It acted as a catalyst towards the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA by Watson & Crick. It showed that G pairs C while A pairs with T as a rule. He also noticed that the percentages of G-C and A-T pairs differed between species hence this corroborated the understanding that DNA, rather than proteins, is the genetic material in cells.
Erwin Chargaff's discovery was immensely important because it led to the formulation of Chargaff's rules.
These rules state that in any given DNA sample, the amount of adenine (A) is equal to the amount of thymine (T), and the amount of cytosine (C) is equal to the amount of guanine (G).
The significance of these findings lies in the fact that they provided a critical clue for the double-helix structure of DNA, which was later proposed by James Watson and Francis Crick.
Here is a step-by-step explanation of why Chargaff's discovery was important:
Discovery of Equal Quantities: Chargaff found that the quantities of A and T, and G and C, were always equal in the DNA of different organisms. This was a significant observation because it indicated a specific pairing mechanism.Formation of Complementary Base Pairing: The equal quantities led to the hypothesis that A pairs with T, and G pairs with C. This complementary base pairing is a cornerstone of the DNA structure.Foundation for the Double-Helix Model: These findings directly supported Watson and Crick's development of the double-helix model of DNA, illustrating how the bases pair to maintain the consistent helical structure.Consistency Across Species: Chargaff's rules also highlighted that while the overall ratios of A+T to G+C can vary across species, the equality of A with T and G with C is maintained, suggesting a universal structural principle in DNA.What is a chemical reaction?Explain this in terms of reactants,products,conservation of mass,and biosynthesis.
Answer:This law states that, despite chemical reactions or physical transformations, mass is conserved — that is, it cannot be created or destroyed — within an isolated system. In other words, in a chemical reaction, the mass of the products will always be equal to the mass of the reactants.
Explanation:
Which fat has only single bonds between the carbon atoms in the fatty acid
Answer:
saturated
Explanation:
Answer:
Saturated.
Explanation:
If carbon atoms are bonded with each other by single bond, then they are saturated. But if they are bonded by double or tripla bond, then they are called as un saturated.
Alexis is out mowing the lawn and starts to feel dehydrated. Her will secrete vasopressin. If her dehydration becomes severe, her secretion of vasopressin will .
Answer:
The correct answer is - the hypothalamus and pituitary gland respectively
Explanation:
Vasopressin is an antidiuretic hormone, a peptide hormone manufactured or produced by the hypothalamus.
The secretion and storage take place by the pituitary gland, this is termed as neurohypophysis.
Vasopressin causes reabsorption of water via acting on DCT of nephron during a dehydration body.
Thus, the correct answer is - hypothalamus and pitruitary gland respectively.
Answer:
pituitary gland and hypothalamus increases to retain water
Explanation:
The great variety of biology careers available in _____ allows present-day biologists to follow their personal interests into very specialized fields.
medicine, environmental, and related private industries
terrorism and warfare
palynology and anthropology
physics and chemistry
Answer:medicine, environmental, and related private industries
Explanation:
what is the virus that relies on molecules called reverse transcriptase to build DNA from its RNA molecules?
A. retrovirus
B. reverse virus
C.retro transcriptase
Answer:
The virus that relies on molecules called reverse transcriptase to build DNA from its RNA molecules is RetroVirus.
Explanation:
Retrovirus is a type of virus that is made up of RNA. When it attacks a cell, RNA is inserted into the host cell. Retrovirus has a special enzyme called reverse transcriptase that is used to create DNA by using RNA as template. It inserts its RNA into host genome and changes the genetic information.
What is true about the relationship of DNA and chromosomes?
Chromosomes manufacture the proteins that build the DNA molecule.
Chromosomes unwind the DNA molecule so that sections can be made into genes by RNA.
Various nucleotide sequences of DNA code for different chromosomes.
Each chromosome contains a single, tightly wound DNA molecule.
What is true of all body cells except sex cells?
Each cell type carries chromosomes and genes that identify it as that specific type of cell. For example, skin cells have different chromosomes and genes than muscle cells.
Each body cell contains the same number and kinds of chromosomes for that organism. The chromosomes contain the same number and kinds of genes for that individual.
While each cell in the body contains the same number of chromosomes, each cell type has different genes along those chromosomes.
While each cell type in the body contains the same kinds of genes, they are organized on different chromosomes depending on the cell type.
What role does mRNA play in the delivery of genetic code information?
mRNA reads the code from one gene on a chromosome and then delivers that message to rRNA.
mRNA copies the code from one segment of DNA that represents one gene and then carries it out of the nucleus to a ribosome.
mRNA transports a gene segment to tRNA where the code is read and an amino acid is made.
mRNA collects the DNA from all of the chromosome and duplicates it using nucleotide base pairs.
A snapping turtle has 52 chromosomes. Which statement correctly compares the number of chromosomes in a body cell with that in a sex cell of a snapping turtle?
The body cell has 2n; the sex cell has 1n.
The body cell has 26; the sex cell has two.
The body cell has 1n; the sex cell has 2n.
The body cell has 24; the sex cell has 26.
Which statements correctly compare mitosis and meiosis?
The result of mitosis is two identical diploid cells. The result of meiosis is four genetically different haploid cells.
Mitosis brings genetic variety to a species. Meiosis helps the body grow and heal.
Mitosis involves two cycles of cell division. Meiosis involves one cycle of cell division.
Cells that divide by mitosis carry the genetic information for body cells. Cells that divide by meiosis provide only the code for gender.
Which phase of cell division includes the pinching off or cleaving of the cell into two new cells?
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
Which statement describes the chromosomes by the end of telophase of mitosis?
The chromosomes have coiled and become more compact.
The chromosome pairs collect in a line across the middle of the cell.
The chromosomes separate at the centromere and begin to move apart.
The chromosomes reach opposite sides of the cell and begin to be incorporated into two new nuclei.
Which phase of sex cell production results in homologous pairs of chromosomes forming?
prophase I of meiosis
anaphase II
telophase I
telophase II
Which describes the chromosomes by the end of prophase II of meiosis?
The chromosomes in each of two diploid cells coil and become more compact.
The chromosomes in each of two diploid cells line up in the middle of the cell.
The chromosomes of two haploid cells split apart at the centromere.
The chromosomes of two haploid cells reach opposite sides of the cell and incorporate into two new nuclei.
A frog is the best jumper in the pond due to its long legs. What is true about this frog's heritable traits?
Its parents passed on genes for jumping distances through the chromosomes found in their gametes.
Its parents taught it the tricks to jumping farther.
Its parents passed on genes for longer legs through the chromosomes found in their gametes.
It spent more time practicing jumping greater distances.
Two genes for the same trait are compared. Which one is not an example of a mutation?
In the first, the series is adenine followed by two thymine; in the second, adenine is followed by two thymine.
In the first, the series is cytosine - adenine - thymine; in the second, it is cytosine - adenine - adenine.
The first has thymine where the second has a guanine.
The first has a series of three nucleotide bases; the other has a series of four.
Which headline would be an example of gene therapy?
Pet Fish Glow under Ultraviolet Light
Farmer Brown's Pigs Have Less Saturated Fat
Prize Winning Orchid Is a Hybrid
Gene Added to Bone Marrow Improves Immune System Function
Which sentence properly uses the word genotype?
Having inherited one dominant and one recessive gene for height, the genotype of the plant was heterozygous.
Each of the homologous chromosomes in the pair had the same recessive genotype.
Each gamete had the same genotype on each chromosome, so the result was identical twins.
The genotype was not a mutation because mRNA successfully copied the DNA strand.
this just confused the heck out of me
Chromosomes, formed by tightly coiled DNA, contain genetic information in the form of genes. mRNA transcribes this code and plays a key role in protein synthesis. Mitosis and meiosis are different types of cell division producing diploid and haploid cells respectively.
Explanation:The DNA molecule coils tightly and condenses to form chromosomes, which are crucial structures during cell division and ensure the accurate segregation of genetic information. Interestingly, each chromosome contains a single, tightly wound DNA molecule which can be composed of thousands of genes, providing the instructions for building and maintaining an organism. In the context of protein synthesis, messenger RNA (mRNA) plays a pivotal role by transcribing the genetic code from DNA and delivering it to ribosomes where proteins are synthesized.
Regarding cell division, mitosis results in two identical diploid cells, while meiosis produces four genetically diverse haploid cells, each containing half the number of chromosomes of the original cell. Finally, during mitosis, the phase during which the cell splits into two new cells is known as telophase, and it's at this point where chromosomes begin to be incorporated into two new nuclei.
In terms of inheritance, it's the genes located on the chromosomes within the gametes that determine the heritable physical traits such as leg length in frogs, playing a direct role in the jumping capability of the offspring.
18. What's developed as a result of the electron transport chain? A. Membrane potential B. Proton gradient C. Phospholipid bilayer D. New cells
The result of the electron transport chain is B) Proton gradient.
What is the electron shipping chain?The electron transport chain is a series of four protein complexes that couple redox reactions, developing an electrochemical gradient that ends in the introduction of ATP in an entire device named oxidative phosphorylation. It happens in mitochondria in both mobile breathing and photosynthesis.
What are the 3 fundamental steps in the electron transport chain?The three main steps in the electron shipping chain are:
Generation of a proton gradient throughout the mitochondrial membrane. Proton accumulation happens inside the intermembrane space of mitochondria.Reduction of molecular oxygen and formation of water.ATP synthesis by means of chemiosmosis.Hence the result of the proton gradient which is developed into the inter membrane of thylacoid or mitochondria due to H+ ions concentration.
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12. If an ecologist is looking at how many individual organisms live within a certain population, he or she is studying the population
A. interactions.
B. range.
C. density.
D. dynamics.
The answer would be C or Population Density
Answer: C. density.
Explanation:
Population density can be define as the number of individuals of the population of a species living in a particular area over a concerned time. It is affected by the death, birth, immigration and migration of the members of the concerned population.
On the basis of the above description, this can be concluded that the ecologist is looking for the population density.
A student conducts an experiment to see how music affects plant growth. The student obtains four identical plants. Each one is potted in the same type of soil and receives the same amount of sunlight and water each day. Plant A listens to classical music for three hours each day. Plant B listens to rock music for three hours each day. Plant C listens to country music for three hours each day. Plant D does not listen to any music at all.
1. In the experiment described in the scenario, what's the variable?
A. The amount of water each plant receives
B. The amount of sunlight each plant receives
C. The type of soil in which each plant is potted
D. The type of music each plant listens to
Answer:
D. The type of music each plant listens to
Explanation:
The question indicates each plant is in the same soil (so cannot be C), received the same amount of sunlight (so cannot be B) and the same amount of water (cannot be A).
However, each plant is exposed to a different type of music, one is listening classical, another rock and another country music.
So, the only variable in here is the type of music each plant listens to.
Answer:b
Explanation:
What condition is required for fermentation to occur?
The condition required for fermentation to occur is when the oxygen levels within a cell are too low for aerobic respiration.
Further Explanation:Cellular respirationThis is the process by which food substances such as glucose are broken down to yield energy in the form of ATP for the cells. The energy is then sued to drive cellular activities such as transport and cell division.Cellular respiration is classified into two;Aerobic respiration.Aerobic respiration is a type of respiration that takes place in living organisms in the presence of oxygen gas.The process involves the breakdown of organic compounds such as glucose to yield energy in the form of ATP and carbon dioxide together with water as byproducts.Anaerobic respiration/Fermentation Anaerobic respiration on the other hand is a type of respiration that occurs in absence of oxygen gas or in presence of low levels of oxygen gas in the cells.It involves the breakdown of organic compounds to form small amount of energy in the form of ATP and ethanol or lactic acid as byproducts.Anaerobic respiration/Fermentation occurs in two stages;Glycolysis; One glucose molecule is broken down to pyruvate and two molecules of ATP are formed.Fermentation; This is the second stage of anaerobic respiration, pyruvate from glycolysis can undergo various steps depending on the living organism. It can be converted to ethanol or lactic acid together with carbon dioxide.Keywords: aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, Glycolysis, Fermentation.
Learn more about:Cellular respiration:https://brainly.com/question/12792548Fermentation: https://brainly.com/question/12792548Aerobic respiration: https://brainly.com/question/12792548Glycolysis; https://brainly.com/question/12792548Kreb's cycle; https://brainly.com/question/12792548Level: High school
Subject: Biology
Topic: Cellular Respiration
Sub topic: Aerobic and anaerobic respiration
In anaerobic circumstances, where oxygen is absent, helpful microorganisms like yeast, mould, and bacteria that get their energy from fermentation are present.
A material decomposes through the process of fermentation into a simpler substance. Through a process called fermentation, carbohydrates are changed into new products by microorganisms in a chemical reaction.
When muscle cells' ability to satisfy their own energy demands through aerobic respiration is compromised, this can happen.
Alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation and are the two forms of fermentation.
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help me please :):
Steady state theorists support the perfect cosmological principle, which suggests the universe looks the same from all directions, but over time.
Answer:
The correct answer or fill in would be- but Change and evolve over time.
Explanation:
The perfect cosmological principle is a extended version of the cosmological principle. The perfect cosmological principle says that the universe is look same from all directions but can be change and evolve with time.
Steady state theory supports this theory as it also says that universe is expanding but also maintain its density even though it continuously creates stars and galaxies but still look same.
Thus, the correct answer is - but Change and evolve over time.
Final answer:
The Steady State Theory, an alternative to the Big Bang, proposes an unchanging universe with continuous creation of new matter to maintain constant density, but was disproved by observations like the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation.
Explanation:
The Steady State Theory is a cosmological model that was a popular alternative to the Big Bang theory in the mid-20th century. Developed by Fred Hoyle, Hermann Bondi, and Thomas Gold, the Steady State Theory posits that the universe is expanding, and as galaxies move further apart, new matter is continuously created to fill the resultant space, maintaining a constant density. This theory supports the Perfect Cosmological Principle, suggesting that the universe is homogeneous and isotropic not only in space but also in time, avoiding the need for a universe with a beginning and working around the issue of heat death due to exponential expansion.
However, key observations such as the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation and evidence of the evolution of galaxies and large-scale structures have considerably weakened the support for the Steady State Theory. The CMB's perfect blackbody spectrum across all directions directly contradicts the predictions of Steady State cosmology and aligns with the Big Bang model, ultimately leading to the theory falling out of favor among cosmologists.
12. How is the first loop in the circulatory system
amphibian different from the second loop?
cory system of an adult
Brings Blood To The Lungs And brings blood to and from the rest of the body
Cells regulate protein synthesis and protein activity. Discuss two specific mechanisms of protein regulation in eukaryotic cells
Two specific mechanisms of protein regulation in eukaryotic cells are transcriptional control and post-translational modifications.
Explanation:In eukaryotic cells, there are two specific mechanisms of protein regulation: transcriptional control and post-translational modifications.
Transcriptional control:Eukaryotic cells can regulate protein synthesis by controlling the rate of transcription. This involves the binding of transcription factors to the DNA promoter region, either enhancing or inhibiting the initiation of transcription. By regulating transcription, cells can control the amount of mRNA produced, which ultimately determines the amount of protein that is synthesized.
Post-translational modifications:After translation, proteins can undergo various post-translational modifications that can alter their activity. Examples of post-translational modifications include phosphorylation, acetylation, and glycosylation. These modifications can change the structure, stability, and function of the protein, thereby regulating its activity within the cell.
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What geological feature is located below an active volcano?
A. Caldera
B. Branch pipes
C. Magma chamber
D. Subduction zone
Answer:
C. Magma chamber
Explanation:
A magma chamber is a geological feature that lies below an active volcano.
Magma chamber is a pool of magma which sits below an active volcano and feeds it with molten rocks through volcanic pipes or fracture within the earth. It is the source of magma for the volcanic process.
A caldera is a landform which which is formed as a result of the collapse of a volcano. It extends to a few kilometers in diameter.
A subduction zone is a convergent plate margin in which the denser plate goes beneath the lighter one. An example is an oceanic crust going beneath the continental crust due to its higher density.
Answer: Subduction zone is a geological feature located below an active volcano.
Explanation:
One of the problems associated with the “green revolution” is that (A) not enough food is produced for developing countries. (B) it is confined to highly developed countries. (C) it makes developing countries dependent on high-energy consuming imported technologies. (D) it has been rejected by developing countries due to conflicts with customary practices. (E) technology is not advanced enough to make it cost effective.
Answer: It would be a
Explanation:
ik because i got it right
intracytoplasmic iron ganuakes can be seen as anither distinct morphologic appearance of copper deficiency true or false
Answer:true
Explanation:thats true because copper helps in transport of iron from cells and therefore increase in the intracytoplasmic iron may indicate a decrease in copper
Copper is basically maintenaning the iron gradient of the cell and therefore the whole body ,decrease in copper may lead to increased iron accumulation in the cell and less utilization of it as well hence disturbing the process of heme synthesis.
Mrs. Smith's class has been studying properties of minerals in science. She has a mineral sample and wants to know which mineral it is. She performed a scratch test using her fingernail, a copper penny, glass, and a steel nail. Which property is Mrs. Smith testing? A) cleavage B) color C) hardness D) luster
The answer is C) hardness
the answer is hardness
How do environmental factors influence genetic traits?
a.
Environmental factors determine all genetic traits.
b.
Environmental factors can determine if a genetic trait becomes a health issue.
c.
Environmental factors are determined by genetic traits.
d.
Environmental factors have no influence on genetic traits.
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
Answer:
a. Environmental factors determine all genetic traits
Explanation:
The environmental factors are the basis for the evolution of the organisms. The environment is where the organisms live, so in order for them to be able to survive, they need to evolve traits in accordance to the environment, traits that would be advantageous for their survival. This leads to changes in the genes of the organisms, changes where the genes that contribute to easier survival remain, new advantageous ones develop, while the ones that are a limiting factor are slowly removed from the gene pool. This of course takes longer period of time and it happens gradually.
Answer:
ITS B.
Explanation:
In the food web above, where does "decayed matter" come from?
A.
dead plants and animals
B.
volcanic eruptions
C.
precipitation
D.
weathered rocks
It's of course A dead plants and animals that's correct...
Answer:
A. dead plants and animals
Explanation:
What would you say to a friend that says “GMOs are dangerous to human health?”
Answer:
Depends
Explanation:
I may start with " did you know 100% of humans who breathed air have died over the past 1000 years, its been confirmed with many sources"
depends how snarky i'm feeling.
OMG ANOTHER PERSON LEARNING BOUT GMO'S IK ALOT ABOUT IT X3 Any who this is something thats been hurting people you can so somthing like "this the reason less girls having baby's in there 20 or 30 and having baby's when there like 40 and 50" it was also something on the news i really hope this helps!!
your youth behavior is often influenced by family and cultural experience
Not sure what the question is, but yes, it is indeed influenced by family and cultural experience.
the answer to your question is true
How does a bony fish use the swim bladder?
The swim bladder can allow fish to swim to lower depths without flouting upwards.
Mammary glands are a shared characteristic among mammals and the oldest common ancestor of mammals. This is an example of a
A. cladogram.
B. synapomorphy.
C. phylogeny.
D. taxonomy.
Answer: Option 'B' is correct.
Explanation:
As synapomorphy is a derived and shared characteristics that is common between ancestor of mammals and its descendants.
Like mammary glands is the shared characteristics that is common to both.
Mammary glands are a shared characteristic among mammals and the oldest common ancestor of mammals is an example of a synaomoprphy.
Hence, Option 'B' is correct.
Answer:
B. synapomorphy
correct on pf
which of the following is true regarding active transport
Answer:
It occurs against Concentration gradient
Explanation:
Transport of molecules from lower concentration to higher concentration to maintain a steep gradient.
Active transport occurs against the concentration gradient, which is the last option as energy is used for this process, and in the cell, ATP-like molecules are used for such a process.
What is the significance of the active transport in the cell?Active transport is a type of cellular transport that requires energy to move molecules or ions across a biological membrane against a concentration gradient and allows substances to be transported from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration and regulates the levels of various ions and molecules within a cell.
Hence, active transport occurs against the concentration gradient, which is the last option as energy is used for this process, and in the cell, ATP-like molecules are used for such a process.
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8 points for one simple question.
Answer:
natural selection
Explanation:
Natural selection and is the answer
Legumes are desirable during crop rotation. Give reasons
Answer:
Legumes put nitrogen back into the soil after it's been depleted by another crop.
Leguminous crops provide shelter for soil bacteria like rhizobium.
Rhizobium (plural: Rhizobia) is the nitrogen fixing bacteria present mainly in the soil. The Rhizobia chemically convert the nitrogen from the air to make it available for the plant. These bacteria live in symbiotic relationship with leguminous plants. The Rhizobia live in nodules in the roots of the plant. These bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen to nitrates and nitrites which can be used by the plants directly. Nitrogen
Explanation:
HELP ASAP!
Explain what happens to energy that is not used
A) lost energy is transferred as heat energy
B) lost energy disappears
C)unused energy is destroyed
D) unused energy is recycled
The correct answer would be A. a lot of energy is wasted as heat in reactions. Hope this helps:)
The correct answer is A
What happens to Earth when large magnetic storms from the sun bombard our atmosphere?
Answer:
The solar wind's magnetic field interacts with the Earth's magnetic field and transfers an increased energy into the magnetosphere. ... The frequency of geomagnetic storms increases and decreases with the sunspot cycle.
Explanation:
Answer:
The answer to the question: What happens to Earth when large magnetic storms from the sun bombard the atmosphere? would be: most of the radiation from the sun´s magnetic storm hits the Earth´s own magnetic fields and is reflected from the atmosphere, otherwise life on Earth would not be possible, and the energy charges the magnetosphere and can damage certain devices such as satellites, and can damage communication systems, as well as electrical systems.
Explanation:
These magnetic sun storms, are called solar flares, and could be deadly were it not for the Earth´s powerful magnetic fields. These fields, called magnetosphere, are entrusted with the task of reflecting back most radiation from the sun and space itself, protecting life. In the poles, for example, it is possible to see the interaction between solar flares and the magnetic shields of Earth in the boreal lights. However, one problem for us is that the energy released by the interaction can bring down satellites and most oftenly knocks down communication systems on Earth. This energy can also overcharge electrical systems.
Describe what would likely happen to an ecosystem if either it’s producers or decomposers were removed. Be sure to explain your reasoning. ( please please help me!!!) please
Final answer:
Removal of either producers or decomposers from an ecosystem would lead to a collapse of the energy flow and nutrient cycles, causing catastrophic impacts on ecosystem stability and the survival of species.
Explanation:
If producers were removed from an ecosystem, the primary source of energy and organic compounds for consumers would vanish, leading to the collapse of the food chain. Without producers like plants and phytoplankton, there would be no photosynthesis to convert solar energy into chemical energy, which is crucial for sustaining life in the ecosystem.
On the other hand, if decomposers were removed from an ecosystem, there would be an accumulation of organic waste and dead matter. This would impede the recycling of nutrients back into the soil and atmosphere, which is essential for the growth of producers. The disruption of this cycle would lead to a decline in soil fertility and a breakdown in the flow of energy through the ecosystem.
What does variation of traits mean?
Answer:
Genetic variation refers to differences in the genetic makeup of individuals in a population. Genetic variation is necessary in natural selection. In natural selection, organisms with environmentally selected traits are better able to adapt to the environment and pass on their genes.
Explanation: