Cathedrals were primarily significant in everyday life because they

A. took a long time to construct.

B. were paid for by ordinary people.

C. introduced new architectural styles.

D. represented the importance of the Church.

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS D.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

d the represented the importance of the church

Answer 2

The answer is D. represented the importance of the Church


Related Questions

piglet believed that in each stage, children​

Answers

Answer:

According psychologist Jean Piaget  children go through four key stages of cognitive development.: sensorimotor,  stage, concrete operational and formal operational stage. Piaget believed that in each stage, children need constant external motivation. Correct answer: C

He explained in his theory what a child is capable of doing at different stages in his or her development.

Explanation:

I would say C hope I was able to help

What defense did for former nazis offer rat the Nuremberg trials for their actions during the war?

Answers

Answer:

The Defense used by former Nazis at the Nuremberg Trails was simply that they were following orders from superiors.

Explanation:

The Nuremberg Trails were held by the Allied Forces after winning World War II. The basic agenda of the trials was to punish Nazi officers and military personnel for the crimes committed during the War.

It was an International Military Tribunal and took place in the city of Nuremberg.

A total of 24 Nazi officers and sympathizers were put up for trial. Many of them were put to death with some given given a life imprisonment of just 10 years.

Answer:

They claimed that they were just following orders.

Explanation:

grad point

Which of these claims is supported by evidence in the
passage?
World War II was the deadliest war in human
history
A majority of Japanese soldiers who fought
eventually surrendered to US forces
More Americans were killed than Japanese in the
Pacific
The relatively small number of wounded Japanese
troops was related to their unwillingness to
surrender

Answers

Answer:

D The relatively small number of wounded Japanese

troops was related to their unwillingness to

surrender

Explanation:

Final answer:

The passage supports the claim that World War II was the deadliest war in human history, with over 25 million military and approximately 55 million civilian deaths.

Explanation:

The claim that is supported by evidence in the passage is that World War II was the deadliest war in human history. The provided passages mention the enormous human cost, citing military deaths over 25 million and approximately 55 million civilian deaths worldwide, indicating that the war's global impact was unprecedented in terms of casualties. The text also specifically mentions high death tolls in countries like Russia and China, and outlines the significant losses sustained by the Axis powers, Germany and Japan, and the Allies, including the United States and the Soviet Union.

9. How did William Randolph Hearst contribute to the start of the Spanish-American
War?
A His newspapers ran editorials urging Spain to sell Cuba to the United
States.
B His newspapers lobbied Congress to pass the Teller Amendment.
C His newspapers printed stories that inflamed relations with Spain.
D His newspapers investigated the causes of the explosion aboard the
Maine.

Answers

Hello ,

I believe Option "C" is the correct answer

His newspapers printed stories that inflamed relations with Spain.

~Hope this helped~

Answer:

Option C.

Explanation:

His newspapers printed stories that inflamed relations with Spain, is the right answer.

William Randolph Hearst Sr. was a businessman, newspaper journalist, diplomat, well-known for promoting the largest newspaper chain of the nation and Hearst Communications, media corporation. He used his newspapers to push American to involve in the war. Hearst was individually committed to the origin of the Cuban revolutionaries, and the Journal did some of the significant and gallant broadcasting on the struggle. By performing so, they inflamed American sentiment against Spain.

Which of the following statements is true of both Sparta and Athens?
Both had democratic governments.
Both required citizens to serve in the military.
Both encouraged boys to learn music and poetry.
Both prided themselves on being open and worldly.

Answers

Answer:

the answer is your 2nd choice, citizens 2 serve in military.

Explanation:

Spartans and Athens both have Greek origins. therefore, have the same traditions when it comes 2 war and expanding their regions, to gain more power in the trade market, which supported their way of life.....

Both Sparta and Athens required their citizens to serve in the military, reflecting the crucial role of defense and warfare in ancient Greek city-states despite their differing governmental and cultural practices.

The question asks which statement is true for both Sparta and Athens from a given set. Examining the historical context and characteristics of these ancient Greek city-states, it's clear that both accounted for significant differences in governance, military requirements, cultural pursuits, and openness to the world. Nonetheless, one commonality stands out: Both required citizens to serve in the military.

Athens and Sparta, despite their divergent paths—with Athens laying the groundwork for democracy and emphasizing arts, and Sparta adopting an oligarchic governance focused on military prowess—shared the practice of obligatory military service for their citizens. This necessity sprang from the turbulent and warfare-prone environment of ancient Greece, driving both city-states to ensure a ready and capable defense. Therefore, the true statement regarding both Sparta and Athens is that both required citizens to serve in the military, underlining the paramount importance of military service in their societies.

which of these statements describe life after agriculture revolution?

Answers

Answer:

Most farmland was controlled by the wealthy. People moved to cities to find work. Landowners put enclosures around land.

Explanation:

Which of these led to the formation of the United Nations?
A. A peace conference held after the surrender of japan
B. An international conference held near the end of WWII
C. A meeting of the victorious nations after the defeat of Germany
D. A summit meeting between the United States and the Soviet Union

Answers

B ? I recall it occurring after World War 2 to maintain international peace

An international conference held near the end of WWII is the led to the formation of the United Nations. Hence, option B is correct.

What were all the conferences after ww2?

The future and the development of the post-war world were topics of discussion among delegates at the conferences in Teheran, Yalta, and Potsdam. The "Big Three" Allied nations—Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union—were present.

Three World War II allies met in the Yalta Conference: Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and American President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The trio got together at Yalta, a resort city on the Crimean Peninsula's Black Sea coast, in February 1945.

Three conferences held during World War II—Tehran, Yalta, and Potsdam—shaped Europe and the whole planet. Two of the three allied tripartite heads of government conferences that took place during the second world war are celebrating their 75th anniversaries this year.

Thus, option B is correct.

For more information about conferences after ww2, click here:

https://brainly.com/question/30286305

#SPJ2

According to President Roosevelt, voting is considered to
be
a responsibility that is central to our system of
government
a responsibility of elected government officials.
a duty that is required by law.
a duty of only a few select citizens.
alt,

Answers

Answer; A responsibility that is central to our system of government

Answer:

a responsibility that is central to our system of government

Explanation:

For president Roosevelt voting is a responsability of each citizen and it is the most important thing that the citizens can do to help their country, because having the right leaders fixing the course of the country is what can help citizens to have a better quality of life. Voting is the central most important thing to democracy, because democracy is based on the representation process by which each individual votes for the candidate that better suits his ideals.

The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization was founded to prevent the spread of Communism throughout the region. Which two Southeast Asian countries were a part of SEATO? (Select all that apply.)

Laos
Pakistan
Vietnam
Cambodia
Thailand

Answers

Answer:

Pakistan and Thailand

Explanation:

Most of the SEATO member states were countries located elsewhere but with an interest in the region or the organization. Australia and New Zealand were interested in Asian affairs because of their geographic position in the Pacific. Great Britain and France had long maintained colonies in the region and were interested in developments in the greater Indochina region. For Pakistan, the appeal of the pact was the potential for receiving support in its struggles against India, in spite of the fact that neither country was located in the area under the organization's jurisdiction. Finally, U.S. officials believed Southeast Asia to be a crucial frontier in the fight against communist expansion, so it viewed SEATO as essential to its global Cold War policy of containment.

Answer:

The two Southeast Asian countries that were a part of SEATO were Pakistan and Thailand.

Explanation:

The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) was an international collective defense organization created by the Manila Pact, signed on September 8, 1954. The formal organization of SEATO was established at a meeting in Bangkok, Thailand, in February 1955, where its headquarters was established, its main purpose being to block possible communist advances in Southeast Asia. The organization was dissolved on June 30, 1977.

The organization was intended to be an Asian version of NATO, in which the military forces of each of its members would be coordinated to jointly defend each of the signatory countries. SEATO used parts of the armed forces of each member country for annual joint military maneuvers.

It consisted of eight countries: Australia, France, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines, Thailand, Great Britain, and the United States.

During the 1920s, farmers received lower prices for their crops than they did during World War I. Why? A. The government regulated interstate commerce. B. The Federal Reserve inflated the money supply. C. Farmers overproduced farm crops. D. Foreigners increased purchases of American produce.

Answers

Answer:

C. Farmers overproducing farm crops

Explanation:

During the 1920's, the agricultural sector in the United States was over-producing crops for several years in a row. The farmers had their intentions to supply the US market in total, but also to have enormous amounts for export, thus to earn much more money. That actually turned to backfire, as they actually produced much more than what the US market demanded, and what was demanded for export. The prices went significantly down, so instead of profit, the farmers recorded losses. The economy crumbled because of this too, with big inflation emerging, and very big economic downfall, with the end result being the Great Depression.

Answer:

By overproducing certain crops

Explanation:

Match the events to the impact they had on Africa during the late 19th century
1.Colonization of the Congo
2.Berlin conference of 1884
3.Berlin act of 1885

Settled tutorial disputes between European nations

Prohibited The slave trade in Africa

Marks the beginning of scramble for Africa

Answers

The matches for the statements that define the conditions of Africa during the 19th century can be done as,

The beginning of the scramble for Africa was led by the colonization of the Congo; The Berlin Conference of 1884 settled the tutorial disputes between the European nations; And lastly, the Berlin Act of 1885 prohibited the slave trade in Africa.

What were the conditions of Africa during the 19th century?

During the 19th century, slave trade and other slavery practices were not uncommon in the African countries. However, with the reformations of the European colonists, slavery ended during the late 19th century.

Hence, 1-C; 2-A and 3-B are the statements that match the conditions of Africa during the 19th century.

Learn more about Africa during the 19th century here:

https://brainly.com/question/21335699

#SPJ2

Final answer:

During the late 19th century, the Berlin Conference initiated the scramble for Africa, the Berlin Act sought to settle territorial disputes and prohibited the slave trade, and colonization like that of the Congo represented European exploitation.

Explanation:

The impact of pivotal events on Africa during the late 19th century is significant in understanding the continent's colonial history. The Berlin Conference of 1884 marks the beginning of the scramble for Africa, as European nations began to divide and colonize the continent. The Berlin Act of 1885 is renowned for its role in settling territorial disputes between European nations during this partition. It included provisions that prohibited the slave trade in Africa, among other regulations. Lastly, the colonization of the Congo, one of the many results of the Scramble, tragically demonstrates the exploitation of African resources and the imposition of European control over African territories.

what is the maximum number of hours per week that a 16 or 17 year old can work​

Answers

Answer: 20 hours on school weeks, 48 hours on non-school weeks, and 28 hours if you have Special Variance (special permission because you have good cause)

It kind of depends on what state you live in. For anyone 16 to 18 years of age, the law generally says that you can work full-time but not over eight hours per day or 40 hours each week.

What did President Harding's administration do to influence the American
economy after World War I?

Answers

Answer:

President Harding implemented policies meant to help the American economy and American businesses after World War I. To do this, President Harding reduced the amount of taxes that businesses have to pay the federal government

Explanation:

Answer:

He signed a bill called Fordney-Mccumber which greatly increased tariffs as one of his policies to help the American economy.

Explanation:

After the world war 1 the American economy was hardly hurt do the cost incurred by America in waging a successful war in collaboration with Allied forces, against the soviet Union.

In order to help revive the economy and encourage business to go into production of goods and services that will in turn generate revenue for the economy. President Harding reduced taxes be paid by businesses/industries mostly farmers plying their trade/producing their products in the U.S, while increasing tariffs ( tax paid on imports or exports )

Before the Song Dynasty, what religious belief probably had a negative effect on the popularity of Confucianism in China?

Answers

Final answer:

Before the Song Dynasty, Buddhism likely had a negative effect on the popularity of Confucianism in China. The growth of Buddhism and its eventual suppression under the Tang dynasty reflect the complex interactions among China's major religious and philosophical traditions.

Explanation:

Before the Song Dynasty, the religious belief that probably had a negative effect on the popularity of Confucianism in China was Buddhism. During this period, Buddhism's popularity grew significantly, though it later became a point of contention, leading to suppression and persecution under the Tang dynasty. Buddhism, introduced to China from India, was seen by some as alien and potentially undermining the Confucian and Daoist ideologies that had long been dominant in Chinese society. This tension culminated in the Tang dynasty's active suppression, including the destruction of Buddhist temples and the secularization of monks and nuns. This historical conflict highlights the challenges Confucianism faced from other religious and philosophical traditions, with Daoism and Legalism also influencing Chinese social and political life to various degrees. However, by the time of the Song Dynasty, Neo-Confucianism—a reinvigorated form of Confucian thought incorporating Buddhist and Daoist elements—began to take root, reflecting the complex interplay of religious and philosophical beliefs in China.

Which of the following contributions made Egypt's central government possible?

A.) pyramids and mummification

B.) hieroglyphics and papyrus

C.) ziggurats and agriculture

D.) mathematics and the calendar

Answers

Answer:

B.) hieroglyphics and papyrus

Explanation:

gimme back ma points lol :)

PLEASE ANSWER !!! WORTH 30 points

Read the passage from George Washington's Farewell Address.

"I have already intimated to you the danger of parties in the State, with particular reference to the founding of them on geographical discriminations. Let me now take a more comprehensive view, and warn you in the most solemn manner against the baneful effects of the spirit of party generally."

Which most accurately identifies and explains the action Washington cautions against?

A). allowing political parties to use negative campaigning.

B). creating political parties because they can have various negative effects.

C).permitting states to develop their own independent political parties.

D). celebrating one geographical region of the United States more than others.

Answers

B). creating political parties because they can have various negative effects, As it states in this line from the passage: "Let me now take a more comprehensive view, and warn you in the most solemn manner against the baneful effects of the spirit of party generally."

Final answer:

George Washington warned against the creation of political parties as he believed it could lead to division and animosity, hindering unity and the common good.

Explanation:

The action that George Washington cautions against in the passage from his Farewell Address is B). creating political parties because they can have various negative effects. Washington famously warned about the 'spirit of party' in his Farewell Address, and his warnings have often been interpreted as a caution against the division and animosity that can result from the formation of political parties. He believed that parties could lead to infighting and partisan division at the expense of unity and the common good.

Learn more about George Washington's Farewell Address here:

https://brainly.com/question/36280486

#SPJ3

4. In the Framers' original presidential selection plan, electors would
A cast one vote for a President
B cast two votes, each for a different candidate for President
C cast two votes for a President and two votes for a Vice President
D cast one vote for a president and one for a vice president​

Answers

Answer:

In the Framers' original presidential selection plan, electors would cast two votes, each for a different candidate for President. - B

Answer:B

Explanation:Gradpoint

What economic troubles did France face in 1780s

Answers

Answer:

Poor Tax collection,

Explanation: Excessive spending, Income equality, Skyrocketing food prices.

Final answer:

In the 1780s, France confronted economic crises due to national debt, unfair tax systems, low crop yields, food shortages, and escalated commodity prices. These factors paved the way for the French Revolution.

Explanation:

In the 1780s, France faced significant economic troubles. One major issue was the country's debt, which had greatly increased due to participation in the American Revolution and the extravagance of the French aristocracy. Wealthy nobles and clergymen were exempt from many taxes, and as a result, much of the financial burden fell on the peasants and working class.

Moreover, poor agricultural practices and severe weather led to low crop yields and food shortages. This situation, in turn, spiked the prices of basic commodities, leading to widespread famine and dissatisfaction among the masses. The economic woes of the 1780s were a crucial spark that led to the French Revolution at the end of the decade.

Learn more about France's economic troubles here:

https://brainly.com/question/34832732

#SPJ6

HELP!! Based on the graph, which of the following statements is true?​

Answers

Answer:

Hi there!

The answer to this question is: Americans in the 1970s experienced a steep rise in product prices.

Which of the following tools is more useful for learning about prehistory than for learning about history?

A. C-14 Dating

B. Secondary sources

C. Diaries

D. Newspaper articles​

Answers

Answer is :

C-14 Dating- A.

The correct answer is A. C-14 Dating

Explanation

History is the science that studies the facts of humanity's past period from the first record of writing systems to the present. On the other hand, prehistory is the period from the appearance of the first hominid until the emergence of writing. In spite of the above, it is history as a science the one that is responsible for studying everything that happened in the past. Additionally, for the investigation of prehistory, scientists have used mainly the carbon-14 (C-14 Dating) method that allows them to know the age of some objects found around the world, while for the period considered history, texts of all kinds have been taken to study civilizations and humanity. Because in these events from history but not from prehistory are recorded. So, the correct answer is A. C-14 Dating

how many categories of information are there

Answers

Answer: In general, there are three types of resources or sources of information: primary, secondary, and tertiary.

What is Information ?

The dictionary meaning of this term ‘Knowledge’ ‘Intelligence‘a facts’ ‘data‘a message’ ‘a signal’ which is transmitted by the act or process of communication.

Categories of Information

There are 6 categories of Information:

Conceptual information: Information which is based on ideas, concepts, theories, hypothesis and might be used in future or not. It does not always means the actual meaning. Such information do not have scientific foundation.

Empirical Information: The word empirical information denotes information acquired by means of observation or experimentation. This information have scientific foundation.

Procedural Information: The methodology which enables the investigators to operate more effectively. Procedural information relates to means by which the data of investigation are obtained, manipulated, and tested.

Stimulatory Information: Information which creates stimulation among the people are called to be the stimulatory information.

Policy Information: This type of information focuses on the decision making process. It can be obtained from description, picture, diagram etc.

Descriptive information: Information which deals with providing direction is called directive information.

Learn more about Information here:

https://brainly.com/question/1299137

#SPJ2

What did people bring with them as they moved West?

A: All of their items

B:Their culture and beliefs
Their farms

C: Their slaves

Answers

Answer:

Their culture and beliefs

Explanation:

People did not bring many items as they moved West, but they did bring their beliefs.

Their culture and beliefs Their farms was people bring with them as they moved West.

Why do people move to West?The U.S. population is getting older not just literally but on net, and places like the Villages are expanding in population as a result. That aging also contributes to the speed at which the population center is moving to the west.

Their culture and beliefs Their farms was people bring with them as they moved West.

To learn more about  people move to West refer:https://brainly.com/question/12157835

#SPJ2

What song made Panic at the Disco famous?

Answers

Answer:

there's a song called "New Perspective"

Explanation:

Answer:

i'm not 100% sure but i think it's high hopes

Explanation:

impact of arms race

Answers

The arms race changed the relationship between the democratic west and the Soviet Union and created an atmosphere of fear and national insecurity known as the Cold War. During the Cold War, the Communist and Democratic nations accumulated huge arsenals of nuclear weapons that could destroy entire regions of the Earth. From this mammoth amount of power and influence came distrust, accusations of treason, and an era of nationalism. Today, many of the weapons still exist and pose a large nuclear threat, causing both the West and the East to fear each other as well as the possibility of nuclear warfare.

How did nationalism aid Napoleon’s rise to power in France?


His new Continental System expanded trade with Britain, making the French proud of their prosperity and his rule.


His extension of the French Revolution’s social reforms promoted France’s cultural image and his power.


His military victories greatly activated French national pride and won him continuing popular approval.


His support of women’s rights in the Napoleonic Code made French women proud of their nation and its leader.

Answers

Answer:

His military victories greatly activated French national pride and won him continuing popular approval.

Explanation:

Before, France was suffering defeat after defeat due to a lack of leadership that arose following the "Reign of Terror". However, on the discovery of an artillery commander by the name of Napoleon Bonaparte who helped France win a string of victories, the French Congress decided to ascend him to become a military leader of the Army. Soon, he gained popularity with the army as well as the French Public because of his leadership & victories, which led to him being able to host a successful coup d'tate, which led to him becoming the leader of France.

~

Tiberius Gracchus proposed to reform _______ that got him in trouble with the senate

A:the senate C:land

B:the military D: trade


what is the answer plz help

Answers

Im pretty sure its B

Hi !

Tiberius Gracchus proposed to reform _______ that got him in trouble with the senate

C:land

How do demographic factors affect the way people in the United States view political
questions? List three factors, and give examples of opinions they might affect.

Answers

Answer:

Age is a demographic factor that has great influence on political opinions.

For example, old people tend to vote for the Republican Party because they tend to be more religious, while young people tend to vote of the Democrats because they tend to be more secular. (Secular means not religious).

Race is another key demographic factor. For example, African americans view on political questions relating to racism are very different from the views that the average white person holds.

Finally, marriage status is also a demographic factor influencing political opinion. Imagine that congress wants to impose a new tax on single people in order to fund a program. Married people would probably be in favour of the measure, or neutral, while most single people would be against it.

The main source of water for cattle ranches in the outback comes from _____.


inland lakes


artesian wells


rivers


rainfall

Answers

Answer:

The main source of water for cattle ranches in the outback comes from rivers. ( third choice)

The correct option for the main source of water for cattle ranches in the outback comes from is C. Rivers

What water is used for cattle?

Groundwater was the source of 62 percent of total livestock withdrawals. Sources/Usage: Public Domain. Withdrawals for livestock were about the same in 2015 as in 2010.

Conclusion: The use of agricultural water makes it possible to grow fruits and vegetables and raise livestock, which is the main part of our diet. Agricultural water is used for irrigation, pesticide and fertilizer applications, crop cooling (for example, light irrigation), and frost control.

Learn more about Public Domain here https://brainly.com/question/19954543

#SPJ2


Which of the following choices allows a society to differentiate jobs?
A)surplus food
B)religious beliefs
C)a nomadic lifestyle
D)a written language

Answers

Answer:

A) surplus food

Explanation:

In order for a society to be able to develop, prosper, and start to specialize, the most crucial thing that the people have to have at disposal is a surplus of food. If there is a surplus of food, that means that the people will have secured their basic need and don't have to worry about it, and on top of that they have much more spare time. This security of food sources and spare time, results in a society where the jobs start to differentiate. Not all people are needed in the production of food, so some of them will use their skills and brains for other purposes, such as art, science, construction, metal-work etc. That will result in specialization of the people in numerous different professions, making up a vibrant society that prospers and develops in all directions.

Final answer:

The correct answer is surplus food, which is critical for societies to support job differentiation as it allows for the development of specialized roles beyond food production. This transforms societal structure, promoting complexity and organized systems.

Explanation:

The question, Which of the following choices allows a society to differentiate jobs?, relates to how societies develop and organize labor. The correct answer is surplus food. The development of agriculture and the resulting surplus of food are pivotal for societies to support non-agricultural activities and professions. This surplus allows individuals to specialize in tasks other than food production, leading to job differentiation. Historically, once a society develops a reliable food source, it can support artisans, bureaucrats, and other specialized roles, promoting societal complexity and economic variance. This process typically leads to the development of more structured social hierarchies and organized systems of governance and culture.

Who was the 13th president of the United States?

Answers

Answer:

Millard Fillmore was the 13th president of the United States.

Explanation:

Other Questions
a force of 1 Newton is equivalent to 1 what type of hardware and software does Instagram use? 2 Help3x +8x+ 5-14Which constant would you add to the RIGHT side of thequadratic equation in order to solve by completing thesquare? Remember, this is a two-step process In which situation is no work being done?A. a person carrying a box from one place to anotherB. a person picking up a box from the groundC. a person pushing a box from one place to another D. a person pulling a box from one place to another Which two phrases in the excerpt supports the claim that Paine believed the human cost of the colonists' armed struggle against the British was well worth the outcome? solve for x 3(x-2)=9answers 54-5-4 Shari is a 9-year-old girl who lives in California. She lives with her parents, her younger sister, and her grandparents. Her maternal uncle, who has recently emigrated from India to the United States, also lives with them. Shari family is most likely to be categorized as a(n) _____ family. Solve the analogytreaty war:: sleepA . restB . snoringC . alarm clockD . quietE . nighttime What events caused the United States to intervene in Southwest Asia? Which device uses AC current to operate? Which verb phrase correctly completes the conversation? Julia: ____ _______ la historia de la calabaza de Halloween? Rosa: No, no la he escuchado. Por favor, cuntamela. A. Has escuchado B. He escuchado C. Hemos escuchado D. Han escuchado . What is an argument? (10 points) A practical statement based on emotion A political statement based on fear A position statement based on logic A scientific statement based on humor 2. What refrigerant has been approved for new household refrigerators and freezers Correct subject pronoun to use when youre talking to a group of people youve never met before and you want to be polite A purpose of the Declaration of Independence was to explain Alex has three times as much money as Jennifer. Jennifer has $12 less than Shannon. Together they have $91. How much money does Alex have? how many moles of carbon dioxide gas co2 are there in 2.94 l of this gas at stp the value of cosec35- sec55 will be I love to fly. What is the noun A family has seven sons. The chance that their eighth child will be a daughter is _____. One chance in seven, one chance in eight, one chance in two, practically none