6.6x10^-3 and pH=12.94 are basic, as they would have a pH higher than 7. The solution with [h+]=1.0x10^-7 is neutral as it has a pH of 7. The solutions with [h+]=5.8x10^-8 and [OH-]=3.5x10^-12 are slightly acidic and basic respectively due to being close to the pH of 7. The solution with pH=5.11 is acidic as it's less than 7.

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The given solutions can be classified based on pH, pOH, [H+] and [OH-]. Based on these values, they are categorised as acidic, basic, or neutral.

The values provided are measures of the concentration of Hydronium ions [H+], hydroxide ions [OH-], pH, and pOH, which help determine whether a solution is acidic, basic, or neutral. At 25 degrees Celsius, a neutral solution has pH = 7, pOH=7, [H+] = 1.0x10^-7, and [OH-] = 1.0x10^-7. If the pH or [H+] is less than 7, or pOH or [OH-] is greater than 7, the solution is acidic. If the pH or [H+] is greater than 7, or pOH or [OH-] is less than 7, the solution is basic.

Applying this for each solution: pOH=3.37, acidic; pOH=11.40, basic; [H+]=3.8x10^-4, acidic; [H+]=5.8x10^-8, acidic; [OH-]=3.5x10^-12, acidic; [OH-]=6.6x10^-3, basic; [H+]=1.0x10^-7, neutral; pOH=7, neutral; pH=5, acidic; pH=12.94, basic.

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Answer:

1.46 $.

Explanation:

2HCl + Mg(OH)₂ → MgCl₂ + 2H₂O.

Every 2 moles of HCl are neutralized by 1 mole of Mg(OH)₂.

The no. of moles of HCl = (MV) of HCl = (2.0 L)(0.5 mol/L) = 1.0 mol.

This requires 0.5 mol of Mg(OH)₂ to be neutralized.

∵ no. of moles of Mg(OH)₂ = mass/molar mass.

∴ mass of Mg(OH)₂ = (no. of moles of Mg(OH)₂)(molar mass) = (0.5 mol)(58.32 g/mol) = 29.16 g.

1.0 g of Mg(OH)₂ costs → 0.05 $.

29.16 g of Mg(OH)₂ costs → ??? $.

∴ The cost of tablets = (29.16 g)(0.05 $) = 1.46 $.

The cost of the magnesium hydroxide tablet that will be required to neutralize 2.00 L of 0.500 M HCl would be 1.46 dollars

From the equation of the reaction:

Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl ---------------> MgCl2 + 2H2O

The mole ratio of Mg(OH)2 to HCl = 1:2

Mole of 2.00 L, 0.500 M HCl = 0.500 x 2.00 = 1 mole

Equivalent mole of Mg(OH)2 = 1/2 = 0.5 moles

Mass of 0.5 mole Mg(OH)2 = 0.5 x 58.3

                                                  = 29.15 g

Since 1 tablet = 1.00 g Mg(OH)2 = 0.05 dollars.

29.15 g Mg(OH)2 = 29.15 tablet = 29.15 x 0.05 dollars

                                      = 1.46 dollars

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Answer:

Dmitry Mendeleev

Explanation:

Around 1869 a Russian scientist, Dmitry Mendeleev formed what is now known as the periodic table or chart. The Mendeleevian periodic table was based on the atomic weights of elements using the periodic law. The periodic law states that "chemical properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic weights".

The modern periodic table was re-stated by Henry Moseley in the 1900s. He changed the basis of the periodic law to atomic masses.

Answer:

T1 is shorter than T2, and the concentration of products at the end T1 is higher than that of T2.

Explanation:

Rate of the reaction = - d[reactants]/dt = d[products]/dt

∵ Rate at T1 (1.8 x 10⁻⁶ M/s) > rate at T2 (1.0 x 10⁻⁶).

∴ T1 < T2, which means that T1 is shorter than T2.

As, the rate increases, the remaining of the reactants decrease and products formed increase.

So, concentration of reactants at the end of T1 is lower than that of T2 and the concentration of products at the end T1 is higher than that of T2.

T1 is shorter than T2, and the concentration of products at the end T1 is higher than that of T2.

Answer:

- 1273.02 kJ.

Explanation:

This problem can be solved using Hess's Law.

Hess's Law states that regardless of the multiple stages or steps of a reaction, the total enthalpy change for the reaction is the sum of all changes. This law is a manifestation that enthalpy is a state function.

6C(s) + 6H₂(g) + 3O₂(g) → C₆H₁₂O₆(s),

6C(s) + 6O₂(g) → 6CO₂(g), ∆H₁ = (6)(–393.51 kJ) = - 2361.06 kJ,

6H₂(g) + 3O₂(g) → 6H₂O(l), ∆H₂ = (6)(–285.83 kJ) = - 1714.98 kJ.

6CO₂(g) + H₂O(l) → C₆H₁₂O₆(s) + 6O₂(g), ∆H₃ = (-1)(–2803.02 kJ) = 2803.02 kJ.

6C(s) + 6H₂(g) + 3O₂(g) → C₆H₁₂O₆(s),

∆Hrxn = ∆H₁ + ∆H₂ + ∆H₃ = (- 2361.06 kJ) + (- 1714.98 kJ) + (2803.02 kJ) = - 1273.02 kJ.

Answer:

- 1273.02 kJ

Explanation:

Answer:

Therefore it has not become a saturated solution

Answer:

2As2S3 + 9O2 = 2As2O3 + 6SO2

Explanation:

The correct balanced reaction is:-

2 As₂S₃ (s) + 9 O₂ (g) → 2 As₂O₃ (s) + 6 SO₂ (aq)

A balanced chemical equation occurs when the number of the atoms involved in the reactants side is equal to the number of atoms in the products side. In this chemical reaction, nitrogen (N₂) reacts with hydrogen (H) to produce ammonia (NH₃). The reactants are nitrogen and hydrogen, and the product is ammonia. It means to make the number of atoms the same on both the reactants and products side.

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Answer & Explanation:

∴ The mass of 1.0 mol of NaHCO₃ = (no. of moles of NaHCO₃)(the molecular mass of NaHCO₃)

∴ The mass of 1.0 mol of NaHCO₃ = (1)(the molecular mass of NaHCO₃) = (the molecular mass of NaHCO₃).

∴ The mass of 1.0 mol of NaHCO₃ = (atomic weight of Na) + (atomic weight of H) + (atomic weight of C) + 3(atomic weight of O) = (23.0 g of Na) + (1.0 g of H) + (12.0 g of C) + 3(16.0 g of O) = (23.0 g of Na) + (1.0 g of H) + (12.0 g of C) + (48.0 g of O) = 84.0 g.

For Na:

The mass% of Na = (the mass of Na)/(the mass of  NaHCO₃) = (23.0 g)/(84.0 g) x 100 = 27.381%.

For H:

The mass% of H = (the mass of H)/(the mass of  NaHCO₃) = (1.0 g)/(84.0 g) x 100 = 1.19%.

For C:

The mass% of C = (the mass of C)/(the mass of  NaHCO₃) = (12.0 g)/(84.0 g) x 100 = 14.285%.

For O:

The mass% of O = (the mass of O)/(the mass of  NaHCO₃) = (48.0 g)/(84.0 g) x 100 = 57.143%.

The sum of % of elements = mass% of Na + mass% of H + mass% of C + mass% of O = 27.381% + 1.19% + 14.285% + 57.143% = 99.999% ≅ 100.0%.

Answer:

Here's what I get.

Explanation:

[tex]\text{The mass of one mole of NaHCO$_{3}$ is:}\\\\\text{$\boxed{23}$ g Na +$\boxed{1}$ g H + $\boxed{12}$ g C + $\boxed{48}$ g O = $\boxed{84}$ g}[/tex]

[tex]\text{mass $\%$ Na = $\boxed{23}$ g $/$ $\boxed{84}$ g $\times$ 100 = $\boxed{27.38}$ $\%$}\\\\\text{mass $\%$ H = $ \quad \boxed{1}$ g $/$ $\boxed{84}$ g $\times$ 100 = $\boxed{1.19}$ $\%$}\\\\\text{mass $\%$ C = $\:\: \boxed{12}$ g $/$ $\boxed{84}$ g $\times$ 100 = $\boxed{14.29}$ $\%$}\\\\\text{mass $\%$ O = $\:\: \boxed{48}$ g $/$ $\boxed{84}$ g $\times$ 100 = $\boxed{57.14}$ $\%$}[/tex]

[tex]\boxed{27.38} + \boxed{1.19} + \boxed{14.29} + \boxed{ 57.14} = \boxed{100.00}[/tex]

Answer:

From a balanced chemical equation the relationships of the amount of reactants and products, either as number of units (moles) or as mass (grams), can be determined.

Explanation:

Since reactants combine in a fixed ratio to form a fixed amount of products, the law of mass conservation permits to state cuantitative relationships between the amounts of rectants and products, and this is represented through a balanced chemical equation.

The balanced chemical equation represents the reactants and products using the chemical composition of each substance (consisting of chemical symbols and subscritps)  and shows the relations in which they react or are produced using numbers as coefficients.

For example:

       1 molecule CH₄ : 2 molecules O₂ : 1 molecule CO₂ : 2 molecules H₂O

       1 mole CH₄ : 2 moles O₂ : 1 mole CO₂ : 2 moles H₂O

       16.04 g CH₄ : 64.00 g O₂ : 44.01 g CO₂ : 36.03 g H₂O

        (80.04 g reactants = 80.04 g products)

A balanced chemical equation is a concise representation that provides a wealth of information about the quantitative and qualitative aspects of a chemical reaction. It is a fundamental tool in chemistry for predicting and understanding the relationships between reactants and products.

The relationships that can be determined from a balanced chemical equation include:

 1. Stoichiometry: The stoichiometry of a balanced equation gives the quantitative relationship between the amounts of reactants and products. The coefficients in the equation represent the moles of each substance involved in the reaction. For example, in the reaction [tex]\(2H_2 + O_2 \rightarrow 2H_2O\)[/tex], the coefficients indicate that two moles of hydrogen gas react with one mole of oxygen gas to produce two moles of water.

 2. Mass Conservation: A balanced chemical equation obeys the law of conservation of mass, which states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. The total mass of the reactants must equal the total mass of the products. This allows for the prediction of the masses of reactants needed or products formed.

 3. Molecular Composition: The equation shows the molecular formulae of the reactants and products, indicating the composition of each substance in terms of atoms of different elements.

4. Chemical Equivalence: The equation provides information about the chemical equivalence of the reactants and products. For instance, it shows how many moles of one reactant are chemically equivalent to a certain number of moles of another reactant or product.

 5. Reaction Type: The equation can indicate the type of reaction, such as synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, combustion, or acid-base reaction.

 6. Energy Change: Although not explicitly shown in the equation, a balanced chemical equation can imply an exothermic or endothermic reaction through the presence of energy terms (such as heat, [tex]\(q\)[/tex], or enthalpy change, [tex]\(\Delta H\))[/tex] if included.

 7. State of Matter: The equation may include symbols for the physical states of the reactants and products (solid, liquid, gas, aqueous), which can be important for setting up experiments or understanding reaction conditions.

 8. Concentration Changes: For reactions in solution, the equation can be used along with the reaction stoichiometry to determine changes in concentration of reactants and products over time.

9. Limiting Reactant: By comparing the mole ratios of reactants in a balanced equation, one can determine the limiting reactant, which is the reactant that will be completely consumed first and thus limits the amount of product formed.

 10. Theoretical Yield: Using the balanced equation and the mole ratio between reactants and products, the theoretical yield of a reaction can be calculated, which is the maximum amount of product that can be formed from a given amount of reactant(s).

 In summary, a balanced chemical equation is a concise representation that provides a wealth of information about the quantitative and qualitative aspects of a chemical reaction. It is a fundamental tool in chemistry for predicting and understanding the relationships between reactants and products.

Answer:

Kp = 0.202.

Explanation:

CO(g) + Cl₂(g) ⇌ COCl₂(g),

Kp = (P of COCl₂)/(P of CO)(P of Cl₂)

P of COCl₂ = 0.17 atm, P of CO = 0.72 atm, P of Cl₂ = 1.17 atm.

∴ Kp = (P of COCl₂)/(P of CO)(P of Cl₂) = (0.17 atm)/(0.72 atm)(1.17 atm) = 0.202.

Answer:

a.

Explanation:

c5h12 is Pentane, which is a straight chain alkane.

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Answer:

∆Hrxn = ∑Hproducts - ∑Hreactants = 392 kj

Explanation:

∆H (heat of reaction) of a reaction is the heat that accompanies the entire reaction. This is, it represents the heat released or absorbed during the reaction .  This value can be positive or negative, and will depend on whether the process is exothermic or endothermic. A process is considered exothermic when this happens, heat is released to the surroundings, this means that the system loses heat, so ∆H <0. The opposite is true for endothermic processes, which are characterized by absorbing heat from the surroundings, which implies that ∆H> 0.

For the calculation of the heat of reaction you must make the total sum of all the heats of the products and of the reagents affected by their stoichiometric coefficient (quantity of molecules of each compound that participates in the reaction) and finally subtract them:

Enthalpy of reaction = ΔH = ∑Hproducts - ∑Hreactants

In this case you have the reaction

CH₃OH (l) + 2 O₂(g) ⇒ CO₂ (g) + 2 H₂O (g)

PRODUCTS:

CO₂: It is O=C=O.  You have two bonds C=O, so the bond energy = 2*799 kJ/mol = 1598 kJ/mole*1 mol ( Upon observing the reaction, 1 mol of CO₂ is stoichiometrically produced) = 1598 kJ

H₂O: It is H-O-H. You have two bons O - H, so the bond energy = 2*464 kJ/mol = 928 kJ/mole*2 moles ( Upon observing the reaction, 2 mol of H₂O is stoichiometrically produced) = 1856 kJ

∑Hproducts= 1598 kJ + 1856 kJ = 3454 kJ

REACTANTS:

CH₃OH: has 3 C-H bonds, 1 C-O bond and 1 O-H bond, so the bond energy = 3*414 kJ/mol + 360 kJ/mol + 464 kJ/mol = 2066 kJ /mol*1 mol (Upon observing the reaction, stoichiometrically reacts 1 mol of CH₃OH)= 2066 kJ/mol

O₂: It is O=O, so the bond energy = 498 kJ/mol*2 moles (Upon observing the reaction, stoichiometrically reacts 2 mol of O₂)= 996 kJ

∑Hreactants  = 2066 kJ + 996 kJ = 3062 kJ

∆Hrxn = ∑Hproducts - ∑Hreactants =3454 kJ - 3062 kJ= 392 kj

The sign is negative indicating an endothermic reaction.

To estimate ΔH°rxn using bond energies, you need to calculate the sum of the bond energies broken minus the sum of the bond energies formed in the reaction. The bond energies of the bonds broken are multiplied by the number of those bonds broken, while the bond energies of the bonds formed are multiplied by the number of those bonds formed. From this, the estimated ΔH°rxn for the given reaction is -216 kJ/mol.

For the given reaction:

CH₃OH(l) + 2 O₂(g) → CO2₂(g) + 2 H₂O(g)

Bonds broken:

3 C-H bonds (3 x 414 kJ/mol) = 1242 kJ/mol

2 O=O bonds (2 x 498 kJ/mol) = 996 kJ/mol

Bonds formed:

2 C=O bonds (2 x 799 kJ/mol) = 1598 kJ/mol

4 O-H bonds (4 x 464 kJ/mol) = 1856 kJ/mol

ΔH°rxn = (energy of bonds broken) - (energy of bonds formed)

ΔH°rxn = (1242 kJ/mol + 996 kJ/mol) - (1598 kJ/mol + 1856 kJ/mol)

ΔH°rxn = -216 kJ/mol

Note that the negative sign indicates an exothermic reaction, meaning it releases energy.

Therefore, the estimated ΔH°rxn for the given reaction is -216 kJ/mol.

Learn more about energy here:

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# SPJ 6

Answer:

Explanation:

The pH scale is a logarithmic scale that runs from 1 to 14.

1 is the lower limit of the scale and 14 is the upper limit of the scale. On a pH scale, to represent a decrease of one unit, the concentration of the hydrogen ion or the hydroxyl ion must change.

A decrease in 1 unit or 1 pH represents a concentration of 10moldm⁻³.

                    Note: pH= -log₁₀[H⁺]

Answer:

oceans,air,rocks,soil, also living things

Explanation: