Answer:
new moon and full moon
Explanation:
Tides occur due to gravitational force of the sun and the moon. During New moon and Full moon, the Sun and the Moon are aligned in a straight line. This alignment leads to strong effect of gravity on tides and highest high tides and lowest low tides occur. These tides are referred as spring tides.
Neap tides occur when the sun and the moon are aligned at right angles. Effect of gravity is minimum and low tidal range is observed.
The answer is A
New moon and full moon
Which of the two tests would likely produce more false negatives with a shorter incubation time?
Answer: A short incubation time runs the risk of a false negative on the VP test, since not enough time may have elapsed to produce an adequate amount of acetoin to give a positive result. The pH change associated with mixed acid fermentation occurs fairly quickly and is less likely to be affected by shorter incubation.
b) The VP test would benefit most from a longer incubation time because it takes a while for the 2,3-butanodiol to be produced.
Explanation:
What is a cell doing during the g1 and g2 periods
Answer:
G1-preparation for DNA replication
G2-preparation for mitosis
Explanation:
Cell cycle is a process that can be divided into two major phases: interphase and mitotic phase (division). Interphase is than subdivided into G1, S and G2 phases while mitotic phases consists of prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.
Phases in interphase:
G1 or Gap 1 is characterized by cell growth (cell becomes much larger), synthesis of molecules and organelles copying.S phase is characterized by DNA replicationG2 phase or Gap 2 phase is phase in which cell makes more proteins and organelles and prepares for mitosisThe G1 phase is a cell's first growth stage where it performs normal functions and prepares for DNA replication. Following this, the cell enters G2 phase, which entails further growth, protein synthesis for chromosome manipulation, and preparation for mitosis.
Explanation:The G₁ phase (gap 1 phase) is the first gap, or growth stage, in a cell's life cycle. During this phase, a cell grows and carries out all its normal metabolic functions and processes. It's a time when the cell might spend from a few hours to many days, depending on its specific role and the physical conditions. For cells that will divide again, G₁ is followed by replication of the DNA during the S phase.
Following DNA replication during the S phase, the cell enters the G2 phase. This is a second gap phase, during which the cell continues to grow. It also makes the necessary preparations for mitosis, which includes synthesizing proteins necessary for chromosome manipulation and duplicating some cell organelles. The length of this phase is typically about 5 hours.
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compare and contrast viruses and bacteria
Answer:
A Virus is a infectious agent that only multiply in the living cells of organisms
Bacteria (Can depend on which kind) is a member of a large group made up of unicellular microorganisms. They contain cell walls but do not contain a nucleus or organelles.
Some bacteria can cause diseases like viruses.
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Offshore wind turbines are more efficient compared to onland wind turbines. Which statement best describes the advantage of using offshore wind turbines than onland wind turbines?
A) Offshore wind turbines use more water compared to onland wind turbines.
Eliminate
B) Offshore wind turbines need more space compared to onland wind turbines.
C) Offshore wind turbines contributes to carbon emissions compared to onland wind power turbines.
D) Offshore wind turbines have more consistent wind power and speed compared to onland wind turbines.
Answer D: Offshore wind turbines have more consistent wind power and speed compared to on land wind turbines.
Explanation:
Offshore wind turbines do not need land space. There are no trees that would interfere with the wind power and speed. Offshore wind turbines do not use water.
Offshore wind turbines are more advantageous because they have access to more consistent and stronger winds, potentially generating more energy. Hence, option D is correct.
Offshore turbines can utilize the steadier and stronger winds found over bodies of water, and because they are usually located far from shore, they are less likely to conflict with land-based uses and aesthetic concerns. Moreover, they have the potential to generate more energy due to these stronger and more consistent winds.
Which of the following statements about the corpus luteum is FALSE? a. None of the other answer options is false.b. Progesterone secreted by the corpus luteum maintains the uterine lining.c It is composed of follicle cells that remain in the ovary following ovulation.d. The corpus luteum is maintained first by FSH and then by hCG.e. If the egg is not fertilized then the corpus luteum degenerates.
Answer:
The correct option is D.
Explanation:
The corpus luteum refers to the structure that is formed in an ovary after an ovum has been discharged; this structure degenerates if pregnancy does not occur. The formation and degeneration of corpus luteum occurs in a cycle. Many hormones are involved in this cycle, but the hormone that is initially responsible for the maintenance of the corpus luteum is LEUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH) not FSH. If pregnancy occur, then hCG hormone will support the work of LH and the two of them will work together.
Franny drew a diagram to compare images produced by concave and convex lenses.
Which belongs in the area marked X?
Real
Virtual
Larger than object
Upside down
Answer:
Virtual is the answer
Explanation:
Answer:
Virtual
Explanation:
I need help ASAP!!!! 98 points will be added to your account when you answer these questions
1. Describe the main factors that led to a boom in the human population size in the last 300 years.
2. Population A contains 450,000 people and has a 3.3 percent annual growth rate. Population B has 900,000 people and a 1.8 percent annual growth rate. Which population would increase by more people in one year? Explain
3. Describe the relationship between population density and population distribution.
4. As people become more concentrated in cities, some pressure on ecosystems in areas that are not less populated eases. Why do you think this is the case?
The main factors that led to a boom in human population size in the last 300 years include advancements in medical technology, increased agricultural productivity, industrialization, and improved standards of living. Population A would increase by more people in one year due to its higher growth rate. The relationship between population density and population distribution is that population density is a measure of the number of people living per unit area, while distribution refers to the pattern of where people live. Urbanization relieves some pressure on ecosystems as it concentrates human impact into smaller areas, allowing the regeneration of ecosystems in non-urbanized regions.
Historically, the human population grew at a slow rate until the onset of the Industrial Revolution, which led to improved medicine, sanitation, and food production, promoting a rapid increase in population. Population A's annual growth rate of 3.3 percent would result in a larger absolute increase in numbers compared to Population B with an annual growth rate of 1.8 percent, despite the initial population size difference. The concept of population density is distinct from distribution; densely populated areas might be unevenly distributed if large regions are sparsely inhabited. Urbanization can reduce pressure on ecosystems located away from cities because it centralizes resource consumption and waste production, allowing undisturbed regions to maintain or recover their natural ecological functions.
What did matthias schleiden contribute to the cell theory
Answer:
He was the firs who claimed that organism is composed of cells.
Explanation:
Together with Theodor Schwann and Rudolf Virchow, a German botanist Matthias Schleiden was a cofounder of cell theory. He studied plant structure under the microscope and there he discovered that the basic units of plant organism are cells. He was also involved in the findings about the cell nucleus and the cell division process.
Matthias Schleiden, a German botanist, contributed significantly to the development of the cell theory. He proposed, with Theodor Schwann, that all living things are composed of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and new cells come from existing cells. His work aided in the acceptance of cell theory as a foundation for biological understanding.
Explanation:The German botanist Matthias Schleiden contributed significantly to the development of the cell theory. Along with the zoologist Theodor Schwann, he proposed in the late 1830s the unified cell theory. This theory posited that all living things are made up of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and new cells come from existing cells.
Schleiden made extensive microscopic observations of plant tissues and described them as being composed of cells. His studies of plant cells were particularly impactful because plant cells, with their visible, thick cell walls, were easier to observe than animal cells. Contrary to the contemporary belief, Schleiden put forth that cells did not form through crystallization, but rather through cell division.
Despite the fact cells were first observed in the 1660s by Robert Hooke, Schleiden's work, alongside collectives efforts of scientists like Schwann, Remak, and Virchow, was instrumental in the scientific community's acceptance of the cell theory as a foundation for understanding the basic structure of life.
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The alleles found in haploid organisms cannot be dominant or recessive. Why?
Answer:
Because haploid organisms have only one set of chromosomes
Explanation:
Haploid organisms, unlike diploid that contain two sets of chromosomes (2n), have only one set of chromosomes (n). This means that they only have one gene copy and one allele (variant) for that gene. So, there is no recessive or dominant relationship.
Humans are diploid organisms, meaning that their cells have 2n chromosomes with the exception of gametes. Gametes are formed during the reduction division (meiosis) in which chromosome number is reduced to half.
So, when to gametes fuse, during the fertilization, formed new organism contain two sets of chromosomes (one from father and one from mother).
The concepts of 'dominant' or 'recessive' alleles apply only to diploid organisms that have two copies of each gene. In haploid organisms, which only have one copy of each gene these concepts don't hold, as there's no 'other' allele present for expressing dominance or recessiveness.
Explanation:In biology the concept of alleles being dominant or recessive only applies to diploid organisms, which carry two copies of each gene. However, haploid organisms, like some fungi, algae, and many microorganisms, only have one set of genetic information, or genome. Therefore, they contain only one version of each gene which eliminates dominant or recessive traits.
Consider Mendel's pea plants. Here the two versions of each gene (alleles) interact to produce physical traits or phenotypes. For instance, taking a gene dealing with seed color the yellow-seed allele is dominant and the green-seed allele is recessive. In a cross between a homozygous yellow-seed plant (YY) and green-seed plant (yy), we would find that all the F1 hybrid offspring possess yellow seeds because yellow trait (Y) is dominant.
However, in haploid organisms, a gene directly expresses itself without any suppression or dominance. As there is only a single copy of each gene present, there's no 'other' allele to be dominant or recessive over. Hence, alleles in haploid organisms cannot be referred to as dominant or recessive.
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What are two important minerals for the nervous system
Answer:
vitamin b1 and magnesium are two examples
Explanation:
vitamin b1 is essential for the natural functioning of the nervous system, and magnesium is a helpful supplement
Final answer:
Calcium and potassium are two important minerals for the nervous system, vital for nerve function and muscle contraction. A balanced diet that includes these minerals, along with vitamins, healthy fats, and sufficient hydration, is essential for maintaining a healthy nervous system.
Explanation:
Two important minerals for the nervous system are calcium and potassium. These minerals play a crucial role in nerve transmission and muscle function. Calcium is essential not only for maintaining strong bones and teeth but also for muscle contraction, nerve function, and blood clotting. Potassium, on the other hand, is a major cation inside cells and is vital for the proper functioning of the heart, muscles, kidneys, and nerves. Both minerals are involved in cellular processes that include muscle contraction and nerve conduction, making them indispensable for a healthy nervous system.
In addition to these minerals, maintaining overall nervous system health also requires adequate intake of vitamins, healthy fats, and hydration. For instance, vitamins B₁ and B₁₂ are critical for nervous system health, while healthy fats, such as those found in nuts and fish, help insulate the axons of neurons and may enhance memory and learning. Drinking plenty of water helps prevent dehydration, which can negatively impact cognitive function.
Which division of the human peripheral nervous system is responsible for maintaining body temperature?
The somatic division
The motor division
The sympathetic division
The autonomic division
The sympathetic division is the correct answer
Answer:
Sympathetic Division
Explanation:
Match the graphs with type of corrections they represent
Answer:
negative correlation
Explanation:
Answer: negative correlation, positive correlation, no correlation.
Explanation:
For Platos analyzing and communicating scientific info. Test
Red wolves are an endangered species in the United States. Which agency is responsible for their protection?
Check all that apply.
○ National Park Service
○ US Fish and Wildlife Service
○ US Forest Service
○ Bureau of Land Management
Answer:
US Fish and Wildlife Service
Explanation:
The US Fish and Wildlife Service is the agency that has the authority to protect the habitat and the fish, and wildlife. They do that by securing an area, getting well prepared professionals on the ground or water, and they try and mostly manage to stop any illegal activities that can harm the habitat and the local flora and fauna. They are very important especially when it comes to stopping the poachers and getting them behind bars, as very often they are the main threat and reason why certain animals have come on the verge of extinction. Often this agency is accompanied and supported by the National Marine Fishery Service.
Answer:
US Fish and Wildfire Service
Explanation:
I PROMISE ITS THE RIGHT ANSWER !!PROMISE!!Which word describes structures that are used for the same purpose in the environment but do not share the same development?
Answer:
Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different lineages. Convergent evolution creates analogous structures that have similar form or function but were not present in the last common ancestor of those groups. The cladistic term for the same phenomenon is homoplasy. The recurrent evolution of flight is a classic example, as flying insects, birds, pterosaurs, and bats have independently evolved the useful capacity of flight. Functionally similar features that have arisen through convergent evolution are analogous, whereas homologous structures or traits have a common origin but can have dissimilar functions. Bird, bat, and pterosaur wings are analogous structures, but their forelimbs are homologous, sharing an ancestral state despite serving different functions.
The opposite of convergence is divergent evolution, where related species evolve different traits. Convergent evolution is similar to parallel evolution, which occurs when two independent species evolve in the same direction and thus independently acquire similar characteristics; for instance, gliding frogs have evolved in parallel from multiple types of tree frog.
Many instances of convergent evolution are known in plants, including the repeated development of C4 photosynthesis, seed dispersal by fleshy fruits adapted to be eaten by animals, and carnivory.
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When Europeans arrived, the white and red pine that grew near the jack pine plains, were logged and then all the pine acreage was set on fire. Millions of acres of pine trees were burned. How did these practices temporarily impact the carbon cycle model seen here?
Answer:
Deforestation negatively impacts the carbon cycle as trees play an important role in balancing the amount of carbon in the atmosphere.
Explanation:
Deforestation is one of the most damaging activities to the environment due to different reasons but mainly because it releases important amounts of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere due to the logging and burning of forests and also leads to the reduction of fauna populations because of habitat destruction.
In this case, cutting white and red pines and then setting a pine acreage on fire disrupts the carbon cycle because:
a) [As stated above] Trees play an important role in balancing the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere as there is less photosynthesis carried out by plants - important part of the carbon cycle.
b) When trees (wood) are burned, the carbon that was formerly stored is released into the atmosphere as CO2, leading to another disruption in the carbon cycle.
While the pile of ashes and log have similar colors, the change in size, odor, and hardness, and the difference in combustibility indicate that a chemical change has resulted in a substance with a different identity. Furthermore, the ashes cannot be converted back into a log.
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The mechanism of water reabsorption by the renal tubules is ________.
Answer: The correct answer is OSMOSIS.
Explanation:
The option attached to this question are as follows:
A. Filtration.
B. Osmosis.
C. Active transport.
D. Co-transport with sodium ion.
Water re-absorption is the process by which water, which was lost during glomerular filtration re-enter the blood. The process typically occurs at the proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron. The process occurs by mean of osmosis, which is a form of passive transport. Re-abosorption usually occur based on the concentration gradients that exist in the convoluted tubule, movement takes place from the high concentration in the tubule to the low concentration in the blood capillaries that are surrounding the tubules.
Water reabsorption in the renal tubules occurs through active transport and osmosis, regulated by hormones like ADH.
Explanation:Tubular reabsorption is the process by which water is reabsorbed from the renal tubules in the kidneys. Water reabsorption occurs mainly in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) and is regulated by various factors, including hormones like antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Sodium ions are actively transported out of the tubule, creating an osmotic gradient that causes water to follow and be reabsorbed into the peritubular capillaries. This mechanism helps maintain water balance in the body.
Based on computer models, it is certain that the global temperature will continue to increase indefinitely. True False
Answer:
true
Explanation: Computer modelling consists of writing a computer program version of a mathematical model for a physical or biological system. Computer simulations that are run according to such programs can produce knowledge out of reach of mathematical analysis or natural experimentation.
Answer:
false
Explanation:
false on odyssey
A thread can be put to sleep for a given number of milliseconds. when the thread wakes up, it goes to the rear of the ____ queue. running blocked ready waiting
I believe the answer is waiting queue.
Why do iridescent colors seen in some seashells (such as abalone shells) change as the shells are viewed from various positions?
iridescent colors seen in some seashells change as the shells are viewed from various positions because the color shown depends on where your light source is coming from. The color changes as you tilt the shell in different positions, changing where the light source is hitting it.
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Which of the following is a basic building block of galaxies?
A.Stars
B.Gas
C.Dust
D.All of the above
Answer:
Stars are the basic building blocks of galaxies.
Explanation:
Stars are the dense embedded structures formed in compact in clusters. They range from a dozen to million of stars.These are he observational indicators of the gas expulsion from clusters which may occur even quicker or late than a stellar crossing time scale or within. They are classified into two main groups: OCs and globular clusters
OCs: They are ranging from few tens of millions of years old.They are generally young objects. They are less tightly bounded by the gravity. & less densely populated.
Globular Clusters: These are a tight compositions/ formation of old stars which are distributed roughly in the galactic halo spherically i.e.around the galactic center. Around the galactic centers they are having a high elliptical orbits.
Answer:
Stars
Explanation:
Multiple Choice New species arise when a. a portion of the population becomes isolated from the remainder of the population and experiences different selective pressures. b. living organisms can arise from non-living matter and that the type of organism formed depends on the type of non-living matter DNA controls the activities of the cell by specifying what proteins are to be synthesized. c. chloroplasts and mitochondria evolved from small prokaryotes that were consumed by a larger eukaryotic cell. d. all living organisms are composed of cells and that a cell is the smallest unit considered to be living.
Answer:
a. a portion of the population becomes isolated from the remainder of the population and experiences different selective pressures
Explanation:
This is an example of allopatric speciation Allopatric speciation is a form of speciation (formation of new species) that occurs as a result of geographic isolation. This means that a part of population becomes physically separated from the initial main population. There is no gene flow between these two populations and as a result the two populations reach a high level of genetic divergence. They can no longer interbreed which means they become two different species (speciation).
New populations evolve as result of mutation, genetic drift and natural selection.
For example, Galapagos finches are isolated from others by the ocean (geographic isolation). Because of the isolation, the finches don’t breed with one another. So, they developed unique characteristics and became endemic.
The principle of competitive exclusion means that A) niche subdivision can occur. B) a niche can be shared by two species. C) competing species cannot share a niche. D) a niche will evolve to support two species.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
When two species share a common niche, then one is bound to exclude the other. This is due to the stiff competition for resources. The species with a slight advantage in acquiring the resources will edge out the other species from the environment. This has been demonstrated by George Gauss using two Paramecium species grown in the same media in the lab. P. aurelia outcompetes P. caudatum
You are studying plant physiology and want to compare the energy used during cellular respiration for plants in tundras at varying longitudes. However, you do not have the funding to travel to multiple tundras and actually measure plant respiration. Instead, you decide to gather previously published data in order to arrive at an accurate average.You find very few data on plant respiration in tundra, but lots of data on their gross primary production. What would be the most logical next step towards estimating the energy used in cellular respiration?
Answer:
Find Net Primary Production of tundra plants
Explanation:
Gross primary production (GPP) is the total amount of energy traped from the sunlight. It is a chemical energy that plants (primary producers) create as a biomass. One part of this energy is used for the process of cellular respiration, while the rest is known as net primary production (NPP). NPP is the measure of energy gain in plants or the rate at which the plants produce useful energy. It can be calculated:
NPP = GPP - cellular respiration
Simply saying, NPP is the difference between total trapped carbon (from the photosynthesis) and carbon that is lost (through the cellular respiration).
Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets. note that there are twice as many blanks as answer choices. in other words, only half of the targets need to receive a label. pay attention to the color coding and think carefully about the best position for each label when multiple locations seem possible.
The answer is: Wind direction impacts the design of airports, including the location and orientation of the runway.
Further explanationExamine the accompanying wind rose diagram. Based on the information shown, determine the correct answers to the following questions.
Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets. Note that there are twice as many blanks as answer choices. In other words, only half of the targets need to receive a label. Pay attention to the color coding and think carefully about the best position for each label when multiple locations seem possible.
The answer is: Wind direction impacts the design of airports, including the location and orientation of the runway. This relationship explains why planes circle above an airport so they can land in the correct orientation, and why they reorient themselves after taking off in a direction other than the direction they wish to fly. In our example, the longest spoke in the wind rose diagram indicates prevailing winds are coming from the NE and blowing toward the SW. Therefore, the correct orientation for the runway is along this path, with planes taking off in the SW to NE direction. This wind pattern can be found where NE trade winds are located.
Learn moreLearn more about the color coding https://brainly.com/question/13049676Learn more about the appropriate labels https://brainly.com/question/6420375Learn more about Mastering Geology https://brainly.com/question/1037684Answer details
Grade: 9
Subject: biology
Chapter: Mastering Geology/Oceanography
Keywords: the color coding, multiple locations, the appropriate labels, Mastering Geology, Oceanography
The question pertains to a labeling activity typically seen in Physics, which seems to involve unit conversions and labeling of diagrams like free-body diagrams. The problem-solving method mentioned, known as the 'factor-label method,' is also indicative of Physics.
Explanation:The question refers to a type of interactive activity where items (possibly objects or concepts in a study material) need to be correctly matched with their appropriate labels or units. The activity also suggests the use of color coding and some level of strategic thinking. In Physics, this technique might be used in exercises designed to familiarize students with different unit conversions or physical processes. For instance, in a lesson on forces, the description of a free-body diagram hints at a learning activity where students must correctly label force vectors on a diagram.
Similarly, the mention of the factor-label method suggests unit conversions are involved, such as those often encountered in Chemistry, but in this context, it might refer to Physics problems where different units of measurement must be correctly applied. Therefore based on the content, it can inferred that the subject is Physics at the High School level.
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If someone was to say “order will always become disorder”, how would you explain to them that you could put order back?
•A. disorder can never be put back into order so it cannot he explained.
•B. a form of energy is required to be input so it can become orderly again.
•C. disorder can be stopped and from that order just happens.
•D. a form of matter is required to make things orderly again.
Answer:
•B. a form of energy is required to be input so it can become orderly again
Explanation:
Order can be restored from a disordered system by inputing energy. The energy helps restore back the orderliness in a system.
We know that entropy is the state of randomness or disorderliness of the particles of a system. Entropy increases with rise in temperature. When the heat energy that causes temperature rise is removed from a system, the kinetic energy require for molecules to move is reduced and orderliness can gradually be approached.
For example, heating of water causes agitation of its molecules. The randomness of it particles increases. This is seen in the phase change from liquid to gases. As temperature is lowered, the water cools and orderliness is approached again. We can approach more orderliness by putting the water in a refrigerator.
In some systems, we can bring gases into a more ordered state by compression. The pressure applied to compress gases is a form of energy because work is done to bring the molecules into close contact as seen in a gas cylinder.
Question 3 Use your Punnett squares to explain why traits that aren’t present in either parent could show up in the offspring or in future generations of the offspring.
Some traits are not present if there the recessive trait which is the less dominant allele which means it is not the dominant trait so it won't show unless its 2 recessives or more.
How Punnett squares can be use:The Punnett square is a square diagram that is used to predict the genotypes of a particular cross or breeding experiment.
Punnett squares are a useful tool for predicting what the offspring will look like when mating plants or animals.
Punnett squares are often used to help determine how likely a child is to receive a dominant or recessive allele. Because they can be overridden by dominant alleles, recessive alleles tend to be expressed more rarely.
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Which of the following contains multiple gymnosperm ovules?megasporangium,megaspore,integument, orovulate cone
Answer:
ovulate cone
Explanation:
Ovulate cone or a female cone is an organ in the conifera with the reproductive role. Because it contains reproductive structures cone can be either male (produce pollen) or female (produce seeds).
The female cone is also called megastrobilus. It is characteristic in structure, because of its woody appearance. It produces multiple ovules, which after the fertilization (by pollen) become seeds.
Dave's wife suggests that he talk to a doctor because of his crippling fear of heights. the doctor suggests that dave's phobia is a learned disorder that can be unlearned with proper treatment. this view is typical of the _______ model of abnormality.
Answer: cognitive-behavioral those are the answers
Explanation:
Dave's phobia about crippling fear of heights is a disorder learned by doctors and is a typical common cognitive-behavioral abnormality.
What is cognitive-behavioral?Exposing yourself to difficult conditions, including visiting a crowded common street. CBT is defined as psychotherapy that combines cognitive therapy with behavior therapy by identifying failed or maladaptive patterns of emotion.
Dave has fear of heights is a condition is a learned disorder that can be unlearned with proper treatment representing the abnormality model cognitive-behavioral.
Behavior and replacing them with desirable habits of thinking, emotional response, or behavior. It includes keeping a log of your thoughts throughout the day and recording your feelings about your thoughts.
Therefore Dave's phobia about crippling fear of heights is an abnormality model of cognitive-behavioral.
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Which learning disorder affects approximately 4 to 10 percent of the population?
Dyslexia is the answer
A scientist is observing a worm that was found inside a host. The worm that's an outer body that is smooth and soft. Which worm is the scientist least likely to be observing. An earthworm, a pinworm, a hookworm or a tapeworm
Final answer:
The scientist is least likely observing a tapeworm because it is a flat-bodied, segmented worm, unlike earthworms, pinworms, and hookworms which are round-bodied and non-segmented.
Explanation:
The worm that the scientist is least likely to be observing, given that it has a smooth and soft outer body and was found inside a host, is a tapeworm. This is because tapeworms are flat-bodied worms that are segmented, and known scientifically as cestodes, unlike roundworms which are non-segmented and have a round body. The other options listed, such as earthworms, pinworms, and hookworms, are all types of roundworms or nematodes, which generally have round, non-segmented bodies and would fit the description of a worm with a smooth and soft outer body.